Unit3 Sports and Fitness——【期末复习】高一英语知识点梳理 检测学案（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修Book 1 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness

必备知识基础检测（答案）

一、词汇知识检测

I、写作词汇知其形[注意英译汉]

1. host vt. 主办；主持 n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人

2. honour n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

3. medal n. 奖章；勋章

4. injury n. 伤害；损伤

5. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮

6. cheat vi. 作弊；舞弊 vt. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段；骗子

7. slim adj. 苗条的；单薄的

8. fitness n. 健康；健壮；适合

9. rather adv. 相当；有点儿

10. diet n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi. 节食

II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]

1. athlete n. 运动员；运动健儿→athletic adj. 运动的；运动员的；体格健壮的；行动敏捷的

2. champion n. 冠军；优胜者→ championship n. 锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号

3. strength n. 力量；体力→strengthen v. 加强；巩固→strong adj. 强壮的

4. failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v. 失败；不及格

5. determination n. 决心；决定→determine v. (使)下决心；(使)做出决定→ determined adj. 有决心的；坚定的；坚决的

6. compete vi. 竞争；对抗→competition n. 竞争； 比赛→competitor n. 竞争者；对手→competitive adj. 有竞争力的；竞争的；竞争性的

7. million num. 一百万→millionaire n. 百万富翁；大富翁

8. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安→stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的→stressed adj. 有压力的

9. glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美→glorious adj. 光荣的

10. positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→positively adv. 乐观地；积极地；肯定地

11. injure vt. 使受伤；损害→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的→injury n. 伤害；损伤

III、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]

1. soccer n. 足球；足球运动　　　　　　　　　

2. stadium n. 体育场；运动场

3. boxing n. 拳击(运动) 

4. badminton n. 羽毛球运动

5. marathon n.  马拉松赛跑 

6. event n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动

7. ski adj. 滑雪的　vi. 滑雪 

8. track n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道　vt. & vi. 追踪；跟踪

9. gym n. 健身房；体育馆 

10. gymnastics n. 体操(训练)

11. sweat vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿　vi. 出汗；流汗　n. 汗水；出汗

12. legend n. 传奇故事(或人物)；传说 

13. master n. 高手；主人　vt. 精通；掌握

14. apart adv. 分离；分开；成碎片 

15. captain n. (运动队)队长；船长；机长

16. graceful adj. 优美的；优雅的 

17. audience n. 观众；听众

18. push­up n. 俯卧撑 

19. jog vi. 慢跑　n. 慢跑

20. error n. 错误；差错 

21. glory n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美

IV、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]

1. work out 锻炼；计算出；解决

2. make it 获得成功；准时到达

3. set an example树立榜样

4. give up 放弃；投降

5. even if/though 即使；虽然

6. fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃

7. lose heart丧失信心；泄气

8. rather than而不是

9. now and then 有时；偶尔

10. come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快

11. make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

12. compare ... with/to ... 与……比较

13. make a difference 有作用或影响

V、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]

1. injure vt. 使受伤；损害

单句语法填空

①(2019·天津卷)A war injury (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.

②(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.

句式升级

(普通表达)My left foot was seriously injured, so I can't go with you as planned.

③(高级表达)With my left foot seriously injured,I can't go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)

2. strength n. 力量；体力

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.

②To make members of the team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (strong) and weaknesses.

③The new manager has strengthened (strength) the side by bringing in several younger players recently.

④Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do (do) the most difficult thing in my life.

完成句子

加强意志力(willpower)的最好方法就是把它变成一种习惯。

⑤The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.

(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质， 还能培养一个人的品性。

⑥Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up one's strength,but also develop one's character.

3. compete vi. 竞争；对抗

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements.

②Life is like a long race where we compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.

③There is now intense competition(compete) between schools to attract students.

④(北京卷)I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors (compete).

⑤Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.

完成句子

(天津卷)我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。

⑥We can compete with students from other schools in debate contests or speech contests.

4. pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮

单句语法填空

①(浙江卷)He would ask who we were and pretend not to know (know) us.

②(2019·天津卷)So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading (read).

③When her mother came in, she pretended to have fallen (fall) asleep.

④(浙江卷)I had been lying to myself, pretending (pretend) that everything was fine.

一句多译

我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很难过。

⑤She pretended she didn't know me when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句)

⑥She pretended not to know me when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)

5. stress n. 压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi. 焦虑不安

单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.

②(全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed(stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.

③(江苏卷)It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.

④(牛津词典)Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.

一句多译

老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。

⑤Teachers often stress the importance of diligence in the approach to success. (stress v. )

⑥Teachers often lay/put/place stress on diligence in the approach to success. (stress n. )

6. determination n. 决心；决定

单句语法填空

①(2020·江苏卷)He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines (determine) our lives — it's what we make of what happens.

②(2019·天津卷)Driven by heaven­knows­what motives, he determines to write (write) a book.

③Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination (determine) to push further and keep on going.

④(2018·天津卷)She was a brave and determined (determine) girl with rich imagination.

⑤(江苏卷)Determining (determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

句式升级

(普通表达)(天津卷)I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.

⑥(高级表达)I am determined/make up my mind to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it.

⑦(高级表达)Determined/Making up my mind to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语)

7. make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

单句语法填空

①(2018·浙江卷)His strange habit makes (make) sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.

②There is no sense in complaining (complain). We should take action now.

③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.

词汇升级

(普通表达) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.

④(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all.

8. make a difference有作用或影响

单句语法填空

①(北京卷)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference (differ) in the world.

②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.

词汇升级

(普通表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviours will work.

③(高级表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviours will make a difference.

9. compare ... with/to ... 与……比较

单句语法填空

①Compared (compare) with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.

②Comparing Chinese cultures to/with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it.

一句多译

比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。

③Compare the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句)

④Comparing the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice.(分词作状语)

VI、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]

1. rather than 连接两个并列成分

单句语法填空

①(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems rather than running (run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.

②Rather than discuss (discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer to focus (focus) on the impact of the heavy snow.

③Mary, rather than you, is (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.

完成句子

我在星期五晚上很晚见到了他，更确切地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。

④I met him very late on Friday night, or rather,early Saturday morning.

除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？

⑤Does anybody other than yourself know this?

2. who引导的定语从句

我们都尊敬这位为世界做出了巨大贡献的著名科学家。

We all respect the famous scientist who has made great contributions to the world.

3. by＋doing

通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病，我们中国人民最终战胜了它。

By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease,our Chinese people finally defeated it.

二、语法知识检测

Ⅰ.用恰当的附加疑问句填空

1．The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing, weren't they?

2．Let's ask him his opinion about it, shall we?

3．Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college, didn't he?

4．You have a new bike, haven't you/don't you?

5．She doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she?

6．Let us go out for a rest, will you?

7．Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?

8．Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't he/they?

Ⅱ.用恰当的附加疑问句补全下面的对话

Tom: There is a table tennis game in the stadium this afternoon, isn't there?

Mike: Yes. It will be an exciting game, won't it?

Tom: I hear that the champion last year will compete against a player from our school. That will be really interesting, won't that?

Mike: Yes. Let's go to see the game, shall we?

Tom: Great idea. When shall we meet?

Mike: I'd like to meet you at the school gate at two in the afternoon. You can come by bike, can't you?

Tom: No. My bike has to be repaired, so I have to go there by bus. Why don't we meet in front of the stadium?

Mike: That's settled.

三、语篇知识检测

假定你是李华，因为常吃零食并且整日坐着变得很胖。为了变得苗条健康，你开始改变饮食习惯并锻炼。现在你变得健康并快乐。请写一篇文章介绍你的变化经历。

注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局

第二步：核心词汇　想周全

1．熬夜  stay up

2．变得健康  become healthy

3．富含脂肪  be rich in fats

4．去慢跑  go jogging

第三步：由词及句　雏形现

1．我过去经常吃零食和熬夜，所以我很胖，经常感到累。

I used to eat snacks and stay up late so I was fat and often felt tired.

2．为了变得健康和苗条，我决定改变。

To become healthy and slim, I decided to change.

3．我尽量在午餐和晚餐时吃更健康的食物，避免吃那些富含脂肪的食物。(定语从句)

I tried to eat more healthy food for lunch and dinner, and avoided those food that were rich in fats.

4．我每天按时起床，慢跑30分钟。(主谓)

I get up at regular time and go jogging for 30 minutes.

5．我也变得更快乐，自我感觉更好。(主系表)

I become much happier and feel better about myself too.

6．这让我更有信心结交新朋友，尝试新事物。

This has made me more confident to make new friends and try new things.

第四步：扩展升级　造亮点

1．在句4前加介词短语“而不是在周末睡懒觉”。

Instead of sleeping late on weekends, I get up at regular time and go jogging for 30 minutes.

2．在句5前加原因状语从句“因此我变得更健康”。

Because I become healthier, I become much happier and feel better about myself too.

第五步：合理过渡　完美卷面

利用适当的过渡衔接词语如firstly, what's more等连句成文

答案

I used to eat snacks and stay up late so I was fat and often felt tired.

To become healthy and slim, I decided to change. Firstly, I tried to eat more healthy food for lunch and dinner, and avoided those foods that were rich in fats. What's more, instead of sleeping late on weekends, I get up at regular time and go jogging for 30 minutes.

Now, because I become healthier, I become much happier and feel better about myself too. This has made me more confident to make new friends and try new things.