专题02 必修三Unit 2知识点与语法梳理精练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

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专题02  【知识串讲】必修三Unit 2知识点与语法梳理精练
contribution n. 贡献；捐献；稿件【教材原句】the contribution these people made to society 这些人对社会的贡献make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing)… 对……作出贡献contribute v. 贡献；导致；有助于；投稿contribute...to/towards...  (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿contribute to  对……作出贡献；促成，导致；有助于relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰；轻松；减轻痛苦的事物【教材原句】The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.在病人的皮肤被仔细地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒适是在病床上最常见的观察之一。in/with relief  如释重负；松了口气   to one's relief   令人感到欣慰的是It's a relief to do sth.  做某事是令人欣慰的 What a relief!  终于可以松口气了！谢天谢地！relieve v. 使轻松；宽慰；缓解effective adj. 有效的；产生预期效果的【教材原句】Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.现在选择你认为非常有效的解决方案，为非洲提供淡水。effect n. 效果，作用；影响     side effect 副作用have an/no effect on...  对…有/没有影响  come into effect 开始生效take effect 见效，生效      in effect 实际上；在实施中effectively adv. 有效地      affect v. 影响recycle v. 再利用，回收利用【教材原句】recycle waste water回收利用废水recycled adj.   回收利用的，再生的earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得【教材原句】At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.起初，他的计划是挣钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。earn money＝make money 赚钱    earn one's living＝make a living 维持生活；谋生donate vt. 捐赠，捐献【教材原句】He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.他开始向同学和邻居寻求帮助，并说服他们捐款。donate...to...  向……捐助……donation n.  捐赠      make a donation to... 向……捐助……make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)【教材原句】At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children.起初瑞安很紧张，但很快他就感到一阵温暖。他真的给这些孩子带来了改变。make no/little difference to 对……没有影响/作用make some/much difference to 对……有些/很大影响/作用reality n. 现实，真实【教材原句】This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six­year­old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.这样的深刻见解由一名六岁男孩的坚决态度蜕变而成，这名男孩拥有实现自己梦想的勇气和毅力。in reality 事实上       become reality 实现，变为现实turn...into reality 使……成为现实   bring sb. back to reality 使某人回到现实real adj. 真的        really adj. 真正地break into a smile突然笑起来【教材原句】He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然喜笑颜开。break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离   break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入break down 出故障，抛锚；失败；崩溃，瓦解；分解break off  使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)break out   (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up 打碎；(关系)破裂，分手；(会议等)结束give up 放弃，交出【教材原句】Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up.2 000美元是一大笔钱，但瑞恩没有放弃。give away  泄露；出卖；捐赠    give back  归还；使恢复give in   投降；屈服，让步    give in to   屈服于…，向…让步give off  发出(气味、光、热、声音等)  give out  分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；发表；用完determined adj. 下定决心的；坚决的；意志坚定的【教材原句】He was determined to help other children have clean water. 他决心帮助其他孩子喝干净的水。be determined to do sth. 下决心去做某事  determine v. 决定；确定；测定；下定决心determination n. 决心；坚定；毅力disability n．残疾，残障；缺陷take up 开始从事；占据；拿起【教材原句】Since 1953, UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with diseases or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems.自1953年以来，联合国儿童基金会就开始履行一项长期的使命，帮助发展中国家的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受到快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。disabled adj. 有残疾的，无能力的 able adj. 能；能够；有才能的    be able to do 能够做某事unable adj. 不能，不会的     be unable to do 不能做某事enable v. 使能够       enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事ability n. 能力；才能；本领    the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力take away 拿走；带走；夺走    take down 记下；拆卸take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；接受，接纳 take on 呈现；雇用；承担take off 脱下；起飞；休假；(事业)腾飞；匆忙离去；移除，删除take over 接管，接任sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生气的【教材原句】He's sensitive and rather serious, which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.他敏感而且相当严肃，这有时使他显得有点儿书生气。be sensitive to 对……敏感generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑【教材原句】She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，帮助别人从不犹豫。be generous with sth. 不吝惜某物    be generous to sb.  对某人慷慨It is generous of sb. to do sth.  某人做某事真是慷慨大方generosity n.  慷慨，大方hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决hesitation n. 犹豫，迟疑     without hesitation 毫不犹豫地assistance n．帮助，援助play an important role/part in 在…中起重要作用【教材原句】In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.在中国，志愿者在环境保护、残疾人救助及许多其他领域也正发挥着越来越重要的作用。with the assistance of...  在……的帮助下assist v. 帮助，援助      assist (sb.) in doing sth.  帮助(某人)做某事assist sb. with sth.  在某事上帮助某人 assistant n. 助理，助手 play the part of 扮演……角色be/get involved in 被包括在…中；参与，参加；牵涉进，被卷入【教材原句】Think about other voluntary work you would like to be involved in, and have a similar conversation.   想想你想要参与的其他志愿工作，并进行类似的对话。 involve vt. 包含，包括；涉及；使参加；使卷入involve doing sth. 包括做某事    involve sb./sth in (doing) sth. 使某人/物介入(做)某事be/get involved with 参与；卷入；涉及on/upon doing… 一…就…【教材原句】On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.一离开学校,温顿就去了德国和法国的银行工作。 “一…就…”几种表达方法：as soon as       immediately/directly/instantlythe moment/minute/second/instant   hardly/scarcely...when...no sooner...than...aid v. 帮助，援助【教材原句】In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis.                            1938年12月，一位朋友邀请温顿去布拉格帮助那些逃离纳粹的人。aid sb. in/with sth. = aid sb. in doing sth.  帮助某人做某事first aid 急救         financial aid 经济援助with/without the aid of   在/没有…`的帮助下  in aid of  为了帮助…the majority of  大多数rise to one's feet 站起身来as 当…时；因为；正如；像…一样；作为；即使，尽管（从句须倒装） 【教材原句】A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet.当大多数人站起来时，温顿震惊地看着。the majority  大众，大多数人major adj. 较大的；主要的；n. 专业；v. 以……为专业，主修minority n. 少数        minor adj. 较小的；次要的；v. 辅修escape from 从…逃脱，逃离【教材原句】He went to Prague to help refugees escape from the Nazis. 他去布拉格帮助难民逃离纳粹的魔掌。 escape to逃往        escape narrowly 侥幸逃脱have a narrow escape 死里逃生be confident about... 对……有信心【教材原句】He’s always confident about everything. 他对任何事都很自信。have/show confidence in 对……有信心  lose confidence in... 对……失去信心with confidence 自信地confident adj. 有信心的，确信的    confidently adv. 自信地achievement n. 成绩，成就【教材原句】Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.后来，温顿因他的成就获得了各种荣誉，包括2003年的爵士称号，以及2014年捷克政府的最高荣誉——白狮子勋章。a sense of achievement 成就感    make a great achievement 取得伟大的成就achieve vt. 完成，实现，达到    achieve/realise one’s dream/aim实现某人的梦想/目标treatment n. 治疗；疗法；对待【教材原句】Worked as the leader of a research team aiming to discover a treatment for malaria.在一个旨在发现疟疾的治疗方法的研究小组里担任领导。under treatment 正在治疗treat v. 治疗；对待，看待；招待，款待；n. 招待，款待treat sb like/as... 把某人当……看待  treat sth seriously 认真对待某事treat sb/oneself to 用…款待某人/自己  It’s my treat. 我请客 
  过去分词作定语结构：done位置：1)         前置定语：通常情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。2)         后置定语：过去分词短语或某些单个过去分词作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后意义：1)         过去分词作后置定语时表被动2)         过去分词作前置定语时可表被动、完成或“感到…的”修饰人organized crime 有组织的犯罪（表被动）boiled water 开水（表完成）  fallen leaves 落叶（表完成）excited 感到激动的    frightened 感到害怕的过去分词（done）与现在分词（doing）作前置定语的区别过去分词作前置定语时可表被动、完成或“感到…的”修饰人现在分词作前置定语时可表进行或“令人感到…的”修饰物或事boiling water 沸水（表进行）  falling leaves 正在下落的落叶（表进行）exciting 令人激动的    frightening 令人害怕的，吓人的非谓语动词作后置定语的所有结构： 主动被动一般doingdone将来to doto be done进行 being done  一、    根据首字母或中文提示完成句子。1．（2023秋·广东肇庆·高一统考期末）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven_________(主要的) states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 2．（2023·全国·高一期末）After the earthquake many ________(疾病) spread quickly in that area and killed many people. 3．（2023秋·重庆·高一西南大学附中校考期末）The elderly man made unbelievable ________ (贡献)towards reducing industrial accidents in the last century.4．（2023秋·广东广州·高一统考期末）The money was ______(赠) by a local businessman. 5．（2023秋·重庆九龙坡·高一统考期末）Taking risks is the only way employees can provide________(有效的）and efficient customer service. 6．（2023秋·浙江衢州·高一统考期末）Zhong Nanshan, a medical scientist, has made a great c_____________ to the control of the COVID-19. 7．（2023秋·江苏泰州·高一靖江高级中学校考期末）Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a s ________ human soul brings them to our attention. 8．（2023·全国·高一期末）Attitude plays a m________ role in achieving what we want. 9．（2022春·天津·高一校联考期末）The little fish are very s_______ to water temperature and hare hard to raise. 10．（2022春·广东江门·高一校考期末）He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing c________ (癌症) patients.二、 用单词的适当形式完成句子1．（2023秋·吉林·高一统考期末）Those who love nature are more likely to make ________ (contribute) to wildlife preservation.2．（2023秋·重庆·高一西南大学附中校考期末）The Southwest University provides a variety of ________(major), ranging from education to psychology, for students to choose from.3．（2023秋·重庆·高一重庆市松树桥中学校校考期末）With the government’s help, those people________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.4．（2023秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一校考期末）I am glad to say the new rules will become ___________ (effect) in the next few days.5．（2023秋·山东淄博·高一校考期末）A team of scientists________ (lead) by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.6．（2023秋·重庆长寿·高一重庆市长寿中学校校考期末）We have decided to take no________ (far) action after the discussion..7．（2022春·河南信阳·高一信阳高中校考期末）The organization is called Root Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm ________ (found).8．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈九中校考期末）In Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle ______ (injure) in a forest fire.9．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考期末）These charities depend on the sympathetic feelings and ______ (generous) of the general public.10．（2023秋·山东淄博·高一统考期末）Imagine mountains _____(wrap) in silver water, shining in the spring sun.三、单项选择1．（2023秋·天津·高一耀华中学校考期末）The girl ________ in an orange astronaut suit was the only student at her school to join the important activity on April 20.A．dressing B．to be dressed C．having dressed D．dressed2．（2023秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一校考期末）His cousin was very____ to give him so much money for buying CDs.A．attractive B．generous C．charming D．effective3．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第二中学校考期末）Anne’s diary, first ________ in 1947, has become one of the world’s most widely read books and ________ into 67 languages.A．publishing; is being translated B．published; is being translatedC．publishing; has been translated D．published; has been translated4．（2023秋·江西吉安·高一江西省泰和中学统考期末）The country environment was having a _______ effect on children’s health.A．full B．positive C．little D．major5．（2022春·天津·高一校联考期末）________ for his athletic ability and devotion, Kobe Bryant has been regarded as an idol by most young basketball fans.A．Admiring B．To be admired C．Admired D．Be admired6．（2022春·湖南邵阳·高一统考期末）The experiment _____in your article is interesting.A．mentioned B．to mention C．mentioning D．mention7．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈九中校考期末）A high increase in investment will lay a solid _______ for economic growth in the near future.A．registration B．foundation C．confirmation D．institution8．（2022春·天津东丽·高一统考期末）Most colleges now offer students a lesson ______ to help them succeed.A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed9．（2022春·天津和平·高一校联考期末）Mr. Zhang has retired, but he still remembers the happy time________ with his students.A．to spend B．spend C．spending D．spent10．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期末）The actress, ______ for her wonderful acting skill, will be interviewed by Mongo TV next week.A．to know B．knowing C．being known D．known11．（2022秋·广东广州·高一华南师大附中校考期末）The goods ______  on the Internet are cheaper than ______ we buy in shops.A．be bought; that B．bought; those C．bought; that D．be bought; those12．（2022秋·江西吉安·高一统考期末）We cannot always______ the traditions handed down to us from the past.A．establish B．observe C．donate D．forgive13．（2022秋·上海金山·高一上海市金山中学校考期末）The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved14．（2022秋·广东广州·高一铁一中学校联考期末）With reference to your ________ position, I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for.A．being advertised B．being advertising C．advertised D．advertising15．（2022秋·广东广州·高一华南师大附中校考期末）Friendship, ______ on mutual respect and ______ feelings and activities, tends to last long.A．based; shared B．basing; shared C．based; sharing D．basing; sharing