【期末专题复习】（人教版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题05- 重点知识（知识讲练+真题练习）（原卷+解析）

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专题05 重点知识点


Unit 1 What’s the matter?
1.What’s the matter (with you)?=What’s the problem (with you)?=What’s wrong (with you)?
=What happened (to you)你怎么啦？
2.body parts身体部位
3.talk too much 讲话太多
4.drink enough water 喝足够的水
5.have a (very) sore throat/back 嗓子痛、背痛
6.have a cold/stomachache/fever/cough/toothache/headache感冒、胃痛、发烧、咳嗽、牙痛、头痛
7.My head hurts a lot.我头非常痛。
8.sb. hurt oneself某人受了伤
9.in the order you hear them根据你听到的顺序
10.sb. cut oneself （小刀）切到了自己
11.by accident 偶然，意外
12.lie down and (have a) rest 躺下休息
13.drink some hot tea with honey喝一些加蜂蜜的热水
14.see a dentist看牙医
15.get an X-ray照X光
16.take one’s temperature量体温
17.put the medicine on the cut在伤口上敷药
18.take the medicine 3 times a day一天服药三次
19.can’t move the neck不能移动脖子
20.all (the) weekend/ the whole weekend整个周末
21.take breaks away from the computer远离电脑休息
22.sit in the same way for too long without moving以一个姿势坐太久
23.still hurt仍然很痛
24.take care of myself（=look after myself）照顾好自己
25.see an old man lying on the side of the road看见一名老人正躺在马路边
26.shout for help 大声求助
27.without thinking twice 毫不犹豫
28.get off (the bus) 下车
29.have a heart problem 有心脏问题
30.act quickly 立刻行动 31.expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
32.to one’s surprise 让某人吃惊的是 33.agree to do sth. 同意做某事
34.move sth. to some place 搬到某地
35.thanks to 由于 36.be saved 被拯救 37.in time 及时 38.on time 按时
39.think about saving a life 考虑拯救生命 40.get in to trouble陷入麻烦
Section B
1.fall down跌倒
2.have problems breathing呼吸困难
3.get hit by the ball被球打了
4.get sunburned被晒伤
5.hurt the back or arm背或手臂受伤了
6.look up the words in the dictionary在字典里查找单词
7.find the order of events找出问题的顺序
8.be used to doing sth.习惯于
9.be used to do sth.被用于
10. used to do sth.过去常常
11.take risks冒险
12.many times许多次
13.find sb. in a dangerous situation发现某人处于危险的境地
14.when doing sth.当做某事的时候
15.be caught under a rock被困于岩石底下
16.free his arm解放他的手臂
17.run out用完，耗尽
18.cut off half his right arm砍掉了他右手臂的一半
19.bandage himself用绷带包扎自己
20.lose too much blood失血过多
21.write a book called Between a rock and a Hard Place写了一本叫做《进退两难》的书
22.tell of the importance of making good decisions讲述了做正确决定的重要性
23.be in control of one’s life（讲述了）掌握自己生命的重要性
24.his love of mountain climbing对于爬山运动的热爱
25.so…that…如此…以至于…
26.have the same spirit as Aron拥有Aron一样的精神
27.make a decision that could mean life or death做一个可能有关生死的决定
Unit2
Section A
1.打扫、清理干净 clean up
2.看望生病住院的孩子 visit the sick kids in the hospital
3.让他们高兴 cheer them up = make them happy
4.分发give out=hand out 5.在食品救济中心at the food bank
6.在课外学习活动小组 in an after-school study program
7.制作一些通告make some notices
8.想出一个计划/制定一个计划 come up with a plan / make a plan
9.清洁日 Clean-Up Day
10.两周以后 two weeks from now = in two weeks
11.帮忙解决... help out with
12.给老人读报纸 read the newspapers to the old people
13.曾经是 used to be
14.放弃几个小时 give up several hours
15.一个动物医院 an animal hospital
16.获得他未来的梦想职业 get his future dream job
17.学到更多关于怎样照顾动物的知识 learn more about how to care for animals
照顾 care for = look after = take care of
18.一种极强的满足感 such a strong feeling of satisfaction
19.愉快的表情 the look of joy
20.在他们主人脸上 on their owners’ faces
21.一个爱读书的人 a book lover
22.她自己阅读 read by herself
23.在四岁时 at the age of four
24.参加…选拔,试用 try out
25.同时 at the same time
26.志愿帮助他人 volunteer to help others
27.一个课外阅读项目 an after-school reading program
28.忙于学习 be busy with studies
29.张贴 put up
30.给…打电话 call sb. up = call sb. = phone sb.
31.推迟 put off
32.担心，在意 be worried about sth/doing sth
33.做某事的好方法 a good way to do sth = a good way of doing sth
34.为无家可归的人筹款 raise money for homeless people
35.独自旅行 travel alone
36.感到孤独 feel lonely
37.在午夜 at midnight
Section B
1. 用光 run out of sth \ use up
2. 像我的妈妈 take after my mother
3. 修理它 fix it up
4. 赠送它 give it away
5. 与…相似 take after\look like\be similar to
6. 给某人写信 write to sb.
7. 对…产生很大的影响 make a big difference to
8. 建立 set up
9. 残疾人/盲人/聋哑人 disabled/blind/deaf people
10. 我的一个朋友 a friend of mine/one of my friends
11. 设想做某事 imagine doing sth.
12. 做某事有\没有困难 have no\some difficulty (in) doing\with sth
13. 开/关门/窗 open/close the door/window
14. 帮助某人摆脱困境 help sb out
15. 扛东西到某地 carry sth. to sp.
16. 一只经过特殊训练的狗 a special trained dog
17. 在养老院/ 在课外班 in an old people’s home/ in an after-school program
18. 对…感到兴奋 be excited about
19. 拥有一只狗的主意 the idea of having a dog
20. 六个月的训练 six months of training
21. 由于你的善良 because of your kindness
22. 给它指令 give him orders
23. 立刻 at once\right now\right away
24. 改变某人的生活\想法 change one’s life\mind
25. 有空做… be free to do sth.
26. 擅长于… be good at\ be strong in\do well in
27. 在我的业余时间 in my free time
28. 索要旧自行车 ask for old bikes
29. 家长热线 a call-in center for parents
30. 效果好 work out fine\well
31. 接电话 answer/get the phone/telephone
Unit3
Section A
1.Peter， could you please take out the rubbish?
—Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得, 请你去倒一下垃圾好吗?
①　 “Could you please do sth.?”用于委婉地提出请求。
例：—Could you please open the window? 请你开一下窗户好吗?
—Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。
v “Could you please do sth.?”的答语有如下两种情况：
接受请求时
可以用Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./ Certainly./ No problem./ With pleasure.等来回答
—Could you please fold your clothes?
请叠一下你的衣服可以吗?
—No problem. 没问题
—Sorry, I can’t. 不好意思，我不行
拒绝请求时
可以用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t. 等来回答，
还可以用I have to do sth.来解释原因。
注意：“Could you please do sth.?”的否定形式是“Could you please not do sth.?”

②　 take out the rubbish意为“倒垃圾”，其中take out表示“取出；拿出”
宾语是名词
该名词可以位于take和out之间，
也可以位于take out之后
Please take out the old newspapers.
=Please take the old newspapers out. 请把旧报纸拿出去。
宾语是代词
该代词只能位于take和out之间
My wallet is in the bag. I have to take it out first.
我的钱包在包里，我得先把它拿出来。

Could you please sweep the floor? 请你扫一下地好吗?
v sweep the floor 意为“扫地”。其中sweep是动词，意为“扫；打扫”，其过去式和过去分词都是swept。
v 拓展→和“家务劳动“有关的短语有：
take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾
rubbish (英式); trash (美式)
fold one’s clothes叠衣服
clean the room打扫房间
make one’s/the bed铺床
do/wash the dishes洗餐具
(3) rubbish用作不可数名词，意为“垃圾;废弃物。
2 sweep the floor扫地
(1) sweep( swept swept)此处用作及物动词，意为“扫;打扫”。
(2)floor用作可数名词，意为“地板”，通常指室内地面 on the floor“在地板上”。
any minute now意为“随时;马上;在任何时”，是英语中一种常见的口语表达法，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。在这一结构中， minute还可用 second， moment，time等词替换。
5 And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
mess用作名词，意为“杂乱:不整洁”。
make a mess 弄得一团糟; in a mess乱七八糟
messy形容词，意为“脏的;不整洁的;杂乱的”。
6 I threw down my bag and went to the living room.
throw down意为“扔下;随手丢下＂，其中throw( threw， thrown)既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词
[拓展] throw at 向…扔去(恶意，带攻击性)
throw to扔给……(不含恶意)
throw away扔掉
7 The minute I sat down in front of the TV， my mom came over.
(1) the minute(that) “一...就...”后接时间状语从句，相当于 the moment..或as soon as
(2)辨析: in front of与 in the front of
(3) come over意为“过来;顺便来访;拜访”，多指朋友、亲或熟人之间的非正式的探望活动，后面加介词，然后跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
8 You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house.
all the time意为一直;总是;频繁;反复”，多放于句末。
9 I’m just as tired as you are
as意为“与……一样…”，用于同级比。第一个as是副词，后接形容词或副词原级第二个as是连词。as.的否定形式为not as/so...as，意为“不如……”。
10 For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主
表示“…也不”。表示前面否定的情况也同样适合后者。 neither此处用作副词，也可用nor来替换
I’m not strong in math and neither is she.
Nick can’t repair the broken clock and neither can I
so+be/助动词/情态动词+主
表示“…也是”。表示前面肯定的情况也同样适合后者。
[拓展]① neither还可用作代词，意为“两者都不”，其反义词为时，语动词可用both，意为两者都。neither of~
②neither 也可用作形容词，意为“两者都不(的)”，其后直接跟可数名词的单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
11 What happened? she asked in surprise.
in surprise“吃惊地”，与 with surprise同义
to one’s surprise
拓展 surprise 还可用作动词，意为“使吃惊”其形容词有两个 surprised意为“惊奇的，感到意外的”; surprising意为“今人惊奇的”。
12 My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
as soon as 意为“一…就…”，引导时间状语从句。通情下主从句时态要一致。但若主句用一般将来时，从句则要用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”原则。
13 Could I hang out with my friends after the move?
hang out意为“闲逛” hung“悬挂，挂起”hanged “吊死，绞死”
14 Could you please pass me the salt?
pass此处作及物动词，意为 给;递
15 Could I borrow that book?
borrow及物动词，意为”借;借用”，表示主语借用别人的东西
borrow sth. from sb./sp
某人从某地/某人那借某物
16 Could you lend me some money?
lend(lent，lent)及物动词，意为“借给;借出”其反义词为 borrow
lend sb. sth.- lend sth. to sb. 意为”借给某人某物:把某物借给某人”。
17 I hate to do chores.
hate及物动词，意为 讨厌，表示一种感情或心现状态，不能用于进行时，其反义词为 love/like。常用结构有;
① hate sb./sth. 讨厌某人/某物
② hate to do sth./ doing sth.厌恶做某事
18 I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
while此处用作连词，意为“与……同时;当…的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。它强调主句的动作是在从句动作发生的过程中发生的，或者主从句的动作同时进行。
Section B
1 buy some drinks and snacks
(1)buy( bought， bought)反义词是sell(卖)
buy sb. sth.= buy sth. for sb.，意为“给某人买某物”
buy sth.from意为“从…买某物”
(2) snack可数名词，意为“点心;小吃;快餐”
2 invite my friends to a party
invite及物动词，意为“邀请”。名词形式为 invitation，意为“邀请;请”。
① invite sb.to地点名词”意为邀请某人到某地”。
② invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。
3 I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让/使某人做某事”。
He made me wait there for two hours.
相似用法还有: let/have sb. do sth.
(2) help with sth.意为“帮忙做某事”=help sb.(to )dosth.
4 Kids s these days already have enough stress from school.
stress名词，意为“精神压力;心理负担＂。 under stress意为“承受压力”。
5 Housework is a waste of their time.
waste此处用作名词，意为“浪费”。 a waste of意为“浪费…”
Watching TV too much is a waste of time
①waste 用作名词，还可表示“废物;垃圾”。
② waste用作形容词，意为“无用的;废弃的;丢弃的”。
③ waste用作及物动词，意为浪费;滥用”
6 It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
(1) It is /was+名词+ to do sth. 意为“做某事是... “
(2) provide此处用作及物动词，意为“提供;供应”。
provide sth. for sb= provide sb. with sth 意为“为某人提供某物或“提供给某人某物”。
9 And anyway， I think doing chores is not so difficult
anyway副词，意为 而且;加之 anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论
[拓展] anyway还可表示“尽管如此;无论如何”。
10 Children these days depend on their parents too much.
depend on意为“依靠;依赖＂，主语通常是表示人的词，其中 depend用作动词，意为”依靠;依赖”。
You can’t depend on your parents forever.
[拓展] depend on的其他用法
① depend on意为 信赖
② depend on意为“取决于;视…而定”。
11 Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.
(1) develop此处用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“发展;壮大”。其名词形式为 development意为“发展;发育;成长”。
(2) independence不可数名词，意为“独立”，其形容词形式为 independent，意为＂独立的;自主的”。
12 It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness
fairness不可数名词，意为“公正性，合理性。由fair(形容词，“公平的;公正的”)+-nessOur teacher is known for her fairness
fair是 fairness的形容词，意为“合理的，公正的”，其反义词为unfair(不合理的，不公正的) I think it’s fair/unfair for children to do chores
13 Since they live in one house with their parents， they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
(1) since此处用作连词，意为“因为;既然”，用来陈述原因或理由，引导原因状语从句。
要比 because更加正式和书面化
(2)do one’s part in doing sth. 意为“尽自己的职责做某事”。
14 he had no idea how to take care of himself
(1) have no idea意为“不知道”，相当于 don’t know
I have no idea what to do next. =I don＇t know what to do next.
(2) take care of意为“照;处理”，相当于look after或 care for
take good care of相当于 look after...well
15 As a result， he often fell ill and his grades dropped.
(1) as a result意为“结果;因此”，常位于句首，其后有逗号。
It rained hard all day. As a result， we had to put off the sports meeting.
as a result of意为由于…作为的结果”。
(2) fall ill是固定短语，意为“生病”，此处fall用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。
Peter often fell ill when he was in primary school.
Unit4
(1) My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。
v allow作动词，意为“允许；准许”。
allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，也可以是allow sb. sth.
例：His parents won't allow him to stay out late. 他的父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。
allow sb. to do sth.的被动结构是： “sb. be allowed to do sth.” 某人被允许做某事
(2) What’s wrong? 怎么了?
wrong作形容词，意为“有毛病的；错误的”
拓展：wrong的延伸
近义词
false adj.错误的
incorrect adj.不正确的
反义词
right adj.对的；正确的
correct adj.正确的
(3) I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。
because是连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。because和so不能同时使用。
例：He will sell his house because he needs money. 因为他需要钱，所以他将出售他的房子。
(4) Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
哦，昨天我发现我姐如正在翻后我的东西。
look though是固定短语，意为“快速查看；浏览”。
例：I looked through the notes before the exam. 我考试前匆匆看了一下笔记。
拓展：look的短语小结
look at看
look up向上看；查阅
look for寻找
look out小心
look after照顾
look up to 仰慕；尊敬
look into 调查
look down on看不起
look through浏览
look over检查
look around环顾；四下察看
look forward to期待

(5) Hope things work out. 希望事情会好起来。
workout属于“动词+副词”的短语搭配，意为“解决；成功地发展”。
如果宾语是名词，既可以放在out前，也可以放在out后；若宾语是代词，只能放在work和out之间。
动词+out
check out 查证
turn out 结果是
go out 出去
give out 分发；发放
find out查明
run out用完
try out试用；试验
set out动身；出发

(6) My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. 我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处
get on with是固定短语，表示“和睦相处；相处融洽”，与get along with 同义。
get on/ along well with sb. 意为“和某人相处得很好”
(7) When they argue, it's like a big, black Cloud hanging over our home. 当他们争吵的时候，就像有团巨大的乌云笼罩在我们家的上方。
argue作动词，意为“争吵；争论”。
argue with sb. about/over sth. 表示“就某事和某人争吵/争论”
(8) If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help.
如果你的父母有问题，你应当主动帮助他们。
offer作动词，意为“主动提出；自愿给予”。offer还可以作名词，意为“主动提议；建议”。
例：He offered to lend me his bike. 他主动提出要把他的自行车借给我。
Thank you for your kind offer of help. 谢谢你的好心帮助。
拓展：offer的搭配
offer sth. to sb. = offer sb. sth.
They offered us some tents. 给某人提供某物
=They offered some tents to us. 他们为我们提供了一些帐篷
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
He offered to take me to the museum. 他主动提出带我去博物馆。
(9) Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?
其次，你为什么不坐下来和你哥哥沟通呢?
communicate作动词，意为“交流；沟通”
communicate with sb. 表示“和某人交流；和某人沟通”
(10) You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.
你应该解释你并不介意他总是看电视。
mind sb. doing sth. 表示“介意某人做某事”，“sb.”也可以用形容词性物主代词代替
mind doing sth. 表示“介意做某事”
(11) Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win.
其他人都在练习体育项目，为的是他们能够参加比赛并获胜。
compete是动词，意为“竞争；对抗”。compete with... 表示“和.....竞争”
compete同根词 competition n.比赛；竞争 competitive adj. 竞争的

(12) Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities... 或许我可以减掉他们几个活动
cut out是固定搭配，意为“删除；删去”
cut短语
cut up 切开；切成小块
cut down 砍倒
cut off 切掉
cut in 打断别人说话；插嘴

(13) They have a quick diner ,and then it’s time for homework.他们快速吃完晚饭，然后就要做作业。
quick作形容词，意为“快的；快速的”。
quick的延伸
近义词
fast adj.快的 rapid adj.迅速的
反义词
slow adj.缓慢的 slowly adv.缓慢地

(14) “In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older,” she says.
她说：“在有些家庭里，竞争从很小就开始了，并且一直持续到孩子们长大。”
continue作动词，意为“持续；继续存在”
continue to do sth./continue doing sth. 继续做某事
(15) And they are always comparing them with other children. 并且他们总是把他们和其他孩子相比。
compare....with..意为“把...与相比”
compare....to..意为“把...比作...”
Unit5
1.rainstorm cn.暴风雨 sandstorm沙尘暴 snowstorm 暴风雪
2.alarm n.闹钟
3.go off(闹钟)发出响声 闹钟或警报器等突然发出声响
off相关短语：get off下车 fall off从...坠落 turn off 关闭 cut off切断 put off推迟
4.begin v.开始 begin -began-begun beginning
①　start/begin to do sth (it 为主语/表示心理活动/用于进行时)
②　begin doing sth（长期有意识养成习惯）
5.heavily adj.在很大程度上；大量地
①　雨雪用heavily rain/snow heavily/hard
②　风用strongly the wind blow strongly
6.suddenly adv.忽然；突然；出乎意料 adj.sudden all of a sudden突然
7.pick up 接电话；捡起；接人；学会；(偶然)得到 动副结构
8.strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的 stranger n.陌生人
9.light un.光；光线；光亮
①　cn.灯 e.g.Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
②　adj.轻的 e.g..It’s as light as a feather. 它像羽毛一样轻
③　v. 点燃 过去式lit e.g.He lit a cigarette.
10.report n&v报道；公布 a weather report 天气预报 reporter n. 记者 It is reported that据报道
11.wood un.木头
①　表示木头时为不可数名词，a piece of wood一块木头
②　复数形式woods 表示“树林”
12.match cn 火柴；比赛 v.相配；较量
13.beat v.敲打；打败 beat -beat-beaten
①　心脏或脉搏等跳动
②　beat aginst the window e.g. The rain beat against the car windscreen.
辨析：beat和win的区别
①　beat (beat, beaten) ＂击败，战胜＂，一般接对手作宾语。
②　win (won, won) 一般后接比赛、奖品或奖项作宾语
15.at first 起初；首先（强调前后对比）
16.asleep adj.睡着的 （表语）
fall asleep入睡 e.g. He fell asleep when I saw him.
辨析：
①　sleep v.＂睡觉＂(延续性) cn＂睡眠＂ e.g. He slept for two hours.
②　be asleep＂睡着的＂，强调状态。
e.g. The boy was asleep with his head on his arms.
③　fall asleep睡着，入睡，表示动作的过程，侧重于指无意识地入睡。
e.g. The old man sat in his chair, closed his eyes and fell asleep.
④　sleepy adj.困倦的
17.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
风雨或心情＂逐渐变弱；逐渐消失；平静下来＂。
18.rise v&n.升起；增加；提高 rise-rose-risen
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落
辨析：
①　rise vi.+prep+宾语 日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等
e.g. Prices rise every day in those countries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。
②　raise vt.＂举起;抬起＂+宾语/＂饲养、供养＂ raise the flag
e.g. If you have any questions, raise your hands. 如果你有问题，请举手。
e.g. Their family raised a big dog. 他们家养了一条大狗。
19.fallen adj.倒下的；落下的 形式：fall -fell -fallen
fall相关短语：fall off从...落下 fall asleep入睡 fall behind落后 fall ill生病 fall down 摔倒
20.have a look at... 看一看=look at
look相关短语：look for look up look through look after look out look forward
21.kid v.开玩笑；欺骗 过去式kidded（多用于进行时）
kid oneself 自欺欺人 e.g. I was just kidding.
22.realize v.理解；领会；认识到；实现
①　come to realize逐渐意识到
②　realize/achieve one’s dream实现梦想
23.make one’s way to sp费力的前进
way相关短语：
①　on one’s way在路上e.g.My car broke down on my way to the company.
②　in this way 用这种方法 e.g.Only in this way can you make progress.
③　by the way 顺便说一下e.g.By the way, how is your mother?
④　in the way妨碍；当道e.g.Don't stand in the way.
⑤　in a way在某种程度上e.g.In a way, you're right.
⑥　no way没门,不行
⑦　all the way一路上,自始至终e.g.I'll back you up all the way.
⑧　lose one’s way迷路e.g.We lost the way in the dark.
24.shocked adj.惊愕的；受震惊的
adj.shocked (形容人 ) shocking adj.令人震惊的（形容物）
25.take down 拆除；记录；往下拽
take 的相关短语：
take notes记笔记 take away拿走 take out拿出去 take up开始 take off脱下；起飞
31.date n.日期；日子
①　询问日期： what’s the date today?
②　询问星期几：what day is today?
③　询问今天什么日子：what’s today?(回答星期+号数)
32.truth n.实情；事实 adj.true adv.truly to tell the truth 说实话
Unit6
1. shoot 的意思是＂射中；发射＂。过去式及过去分词都是shot。
【易混辨析】 kill，shoot，murder
kill 意为＂杀，杀死＂，宾语可以是表示人的名词或代词，也可以是表示物的名词或代词。
shoot 意为＂射中，击毙＂，表示以某人或某物为目标进行射击。shoot at 表示＂瞄准一个目标射击但不一定射中＂。
murder 意为＂谋杀＂，它的宾语一般是表示人的名词或代词，通常指事先有策划地非法杀害。
2.remind提醒；使想起。＂remind sb. +从句＂表示＂提醒某人……＂。
【知识拓展】
remind sb of sth. 使某人回想起或意识到某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事
＂remind oneself +从句＂表示＂提醒自己……＂。
3. a little bit意为＂有点儿，稍微＂，常用于口语中，后跟形容词或副词，相当于a little，a bit或kind of。
4. Yu Gong kept trying and didn’t give up. 愚公坚持不懈，没有放弃。
（1）keep doing sth. “一直/继续不停地做某事”。
（2）give up .放弃；抛弃；戒除
5. But what could Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains?
instead of是介词短语，意思是＂代替……，取代……＂，后面接名词、代词或动名词。
6. Which book is talked about? 这本书谈论的是什么？
talk about谈论，用于表示谈话双方都知道的话题，后可以接人或事物，若接人，要用人称代词的宾格形式。
【知识拓展】
talk to＂对……说话，跟……谈话＂，相当于speak to，强调单方面行为。而talk with＂与……交谈＂，相当于have a word with，强调双方的行为。
7. But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person. 但除非他能隐藏自己的尾巴，否则他不能将自己变成人。
（1）hide动词，＂隐藏；隐蔽＂，后面可接名词作宾语或是可以单独使用，其过去式为hid，过去分词为hidden，现在分词为hiding。hide from意为＂把……藏起来不让……发现；躲避……＂。
（2）turn... into... 意为＂将……变成……＂。
8. Most of them were hearing this story for the first time. 他们大多数是第一次听到这个故事。
most of后面的人称代词为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
9. Once upon a time, there was a very old man… 从前，有一位老翁…
once upon a time意为＂从前，很久以前＂，是英文故事、童话开头常见的一种叙述方式，类似的表达还有long long ago/a long time ago，是一般过去时的标志。
10. As soon as the prince saw her, he fell in love with her. 王子一看见她，就爱上了她。
fall in love with意为＂爱上 (某人/某物)＂，不可与how long和for two years这类表示时间段的短语连用。fall in love with也可表示对某一事物的＂喜欢＂。
11.can’t stop doing sth.=can’t help doing sth. 忍不住/情不自禁去做某事。
12.get married 结婚，为非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He didn’t get married when I knew him. 我认识他时，他还没有结婚。学&科网
13.gold coin 金币 gold ring 金戒指 gold bar 金条
golden sunset 金色的夕阳 golden opportunity 绝好的机会
golden saying 金玉良言 the golden age 黄金时代
the golden years of one’s life 一生中的黄金时代(岁月)
14. cheat动词，意为＂欺骗；蒙骗；作弊＂，常用短语为：①cheat sb意为＂欺骗某人＂；②cheat sb of sth意为＂骗取某人的某物＂。
Unit7
1.any other+名次单数 其他任何一个......
2.feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
3.send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事
4.the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
5.protect....from/against....保护....使不受；防御
6.succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事
7.teach sb about sth 教某人有关.....内容
8.There be sb/sth doing.sth.有某人/物正在做某事
9.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
10.be special to sb. 对某人来说是特殊
【衔接中考】
1.population的用法
population n. （集合名词）“人口；人口数量”
①基数词+percent of the population are…. 百分之几的人口……
②询问人口有多少？What’s the population of ……?
③形容人口多用 big/large 形容人口少用small
2.辨析achieve & come true
achieve =realize v. 实现达到 sb. achieve/realize +梦想
come true 多指梦想、蓝图、计划等实现 梦想+come true
3.fall over，fall down & fall off
fall over 强调向前摔倒，跌倒，绊倒
fall down 强调滑到，倒下 fall down from+宾语 fall off 跌落，从……掉下来
4. 辨析die from & die of
die from 通常在外部原因（事故，缺乏食物等）造成的死亡
die of 通常指人体自身原因（年老，忧伤等）造成的死亡
Unit8
1. Yes,I’ve already read it. 是的，我已经读过了。
(1) already adv.已经,多用于肯定句中,一般放在实义动词前或助动词、be动词后。若位于句末表示强调。
(2) already也可用于疑问句,含有“惊奇”之意,可以置于句中,有时为了强调置于句末。
2. put down“放下；记下”，为“动词+副词”型短语；宾语若为代词，应放在put与down中间。can't put sth. down意为“对某物爱不释手”。
【知识拓展】
put的相关短语：
put away 收起来　 put off 推迟
put on 穿上 put up 张贴
3.hurry up为固定短语，意为“赶快，急忙（做某事）”。hurry 此处用作不及物动词，意为“匆忙，赶快”。
（2）due此处作形容词，“预期；预定；预计”，后面引出预期的时间、地点等。
（3）in two weeks 意为“两周之后”。“in＋一段时间”表示“在……以后”，常用在一般将来时的句子中。对此提问用how soon。注意：“after＋一段时间”常用在一般过去时的句子中。
4.lose one's life相当于动词die。life意为“性命”，属可数名词，在数上要与one's一致。 [来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
5.see sb. doing sth.指“看见某人正在做某事”,即看见的行为或事件正在进行。而see sb. do sth.指“看见了某人做某事的全过程”。
6.One...the other... 为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“（两者中的）一个……另一个……”。
7.can’t wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”。
【知识拓展】
(1) can't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”。
He could not help laughing.他忍不住笑了起来。
(2) can't stand doing sth.意为“不能容忍做某事”。
I can't stand waiting for such a long time. 我不能容忍等这么久。
(3) can't stop doing sth. 意为“不能停止做某事”。
eg：The boy couldn't stop crying when he heard the bad
news.当他听到这个坏消息时，这个男孩不停地哭起来。
8.【知识拓展】　
和某人争吵
fight with sb.
have a fight with sb.
Please don’t fight with others. 请不要和别人争吵。
9.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。make 意为“使变得；促使；迫使”，是使役动词，常见结构：
make ＋名词/代词＋形容词，意为“使……处于某种状态”。
10.【易混辨析】since，for
since, for两者都可用于完成时的句子里
for
后面的宾语是一段时间
I have been teaching for twenty years in this school.
我已在这所学校任教20年了。
since
跟过去某一时间点或表示过去的句子。
I’ve been skating since I was six years old.
从6岁起我就开始溜冰了。
He’s lived here since he was born.
他出生以来就一直住在这里。
11.“have/has been to＋某地”意为“去过某地（已经回来）”，当表地点的词为副词时，则省略to。
【拓展】[来源:学*科*网]
“have/has gone to＋某地”意为“去某地了（尚未回来）”。
☞—Where is Tom？ 汤姆在哪儿？
—He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。
12.one of the + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为“最……的……之一”，此结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Unit 9
1、progress v.进步；进展 in progress 进行中
make great progress 取得很大进步 make progress in...在...方面取得进步
2、 rapid adj．迅速的；快速的
rapid:急速。重点在于运动本身，如水流、发展、进步等
quick:行动迅速敏捷，多用于单个动作
fast: 运动、动作的速度快。重点在于运动的物体，如火车、人等
3、encourage v．鼓励 encouragement n.鼓励
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事（多指鼓励某人今后做某事）
4、perfect adj．完美的；完全的 perfect没有比较等级。
要点归纳：表示“好”的词汇
good好的 great棒极了 excellent优秀的
wonderful精彩的 outstanding 出众的 fantastic 可赞的；优秀的
5、 collect v.收集；采集＝collection n.收集；收藏品；作品集；系列时装
collect up 收拾起来
6、a couple of 两个；一对；几个
a couple of: 通常指同类事物中的任意两个或几个，不一定是成对
a pair of: 意为“一双（对、副...）”，通常指成对或成对使用的东西，或由使
用时彼此不能分开的两部分构成的东西
7、German adj． 德国的；德语的；德国人的 n．德语；德国人
German：表示“德国人”时，复数形式为Germans。
8、thousandnum.一千
表示确切数量时，其后不加-s，前面加具体的数字；表示大约数量时，其后
加-s，后面跟 of；thousands of意为“数以千计的；许许多多的”。
9、on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面...另一方面...一般作为插入语，前后要用逗号隔开。
10、safe／serf／adj.安全的；无危险的
safe and sound 安然无恙
词汇串记： risky adj.有风险的 safety n.安全 danger n.危险
unsafe adj.不安全的 safe adj.安全的 dangerous adj.危险的
safely adv.安全地 dangerously adv.危险地
11、fear v.＆n.害怕；惧怕＝fearful adj.担心的；害怕的
fear for...为...担心 be in fear（of...）（为...）提心吊胆
for fear of／that...生怕...，以免....
12、whether conj.不管...（还是）；或者...（或者）；是否
whether引导宾语从句时，相当于if，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，
不可省略。whether意为“不管...（还是）；或者··....（或者）”时，与or连用，引导让步状语从句。whether..or...是....·.还是....，不管...还是...
whether or not＝in either case无论如何，不管怎样
13、whenever conj.在任何...的时候；无论何时
whenever引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter when，还可引导名词性从句。
Unit 10
1、sweet adj.甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的考n.糖果生adj.友好的；悦耳的
a sweet voice 悦耳的嗓音
2、memory n.记忆；回忆 have a good／bad memory 记忆力好／差
in memory of 纪念 to the memory of 为了纪念
lose one＇s memory 失忆
3、soft adj.软的；柔软的 soft drinks 软饮料（不含酒精的饮料）
4、check v.＆n.检查；审查
check on核实，检查 check in报到，登记
check out 结账离开；查明；察看；观察 check over 仔细检查
5、clear v.清理；清除考adj.清楚的；清澈的
clear out 清理；丢掉 clear up澄清；放晴；收拾
clear away 收拾，整理 clear off离开；逃离
6、no longer 不再；不复
no longer：强调时间上的不再延续，通常与状态动词或延续性动词连用，相当
于“not...any longer”
no more：强调数量或程度的不再增加，通常与瞬间动词连用，相当于“not...
anymore"
7、part v.离开；分开考n.部分；部件
part with放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）
8、certain adj．某种；某事；某人adj．确定的；无疑的
be certain to do...一定会做... for certain＝for sure 确定，无疑
be certain of／about...对...有把握
9、honest adj.诚实的；老实的
honest的读音以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词用an。
be honest with sb.对某人诚实 to be honest 说实在的
10、while n.一段时间；一会儿考conj.当...时
after a while 过了一会儿 for a while一会儿
in a short while 不久 once in a while 有时，偶尔
11、search v．＆n．搜索；搜查
in search of 搜索；搜查 search for...搜寻（某人或某物）
search..for..为寻找...而搜查....searchsb.搜某人的身
12、 among prep.在（其）中；...之一
among多用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间，表示“是....其中之一”。
13、shame n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧＝shameful adj.可耻的
shame是不可数名词。与a连用时，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜的事”。
what a shame 多可惜 It is a shame to do sth.做某事真羞愧。
14、regard v.将...认为；把...视为；看待
regard...as把...看作，认为...是 regard...with...对...持某种态度
15、count v.数数
count down 倒数，倒计时 count...in把...算在内
16、according to 依据；按照
to是介词，后接名词、代词或从句。
17、opposite prep.与...相对；在....对面｜｜adj.对面的；另一边的考n.相反
opposite to...和...相反
18、 especially adv.尤其；特别；格外
在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。
19、consider v.注视；仔细考虑考v.认为；觉得
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
consider sb.（to be）...认为某人....
consider sb.（as）...把某人看作...consider that...认为...
20、 hold v.（held，held）拥有；抓住考v.拿着；容纳；举行
hold on继续；稍等；不挂断（电话） hold up 举起；拦截；使延误
hold back 阻碍，阻止 hold on to 守住；保住
hold a concert举办音乐会 hold one＇s breath 屏住呼吸
真题过关
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．（2022春·甘肃天水·八年级统考期末）If you don’t succeed at first, don’t give up. Keep _______ (try) until you get it right.
2．（2022春·甘肃天水·八年级统考期末）You should try your best ________ (avoid) making mistakes while taking an important exam.
3．（2022春·甘肃天水·八年级统考期末）What will you do if you ________ (offer) this job?
4．（2022春·甘肃天水·八年级统考期末）Our engineer __________ (test) the old machine now.
5．（2022春·甘肃天水·八年级统考期末）The Yellow River is the _________ (two) longest river in China.
6．（2022春·云南红河·八年级统考期末）Sally works ________, so she never seems to make mistakes. (careful)
7．（2022春·云南红河·八年级统考期末）Liu Cixin is a great ________. I love reading his books. (write)
8．（2022春·云南红河·八年级统考期末）He felt his job was boring and ________ (meaning).
9．（2022春·云南红河·八年级统考期末）Look! The cat is washing ________. (it)
10．（2022春·广西河池·八年级统考期末）He didn’t know the ________ (important) of health until he got seriously ill.
11．（2022春·广西河池·八年级统考期末）I can buy different kinds of _________ (India) food in the supermarket.
12．（2022春·广西河池·八年级统考期末）_________ (hundred) of birds are flying to this green land for food.
13．（2022春·广西河池·八年级统考期末）We use _________ (knife) to cut fruit.
14．（2022春·贵州安顺·八年级统考期末）Some of my ________(neighbor) said they couldn’t stand our party because it was too noisy.
15．（2022春·贵州安顺·八年级统考期末）As the funny story was over, the ________(laugh) of my classmates filled the room.
16．（2022春·贵州安顺·八年级统考期末）It’s ________ (usual) for Frank to be late. He has always been on time.
17．（2022春·贵州安顺·八年级统考期末）The taste of the soup ________ (remind) me of my grandma as she often makes it for me.
18．（2022春·江苏淮安·八年级校考期末）Our food ________ (run) out soon. You’d better buy some more.
19．（2022春·江苏淮安·八年级校考期末）— Mum, excuse me, but when can we have dinner?
— Not until it ________ (prepare) in half an hour.
20．（2022春·江苏淮安·八年级校考期末）In 1885, Dr John Stith Pemberton made up some cough ________ (medical).
二、完形填空
（2023秋·浙江金华·八年级校考期末）Harper is a kind woman. She has a 4-year-old ____21____. One day when Harper was ____22____ home at 8:30 pm, she saw something on fire by the road. So she stopped her car.
As Harper got ____23____, she found a black car that had an accident. Black smoke(烟) was ____24____ and she couldn’t see what was going on inside the car. As it was ____25____ and there was nobody else around, Harper was a little afraid. And her little daughter was waiting for her at home. So she decided to ____26____. At that moment, she remembered people who helped her. Then she walked back to the car again, called 911 and checked ____27____ if anyone was in the car. Soon, Harper ____28____ a man under the airbag(安全气囊). He was badly hurt. Without thinking twice, Harper pulled the man out of the car. Before the fire got ____29____, Harper moved him to a safe place. After doing that, Harper felt so ____30____ and couldn’t move. Ten minutes later, the police and doctors came.
“There was blood all over his body. He looked at me closely, trying to pass his ____31____ of living on to me. So I held ____32____ in my arms all the time,” Harper said to the police.
A few days later, the man got better. He wrote a ____33____ to Harper. It read, “Thank you! I felt lucky ____34____ you didn’t leave me alone. You’re a real hero(英雄).”
A hero is not just someone who does great things but that who ____35____ a hand to others in need. Heroes live not only in movies, but also in our everyday life.
21．A．daughter B．son C．brother D．sister
22．A．driving B．walking C．riding D．running
23．A．out B．close C．back D．away
24．A．somewhere B．nowhere C．everywhere D．anywhere
25．A．cold B．late C．far D．quiet
26．A．stay B．move C．return D．leave
27．A．deeply B．quickly C．easily D．secretly
28．A．knew B．touched C．found D．saved
29．A．smaller B．higher C．hotter D．worse
30．A．tired B．excited C．sad D．bored
31．A．idea B．hope C．love D．plan
32．A．him B．her C．it D．them
33．A．report B．number C．story D．note
34．A．and B．but C．because D．so
35．A．gives B．opens C．picks D．Takes
三、补全对话
（2022春·河南驻马店·八年级统考期末）根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: I haven’t seen you for a long time. ________46________?
B: I’ve been to a small village. I took part in a “hand-in-hand” activity there.
A: Really? _______47_______?
B: We made friends with the children there. We also gave away some school things to them.
A: ________48________?
B: I think the children are great. Though they live a difficult life, they study very hard.
A: Can I go with you next time?
B: ________49________. We can go there together this summer.
A: Great! ________50________.
B: That’s very kind of you. I think the children there will like it/them.