2018北京市西城区初一(上)期末数学含答案
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数 学 2018.1
一、选择题(本题共30分,每小题3分)
下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.
1.据中新社2017年10月8日报道,2017年我国粮食总产量达到736 000 000吨,将736 000 000用科学记数法表示为( ).
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2. 如图所示,将两个圆柱体紧靠在一起,从上面看这两个立体图形,得到的平面图形是( ).
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3. 下列运算中,正确的是( ).
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4. 下列各式进行的变形中,不正确的是( ).
(A)若3a =2b,则3a +2 =2b +2 (B)若3a =2b,则3a -5 =2b- 5
(C)若3a =2b,则 9a=4b (D)若3a =2b,则
5.若,则x+y的值为( ).
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6. 在一些商场、饭店或写字楼中,常常能看到一种三翼式旋转门在圆柱体的空间內旋转. 旋转门的三片旋转翼把空间等分成三个部分,下图是从上面俯视旋转门的平面图,两片旋转翼之间的角度是( ).
(A)100° (B)120° (C)135° (D)150°
7. 实数a,b,c,d在数轴上对应点的位置如图所示,正确的结论是
(A)a > c (B)b +c > 0 (C)|a|<|d| (D)-b<d
8. 如图,在下列各关系式中,不正确的是( ).
(A) AD - CD=AB + BC
(B) AC- BC=AD -DB
(C) AC- BC=AC + BD
(D) AD -AC=BD -BC
9. 某礼品包装商店提供了多种款式的包装纸片,将它们沿实线折叠(图案在包装纸片的外部,内部无图案),再用透明胶条粘合,就折成了正方体包装盒,小明用购买的纸片制作的包装盒如右图所示,在下列四种款式的纸片中,小明所选的款式的是( ).
(A) (B)
(C) (D).
10.《九章算术》是中国古代数学专著,《九章算术》方程篇中有这样一道题:“今有善行者行一百步,不善行者行六十步,今不善行者先行一百步,善行者追之,问几何步及之?”这是一道行程问题,意思是说:走路快的人走100步的时候,走路慢的才走了60步;走路慢的人先走100步,然后走路快的人去追赶,问走路快的人要走多少步才能追上走路慢的人? 如果走路慢的人先走100步,设走路快的人要走 x 步才能追上走路慢的人,那么,下面所列方程正确的是( ).
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
二、填空题(本题共20分,第11~14题每小题3分,第15~18题每小题2分)
11.已知x= 2是关于的方程3x + a = 8的解,则a = .
12.一个有理数x满足: x<0且,写出一个满足条件的有理数x的值: x= .
13.在一面墙上用一根钉子钉木条时,木条总是来回晃动;用两根钉子钉木条时,木条就会固定不动,用数学知识解释这两种生活现象为 .
14.已知,则多项式的值为 .
15.已知一个角的补角比这个角的一半多30°,设这个角的度数为x°,
则列出的方程是: .
16.右图是一所住宅的建筑平面图(图中长度单位:m),
这所住宅的建筑面积为 . .
17.如图,点A,O,B在同一条直线上,射线OD
平分∠BOC,射线OE在∠AOC的内部,且
∠DOE=90°,写出图中所有互为余角的角: .
18.如图,一艘货轮位于O地,发现灯塔A在它的正北方向上,这艘货轮沿正东方向航行,到达B地,此时发现灯塔A在它的北偏西60°的方向上.
(1) 在图中用直尺、量角器画出B地的位置;
(2) 连接AB,若货轮位于O地时,货轮与灯塔A相距1.5千米,通过测量图中AB的长度,计算出货轮到达B地时与灯塔A的实际距离约为 千米(精确到0.1千米).
三、计算题(本题共16分,每小题4分)
19.
解:
20.
解:
21.
解:
22.
解:
四、解答题(本题共20分,每小题5分)
23.先化简,再求值:
,其中,.
解:
24.解方程 .
解:
25.解方程组
解:
26.已知AB=10,点C在射线 AB上, 且,D为AC的中点.
(1)依题意,画出图形;
(2)直接写出线段BD的长.
解:(1)依题意,画图如下:
(2)线段BD的长为 .
五、解答题(本题共13分,第27题6分,第28题7分)
27. 列方程或方程组解应用题
为了备战学校体育节的乒乓球比赛活动,某班计划买5副乒乓球拍和若干盒乒乓球(多于5盒).该班体育委员发现在学校附近有甲、乙两家商店都在出售相同品牌的乒乓球拍和乒乓球,乒乓球拍每副售价100元,乒乓球每盒售价25元.经过体育委员的洽谈,甲商店给出每买一副乒乓球拍送一盒乒乓球的优惠;乙商店给出乒乓球拍和乒乓球全部九折的优惠.
(1)若这个班计划购买6盒乒乓球,则在甲商店付款 元,在乙商店付款 元;
(2)当这个班购买多少盒乒乓球时,在甲、乙两家商店付款相同?
28. 如图,A,O,B三点在同一直线上,∠BOD与∠BOC互补.
(1)试判断∠AOC与∠BOD之间有怎样的数量关系,写出你的结论,并加以证明;
(2)OM平分∠AOC,ON平分∠AOD,
① 依题意,将备用图补全;
② 若∠MON=40°,求∠BOD的度数.
解:(1)答:∠AOC与∠BOD之间的数量关系为: ;
理由如下:
(2)①补全图形;
②
备用图
2018北京市西城区初一(上)期末数学
参考答案
一、选择题(本题共30分,每小题3分)
题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
答案 | C | A | D | C | A | B | D | C | D | B |
二、填空题(本题共20分,第11~14题每小题3分,第15~18题每小题2分)
题号 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
答案 | 2 | 答案不唯一, 如:-1 | 经过一点有无数条直线, 两点确定一条直线 | 1 | |
题号 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
答案 | ∠1和∠3, ∠2和∠3, ∠1和∠4,∠2和∠4互为余角 | 作图位置正确 1分 3.0千米 2分 |
三、计算题(本题共16分,每小题4分)
19.
解:
= -21 + 9 - 8 + 12 ·······································1分
= -29 + 21·················································3分
= -8······················································4分
20.
解:
·························································2分
·························································3分
·························································4分
21.
解:
= ······················································1分
=·······················································2分
=25····························································4分
22.
解:
=·······················································1分
=·························································2分
=·······················································3分
=·······················································4分
四、解答题(本题共21分,23~25题每小题5分,第26题6分)
23.,其中,.
解:
=·························································2分
=·······················································3分
当,时,
原式=···················································4分
=19.················································5分
24.解方程 .
解: 去分母,得 .············································1分
去括号,得 .············································2分
移项,得 .··············································3分
合并同类项,得 .·········································4分
系数化1,得 .············································5分
25.
解:由①得 .③ ··············································1分
把③代入②,得 .···········································2分
解这个方程,得 .···········································3分
把代入③,得 . ············································4分
所以,这个方程组的解为 ·····································5分
26.解:(1)依题意,画图如下:
图1 图2
···················································4分
(2)15或5. ······································6分
五、解答题(本题共13分,第27题6分,第28题7分)
27.(1)525 ,585;·············································2分
(2)解:设这个班购买x ( x>5 ) 盒乒乓球时,在甲、乙两家商店付款相同.
························································3分
由题意,得.·····································5分
解方程,得 .
答:购买30盒乒乓球时,在甲、乙两家商店付款相同.··········6分
28.解:(1)∠AOC =∠BOD ;······································1分
理由如下:
∵ 点A,O,B三点在同一直线上,
∴ ∠AOC +∠BOC = 180°.···························2分
∵ ∠BOD与∠BOC互补,
∴ ∠BOD +∠BOC = 180°.
∴ ∠AOC =∠BOD.··································3分
(2)①补全图形,如图所示.
②设∠AOM =α,
∵ OM平分∠AOC,
∴ ∠AOC =2∠AOM =2α.
∵ ∠MON=40°,
∴ ∠AON =∠MON +∠AOM =40°+ α.
∵ ON平分∠AOD,
∴ ∠AOD =2∠AON =80° +2α.
由(1)可得 ∠BOD=∠AOC=2α,
∵∠BOD +∠AOD =180°,
∴ 2α. + 80 +2α.=180°.
∴ 2α. =50°.
∴ ∠BOD =50°.································7分
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