专题02 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版）2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编

这是一份专题02 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版）2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编，共12页。
专题02 阅读理解之议论文（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry(家禽) and maintain home appliances(修理家电) under new requirements for labor education.The Ministry of Education (MOE) brought out a new standard for labor education in schools last year. Starting from the 2022 fall semester, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor skills at least once a week.Labor education helps students value hard work. It includes things like household chores(家务), on-campus labor and community volunteer services.The new standards include three types of labor tasks. The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labor, including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts, and applying new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying, and many have seen household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labor education must be built up to help students cultivate (培养) social values and develop an interest in labor.Online, people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media. Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly supports labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family.“The main idea is to let them share responsibility as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.”Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.1．What do we know about the new labor education standard?A．It is for students from primary school to college.B．Students can get extra credits for taking labor courses.C．It started in the fall semester of 2022.D．Students have to take three labor courses every week.2．What can students learn through labor education?a. How to plant vegetables.    b. How to raise chickens or ducks.   c. How to be more focused in class. d. How to fix computers or fridges. A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A．Why students should receive labor education.B．What labor education was like in China in the past.C．The types of labor education included in the new standard.D．How students find a balance between their study and labor tasks.4．What does Liu Fang think of labor education?A．It’s too simple for students.B．It isn’t fun enough for students.C．It takes up too much of students’ free time.D．It helps students develop different skills.5．What is the passage mainly about?A．New courses for primary school students.B．Labor education for primary and middle school students.C．Ways to cultivate students’ social values.D．New technologies used in primary and middle schools.（2023·天津红桥·统考模拟预测）Here is a story: A man sees a butterfly (蝴蝶). The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis (蛹). Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn’t struggle (挣扎，奋斗) to leave the chrysalis, it can’t fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges (挑战) of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.When people are young, meeting and overcoming (克服) challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle. One famous businessman, who now owns many supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was only twenty. His father’s death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.Sometimes challenges do not appear to us because we keep away from them. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock-climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams will not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to become successful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.6．From the story we know that the butterfly can’t fly because ________.A．the man feels sorry for it B．the man helps it come outC．it gets out by itself D．it tries to challenge itself7．Dennis’s example shows that successful people should ________.A．take up business early B．sell clothes from door to doorC．overcome the difficulties D．become the leaders of tomorrow8．The meaning of the underlined word “mature” in the passage is “________”.A．take up B．get up C．wake up D．grow up9．What is the writer trying to do in the passage?A．Encourage young people to face challenges.B．Suggest how to become a successful businessman.C．Explain what will happen if a person fails the exam.D．Describe where a butterfly comes from.10．What is the best title for this passage?A．Successful People Have a Sense of AchievementB．Young People Must Develop Their Energy ActivelyC．Countries Should Continue to Become SuccessfulD．Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.11．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?A．Its variety. B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development.12．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B．They could not open and close their lips easily.C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.13．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．Supporting evidence for the research results.B．Potential application of the research findings.C．A further explanation of the research methods.D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.14．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings.（2023·安徽合肥·校联考一模）Should students do chores? A reporter interviews some people in the street and here are some of their ideas.I think students should spend their time on their schoolwork. They can start doing chores after going to college.—Nel, 25I started to teach my two sons to do chores when they were young. Here’s my way, I print off some chore cards and put them into a box. Then, I let them pick their cards based on (基于) their age. For example 3—5 years old (2 cards); 6—8 years old (3 cards); 9—11 years old (4 cards) and 12—15 years old (5 cards). My boys are very independent.—Addy, 41Although I have a big family with 9 people, we also have over 60 animals to care for. My brothers and I used to complain that we had so much work to do and life was unfair. However, I have learned later that doing chores helps me grow into a better person.—Selena, 12If students begin doing chores from an early age, they’ll become more successful when they grow up. It’s never too late to start.—Emily, 41 15．Who disagrees that students should do chores?A．Nel. B．Addy. C．Selena. D．Emily.16．What do Addy and Emily have in common?A．They both have children. B．They are at the same age.C．They both have a big family. D．They learn to do chores from an early age.17．What can we learn from the material?A．Selena has to look after nine people.B．The four people share their ideas online.C．Selena used to hate her life.D．Nel grew into a better person because of doing chores.（2023·湖南·统考一模）Duan Jiayang, a 12-year-old student of a primary school in Ningxia, Yinchuan, learns the skills required to take care of vegetable fields.“I learned how to place the mulch film(地膜),” he says, “It’s not easy.” In China, many parents place a heavy focus on their children’s good results, but vocational(职业的) skills have little been cared.  “Some parents do everything for their children,” says Yan Mei, an official with the primary school, adding that many students are short of the basic skills needed in their daily lives. For example, Yan says, some parents would do the school’s general cleaning instead of their children.Since March last year, the governments have launched a lot of policies, requiring that colleges, middle schools and primary schools pay more attention to teaching students practical skills. Following these policies, the primary school launched an “agricultural(农业的) class base” on one of its schoolyards. Students plant fruit and vegetables on an area of land about 4,000㎡ in size.In the days coming up to the May Day holiday, students of various grades at the school worked together in the fields, says school principal Yang Bo. They planted watermelon, carrot and corn. May Day, also known as Labor Day, is celebrated on May 1st in China.The school hopes that students will understand the food is quite precious so that they will better realize the difficulties that their parents went through.18．What does Duan Jiayang think of this activity?A．Boring. B．Easy. C．Difficult.19．What do many parents care most in the passage?A．Children’s life skills.B．Children’s high marks.C．Teachers’ skills course.20．Which of the following crops is not mentioned according to the passage?A．Corn. B．Watermelon. C．Cabbage.21．What can students learn from the agricultural class?A．Students will understand the importance of studying.B．Students can realize the difficulties their parents went through.C．Students can learn all skills of life.22．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．Youths Get a Lesson in Life through Skills CourseB．Duan Jiayang, a Hard-working StudentC．Schools Follow the Governments’ Policies（2023·四川成都·校考一模）Many new kinds of stationery are invented these years. And they already entered the daily life of students. Have you ever bought such products? Do you think such “high-tech” stationery（文具）is helpful? Here are some different opinions. DongI have many products of such stationery. I bought them not only for their looks but also for their usefulness. Actually, with the “high-tech” products, life becomes much more convenient. For example, by using the electric pencil sharpener, you won’t get your hands dirty or waste time cleaning your desk. What a great helper! ZhongSuch stationery is handy and convenient. They are useful. For example, they save time. It takes only 5 to 10 seconds（秒）to clean your desk with an electric cleaner but will take about 20 seconds by hand. You may think a few seconds doesn’t matter. But after 100 times of doing it, it will be a lot of time. So be open-minded and try new things. QiuI don’t buy such “high-tech” stationery. Stationery is study tools that should be useful, not for playing with. They can easily distract students in class. Students might spend a longer time on simple things. And, high-tech stationery is usually expensive. My stationery is normal and completely enough for daily use. WangI don’t think such stationery is necessary. I find that some of my classmates are just busy playing with them and showing off in front of others. They may have forgotten that the stationery should actually be used to help make their study life easier, but not make them ignore（忽略）what they are learning. 23．Which good point of “high-tech” stationery is both mentioned by Dong and Zhong?A．It has a nice look. B．It’s convenient to use it. C．It makes life interesting.24．What is the reason for dividing four people into two groups?A．Whether new stationery is useful.B．Why students need new stationery.C．Whether new stationery should be allowed in class.25．How much time can Zhong save by using an electric cleaner for 100 times?A．Half an hour. B．More than 25 minutes. C．More than 16 minutes.26．Which blank can be filled with the underlined word?A．You can _________ yourself if you don’t use the tool carefully.B．The TV sound may_________ Mike, so can you turn it off now?C．I didn’t _________Coco although I searched everywhere in the house.27．What does Wang’s last sentence mean?A．Students can’t learn well if they live an easy life.B．“High-tech” stationery makes students have fun studying.C．Using “high-tech” stationery takes students’ attention away from study.（2023·北京·统考一模）Last night, a school night, my 11-year old son’s baseball team played a game that lasted until 9: 30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10: 30—an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience (耐心) , teamwork and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. So we look for ways to help our kids grow and develop. For example, we encourage our kids to take honors courses(培优课程) or to have after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned (来之不易的)  success and achievements.However, the irony (讽刺) is that all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make, responsibilities and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability.Parents make bedtime routines (计划) and carry out strict rules about night time. But in fact these measures (措施) aren’t enough because getting our kids enough sleep isn’t just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires more than that.In order to make sure that our kids get the sleep they need, both parents and schools should make an effort.28．What can we learn from the writer’s son’s story in Paragraph 1?A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Where there is a will, there is a way.C．East or west, home is best. D．Every coin has two sides.29．How does the writer show how parents help their kids grow and develop in Paragraph 2?A．With some pictures. B．With some examples.C．With some studies. D．With some numbers.30．What can we know about the writer’s son according to the passage?A．He used to go to sleep at 10: 30 p.m. B．He used to play baseball every night.C．He can’t get enough sleep. D．His parents don’t have strict rules about nighttime.31．What would be probably talked about in the fifth paragraph?A．Measures parents and schools should take. B．Ways to develop skills of playing baseball.C．Reasons for kids to sleep well at night. D．Advantages for kids to sleep well at night. （2023·安徽合肥·统考一模）When I was in school, I could always tell when my class was about to take a test.You could feel the anxiety in the air. Their smiles were tight (紧绷的). Pencils were knocking lightly on desks. A few students were trying to tell jokes to relax.Every once in a while, a teacher would give us a break and announce (宣布) that the test was going to be an open book one. Right away, you could see our smiles return. A few students would laugh, and you even heard a cheer or two. The pressure (压力) went away. As we took out our books, all of us knew that the answers would be right in front of us. All we had to do was to find them.Many people say that life is one long series (系列)of tests we have to face. This is true. But what most people don’t realize is that they are all open book ones. The answers are always right there in front of you, and they are so simple. You just have to open the book of your soul (灵魂) to any page, and you will see the words: “JUST LOVE”. Just love yourself. Just love everyone as yourself. When you do this, you will pass every test that life throws at you. When you do this,  you will make the world a brighter, better and happier place.32．What does the underlined word “anxiety” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．茫然 B．喜悦 C．无聊 D．焦虑33．What did the writer’s classmates do after the teacher’s announcement?A．They smiled tightly. B．They laughed and cheered.C．They knocked their pencils lightly on the desk. D．They told jokes to relax.34．How can we pass the tests of life according to the writer?A．By finding the answers in books. B．By changing our ideas about human souls.C．By loving ourselves and others. D．By learning to face the tests ourselves.（2022·福建厦门·厦门市湖滨中学校考模拟预测）We’ll finally grow up someday, leaving our parents and facing the challenges (挑战) in life. Parents may not be able to solve every problem for us. Instead, we should have enough life skills to deal with the problems that come our way. This is what our country tries to do now: Helping more students gain working spirit. To stress the importance of hardworking spirit education (劳动教育) among students of different ages. The government released (发布) a guideline (纲要) recently.                The guideline calls for students to respect work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education.The government has been trying to stress the importance of hardworking spirit education. But this has been overlooked in recent years. Many teens do not value the importance of working hard and are uninterested in doing so.According to a study of nearly 3,000 students that was done by Evening News, only 22 percent of primary and middle school students help with everyday housework.Schools and families play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard, the guideline says. Primary and middle schools should provide students with hardworking spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. For example, schools can teach children how to plant trees on Tree-Planting Day.As children’s first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do housework. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.35．The guideline was released in order to _________.A．teach students how to do houseworkB．call for students to respect workC．help students solve life problemsD．ask students to face the challenges36．What does the underlined word “overlooked” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．证实 B．关注 C．查看 D．忽略37．What is Paragraph 5 trying to tell us?A．Only 3000 students help with housework.B．Students pay no attention to work spirit.C．About one-fifth of students help with housework.D．Students are very dependent on their parents.38．According to the guideline, schools should ________ .A．provide both guidance (指导) and chances for real workB．hand out the guideline to every studentC．teach students how to plant treesD．give parents homework39．The article mainly tells us _________.A．the government calls for students to work hardB．schools should help students gain work experienceC．students should be hard-working and independentD．hardworking spirit education is important and what we should do（2022·山东济南·统考二模）High-tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people still prefer low-tech ways of doing things. Here’s an example of why this is happening. You can microwave a frozen (冷冻的) hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won’t taste as good as one you cook on the stove. And if you’re in that much of a hurry, you probably won’t take time to toast (烘烤) the bread. High-tech cooking saves time, but it doesn’t make better-tasting meals.Most people get their news from high-tech sources (来源) like television or the Internet. This has many advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It’s also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip (跳过) the rest. Other high-tech time savers have similar disadvantages. For example, most people use the phone or email to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use the Internet or the phone, you don’t always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you do your homework on the computer, you needn’t check your spelling by yourself. However, you are so busy with the computer that they don’t pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing.40．What advantages do high-tech machines have?A．They make more delicious meals.B．They can save time and make life easier.C．They can provide news with detailed information.D．They make students do their homework carefully.41．How many advantages does the writer mention about high-tech sources?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.42．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A．We sometimes forget the important things to say when talking on the phone.B．We won’t miss important information while reading newspapers and magazines.C．We can get the latest news from high-tech sources like television or the Internet.D．When we email our friends, we are always careful to choose the right words to say.43．How does the writer feel about high-tech tools?A．Easy come, easy go. B．Better late than never.C．Every coin has two sides. D．Learn to walk before you run.44．How is the text mainly developed?A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers.C．By following time order. D．By describing a process.