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2022-2023学年贵州省遵义市部分高中高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年贵州省遵义市部分高中高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年贵州省遵义市部分高中高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Welcome to La Tomatina!
La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Buñol near to Valencia in Spain.Thousands upon thousands of people make their way from all corners of the world to fight in this world's biggest food fight festival where more than one hundred metric tons of tomatoes are thrown in the streets.
What Happens at La Tomatina
At around 11 am，many trucks transport tomatoes into the centre of the town，Plaza del Pueblo.The signal for the beginning of the fight is firing of water cannons（水炮）.Once it begins，the battle is generally every man for himself.
The fight lasts for nearly two hours.The cleaning process includes the use of fire trucks to spray down the streets.The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors，so some people find water at the Buñol River to wash themselves.
The Rules of La Tomatina
●Don't bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.
●Don't tear others' T-shirts.
●You must crush（压碎） the tomatoes before throwing to reduce the impact.
●When you hear the second shot，no more tomatoes can be thrown，otherwise there will be fines.
Useful Advice
●Wear old clothes and shoes that you do not mind throwing away afterwards.
●Ensure you always have something clean to wipe your eyes with.You may find goggles （护目镜） useful.
●If you're planning to take pictures，bring a waterproof camera!
●If you aren't from Buñol，don't forget to look for accommodation in advance.
Warning
Remember that you must have a ticket!No ticket，no entry.For more information about the official entry tickets，click here!
1. What are the participants supposed to do at La Tomatina？ ______
A. Clean the streets. B. Wash themselves.
C. Fight through teamwork. D. Bring their own tomatoes.
2. What is forbidden during the festival event？ ______
A. The use of hard objects. B. The fight between people.
C. The use of crushed tomatoes. D. The touch with others' T-shirts.
3. What is a must for a person to join in La Tomatina？ ______
A. Wearing clean and formal clothes.
B. Checking in a hotel ahead of time.
C. Getting the admission to the event.
D. Bringing a good waterproof camera.
B
Every day，there are 25，000 flights in America.Accidents are so rare that flying is much safer than car travel.But that doesn't stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour，33，000 feet above the ground.Not being at the controls makes us feel a bit helpless.When the negative thoughts begin to swirl （打旋），even in a very safe place，we will suddenly feel panic.
That's what happened recently to a woman flying on a commercial airline.Many of us can go along doing ordinary things and suddenly be overcome with fear.The physical symptoms are real，and it requires a calming force to steady our emotions.In panic mode，every sound and movement feels like a threat.The passengers responded accordingly，jumping at every sound and the slightest turbulence （骚乱）.
Floyd Dean - Shannon noticed a woman's distress.As a flight attendant，he has plenty to do during a flight.But he stopped and spoke comfortingly to the woman.Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal.As the woman began to calm down a bit，Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand.He told her she was safe.He made her feel safe.He sat with her through the entire flight.At one point，Floyd learned it was another passenger's birthday，so he led the plane in a song to celebrate — another way of making the woman feel safe by distracting her from her fears.He stayed by the woman's side until it was time to land.
We all have friends who become distressed，who over worry，who may struggle with some difficulties that keep them from enjoying life.Like Floyd，we can be open enough to see，and to be there.We don't have to be professional counselors；we just need to be friends.
4. Why do some people feel fearful when on a flight？ ______
A. They have a negative memory.
B. There are 25，000 flights at the same time.
C. There are more plane accidents than car accidents.
D. The speed and height make them feel helpless.
5. What does the underlined word "distress" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Anger. B. Worry. C. Surprise. D. Sorrow.
6. Which of the following words best describe Floyd？ ______
A. Brave and sympathetic. B. Ambitious and determined.
C. Patient and considerate. D. Sensitive and modest.
7. What is the most suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Overcoming fear sometimes requires a patient friend
B. Why do we suddenly feel scared when flying
C. How should we deal with the sudden fear
D. Airline travel is much safer than car travel in America
C
What if AI could interpret your imagination，turning images in your mind into reality？While that sounds like a detail in a science fiction，researchers have now accomplished exactly this.Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion （扩散） image generation model.The authors wrote that unlike previous studies，they didn't need to train the AI models to create these images.
The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation，which is a model of the image's data，from fMRI （功能性磁共振成像） signals.Then，the model was processed and noise was added to it through the diffusion process.Finally，the researchers decoded （解码） text representations from fMRI signals and used them as input to produce a final constructed image.
The researchers wrote that a few studies have produced good reconstructions of images but it was only after training.This resulted in limitations because training complex models are challenging and there are not many samples to work with.Prior to this new study，no other researchers had tried using diffusion models for visual reconstruction.
In the past，we've seen other examples of how brainwaves and brain functions can create images.In 2014，a Shanghai - based artist Jody Xiong used sensors to connect sixteen people with disabilities to balloons of paint.The people would then use their thoughts to burst specific balloons and create their own paintings.
With the advancement of AI，more and more researchers have been testing the ways AI models can work with the human brain.In a January 2022 study，researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1，050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images.The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction.In the latest study，the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.
8. How did researchers make images from brain activity in the previous research？ ______
A. By using generation model.
B. By training AI models.
C. By reconstructing mind.
D. By predicting people's imagination.
9. Where are images' data from？ ______
A. The fMRI signals B. The diffusion text.
C. The processed model. D. The text representation.
10. Why do the researchers think their new study is meaningful？ ______
A. Their training work is very challenging.
B. They've made training models less complex.
C. Nobody has reconstructed images by brainwaves.
D. They can reconstruct accurate images from brain activity.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Few researchers have used AI to make reconstruct images.
B. Scientists should do more to make high - quality reconstruction.
C. The AI models should be improved to work with fMRI data.
D. The AI contributes a lot to good visual reconstruction.
D
Plastic waste is choking our planet.People are trying to help fix it by recycling，but their efforts aren't going far enough.Even when plastic producers are held responsible and attempt to solve the problem，it doesn't always go smoothly.Such has been the case for the company Torus Pak，which produces novel packaging for frozen meals on a large scale.
Like mnany other black plastic products，the Torus Pak packages used a carbon-based pigment（颜料）.This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities，so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can't identify it.Now the company is midway through the complex process of phasing out that pigment and switching that pigment to one that doesn't use carbon.
But that doesn't mean the problem is solved，for the recycling rate at the waste facility it- self is not encouraging.Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled.Worldwide，only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled，which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion.While one might assume the pro- portion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection，it's actually become even lower in many places in recent years.
"The world wasn't always flooded with single-use plastic products， " said Lisa Ramsden，senior plastic campaigner for Greenpeace USA."We know how to live without them.We've just got used to a convenience culture that relies so heavily on them. "
The solution is obvious.To get out of this habit，we should stop using so much plastic，starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes.Companies need to shift toward using more refillable and reusable containers，and packaging made from materials that are less harmful to the environment.Governments must mandate（强制执行）such changes a goal we're now finally inching closer to every day.
12. What is the problem with the Torus Pak packages？ ______
A. They are expensive for customers.
B. Their pigment is hardly appealing.
C. They are hard to define as "recyclable".
D. Their production process is very complex.
13. What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 3？ ______
A. The reason for recycling plastic waste.
B. The outcome of recycling plastic waste.
C. The potential of recycling plastic waste.
D. The objective of recycling plastic waste.
14. What is advised to solve the plastic pollution in the text？ ______
A. Advancing recycling technology.
B. Making some stricter relevant laws.
C. Setting higher environmental goals.
D. Reducing the use of plastic products.
15. Which can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. A company contributes to recycling.
B. Recycling fails to solve plastic pollution.
C. Great changes happen in recycling plastic.
D. Plastic pollution is increasingly worsening.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Studying is important for numerous reasons，and getting good marks is not the primary one.When it comes to studying chemistry，many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored.（1） ______
Believe it or not，chemistry is part of our everyday life.We encounter numerous principles of chemistry without even realizing it.（2） ______ Whenever you eat，drink，or even breathe air，certain chemical reactions occur in your body.And without chemistry，we would not be able to explain how these processes work.
（ 3） ______ Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions.Whether you are heating food，or mixing different ingredients（原料） together，you are observing various physical and chemical processes.Therefore，studying chemistry allows you to better understand how chemical processes work as you cook food，enabling your cooking skills to the next level.
Product labels（标签） tell you everything you need to know.The part of the label that lists the ingredients is probably what you should be paying most attention to.But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not？（4） ______ By studying chemistry，you can not only read but also understand product labels of everything you may need to use in life.
While experiments are usually conducted in labs，you can also perform some fun experiments at home.（5） ______ As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals，they can act as reagents（试剂） for the reactions.There are plenty of kid-friendly experiments that you can perform using the materials you already have.
A.The answer lies in chemistry.
B.However，the truth is the opposite.
C.Cooking itself is actually all about chemistry.
D.You can know how chemicals work as you cook it.
E.Many daily events are results of chemical reactions.
F.You may not realize how many chemicals you know.
G.And you do not even need special chemicals for that.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
I'm feeling pretty good right now，despite the fact that I suffered from dementia（痴呆）two years ago.I've always been （1） ______ and this quality has benefited me a lot.
I joined the police force in 1978 when there were very few women in that （2） ______ .I had been working hard to （3） ______ that I was no worse than a man.That accounted for why it was difficult for me to （4） ______ when my health changed.
I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s，which （5） ______ memory problems.I still tried to work part-time，but I kept having （6） ______ blanks about important things.There was a morning when I had to sit on my bed for 15 minutes as I just couldn't remember how to get dressed.（7） ______ ，I was diagnosed（诊断） with dementia later in 2017.Hearing the news，I （8） ______ and cried for almost three months.It felt like a death sentence.
Thinking back，this indicates exactly the way we used to talk about dementia.People （9） ______ to think that when you have dementia，you become a person unable to （10） ______ ，sitting silent in a corner.Actually，this just isn't the（11） ______ .Changing the way people think about dementia is something that I'm （12） ______ in.
I feel the only way that we can change the（13） ______ opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.People are always （14） ______ when I tell them I have dementia and（15） ______ when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events.
21. A. generous B. active C. selfless D. witty
22. A. profession B. program C. interaction D. campaign
23. A. realize B. complain C. inform D. prove
24. A. disturb B. blame C. adjust D. control
25. A. caused B. solved C. ignored D. encountered
26. A. contrast B. knowledge C. sample D. memory
27. A. In fact B. For example
C. Worse still D. Most importantly
28. A. gave in B. broke down C. came up D. set off
29. A. guarantee B. promise C. pretend D. tend
30. A. chat B. operate C. drink D. float
31. A. excuse B. solution C. case D. point
32. A. experienced B. disappointed C. concerned D. engaged
33. A. genuine B. negative C. innovative D. distinct
34. A. shocked B. disappointed C. excited D. puzzled
35. A. frequently B. constantly C. especially D. normally
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Food wasting is still on the increase worldwide currently.In the United States alone，grocery stores throw away（1） ______ （ billion） of pounds of food every year.Sometimes it's be-cause the food is nearing its sell-by date，even though that doesn't mean it can't be eaten.Other times，it's（2） ______ （ simple） because the food is strange- looking，even though the food is in good condition.Whatever the reason is，there is more and more food waste in landfills，contributing greatly （3） ______ the production of greenhouse gases.
In early 2016 in France，a law was passed to prevent food from （4） ______ （throw） away by large grocery stores，as long as the food is still safe to eat.French stores can choose to donate it to charities such as food banks.The law makes （5） ______ much easier for stores to donate their food since grocery stores（6） ______ （ large） than 4，300 square feet must sign contracts with food banks.Grocery stores（7） ______ don't follow the law must pay a heavy fine up to almost 4，000 dollars.This is a major step in helping reduce food waste and dealing with （8） ______ （hungry） as well.
The law doesn't stop there.In addition，it requires that French schools teach children about food waste and what they can do to help fix the problems （9） ______ （bring） about by food waste.
France was the first country in the world to pass a law like this，and since 2016，it （10） ______ （ become）a world leader in reducing food waste.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 你校英文报正在举行主题为"How I Got Through My Hard Time"的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
（1）你的困境；
（2）你摆脱困境的方法。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How I Got Through My Hard Time
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day，Gina received a smartphone.But she didn't know how to use it.So Gina went to her daughter's house to ask her grandson，Josh，for help.
When seeing Josh，Gina asked him for help."Sorry，Grandma.I have to leave for base-ball now，"Josh answered from the sofa，his eyes locked on his own phone.Then he stood up，took his baseball bag，and left.Over the next few days，Gina went to see Josh several times.However，Josh always had something to do，giving excuses such as going to the movies.
Gina finally understood Josh actually didn't want to help her.She stopped asking him.She turned to some friends for help.Before long，she learned how to use her phone to read stories，communicate with friends，etc.
Later，on a Monday evening，Gina visited her daughter，Oona.They happily talked when Josh was making dinner.Suddenly，they heard Josh crying out.Oona rushed towards the kitchen.Gina followed and found Josh's hands burned by hot water by accident."Mom，I think we need to go to the hospital，"Oona said："Yes，I'll drive，"Gina said.
At last，the doctor said Josh would be fine after a few days，but his hands would be band-aged（用绷带包扎）.Josh was also advised not to go to school for some days so he could rest and get better soon.Oona asked Josh's best friend to tell him his homework.
On Wednesday，Josh was alone at home.His grandma came to help make lunch for him，because he couldn't use his hands.While Gina was cooking，Josh wanted to check his home-work.His friend had sent his homework assignment to his phone through emails and text messages.But Josh couldn't operate his phone.He realized he had to ask his grandma to help him out.
And he suddenly remembered he had refused to help his grandma when she asked for help with her phone.He was regretful and afraid she wouldn't help him.But he decided to have a try.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"Grandma，"he finally said，standing before the kitchen.
Then，Gina sent Josh's homework assignment to his computer.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据What Happens at La Tomatina部分第二段The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors，so some people find water at the Buñol River to wash themselves.（当局似乎更关心的是清洁这个一团糟的城镇，而不是清洁游客，所以一些人在布尼奥尔河找到水来清洗自己。）可知参与者在La Tomatina应该清洗自己。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据The Rules of La Tomatina部分 ●Don't bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.（●不要携带瓶子或硬物，因为它们可能会导致事故并伤害其他参与者。）可知节日期间禁止使用坚硬物体。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据Warning部分Remember that you must have a ticket!No ticket，no entry.For more information about the official entry tickets，click here!（记住你必须有票！没有门票，就没有入场券。有关正式入场券的更多信息，请点击此处！）可知对于一个人来说，参加西红柿大战必须要获得活动入场券。故选 C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了La Tomatina这一食物大战节，这一节日也是世界上最大的食物大战节。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段But that doesn't stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour，33，000 feet above the ground.（但当他们以每小时500英里的速度在离地面33000英尺的高空飞行时，这并不能阻止许多人的恐慌。）可知，有些人在飞机上感到害怕是因为速度和高度让他们感到无助。故选D项。
（2）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. （弗洛伊德平静地解释了那是什么声音，说那是正常的。）可推知，该妇女是因为听到飞机上的噪音而产生"担忧"，所以划线词distress是"担忧"的意思。A.Anger.生气；B.Worry.担忧；C.Surprise.惊讶；D.Sorrow.痛苦。故选B项。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章第三段As the woman began to calm down a bit，Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand.He told her she was safe.He made her feel safe.He sat with her through the entire flight.（当那个女人开始平静下来时，弗洛伊德在她旁边的过道上坐下，握着她的手。他告诉她她很安全。他让她感到安全。他全程陪伴着她。）可推知，弗洛伊德是一个有耐心和体贴的人。A.Brave and sympathetic.勇敢又有同情心的；B.Ambitious and determined.雄心勃勃，意志坚定的；C.Patient and considerate.耐心体贴的；D.Sensitive and modest.敏感又谦虚的。故选C项。
（4）标题归纳题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们，所以A选项"克服恐惧有时需要一个有耐心的朋友"适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句The authors wrote that unlike previous studies，they didn't need to train the AI models to create these images.（作者写道，与之前的研究不同，他们不需要训练人工智能模型来创建这些图像。）可知，研究人员在之前的研究中通过训练人工智能模型来制作大脑活动的图像。A．By using generation model.通过使用世代模型；B．By training AI models.通过训练人工智能模型；C．By reconstructing mind.通过改造心智；D．By predicting people's imagination.通过预测人们的想象力。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation，which is a model of the image's data，from fMRI （功能性磁共振成像） signals.（研究人员表示，他们首先从功能磁共振成像信号中预测了一种潜在的表征，即图像数据的模型。）可知，图像数据来源于功能磁共振成像信号。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion （扩散） image generation model.（研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。）可知，研究人员认为他们的新研究是有意义的是因为他们可以从大脑活动中重建准确的图像。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段In a January 2022 study，researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1，050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images.The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction.In the latest study，the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.（在2022年1月的一项研究中，荷兰内梅亨大学的研究人员用1050张独特面孔的功能磁共振成像数据训练了一个人工智能网络，并将大脑成像结果转化为实际图像。研究发现，人工智能能够进行重建。在最新的研究中，研究人员发现目前的扩散模型现在可以实现高质量的视觉重建。）可知，从最后一段中可以推断出人工智能为良好的视觉重建做出了很大贡献。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】C、B、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段中This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities，so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can't identify it. （这种颜料困扰着许多回收设施使用的分拣技术，因此黑色塑料通常最终会被扔掉，因为机器无法识别它。）可知，因为机器无法识别黑色塑料，很难将它们定义为"可回收的"，所以最终会被扔掉。故选C项。
（2）段落大意题。根据文章第三段But that doesn't mean the problem is solved，for the recycling rate at the waste facility it- self is not encouraging.Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled.Worldwide，only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled，which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion.While one might assume the pro- portion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection，it's actually become even lower in many places in recent years. （但这并不意味着问题已经解决，因为废物设施的回收率本身并不令人鼓舞。即使您将其送去回收，您丢弃的塑料也可能最终进入垃圾填埋场。在世界范围内，只有约9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用，在60多亿件塑料垃圾中，只有不到6亿吨。虽然人们可能会认为，由于技术的改进和公众环保意识的提高，塑料被回收的有利部分正在增加，但近年来在许多地方，塑料回收率实际上甚至更低。）可知，第三段作者主要强调塑料废弃物回收利用的结果，即塑料产品回收率低，回收成果不大。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The solution is obvious.To get out of this habit，we should stop using so much plastic，starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes.Companies need to shift toward using more refillable and reusable containers，and packaging made from materials that are less harmful to the environment.Governments must mandate（强制执行）such changes a goal we're now finally inching closer to every day.（ 解决方案是显而易见的。为了摆脱这种习惯，我们应该停止使用太多的塑料，从我们只使用一次几分钟的许多物品开始。公司需要转向使用更多可再填充和可重复使用的容器，以及由对环境危害较小的材料制成的包装。政府必须强制这种变化，这是我们现在每天都在接近的目标。）可知，解决塑料污染问题的关键是人们尽可能少使用塑料产品。故选D项。
（4）标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题，文章提出了相应的解决办法。B项"回收利用不能解决塑料污染问题"适合做文章标题。A．A company contributes to recycling.一家公司致力于回收利用；B．Recycling fails to solve plastic pollution.回收利用不能解决塑料污染问题；C．Great changes happen in recycling plastic.塑料回收发生了巨大的变化；D．Plastic pollution is increasingly worsening.塑料污染日益恶化。故选B项。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题，文章提出了相应的解决办法。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
16~20.【答案】B、E、C、A、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前文When it comes to studying chemistry，many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored（当谈到学习化学时，许多学生认为这个领域不够重要，不值得探索），以及后文Believe it or not，chemistry is part of our everyday life（信不信由你，化学是我们日常生活的一部分）可知表示"然而，事实恰恰相反"的选项B可以承接上下文的转折关系，介绍化学的重要性，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据后文Whenever you eat，drink，or even breathe air，certain chemical reactions occur in your body（无论何时你吃、喝，甚至呼吸空气，你的身体都会发生某些化学反应），可知表示"许多日常事件都是化学反应的结果"的选项E可以和后句语境一致，介绍化学反应和我们息息相关，故选E。
（3）主题判断题。根据后文Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions.Whether you are heating food，or mixing different ingredients（原料） together，you are observing various physical and chemical processes（烹饪时完成的不同任务涉及各种化学反应。无论是加热食物，还是混合不同的原料在一起，你都会观察到各种物理和化学过程），可知表示"烹饪本身实际上就是关于化学的"的选项C可以作为本段的主题，介绍烹饪和化学的关系，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not（但你如何知道哪些成分好，哪些不好），可知表示"答案在于化学"的选项A可以承接上文，介绍化学在产品标签上的作用，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据后文As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals，they can act as reagents（试剂） for the reactions（你已经拥有的许多家用产品都是由某些化学物质制成的，它们可以作为试剂），可知表示"你甚至不需要特殊的化学物质"的选项G可以和后文构成因果关系，介绍在家做实验也很方便，故选G。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了化学和我们生活密切的关系。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、A、D、A、A、D、C、B、D、A、C、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.generous大方的；B.active积极的；C.selfless无私的；D.witty风趣的。根据后文I had been working hard to （3）that I was no worse than a man.可知我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。说明我非常积极。故答案为B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.profession职业；B.program节目；C.interaction互动；D.campaign运动。根据上句I joined the police force in 1978可知我于1978年加入警察队伍，当时从事这一职业的女性很少。故答案为A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.realize意识到；B.complain抱怨；C.inform告知；D.prove证明是。根据下句I was no worse than a man.可知我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.disturb打扰；B.blame指责；C.adjust适应；D.control控制。根据上句I had been working hard to （3）that I was no worse than a man.（我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。）可知当我的健康状况发生变化时，我很难去打扰。故答案为A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.caused导致；B.solved解决；C.ignored忽略；D.encountered遇到。根据上句I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s可知我50多岁的时候中风过三次，导致记忆出现问题。故答案为A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.contrast比较；B.knowledge知识；C.sample例子；D.memory记忆。根据上句I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s，which （5）memory problems（我50多岁的时候中风过三次，导致记忆出现问题。）可知我一直对重要的事情记忆空白。故答案为D。
（7）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.In fact事实上；B.For example例如；C.Worse still更糟糕的是；D.Most importantly最重要的是。根据下句I was diagnosed（诊断） with dementia later in 2017可知2017年晚些时候，我被诊断出患有痴呆症。说明这是非常糟糕的事情。故答案为C。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.gave in屈服；B.broke down坏了，崩溃了；C.came up出现；D.set off出发。根据下句cried for almost three months.It felt like a death sentence.可知哭了快三个月。感觉就像被判了死刑。说明听到这个消息，我崩溃了，故答案为B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.guarantee确保；B.promise许诺；C.pretend假装；D.tend倾向于。根据常识可知人们往往认为，当你患有痴呆症时，你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。tend to do sth倾向于做某事。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.chat聊天；B.operate操作；C.drink喝水；D.float漂流。根据下句sitting silent in a corner可知你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。故答案为A。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.excuse借口；B.solution解决方法；C.case状况；D.point意义。根据后文I feel the only way that we can change the（13）opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.可知我觉得我们能改变对痴呆症的负面看法的唯一方法是受这种情况影响的人说出来，我做到了。说明我想改变这种状况。故答案为C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.experienced经历；B.disappointed使失望；C.concerned关心；D.engaged从事。根据后文I feel the only way that we can change the（13）opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.可知我觉得我们能改变对痴呆症的负面看法的唯一方法是受这种情况影响的人说出来，我做到了。说明我致力于改变人们对痴呆症的看法。be engaged in忙于做某事。故答案为D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.genuine真诚的；B.negative否定的，负面的；C.innovative创新的；D.distinct有区别的。根据前文People （9）to think that when you have dementia，you become a person unable to （10），sitting silent in a corner.（人们往往认为，当你患有痴呆症时，你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。）可知人们对痴呆症有负面看法。故答案为B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.shocked惊讶的；B.disappointed失望的；C.excited兴奋的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据下句when I tell them I have dementia and（15）when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events.可知当我告诉人们我患有痴呆症时，他们总是感到震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。故答案为A。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.frequently频繁地；B.constantly持续地；C.especially尤其；D.normally正常地。当我告诉人们我患有痴呆症时，他们总是感到震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者虽然得了痴呆症，但是通过自己的努力，改变了人们对痴呆症的负面看法。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】billions
【小题2】simply
【小题3】to
【小题4】being thrown
【小题5】it
【小题6】larger
【小题7】that/which
【小题8】hunger
【小题9】brought
【小题10】has become
【解析】（1）考查固定短语。句意：仅在美国，杂货店每年就扔掉数十亿磅的食物。billions of表示"数十亿的"，符合句意，故填billions。
（2）考查副词。句意：其他时候，这只是因为食物看起来很奇怪，尽管食物状况很好。此处用副词作状语修饰because the food is strange- looking，故填simply。
（3）考查介词。句意：无论是什么原因，垃圾填埋场中的食物垃圾越来越多，极大地助长了温室气体的产生。contribute to表示"导致"，符合句意，故填to。
（4）考查动名词及被动语态。句意：2016年初，法国通过了一项法律，防止大型杂货店丢弃食物。此处用动名词作介词from的宾语，且food与throw之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态，故填being thrown。
（5）考查形式宾语。句意：由于4300平方英尺以上的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，这项法律使商店更容易捐赠食品。此处用it作形式宾语，动词不定式to donate作真正的宾语，故填it。
（6）考查比较级。句意：由于4300平方英尺以上的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，这项法律使商店更容易捐赠食品。结合句意和than可知，此处用比较级，故填larger。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：不遵守法律的杂货店必须支付高达4000美元的巨额罚款。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Grocery stores，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：这是在帮助减少食物浪费和应对饥饿方面迈出的重要一步。此处用名词作介词with的宾语，表示"饥饿"，为不可数名词，故填hunger。
（9）考查过去分词。句意：此外，它要求法国学校向孩子们传授食物浪费的知识，以及他们可以做些什么来帮助解决食物浪费带来的问题。句中已有谓语动词teach，此处为非谓语动词作定语，problems与bring之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填brought。
（10）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：法国是世界上第一个通过此类法律的国家，自2016年以来，它已成为减少食物浪费的世界领导者。时间状语为since 2016，句子用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has，故填has become。
本文为说明文，主要介绍了法国通过了一项法律，防止大型杂货店丢弃食物。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】How I Got Through My Hard Time As a famous saying goes，"Life is not a bed of roses."We will inevitably get caught in hardship in our life.And I am no exception.（话题）
As far as I remembered，there was a time when I had a hard time in learning physics，which depressed me for quite a while.【高分句型一】（你的困境）Instead of giving it up，I refreshed myself and struggled to find a way out.To start with，I adjusted myself to living with the problem，and then more time and energy were devoted to repeatedly thinking and doing exercises.In addition，I tried to seek help from my teacher and classmates.Last but not least，I poured out my problem to my parents，from whom I got emotional support.【高分句型二】（你摆脱困境的方法）
Eventually，all my efforts paid off and I made great progress in my physics.Face adversity positively，and we will be rewarded.（总结）
【解析】高分句型一：As far as I remembered，there was a time when I had a hard time in learning physics，which depressed me for quite a while.
译文：据我记忆所及，有一段时间我在学习物理时遇到了困难，这让我沮丧了很长一段时间。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的定语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Last but not least，I poured out my problem to my parents，from whom I got emotional support.
译文：最后但同样重要的是，我向父母倾诉了我的问题，他们给了我情感上的支持。
分析：这句话使用了from whom引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】"Grandma，" he finally said，standing before the kitchen.Gina turned around，looking at him expectantly.（高分句型一） "Can you check my emails？" Josh asked. "Oh，" Gina hesitated.Josh lowered his head，guessing she'd refuse.But Gina cleaned her hands and walked towards him，smiling， "Sure.You need to get your homework，right？Let me see." Gina picked up Josh's phone and started searching around.She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.（高分句型二）（描写奶奶接受乔希的求助。）
Then，Gina sent Josh's homework assignment to his computer.Before long，they started working together to complete Josh's homework.They ate sandwiches during the process，and their afternoon passed rapidly.When they were done，Josh looked at his grandma regretfully.He thanked her and then apologized for his previous behavior.Gina looked at him with love，patted his head and forgave him.After that day，Josh never refused when she asked for help.He learned to respect and love his grandma，instead of being selfish.（描写乔希感谢奶奶的帮助，并对以前的行为表示歉意。）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述的是奶奶吉娜和孙子乔希互相求助的故事。吉娜不会使用智能手机，向孙子乔希求助，而乔希要去打棒球，拒绝了请求。后来乔希烫伤，吉娜照顾，乔希收到朋友发来的邮件和作业，需要求助奶奶，但他觉得曾经拒绝过奶奶，不好意思求助。从这件事上，他学会了尊重和爱他的奶奶，而不是自私。
高分句型一 Gina turned around，looking at him expectantly.
翻译：吉娜转过身来，满怀期待地看着他。
分析：句中使用了现在分词短语looking at him expectantly作状语。
高分句型二 She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.
翻译：她访问了他的电子邮件应用程序，下载了他完成家庭作业所需的一切。
分析：句中使用了省略关系代词的定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年贵州省遵义市部分高中高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Welcome to La Tomatina!
La Tomatina is a food fight festival held on the last Wednesday of August each year in the town of Buñol near to Valencia in Spain.Thousands upon thousands of people make their way from all corners of the world to fight in this world's biggest food fight festival where more than one hundred metric tons of tomatoes are thrown in the streets.
What Happens at La Tomatina
At around 11 am，many trucks transport tomatoes into the centre of the town，Plaza del Pueblo.The signal for the beginning of the fight is firing of water cannons（水炮）.Once it begins，the battle is generally every man for himself.
The fight lasts for nearly two hours.The cleaning process includes the use of fire trucks to spray down the streets.The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors，so some people find water at the Buñol River to wash themselves.
The Rules of La Tomatina
●Don't bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.
●Don't tear others' T-shirts.
●You must crush（压碎） the tomatoes before throwing to reduce the impact.
●When you hear the second shot，no more tomatoes can be thrown，otherwise there will be fines.
Useful Advice
●Wear old clothes and shoes that you do not mind throwing away afterwards.
●Ensure you always have something clean to wipe your eyes with.You may find goggles （护目镜） useful.
●If you're planning to take pictures，bring a waterproof camera!
●If you aren't from Buñol，don't forget to look for accommodation in advance.
Warning
Remember that you must have a ticket!No ticket，no entry.For more information about the official entry tickets，click here!
1. What are the participants supposed to do at La Tomatina？ ______
A. Clean the streets. B. Wash themselves.
C. Fight through teamwork. D. Bring their own tomatoes.
2. What is forbidden during the festival event？ ______
A. The use of hard objects. B. The fight between people.
C. The use of crushed tomatoes. D. The touch with others' T-shirts.
3. What is a must for a person to join in La Tomatina？ ______
A. Wearing clean and formal clothes.
B. Checking in a hotel ahead of time.
C. Getting the admission to the event.
D. Bringing a good waterproof camera.
B
Every day，there are 25，000 flights in America.Accidents are so rare that flying is much safer than car travel.But that doesn't stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour，33，000 feet above the ground.Not being at the controls makes us feel a bit helpless.When the negative thoughts begin to swirl （打旋），even in a very safe place，we will suddenly feel panic.
That's what happened recently to a woman flying on a commercial airline.Many of us can go along doing ordinary things and suddenly be overcome with fear.The physical symptoms are real，and it requires a calming force to steady our emotions.In panic mode，every sound and movement feels like a threat.The passengers responded accordingly，jumping at every sound and the slightest turbulence （骚乱）.
Floyd Dean - Shannon noticed a woman's distress.As a flight attendant，he has plenty to do during a flight.But he stopped and spoke comfortingly to the woman.Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal.As the woman began to calm down a bit，Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand.He told her she was safe.He made her feel safe.He sat with her through the entire flight.At one point，Floyd learned it was another passenger's birthday，so he led the plane in a song to celebrate — another way of making the woman feel safe by distracting her from her fears.He stayed by the woman's side until it was time to land.
We all have friends who become distressed，who over worry，who may struggle with some difficulties that keep them from enjoying life.Like Floyd，we can be open enough to see，and to be there.We don't have to be professional counselors；we just need to be friends.
4. Why do some people feel fearful when on a flight？ ______
A. They have a negative memory.
B. There are 25，000 flights at the same time.
C. There are more plane accidents than car accidents.
D. The speed and height make them feel helpless.
5. What does the underlined word "distress" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Anger. B. Worry. C. Surprise. D. Sorrow.
6. Which of the following words best describe Floyd？ ______
A. Brave and sympathetic. B. Ambitious and determined.
C. Patient and considerate. D. Sensitive and modest.
7. What is the most suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Overcoming fear sometimes requires a patient friend
B. Why do we suddenly feel scared when flying
C. How should we deal with the sudden fear
D. Airline travel is much safer than car travel in America
C
What if AI could interpret your imagination，turning images in your mind into reality？While that sounds like a detail in a science fiction，researchers have now accomplished exactly this.Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion （扩散） image generation model.The authors wrote that unlike previous studies，they didn't need to train the AI models to create these images.
The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation，which is a model of the image's data，from fMRI （功能性磁共振成像） signals.Then，the model was processed and noise was added to it through the diffusion process.Finally，the researchers decoded （解码） text representations from fMRI signals and used them as input to produce a final constructed image.
The researchers wrote that a few studies have produced good reconstructions of images but it was only after training.This resulted in limitations because training complex models are challenging and there are not many samples to work with.Prior to this new study，no other researchers had tried using diffusion models for visual reconstruction.
In the past，we've seen other examples of how brainwaves and brain functions can create images.In 2014，a Shanghai - based artist Jody Xiong used sensors to connect sixteen people with disabilities to balloons of paint.The people would then use their thoughts to burst specific balloons and create their own paintings.
With the advancement of AI，more and more researchers have been testing the ways AI models can work with the human brain.In a January 2022 study，researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1，050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images.The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction.In the latest study，the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.
8. How did researchers make images from brain activity in the previous research？ ______
A. By using generation model.
B. By training AI models.
C. By reconstructing mind.
D. By predicting people's imagination.
9. Where are images' data from？ ______
A. The fMRI signals B. The diffusion text.
C. The processed model. D. The text representation.
10. Why do the researchers think their new study is meaningful？ ______
A. Their training work is very challenging.
B. They've made training models less complex.
C. Nobody has reconstructed images by brainwaves.
D. They can reconstruct accurate images from brain activity.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Few researchers have used AI to make reconstruct images.
B. Scientists should do more to make high - quality reconstruction.
C. The AI models should be improved to work with fMRI data.
D. The AI contributes a lot to good visual reconstruction.
D
Plastic waste is choking our planet.People are trying to help fix it by recycling，but their efforts aren't going far enough.Even when plastic producers are held responsible and attempt to solve the problem，it doesn't always go smoothly.Such has been the case for the company Torus Pak，which produces novel packaging for frozen meals on a large scale.
Like mnany other black plastic products，the Torus Pak packages used a carbon-based pigment（颜料）.This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities，so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can't identify it.Now the company is midway through the complex process of phasing out that pigment and switching that pigment to one that doesn't use carbon.
But that doesn't mean the problem is solved，for the recycling rate at the waste facility it- self is not encouraging.Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled.Worldwide，only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled，which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion.While one might assume the pro- portion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection，it's actually become even lower in many places in recent years.
"The world wasn't always flooded with single-use plastic products， " said Lisa Ramsden，senior plastic campaigner for Greenpeace USA."We know how to live without them.We've just got used to a convenience culture that relies so heavily on them. "
The solution is obvious.To get out of this habit，we should stop using so much plastic，starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes.Companies need to shift toward using more refillable and reusable containers，and packaging made from materials that are less harmful to the environment.Governments must mandate（强制执行）such changes a goal we're now finally inching closer to every day.
12. What is the problem with the Torus Pak packages？ ______
A. They are expensive for customers.
B. Their pigment is hardly appealing.
C. They are hard to define as "recyclable".
D. Their production process is very complex.
13. What does the author mainly stress in paragraph 3？ ______
A. The reason for recycling plastic waste.
B. The outcome of recycling plastic waste.
C. The potential of recycling plastic waste.
D. The objective of recycling plastic waste.
14. What is advised to solve the plastic pollution in the text？ ______
A. Advancing recycling technology.
B. Making some stricter relevant laws.
C. Setting higher environmental goals.
D. Reducing the use of plastic products.
15. Which can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. A company contributes to recycling.
B. Recycling fails to solve plastic pollution.
C. Great changes happen in recycling plastic.
D. Plastic pollution is increasingly worsening.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Studying is important for numerous reasons，and getting good marks is not the primary one.When it comes to studying chemistry，many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored.（1） ______
Believe it or not，chemistry is part of our everyday life.We encounter numerous principles of chemistry without even realizing it.（2） ______ Whenever you eat，drink，or even breathe air，certain chemical reactions occur in your body.And without chemistry，we would not be able to explain how these processes work.
（ 3） ______ Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions.Whether you are heating food，or mixing different ingredients（原料） together，you are observing various physical and chemical processes.Therefore，studying chemistry allows you to better understand how chemical processes work as you cook food，enabling your cooking skills to the next level.
Product labels（标签） tell you everything you need to know.The part of the label that lists the ingredients is probably what you should be paying most attention to.But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not？（4） ______ By studying chemistry，you can not only read but also understand product labels of everything you may need to use in life.
While experiments are usually conducted in labs，you can also perform some fun experiments at home.（5） ______ As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals，they can act as reagents（试剂） for the reactions.There are plenty of kid-friendly experiments that you can perform using the materials you already have.
A.The answer lies in chemistry.
B.However，the truth is the opposite.
C.Cooking itself is actually all about chemistry.
D.You can know how chemicals work as you cook it.
E.Many daily events are results of chemical reactions.
F.You may not realize how many chemicals you know.
G.And you do not even need special chemicals for that.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
I'm feeling pretty good right now，despite the fact that I suffered from dementia（痴呆）two years ago.I've always been （1） ______ and this quality has benefited me a lot.
I joined the police force in 1978 when there were very few women in that （2） ______ .I had been working hard to （3） ______ that I was no worse than a man.That accounted for why it was difficult for me to （4） ______ when my health changed.
I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s，which （5） ______ memory problems.I still tried to work part-time，but I kept having （6） ______ blanks about important things.There was a morning when I had to sit on my bed for 15 minutes as I just couldn't remember how to get dressed.（7） ______ ，I was diagnosed（诊断） with dementia later in 2017.Hearing the news，I （8） ______ and cried for almost three months.It felt like a death sentence.
Thinking back，this indicates exactly the way we used to talk about dementia.People （9） ______ to think that when you have dementia，you become a person unable to （10） ______ ，sitting silent in a corner.Actually，this just isn't the（11） ______ .Changing the way people think about dementia is something that I'm （12） ______ in.
I feel the only way that we can change the（13） ______ opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.People are always （14） ______ when I tell them I have dementia and（15） ______ when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events.
21. A. generous B. active C. selfless D. witty
22. A. profession B. program C. interaction D. campaign
23. A. realize B. complain C. inform D. prove
24. A. disturb B. blame C. adjust D. control
25. A. caused B. solved C. ignored D. encountered
26. A. contrast B. knowledge C. sample D. memory
27. A. In fact B. For example
C. Worse still D. Most importantly
28. A. gave in B. broke down C. came up D. set off
29. A. guarantee B. promise C. pretend D. tend
30. A. chat B. operate C. drink D. float
31. A. excuse B. solution C. case D. point
32. A. experienced B. disappointed C. concerned D. engaged
33. A. genuine B. negative C. innovative D. distinct
34. A. shocked B. disappointed C. excited D. puzzled
35. A. frequently B. constantly C. especially D. normally
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Food wasting is still on the increase worldwide currently.In the United States alone，grocery stores throw away（1） ______ （ billion） of pounds of food every year.Sometimes it's be-cause the food is nearing its sell-by date，even though that doesn't mean it can't be eaten.Other times，it's（2） ______ （ simple） because the food is strange- looking，even though the food is in good condition.Whatever the reason is，there is more and more food waste in landfills，contributing greatly （3） ______ the production of greenhouse gases.
In early 2016 in France，a law was passed to prevent food from （4） ______ （throw） away by large grocery stores，as long as the food is still safe to eat.French stores can choose to donate it to charities such as food banks.The law makes （5） ______ much easier for stores to donate their food since grocery stores（6） ______ （ large） than 4，300 square feet must sign contracts with food banks.Grocery stores（7） ______ don't follow the law must pay a heavy fine up to almost 4，000 dollars.This is a major step in helping reduce food waste and dealing with （8） ______ （hungry） as well.
The law doesn't stop there.In addition，it requires that French schools teach children about food waste and what they can do to help fix the problems （9） ______ （bring） about by food waste.
France was the first country in the world to pass a law like this，and since 2016，it （10） ______ （ become）a world leader in reducing food waste.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 你校英文报正在举行主题为"How I Got Through My Hard Time"的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
（1）你的困境；
（2）你摆脱困境的方法。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How I Got Through My Hard Time
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day，Gina received a smartphone.But she didn't know how to use it.So Gina went to her daughter's house to ask her grandson，Josh，for help.
When seeing Josh，Gina asked him for help."Sorry，Grandma.I have to leave for base-ball now，"Josh answered from the sofa，his eyes locked on his own phone.Then he stood up，took his baseball bag，and left.Over the next few days，Gina went to see Josh several times.However，Josh always had something to do，giving excuses such as going to the movies.
Gina finally understood Josh actually didn't want to help her.She stopped asking him.She turned to some friends for help.Before long，she learned how to use her phone to read stories，communicate with friends，etc.
Later，on a Monday evening，Gina visited her daughter，Oona.They happily talked when Josh was making dinner.Suddenly，they heard Josh crying out.Oona rushed towards the kitchen.Gina followed and found Josh's hands burned by hot water by accident."Mom，I think we need to go to the hospital，"Oona said："Yes，I'll drive，"Gina said.
At last，the doctor said Josh would be fine after a few days，but his hands would be band-aged（用绷带包扎）.Josh was also advised not to go to school for some days so he could rest and get better soon.Oona asked Josh's best friend to tell him his homework.
On Wednesday，Josh was alone at home.His grandma came to help make lunch for him，because he couldn't use his hands.While Gina was cooking，Josh wanted to check his home-work.His friend had sent his homework assignment to his phone through emails and text messages.But Josh couldn't operate his phone.He realized he had to ask his grandma to help him out.
And he suddenly remembered he had refused to help his grandma when she asked for help with her phone.He was regretful and afraid she wouldn't help him.But he decided to have a try.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"Grandma，"he finally said，standing before the kitchen.
Then，Gina sent Josh's homework assignment to his computer.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、A、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据What Happens at La Tomatina部分第二段The authorities seem more concerned with cleaning the town that is a mess than cleaning the visitors，so some people find water at the Buñol River to wash themselves.（当局似乎更关心的是清洁这个一团糟的城镇，而不是清洁游客，所以一些人在布尼奥尔河找到水来清洗自己。）可知参与者在La Tomatina应该清洗自己。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据The Rules of La Tomatina部分 ●Don't bring bottles or hard objects as they can cause accidents and hurt other participants.（●不要携带瓶子或硬物，因为它们可能会导致事故并伤害其他参与者。）可知节日期间禁止使用坚硬物体。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据Warning部分Remember that you must have a ticket!No ticket，no entry.For more information about the official entry tickets，click here!（记住你必须有票！没有门票，就没有入场券。有关正式入场券的更多信息，请点击此处！）可知对于一个人来说，参加西红柿大战必须要获得活动入场券。故选 C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了La Tomatina这一食物大战节，这一节日也是世界上最大的食物大战节。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、B、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段But that doesn't stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour，33，000 feet above the ground.（但当他们以每小时500英里的速度在离地面33000英尺的高空飞行时，这并不能阻止许多人的恐慌。）可知，有些人在飞机上感到害怕是因为速度和高度让他们感到无助。故选D项。
（2）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. （弗洛伊德平静地解释了那是什么声音，说那是正常的。）可推知，该妇女是因为听到飞机上的噪音而产生"担忧"，所以划线词distress是"担忧"的意思。A.Anger.生气；B.Worry.担忧；C.Surprise.惊讶；D.Sorrow.痛苦。故选B项。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章第三段As the woman began to calm down a bit，Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand.He told her she was safe.He made her feel safe.He sat with her through the entire flight.（当那个女人开始平静下来时，弗洛伊德在她旁边的过道上坐下，握着她的手。他告诉她她很安全。他让她感到安全。他全程陪伴着她。）可推知，弗洛伊德是一个有耐心和体贴的人。A.Brave and sympathetic.勇敢又有同情心的；B.Ambitious and determined.雄心勃勃，意志坚定的；C.Patient and considerate.耐心体贴的；D.Sensitive and modest.敏感又谦虚的。故选C项。
（4）标题归纳题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们，所以A选项"克服恐惧有时需要一个有耐心的朋友"适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句The authors wrote that unlike previous studies，they didn't need to train the AI models to create these images.（作者写道，与之前的研究不同，他们不需要训练人工智能模型来创建这些图像。）可知，研究人员在之前的研究中通过训练人工智能模型来制作大脑活动的图像。A．By using generation model.通过使用世代模型；B．By training AI models.通过训练人工智能模型；C．By reconstructing mind.通过改造心智；D．By predicting people's imagination.通过预测人们的想象力。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation，which is a model of the image's data，from fMRI （功能性磁共振成像） signals.（研究人员表示，他们首先从功能磁共振成像信号中预测了一种潜在的表征，即图像数据的模型。）可知，图像数据来源于功能磁共振成像信号。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion （扩散） image generation model.（研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。）可知，研究人员认为他们的新研究是有意义的是因为他们可以从大脑活动中重建准确的图像。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段In a January 2022 study，researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1，050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images.The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction.In the latest study，the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.（在2022年1月的一项研究中，荷兰内梅亨大学的研究人员用1050张独特面孔的功能磁共振成像数据训练了一个人工智能网络，并将大脑成像结果转化为实际图像。研究发现，人工智能能够进行重建。在最新的研究中，研究人员发现目前的扩散模型现在可以实现高质量的视觉重建。）可知，从最后一段中可以推断出人工智能为良好的视觉重建做出了很大贡献。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，通过使用流行的稳定扩散图像生成模型，他们可以从大脑活动中重建出高度精确的图像。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】C、B、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段中This pigment troubles the sorting technology which is used by many recycling facilities，so black plastic usually ends up being thrown away because the machines can't identify it. （这种颜料困扰着许多回收设施使用的分拣技术，因此黑色塑料通常最终会被扔掉，因为机器无法识别它。）可知，因为机器无法识别黑色塑料，很难将它们定义为"可回收的"，所以最终会被扔掉。故选C项。
（2）段落大意题。根据文章第三段But that doesn't mean the problem is solved，for the recycling rate at the waste facility it- self is not encouraging.Your discarded plastic may end up in a landfill even if you send it to be recycled.Worldwide，only about nine percent of all the plastic waste has been recycled，which amounts to less than 600 million tons out of over 6 billion.While one might assume the pro- portion of plastic being recycled is on the increase due to improved tech and increased public awareness of environmental protection，it's actually become even lower in many places in recent years. （但这并不意味着问题已经解决，因为废物设施的回收率本身并不令人鼓舞。即使您将其送去回收，您丢弃的塑料也可能最终进入垃圾填埋场。在世界范围内，只有约9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用，在60多亿件塑料垃圾中，只有不到6亿吨。虽然人们可能会认为，由于技术的改进和公众环保意识的提高，塑料被回收的有利部分正在增加，但近年来在许多地方，塑料回收率实际上甚至更低。）可知，第三段作者主要强调塑料废弃物回收利用的结果，即塑料产品回收率低，回收成果不大。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The solution is obvious.To get out of this habit，we should stop using so much plastic，starting with many of the items we use just once for a few minutes.Companies need to shift toward using more refillable and reusable containers，and packaging made from materials that are less harmful to the environment.Governments must mandate（强制执行）such changes a goal we're now finally inching closer to every day.（ 解决方案是显而易见的。为了摆脱这种习惯，我们应该停止使用太多的塑料，从我们只使用一次几分钟的许多物品开始。公司需要转向使用更多可再填充和可重复使用的容器，以及由对环境危害较小的材料制成的包装。政府必须强制这种变化，这是我们现在每天都在接近的目标。）可知，解决塑料污染问题的关键是人们尽可能少使用塑料产品。故选D项。
（4）标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题，文章提出了相应的解决办法。B项"回收利用不能解决塑料污染问题"适合做文章标题。A．A company contributes to recycling.一家公司致力于回收利用；B．Recycling fails to solve plastic pollution.回收利用不能解决塑料污染问题；C．Great changes happen in recycling plastic.塑料回收发生了巨大的变化；D．Plastic pollution is increasingly worsening.塑料污染日益恶化。故选B项。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了回收塑料产品并不能从根本上解决塑料污染问题，文章提出了相应的解决办法。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
16~20.【答案】B、E、C、A、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前文When it comes to studying chemistry，many students consider the field is not important enough to be explored（当谈到学习化学时，许多学生认为这个领域不够重要，不值得探索），以及后文Believe it or not，chemistry is part of our everyday life（信不信由你，化学是我们日常生活的一部分）可知表示"然而，事实恰恰相反"的选项B可以承接上下文的转折关系，介绍化学的重要性，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据后文Whenever you eat，drink，or even breathe air，certain chemical reactions occur in your body（无论何时你吃、喝，甚至呼吸空气，你的身体都会发生某些化学反应），可知表示"许多日常事件都是化学反应的结果"的选项E可以和后句语境一致，介绍化学反应和我们息息相关，故选E。
（3）主题判断题。根据后文Different tasks you complete when cooking involve various chemical reactions.Whether you are heating food，or mixing different ingredients（原料） together，you are observing various physical and chemical processes（烹饪时完成的不同任务涉及各种化学反应。无论是加热食物，还是混合不同的原料在一起，你都会观察到各种物理和化学过程），可知表示"烹饪本身实际上就是关于化学的"的选项C可以作为本段的主题，介绍烹饪和化学的关系，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文But how do you know which ingredients are good and which not（但你如何知道哪些成分好，哪些不好），可知表示"答案在于化学"的选项A可以承接上文，介绍化学在产品标签上的作用，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据后文As many of the household products you already own are made of certain chemicals，they can act as reagents（试剂） for the reactions（你已经拥有的许多家用产品都是由某些化学物质制成的，它们可以作为试剂），可知表示"你甚至不需要特殊的化学物质"的选项G可以和后文构成因果关系，介绍在家做实验也很方便，故选G。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了化学和我们生活密切的关系。
做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、A、D、A、A、D、C、B、D、A、C、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.generous大方的；B.active积极的；C.selfless无私的；D.witty风趣的。根据后文I had been working hard to （3）that I was no worse than a man.可知我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。说明我非常积极。故答案为B。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.profession职业；B.program节目；C.interaction互动；D.campaign运动。根据上句I joined the police force in 1978可知我于1978年加入警察队伍，当时从事这一职业的女性很少。故答案为A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.realize意识到；B.complain抱怨；C.inform告知；D.prove证明是。根据下句I was no worse than a man.可知我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.disturb打扰；B.blame指责；C.adjust适应；D.control控制。根据上句I had been working hard to （3）that I was no worse than a man.（我一直在努力证明我不比男人差。）可知当我的健康状况发生变化时，我很难去打扰。故答案为A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.caused导致；B.solved解决；C.ignored忽略；D.encountered遇到。根据上句I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s可知我50多岁的时候中风过三次，导致记忆出现问题。故答案为A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.contrast比较；B.knowledge知识；C.sample例子；D.memory记忆。根据上句I had three strokes（中风） in my 50s，which （5）memory problems（我50多岁的时候中风过三次，导致记忆出现问题。）可知我一直对重要的事情记忆空白。故答案为D。
（7）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.In fact事实上；B.For example例如；C.Worse still更糟糕的是；D.Most importantly最重要的是。根据下句I was diagnosed（诊断） with dementia later in 2017可知2017年晚些时候，我被诊断出患有痴呆症。说明这是非常糟糕的事情。故答案为C。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.gave in屈服；B.broke down坏了，崩溃了；C.came up出现；D.set off出发。根据下句cried for almost three months.It felt like a death sentence.可知哭了快三个月。感觉就像被判了死刑。说明听到这个消息，我崩溃了，故答案为B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.guarantee确保；B.promise许诺；C.pretend假装；D.tend倾向于。根据常识可知人们往往认为，当你患有痴呆症时，你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。tend to do sth倾向于做某事。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.chat聊天；B.operate操作；C.drink喝水；D.float漂流。根据下句sitting silent in a corner可知你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。故答案为A。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.excuse借口；B.solution解决方法；C.case状况；D.point意义。根据后文I feel the only way that we can change the（13）opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.可知我觉得我们能改变对痴呆症的负面看法的唯一方法是受这种情况影响的人说出来，我做到了。说明我想改变这种状况。故答案为C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.experienced经历；B.disappointed使失望；C.concerned关心；D.engaged从事。根据后文I feel the only way that we can change the（13）opinion about dementia is that people affected by the condition speak out，and I made it.可知我觉得我们能改变对痴呆症的负面看法的唯一方法是受这种情况影响的人说出来，我做到了。说明我致力于改变人们对痴呆症的看法。be engaged in忙于做某事。故答案为D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.genuine真诚的；B.negative否定的，负面的；C.innovative创新的；D.distinct有区别的。根据前文People （9）to think that when you have dementia，you become a person unable to （10），sitting silent in a corner.（人们往往认为，当你患有痴呆症时，你会变成一个无法聊天的人，沉默地坐在角落里。）可知人们对痴呆症有负面看法。故答案为B。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.shocked惊讶的；B.disappointed失望的；C.excited兴奋的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据下句when I tell them I have dementia and（15）when they see me lead a positive life and even give talks at events.可知当我告诉人们我患有痴呆症时，他们总是感到震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。故答案为A。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.frequently频繁地；B.constantly持续地；C.especially尤其；D.normally正常地。当我告诉人们我患有痴呆症时，他们总是感到震惊，尤其是当他们看到我过着积极的生活，甚至在活动中发表演讲时。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者虽然得了痴呆症，但是通过自己的努力，改变了人们对痴呆症的负面看法。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】billions
【小题2】simply
【小题3】to
【小题4】being thrown
【小题5】it
【小题6】larger
【小题7】that/which
【小题8】hunger
【小题9】brought
【小题10】has become
【解析】（1）考查固定短语。句意：仅在美国，杂货店每年就扔掉数十亿磅的食物。billions of表示"数十亿的"，符合句意，故填billions。
（2）考查副词。句意：其他时候，这只是因为食物看起来很奇怪，尽管食物状况很好。此处用副词作状语修饰because the food is strange- looking，故填simply。
（3）考查介词。句意：无论是什么原因，垃圾填埋场中的食物垃圾越来越多，极大地助长了温室气体的产生。contribute to表示"导致"，符合句意，故填to。
（4）考查动名词及被动语态。句意：2016年初，法国通过了一项法律，防止大型杂货店丢弃食物。此处用动名词作介词from的宾语，且food与throw之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态，故填being thrown。
（5）考查形式宾语。句意：由于4300平方英尺以上的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，这项法律使商店更容易捐赠食品。此处用it作形式宾语，动词不定式to donate作真正的宾语，故填it。
（6）考查比较级。句意：由于4300平方英尺以上的杂货店必须与食品银行签订合同，这项法律使商店更容易捐赠食品。结合句意和than可知，此处用比较级，故填larger。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：不遵守法律的杂货店必须支付高达4000美元的巨额罚款。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Grocery stores，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：这是在帮助减少食物浪费和应对饥饿方面迈出的重要一步。此处用名词作介词with的宾语，表示"饥饿"，为不可数名词，故填hunger。
（9）考查过去分词。句意：此外，它要求法国学校向孩子们传授食物浪费的知识，以及他们可以做些什么来帮助解决食物浪费带来的问题。句中已有谓语动词teach，此处为非谓语动词作定语，problems与bring之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填brought。
（10）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：法国是世界上第一个通过此类法律的国家，自2016年以来，它已成为减少食物浪费的世界领导者。时间状语为since 2016，句子用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has，故填has become。
本文为说明文，主要介绍了法国通过了一项法律，防止大型杂货店丢弃食物。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】How I Got Through My Hard Time As a famous saying goes，"Life is not a bed of roses."We will inevitably get caught in hardship in our life.And I am no exception.（话题）
As far as I remembered，there was a time when I had a hard time in learning physics，which depressed me for quite a while.【高分句型一】（你的困境）Instead of giving it up，I refreshed myself and struggled to find a way out.To start with，I adjusted myself to living with the problem，and then more time and energy were devoted to repeatedly thinking and doing exercises.In addition，I tried to seek help from my teacher and classmates.Last but not least，I poured out my problem to my parents，from whom I got emotional support.【高分句型二】（你摆脱困境的方法）
Eventually，all my efforts paid off and I made great progress in my physics.Face adversity positively，and we will be rewarded.（总结）
【解析】高分句型一：As far as I remembered，there was a time when I had a hard time in learning physics，which depressed me for quite a while.
译文：据我记忆所及，有一段时间我在学习物理时遇到了困难，这让我沮丧了很长一段时间。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的定语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Last but not least，I poured out my problem to my parents，from whom I got emotional support.
译文：最后但同样重要的是，我向父母倾诉了我的问题，他们给了我情感上的支持。
分析：这句话使用了from whom引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】"Grandma，" he finally said，standing before the kitchen.Gina turned around，looking at him expectantly.（高分句型一） "Can you check my emails？" Josh asked. "Oh，" Gina hesitated.Josh lowered his head，guessing she'd refuse.But Gina cleaned her hands and walked towards him，smiling， "Sure.You need to get your homework，right？Let me see." Gina picked up Josh's phone and started searching around.She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.（高分句型二）（描写奶奶接受乔希的求助。）
Then，Gina sent Josh's homework assignment to his computer.Before long，they started working together to complete Josh's homework.They ate sandwiches during the process，and their afternoon passed rapidly.When they were done，Josh looked at his grandma regretfully.He thanked her and then apologized for his previous behavior.Gina looked at him with love，patted his head and forgave him.After that day，Josh never refused when she asked for help.He learned to respect and love his grandma，instead of being selfish.（描写乔希感谢奶奶的帮助，并对以前的行为表示歉意。）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述的是奶奶吉娜和孙子乔希互相求助的故事。吉娜不会使用智能手机，向孙子乔希求助，而乔希要去打棒球，拒绝了请求。后来乔希烫伤，吉娜照顾，乔希收到朋友发来的邮件和作业，需要求助奶奶，但他觉得曾经拒绝过奶奶，不好意思求助。从这件事上，他学会了尊重和爱他的奶奶，而不是自私。
高分句型一 Gina turned around，looking at him expectantly.
翻译：吉娜转过身来，满怀期待地看着他。
分析：句中使用了现在分词短语looking at him expectantly作状语。
高分句型二 She went to his email app and downloaded everything he needed to complete his homework.
翻译：她访问了他的电子邮件应用程序，下载了他完成家庭作业所需的一切。
分析：句中使用了省略关系代词的定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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