Unit 3　Environmental Protection——【期末复习】高二英语单元知识点梳理+检测学案（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

选必修 Book 6  Unit 3　Environmental Protection

必备知识基础检测（答案）

一、词汇知识检测

Ⅰ、写作词汇知其形

1．emission_n.  排放物；散发物；排放

2．starve_ v.  挨饿

3．release_ v.  排放；释放

4．ecology_ n.  生态；生态学

5．comprehensive_ adj.  全部的；所有的；详尽的

6．carbon  n.  碳

7．campaign vt.& vi.  参加运动；领导运动n.  运动；战役

8．submit vt.&vi.  提交；呈递；屈服

9．annual adj.  每年的；一年的n.  年刊；年鉴

10．_restore v.  恢复；使复原；修复

11．reform vi. & vt.  改革；(使)改正；改造n.  改革；变革；改良

12．fuel n.  燃料；刺激性言行

13．broadcast vt.&vi.  播送；广播；传播n.  广播节目；电视节目

14．frequently adv.  频繁地

15．enterprise n.  公司

Ⅱ、语法词汇知其变

1．inspect v．检查；视察→ inspection n. 检查→ inspector n. 检查员

2．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护→conservationist n．环境保护主义者

3．originate v．起源→origin n. 起源；出身→original adj.最初的

4．sustain v. 维持；保持→sustainable_ adj.可持续的

5．restrict v. 限制→ restriction n．限制

6．harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmony n．和谐

7．tolerate v．容忍→ tolerance n．容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的

8．submit v．提交；屈服 →_submission_ n．递交；屈服

9．regulation n. 规则；限制→regulate v. 限制

10．ecology n．生态→ecological adj.生态的→ ecologist n．生态学家

Ⅲ、阅读词汇知其意

1．graph n． 图；图表；曲线图                 

2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放                       

3．dioxide n．二氧化物            

4．habitable adj．适合居住的              

5．fossil n．化石        

6．worldwide adv．遍及全球地             

adj．世界各地的；影响全世界的                           

7．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积                                 

8．undergo vt．经历；经受(变化、不快等)                            

9．implement vt．使生效；贯彻；执行                      

10．moderate adj．适度的；中等的；温和的                            

vi．& vt．缓和；使适中                

11．tropical adj．热带的；来自热带的                      

12．originate vi．& vt．起源；发源；创立                    

13．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理                    

14．comprehensive adj．全部的；所有的；详尽的                         

15．basin n．流域；盆地；盆                  

16．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱

Ⅳ、重点短语知搭配

1．be shocked by   因为……感到震惊

2．according to　   根据

3．have an impact on   对……有影响

4．refer to   查阅；提及；指的是

5．be trapped in　   被困在……

6．lead to   导致

7．result in   导致

8．carry out　   实行；执行

9．in effect  在实施中；有效；实际上； 事实上

10．a tourist destination  旅游胜地

Ⅴ、核心单词知用法

1．seize v. 抓住；夺取；控制

单句语法填空

①收到朋友和亲人的督促，我决定抓住这个机会。

Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity.

②简很快地理解了老板在会上说的意思。

Jane was quick to seize the meaning of what the boss said at the meeting.

③由于好奇，她毫不犹豫地打开了盒子。

Seized with curiosity, she opened the box without any hesitation.

【佳句背诵】

In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing opportunities can one succeed.

在我看来，一个人只有勇敢地面对困难并抓住机会才能成功。

2．sustain v．维持；遭受；承受住

单句语法填空

①如今，可持续发展是很多国家的潮流。

Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.

②这点食物都不够我们维持一个星期的。

This small amount of food will not sustain us even for a week.

③他没能将学习法语的热情一直保持下去。

He couldn't sustain his enthusiasm for studying French.

【佳句背诵】

The branch couldn't sustain the weight of snow and it broke.

树枝无法承受雪的重量而折断了。

3．regulation n．规则；规章；法规

单句语法填空

①应公众的请求，新的交通规则做出了一点改变。

At the public's request，the new traffic regulation has been changed slightly.

②由于针对醉驾的严格的法规，事故的数量下降了很多。

Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving，the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased.

③根据制度，所有进入博物馆的人都持票进入。

According to the regulations here, no one can be admitted to the museum without a ticket.

4．tolerate v. 容忍；忍受

单句语法填空

①When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance (tolerate)．

②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.

③I can't tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.

【佳句背诵】

Learning how to tolerate others' mistakes is a must if you want to get along well with them.

如果你想和别人友好相处，学会宽容别人的错误是必需的。

5．conservation n．保护

单句语法填空

①We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation .(conserve)

②Ecotourism is a type of tourism that _conserves (conserve) the environment.

③We students should make it a rule to _preserve (保护) our eyesight.

【佳句背诵】

We should attach great importance to the conservation of water in our daily lives.

我们应该重视在我们日常生活中保护水资源。

6．be shocked by因为……感到震惊

单句语法填空

①They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking (shock) many people.

②The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked_ (shock)．

③We were shocked at the _shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)

【佳句背诵】

If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.

如果你在一个风俗与你当地完全不同的地方旅游，你可能会感到文化冲击。

7．take action采取措施做某事

一句多译

是时候我们应该采取措施阻止空气被污染了。

① It's high time that we should take action/measures /steps to prevent the air from being polluted.

②_It's high time that measures /steps/ action were/was taken to prevent the air from being polluted.

8．carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)

单句语法填空

①You'll have an accident if you carry on driving (drive) like that.

②First of all，the most significant thing is to set a goal，work out a plan and carry out

 your plan step by step.

③I hate it when she calls me at work－I'm always too busy to carry on  a conversation with her.

【佳句背诵】

If you carry on doing like that, you will break down sooner or later.

如果你继续那样做的话，你迟早会崩溃的。

Ⅵ、经典句式会运用

1. 定语从句

语法填空

The website ①that/which you have recommended to me(你向我推荐的) is very beneficial to my English study. It has abundant reading materials ②that/which I need most (我最需要的), ③which greatly broadens my horizons (这极大地拓宽了我的视野)．Now I have become more interested in English. Besides, I've made many new friends, ④with whom I exchange a lot about school life, cultures, science and so on(和他们交流学校生活，文化科学等等). Now I can express myself much better than ever. The reason ⑤why I have made rapid progress(我取得进步的原因) in English study is because of your kindness and consideration. I owe all my achievements to you. I'm looking forward to more advice from you!

2. 现在分词作定语。

单句语法填空

①We are invited to a party to be held (hold) in our club next Friday.

②He is always the first to arrive (arrive)at the school and the last to leave (leave) the school.

③Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

【佳句背诵】

The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.

公园里人山人海，他们都在享受阳光。

Ⅵ、话题作文会挑战

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.

Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”

Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case­by­case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.

Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they're involved in. (要点四)