专题03 必修三Unit 3知识点与语法梳理精练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

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专题03  【知识串讲】必修三Unit 3知识点与语法梳理精练
press v. 按；压；n. 按；压；印刷；出版社【教材原句】Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go.现在我要按一下摇杆，机器就开动了。press the button   按按钮     Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press外研社pressure n. 压力shoot (过去式shot；过去分词shot) v. 射出(光、亮等)，放射；射击，发射；投篮，射门；拍摄，摄影【教材原句】A faint blue light shot across it, darkening to purple, and presently she could see the image of her son,  who lived on the other side of the earth, and he could see her.一道微弱的蓝光射过它，暗到紫色，不一会儿她就能看见她儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也能看见她。shoot a bullet 发射子弹   shoot a movie 拍电影    shoot a basket 投篮得分advance n. 进步，进展；前进；预先　v. 前进；提出；发展；提前flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔韧的　【教材原句】For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments.例如，柔性电池以及虚拟现实与可穿戴技术的进步都意味着我们应该很快就会看到进一步的发展。advance on/towards 朝着…前进    make advances in 在…方面取得进步in advance 预先,提前      advanced adj. 高级的,先进的flexibly adv. 灵活地　      flexibility n. 灵活性；柔韧性；适应性desire n. 渴望，欲望，愿望；v. 渴望，期望；想要【教材原句】But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and that's the real spirit of invention.但仍然重要的是，我们非常渴望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事  desire for sth. 想要某物desire to do sth.   渴望做某事     desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事desire that... (should) do sth. 渴望…做某事in addition 此外，另外【教材原句】In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。 in addition to = besides = apart from 除…之外in terms of 依据，按照；就…而言；从…角度【教材原句】In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.就环境而言，现在有可能创造一个智能步行屋。be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好    in the long/short term  长远/短期而言what's more 除此之外，另外，而且【教材原句】What's more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco­friendly, too.除此之外，太阳能技术的巨大进步意味着它也可以是环保的。what's more = besides = in addition = moreover = furthermore 另外，除此之外lead to 导致，引起，造成【教材原句】Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.现在，能源供应的减少和环境污染导致了新能源汽车技术的更大进步。lead to some place 通往某地     lead to one's/sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事lead sb. to do sth.  带领某人做某事；导致某人做某事强调句式：It is/was＋被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)＋that(被强调部分指人时也可用who)＋其他部分inspire v. 鼓舞，鼓励，激励；启发；给某人创作灵感【教材原句】So what is it that inspires us to invent things？那么是什么激励我们进行发明的呢？ 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分？ 强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？inspire sb. to do sth 激励某人去做某事  inspiration n. 鼓舞;启示;灵感;鼓舞人心的人/物inspired adj. 激动的;得到灵感的    inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的injure v．使受伤，弄伤【教材原句】And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D­printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!而且不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西，人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印的龟壳！ injured adj. 受伤的      injury n. 伤害，损害accurate adj. 准确的；精确的；逼真的【教材原句】He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.他还研制了一种和公历一样精确的历法。 be accurate in… 在某方面精确    to be accurate 精确地说 accurately adv. 精确地，准确地    accuracy n. 精确;准确cure vt. 治愈；治好；n. 疗法，治疗【教材原句】Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.目前，还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善患有这种疾病的人的生活质量的方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为 a cure for sth.  某疾病的治疗方法   take a cure  接受治疗 beyond prep. (表位置)在或者往……另一边；(表时间)晚于；(表排斥)除……以外；(表数目)多于；(表程度)超出……的范围；(表范围)超出【教材原句】Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.   在未来80年内，我们的生活可能会被3D打印改变得面目全非。beyond one's control  超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制beyond comparison 无与伦比    beyond one's reach 够不着，超出……之外beyond one's power/ability  超出某人的能力 beyond words/description  无法形容，难以言表beyond question  毫无疑问     beyond belief  难以置信beyond repair  无法修补significant adj. 重要的；影响深远的；重大的；显著的to date 至今，到目前为止【教材原句】But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.   但是,也许迄今为止人类取得的最重大的成功是在医学领域。 significance n. 重要性,重大意义    be of (great) significance/importance to...对…有(重要)意义attach significance/importance to... 认为……重要  significantly adv. 显著地;有重大意义地out of date 废弃的;过时的;陈旧的   up to date 直到最近的;现代的,时新的set a date  选定一个日子     have a date 有约会go on a date 赴约       date from/date back to 追溯到declaration n.  宣布；宣告【教材原句】Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790)是美国的开国元勋之一，帮助起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法。declare sth. 宣布某事     declare that... 宣布/宣告……declare for/against 声明赞成/反对    declare war on / against   向……宣战focus on 专心于；专注；关注【教材原句】An essay title often contains an explicit or implicit question which your essay should focus on answering. 文章标题通常包含一个明确或隐含的问题，你的文章应该集中精力回答这个问题。focus one's attention/energy/mind on 集中某人的注意力/精力/心思于attach vt. 系，绑，贴【教材原句】A metal key was attached to the string. 绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。attach...to....  把…附加在…上    attach importance to...  认为…重要/有意义attached adj.  附属的，依恋的，爱慕的  be attached to...  附属于；依恋于；爱慕attachment n.   附属物，附件come up with 提出；想出【教材原句】Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.   一些人甚至质疑苹果掉在牛顿头上并导致他提出万有引力理论的故事。come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出come about 发生       come across 穿过(路、桥)；（偶然）遇到，发现come to a conclusion 得出结论    when it comes to... 当谈到……account n. 描述，记述；解释，说明；账户；v. 认为，看作；解释，说明while conj. 当…时；而，然而；虽然，尽管【教材原句】In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实是受到一个掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸到了他的头。give an account of  给予描述；进行说明   open an account  开一个账户take sth. into account/take account of sth. 认真考虑某事on account of 由于，因为     on no account 决不account for (在数量和比例上)占，占据；是…的原因；对…做出解释和说明contribute to/towards 对…作出贡献；导致；有助于along with 和…一起 【就远原则】【教材原句】Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 富兰克林和许多其他科学家一起，启发并教导我们，科学实验对于确立真理和为后来的科学发现和发明做出贡献是非常重要的。contribute...to...  将……捐献给……contribution n. 贡献      make contributions/a contribution to... 为…做出贡献 就远原则：由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but，including, besides，in addition to等引起的结构跟前面的主语保持一致。  He, along with his friends, is going shopping. neither…nor… 既不…也不…，两者都不 【就近原则】【教材原句】However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.   然而，这个故事和这个实验的细节都不完全是真的。 就近原则：谓语动词的人称和数与最近作主语的词语保持一致，常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or，either... or...,  neither... nor..., not only... but also...及there be句型中。  Neither Anna nor I am interested in high finance.Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.conduct v. 传导(热、电)；实施，进行；指挥；引导　n. 行为，举止；管理【教材原句】A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.   一道闪电击中了风筝,电通过绳子传到了钥匙上。conductor n. (乐队等)指挥；列车长；售票员  conduction n. 传导bad/good conduct 恶劣的行为/良好的行为  under the conduct of 在……指导/管理下conduct oneself  做人，为人die from死于【教材原句】But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock.   但是科学家们都认为如果富兰克林真接触了钥匙,他肯定早就死于电击了。die from 由外部原因造成的死亡      die of 用于死因存在于人身体之内die away (尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失,停止;自行消失  die out 灭绝,消失
  现在完成时的被动语态结构： 主动：have/has (not) done   被动：have/has (not) been done现在完成时的意义：1)         强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，译为“已经…”，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用，。The machine has already been repaired. 2)         表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与since引导的时间状语连用。More than 100 famous films have been showed in the city since July.现在完成时的时间状语标志：already 已经      yet 已经；还      recently/lately 最近(ever) since 自从…以来   so far/ up to now/ till now/ until now/ by now 迄今为止in recent years   在最近几年里  in/during/over the past/last years   在过去的几年里现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在没有影响，与现在无关；现在完成时强调一个过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果和影响，与现在有关。He has worked in Beijing for 5 years. 他已经在北京工作5年了。（现在还在北京）   He worked in Beijing for 5 years, but now he works in Tianjin. 他在北京工作了5年，现在在天津工作。（在北京工作是过去的事，与现在无关，所以用一般过去时）被动语态中的动词短语：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不能省略。Recently the environmental problems have been paid attention to. 近来环境问题已经得到了关注。
  一、    根据首字母或中文提示完成句子。1．（2023秋·吉林松原·高一松原市实验高级中学校考期末）The thought ________ (闪耀) through my mind that he could be lying. 2．（2022春·重庆·高一校联考期末）They are a particularly interesting ________(物种) because they form lifelong partnership. 3．（2022春·天津·高一校联考期末）We should adopt __________(科学的) methods and manage our time well when studying. 4．（2022春·广东汕头·高一统考期末）Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ______ (灵活的) options to exercise. 5．（2022春·广东揭阳·高一统考期末）Customs play a ________ (有重大意义的) role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time.6．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第二中学校考期末）It doesn’t take other factors into a________, like age and forgetfulness. 7．（2022秋·广东东莞·高一东莞市东华高级中学校考期末）Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank a________. 8．（2023秋·北京·高一北京市十一学校校考期末）We need male subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the e__________(实验).9．（2022春·黑龙江佳木斯·高一佳木斯一中校考期末）While sleeping, astronauts must a________(绑) themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.10．（2022春·山东滨州·高一统考期末）The intelligent walking house is c______ (有能力的) of using GPS technology to travel to different places. （根据中英文提示填空）二、    用单词的适当形式完成句子1．（2023秋·黑龙江鹤岗·高一鹤岗一中校考期末）Good books ________ (have) an effect on me since my childhood. 2．（2023秋·广东东莞·高一统考期末）In the past few years, China ______ (make) rapid progress in high-tech industries. 3．（2023秋·上海奉贤·高一统考期末）It is the first time that the football players ________ (set) foot upon the land of Qatar. 4．（2023秋·重庆南岸·高一重庆第二外国语学校校考期末）Our understanding of this disease ________ (advance) rapidly in the past few years. 5．（2023·广东广州·高一执信中学校考期末）Mary said some bad things about me, but I have__________(forgive) her for that. 6．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期末）An ______ (injure) policeman was led away by colleagues. 7．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期末）All our results are published in ______ (science) journals. 8．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈九中校考期末）Not only the president, but also his parents _______ (shoot) dead twenty years ago. 9．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考期末）A habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or ______ (mental) as one reads. 10．（2022秋·江苏无锡·高一统考期末）The finishing touches are being put to a new swimming pool and recently our workout rooms_______ (update) with modern equipment. 三、单项选择1．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）I ______ a habit of running in the morning since I was in kindergarten.A．keep B．kept C．have kept D．had kept2．（2023秋·天津武清·高一统考期末）It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song ______.A．in advance B．in particular C．in panic D．in addition3．（2023秋·广东广州·高一执信中学统考期末）In the last thirty years, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______sharply.A．will be increasing B．has increased C．were increasing D．have increased4．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·高一兰州一中校考期末）There is a lot of meaning________ to the colors and decorations at a Chinese wedding.A．attaching B．to attach C．attached D．attach5．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）So far, Chinese engineers _____  great achievements when it comes to the development of the High-speed trains.A．make B．made C．have made D．are making6．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）Though he only began his work 3 months ago, he is now a teacher that________ respect from parents and students.A．has gained B．are gained C．have gained D．is gained7．（2023秋·天津南开·高一崇化中学校考期末）－Are you excited now?－Of course. This is the first time that I ______ in such a beautiful garden city.A．travel B．will travel C．would travel D．have travelled8．（2023秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一校考期末）Lily helped me when I was in trouble, but asked for nothing_______.A．in return B．in relief C．in charge D．in addition9．（2022春·天津·高一校联考期末）The engineer is thought to be ________ and modest, so his promotion to manager is a popular decision.A．emotional B．accurate C．hesitant D．capable10．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈九中校考期末）When asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more _______ working hours, which can help them balance work and life.A．capable B．flexible C．available D．sustainable11．（2022春·广东·高一华南师大附中校考期末）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ______, it is important that we try.A．Moreover B．Furthermore C．In addition D．Nevertheless12．（2022春·天津河西·高一统考期末）You can ______ the small and unnoticeable device to your pet so that you can easily find it.A．conduct B．attach C．press D．draft13．（2022春·广东深圳·高一统考期末）After taking online courses for two months, students missed their teachers and classmates very much, so all of them ________ to go back to school.A．hesitated B．happened C．desired D．refused14．（2022春·广东深圳·高一统考期末）The man gave a detailed ________ of what had happened, which helped the police catch the thief.A．feeling B．guess C．excuse D．account15．（2022春·上海·高一上海市延安中学校考期末）________in everyday life consumers have seen lots of successful examples of advertisements like Kodak, Nike, Coca-Cola, and McDonald’s, there are still some examples that do not reach the expected goal.A．As B．Because C．In addition D．While