Unit 4　Adversity and Courage ——【期末复习】高二英语单元知识点梳理+检测学案（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

选必修 Book 6  Unit 4　Adversity and Courage

必备知识基础检测（答案）

一、词汇知识检测

Ⅰ、写作词汇知其形

1．adversity_ n.   困境

2．expedition_ n.   探险；远征

3．envy_ v.  嫉妒

4．recreation_ n.   休闲；娱乐

5．decent_ adj.  得体的

6．cosy_ adj.  温馨的

7．abandon_  v.  抛弃；放弃

8．assign_ v.  指派

9．sink_ v.  沉

10．crush v.  毁坏；压毁

11．guidance n.  指导

12．endurance n.  忍耐力

13．belongings_ n.  所有物

14．miserable_ adj.   悲惨的

Ⅱ、语法词汇知其变

1．persevere v. 坚持→_perseverance_ n．毅力

2．endurance n．忍耐力→_endure v. 忍受

3．envy v．嫉妒→envious adj. 嫉妒的

4．enthusiastic_ adj.热情的→_enthusiasm n．热情

5．commitment n．投入→commit_ v. 投入；承诺

6．resolve_ v．决定；决心→resolution n．决心；解决

7．fortunate adj. 幸运的→unfortunate　_ adj.不幸的→fortunately_ adv.幸运地

8．_cruel_ adj.残忍的→cruelty__ n. 残忍

9．_application__ n. 申请；申请表；应用→apply_ v. 申请→applicant_ n．申请者

10．qualified_ adj. 有资格的→qualification_ n．资格

Ⅲ、阅读词汇知其意

1．adversity n．　困境；逆境　　 　           

2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队                     

3．vigour n．精力；力量；活力                   

4．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员                               

5．crush vt．毁坏；压坏；压碎                   

n．拥挤的人群             

6．miserable adj．痛苦的；令人难受的                       

7．cosy adj．温馨的；舒适的 

8．bark vi．& n． (狗)吠叫；吠叫声                  

9．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠              

vi．& vt．用球板击球；挥打；拍打                         

10．damp adj．潮湿的；湿气重的                   

11．nephew n．侄子；外甥              

12．corporate adj．公司的；法人的；社团的                         

13．motor n．发动机；马达               

adj．有引擎的；机动车的                      

14．candidate n．候选人；应试者                 

Ⅳ、重点短语知搭配

1．dream of　   梦想

2．apply to_   申请

3．turn sb. down  拒绝某人

4．be enthusiastic about　   对……充满热情

5．set off_   出发；动身；使爆炸

6.  keep one's spirits up 使某人情绪高涨

7．good/bad tempered_   脾气好/不好

8．manage to do sth._   设法成功做成某事

9．give off　_   放出(光；热；气味)

10．_make fire   生火

Ⅴ、核心单词知用法

1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识或能力

单句语法填空

①She has the _qualification (qualify) for teaching English.

②他参加各种各样的测试以证明自己完全有资格接受这项重要的任务。

He took all kinds of tests to prove he was qualified for this important task.

③我认为自己符合您所列的所有要求。

I think I am qualified to meet all the requirements you listed.

【佳句背诵】

The reason why I think I am qualified for the English announcer are as follows.

我认为自己能胜任英语播音员的原因如下。

2．enthusiastic adj.热情的

单句语法填空

①If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered by their enthusiastic (enthusiasm) supporters.

②Her father had her study business in college but she told her father that she had no enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for it.

③我肯定这会使你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。

I'm sure that it will interest you，for you have been enthusiastic about ping­pong.

【佳句背诵】

Keeping enthusiasm for what you are doing is fundamental to achieving your goal.

对你所做的事情保持热情是实现目标的基础。

3．belongings n．财产；所有物；相关事物

单句语法填空

①After getting off, please check whether your _belongings (belong) are left on the drifting boat.

②As is known to us，China is a country belonging (belong) to the Third World.

【佳句背诵】

Success belongs to those who set a high aim and strive for it.

成功属于那些树立高目标并为之努力的人。

4．unfortunately adv.不幸地

单句语法填空

①_Fortunately(fortune) after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.

②Unfortunately_ (fortune), he was caught in the traffic jam and late for the meeting.

③Many young people leave their hometown to _seek their fortune (碰运气) in big cities.

【佳句背诵】

In China，children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.

在中国，过新年的时候孩子们会得到一个里面装着钱的红色信封，这能带来好运。

5．commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺；保证

单句语法填空

①_Committed_ (commit) to reforming health care, the president got a good reputation.

②His commitment (commit) to work is beyond question.

③ Smoking is _committing (commit) suicide slowly.

【佳句背诵】

You need to commit an hour reading books every day.

你要每天抽出一小时来读书。

6．make it 成功

①任何情况下都不要失去信心，坚持下去，你迟早会成功的。

In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.

②如果我们想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。

If we are to make a difference in life，it is vital that we should begin with small things.

③幸运地是，老师觉察到我的问题，告诉我小事情也能起到重要作用。

Luckily my teacher sensed my problem，telling me that every small thing can make a big difference.

【佳句背诵】

If you don't have enough time available but don't want to leave out any attractions, I suggest that you make a list of what you want to see.

如果你没有足够的时间但又不想遗漏任何景点，我建议你列出你想看的地方的清单。

7．turn into 变成

一句多译

①不论什么时候学习上遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。

Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your study.

②我经常向同学或老师求助。结果我在学习上取得很大进步。

I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made great progress in my studies.

③为了集中精力学习，她拒绝了几次演出的邀请。

She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.

【佳句背诵】

Every obstacle can be turned into an opportunity, if he has the right attitude. People with this attitude are buoyant, not easily discouraged, and welcome challenges and adversity.

如果他有正确的态度，那么每一个障碍都会变成机会。 具有这种态度的人很乐观，不容易灰心，并且迎接挑战和逆境。

8．apply to 申请

单句语法填空

①All the applicants can _apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications_ before May 6th.

②If you want to apply for membership, you are requested to fill in the application.

③She was upset to know that her _application for the position was refused.

Ⅵ、经典句式会运用

1. without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气

语法填空

①要是我弟弟在这儿，一切都会好的。

If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

②要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。

If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off.

③上个星期你为什么不把你的困难告诉我？如果你告诉我， 我会帮助你的。

Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had told me, I could have helped you

2. 动名词作主语

单句语法填空

①他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话。

What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary.

②我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。

I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.

③独居而不和他人来往没有好处。

It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.

【佳句背诵】

Therefore, please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.

因此，请花些时间简单地看看唐朝的历史。

Ⅵ、话题作文会挑战

阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Make­up Guy

Dave was a make­up (化妆) artist who regularly held makeup artistry classes at the local community college. He was well known as an excellent trainer and enjoyed great popularity.

Usually, the majority of his students were middle­aged housewives, who wanted to fine­tune their make­up skills so as to make themselves more attractive. But this time, it was beyond him that his class was attended by a man as well.

The new student was a gentleman in his best years with a seemingly boundless interest in make­up artistry. He was keen to learn as much as he possibly could and asked questions whenever and wherever possible. He was so absorbed in learning that he wouldn't stop until he was satisfied with the result of his work.

Understandably, the man was the number one subject of conversation when the other women were alone.

Speculations (猜测) quickly started to spread. Why did he learn make­up? Was he to seek for a woman to be his life partner? How about my neighbor's youngest daughter? Why on earth would he attend such a woman class? Who could it be?

Doubts like this came crowding in.

The community college was placed in a remote rural area, which was why the other participants were quite doubtful of the man's intentions.

Throughout the lessons, ignoring the curious women around him, the man carefully listened and wrote everything down he learned, leaving the women more and more curious and puzzled.

When the day and class were slowly coming to an end, the gossiping women simply could not hide their curiosity any longer, for they knew it was time to remove their doubts, otherwise ...

Finally, one of them couldn't resist her curiosity, so she picked up the courage and asked him why he was so interested in make­up artistry.

What followed was a dead silence. After what seemed a century, he slowly opened his mouth and here came the most inspiring beautiful reply.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

He said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes (糖尿病) and she was no longer able to apply her make­up. Fearing being laughed at, she locked herself in the room, abandoning herself to great grief. She was absolutely beautiful even without make­up. But what upset her was that she simply felt not comfortable leaving the home without make­up. Sensing her loneliness in a colorless world, I was at a loss as to what to do. Once informed of this class, I determined to learn make­up without hesitation, hoping to make a difference.

So he decided to take the course to surprise his wife. Without a pause, he shared his story. He mastered a wide range of practical skills, allowing him to help her take on a new look. Surely, being enveloped by an atmosphere of love, his beloved wife at present was deeply affected. “I not only want to learn how to apply her make­up but also want her to wear the most beautiful make­up so her inner beauty also shone on the outside.” he announced, “It is her smile that touches most my heart, not the make­up.”

Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they're involved in. (要点四)