专题05 必修三Unit 5知识点与语法梳理精练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

专题05  【知识串讲】必修三Unit 5知识点与语法梳理精练

1. confirm v. 证实，证明

【教材原句】The first people confirmed to have reached the top were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.

第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是在1953年登上去的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺尔盖。

confirm＋sth. / that 从句 / wh­从句  (尤指通过提供更多证据)证实

be confirmed by sb.   被某人认可

It has been confirmed that...  据证实…，已经确认…

confirm sb. in (belief/opinion/view) 使某人确信信念/意见/观点

2. crowd n. 人群　v．拥挤，聚集

【教材原句】Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger.

去年，数以百计的人在一种他们知道会有拥挤、不适和危险的体验上花了很多钱。

a crowd of (crowds of)  一群(成群)…    in the crowd  在人群里

crowd into one's mind  涌入某人的脑海   crowd in (on sb.) (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海

crowded adj.  拥挤的；挤满的；充满的   be crowded with  挤满…；充满着…

3. bring...into focus 使……成为焦点

【教材原句】It brings into focus what's important to you. 它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。

bring/throw sth. into focus  使某物明朗化；使某物突出

come into focus  成为焦点      the focus of attention  关注的焦点

be in/out of focus  焦点对准(没有对准)   focus on/upon  集中(注意力、精力等)于

focus one's attention/thoughts/mind/eyes on...  集中注意力/思想/心思/目光于……

4. attempt n./v. 努力，尝试

success n. 成功；成功的人或事

failure n. 失败；失败的人或事

【教材原句】With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure...

大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么失败……

attempt to do sth.  尝试做某事     make an attempt to do/at doing sth.  试图做某事

at the first attempt  第一次尝试

succeed v. 成功，达成；达到目的    succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事

successful adj. 成功的       successful in (doing) sth. 成功做某事

successfully adv. 成功地

fail v. 失败         fail to do 没能做某事

5. refer to...as... 把…称为…

thrill n. 惊险，刺激

【教材原句】He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”， with the “T” standing for “thrill”．

他把这些人的性格称为“T”型，其中“T”代表“刺激”。

refer to 提及，谈到；参考，查阅；涉及，与…有关；指的是

reference n. 提及；参考；查阅     reference book 参考书;工具书

It's a thrill to do sth.  因做某事而激动   a thrill of doing sth.  因做某事而激动

a thrill of sth.  一阵强烈的感觉

thrilled adj.  非常兴奋的      thrilling adj. 惊险的，扣人心弦的

thriller n. 惊险小说

6. turn around转身，翻转

【教材原句】There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.

有一千个理由转身，继续前行的只有一个。

turn down  调低；拒绝     turn up  开大；调大；出现

turn out  结果是；证明是；生产；出现；在场

turn to  求助于；翻到(某页)    turn one's back to  背对；背弃；对……置之不理

7. figure out 计算出；理解，弄明白

【教材原句】It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.

它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，弄清楚当你想停下来的时候，你是否真的有足够的体力、脑力和韧性去推动它。

 carry out 执行，实施      die out 灭绝，消失

work out计算出；制定；锻炼；解决   break out 爆发

8. be up to 取决于;胜任;忙于;多达

【教材原句】It’s totally up to you. 这完全取决于你。

 It’s up to you. 取决于你，由你决定   up to now 迄今为止

up to date  最新的;时髦的;现代的   up-to-date adj. 最新的;时髦的;现代的

9. unaware adj. 未觉察到的，未意识到的

【教材原句】At first, the sea was calm and we spent our days working, fishing and playing cards, happily unaware that we wouldn't be back for a very long time.

起初，大海是平静的，我们整天都在高兴地工作、钓鱼和打牌，没有意识到我们要很长时间才能回来。

 be unaware of sth. 没有意识到某事   be unaware that… 没有意识到…

 unawareness n. 无意识，不知道

 aware adj. 知道的，意识到的    be aware of 知道，意识到

 awareness n. 知道；意识，认识

10. put up举起；搭建；张贴；（提供）住宿；提供；提出；提高

【教材原句】Did you put up the tent? 你搭建帐篷了吗?

put aside 把…放在一边；储存…备用  put away 收拾好，放好

put down 记下；放下；镇压    put forward 提出；拿出

put off 推迟，延期      put out 扑灭；出版

put through 接通电话；完成；使经受  put up with 容忍，忍受

11. once adv. 一旦；一次；曾经，一度；从前

【教材原句】Once the wound is cleaned and dry, cover it with a bandage. 一旦伤口清洁、干燥，就用绷带包扎。

 all at once突然       at once 马上,立刻;同时

once and for all 一劳永逸地;彻底地   once or twice 一两次;几次

once upon a time 从前      once again/more 再一次

once and again  一再，再三     once in a while 有时,间或,偶尔

12. if necessary 如果需要的话

【教材原句】Go to hospital if necessary. 必要时去医院。

 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话    if any 如果有的话

if possible 如果有可能      if so 如果这样的话

if not 如果不；不然的话

13. injury n. 伤，损害

【教材原句】...but three friends got injured. 但是三个朋友受伤了。

do an injury to sb.  伤害某人    be an injury/injuries to sb./sth.  是对某人/某物的伤害

injure v. (尤指在事故中)使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)

injured adj. 受伤的，有伤的

14. be known as 作为…而出名；被称为；被认为是

【教材原句】Although regarded as the most dangerous road in the country, it is also known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views and the raw beauty of the landscape.

虽然被认为是全国最危险的道路,但它也因其惊人的景观和风景的原始美而被称为“天路”。

 be known/famous for 因/以…而闻名/出名 

be known to 为…所熟知     be famous as 作为…而出名

15. view n. 风景；视野；观点，见解 v. 观看；注视；考虑

【教材原句】The views were fantastic! 景色太美了！

 come into view 进入视野；看得见   in view of 由于;鉴于;考虑到

in one’s view/opinion 在某人看来；依某人的看法

view...as... 把…看作…

16. gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地

【教材原句】Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared.

在更远处，光线变暗成深蓝色的细微色调并逐渐消失了。

gradual change  逐渐变化     a gradual change in climate  气候的逐渐变化

a gradual process  一个循序渐进的过程  a gradual increase  逐渐增长

17. charge n./v. 主管；负责；控告；掌管；费用；电荷

【教材原句】They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.

他们被捕获并带进了潜水艇，在那里他们遇到了负责人尼摩船长。

free of charge＝for free 免费

in/under the charge of... 在……掌管之下；由……照料

in charge of...  掌管…；负责…(表状态)  take charge of...  掌管…；负责…(表动作)

charge sb. some money for sth.  因某事向某人收取……的费用

charge sb. with doing＝accuse sb. of doing 指控某人犯…罪

be charged with...  被控告

18. ahead of 在…前面；提前；领先；胜过

【教材原句】Ahead of its time, the submarine is also a secret from the rest of the world.

因为领先于它所处的时代，潜水艇对世界其他地方来说还是一个秘密。

ahead of time  提前       go ahead  说吧，做吧，干吧；继续

push ahead with  努力推进      go right ahead  直接说吧

19. permit v. 允许，准许，许可 n．许可证

【教材原句】In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.

为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诉他的三个新乘客，他们不准离开潜水艇。

permit sb. sth.  允许某人某事    permit sb. to do sth.  允许某人做某事

permit doing sth.  允许做某事

permission n.  允许，许可

with/without one's permission  在某人的许可下/未经某人的许可

ask for/get one's permission  请求/获得某人的允许

20. adapt v. 改编；使适应

【教材原句】In this part adapted from a chapter of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed...

在这一部分改编自该书的一章,阿伦纳克斯描述了在海床上行走的经历…

 adapt (oneself) to使…适应于…    adapt sth. from 根据…改编某物

adapt ...for  为…而改写/改编

adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的   adaptation n. 适应;改编;改写本

21. while conj. 当…时；而，然而；虽然，尽管

【教材原句】While Ned Land can think only of escaping, Aronnax and Conseil are fascinated by their adventures in the new underwater world.

尼德兰只想着如何逃脱，而阿罗纳克斯和孔塞伊被水下的精彩历险所吸引。

22. relate v. 相联系，有关联；讲述

【教材原句】Words are not enough to relate such wonders！那次奇遇是语言无法描述的！

relate...to...  把…和…联系在一起  relate sth. to sb.  向某人叙述/讲述某事

relate to...  和…有关联；理解

related adj.  相关的；有(亲属)关系的 be related to...  和…有关的；和…有联系的

relation n. 关系      in/with relation to 关于

relationship n. 关系，联系

23. astonish v. 使吃惊，使惊讶

【教材原句】The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power.

阳光照亮了海面下三十英尺的地方，它的力量使我吃惊。

It astonishes sb. that...  令某人感到吃惊的是… 

What astonishes sb. is...  使某人吃惊的是…

astonished adj.  吃惊的（修饰人）  be astonished at/by... 对…感到惊讶

be astonished to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶 be astonished that... 对…感到惊讶

astonishing adj.  令人吃惊的（修饰物）

astonishment n.  惊讶，吃惊   to one's astonishment  让某人感到惊讶的是

in astonishment  惊讶地

24. distinguish v. 辨别；看清，认出

【教材原句】... and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.

我能清楚地认出在一百五十码远的物体。

distinguish between...and...  区分/辨别…和…  distinguish...from...  使…有别于…

distinguish oneself (as...)   (作为……)表现突出 distinguish oneself by...  某人因…而突出

distinguished adj.  卓越的；著名的；杰出的  be distinguished for...  因…而出名

25. surround v. 环绕，围绕

【教材原句】Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.

事实上，我周围的这片海水不过是比地球的大气层还重的另一种空气，但几乎同样清澈。

surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.  使某人/物包围某人/物

be surrounded by/with...  被…包围

surrounding adj. 周围的      surroundings n. 环境

26. make sense有道理；可以理解，讲得通

【教材原句】Then think about what other words would make sense in the sentence.

然后想想还有什么其他的词可以在这个句子中讲得通。

a sense of humour/ security/ direction/ fear　幽默感/安全感/方向感/恐惧感

the moral sense道德观念     a sixth sense 第六感觉，第六感官

common sense 常识      make sense of 弄懂，理解

in a/one sense 在某种意义上    in no sense  决不

there is no sense in (doing) sth. (做)某事毫无意义

过去将来时

1. 定义：过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 结构：

1)  would (not) do

2)  was/were (not) going to do

3)  was/were (not) about to do

4)  was/were (not) to do

5)  was/were (not) doing（非延续动词）

3. 用法：

1)         一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。

He said he would never go there again.

2)         用于虚拟语气中。

If I were you, I would not do that.

1．（2023秋·吉林·高一校联考期末）His __________ (失败) to return her phone call made her realize that something was wrong.

2．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第二中学校考期末）The figures are a useful ________ (指引，指导) when buying a house.

3．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第二中学校考期末）It has been ________ (确认) that the meeting will take place next week.

4．（2023秋·广东佛山·高一统考期末）The police ________ (包围) the killer so he couldn’t run away.

5．（2023·山东菏泽·高一统考期末）Why did the Egyptian government want to a______(尝试) the building of the dam.

6．（2022春·广西南宁·高一南宁三十六中校考期末）The old woman has g______ (逐渐) recovered from her injury.

7．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市第二中学校考期末）The building work will go ahead, despite protests from local r________.

8．（2023秋·山东临沂·高一临沂第四中学校考期末）Falling from a horse, the film star suffered several neck and leg i_________.

9．（2022春·天津·高一校联考期末）Students are not p__________ to smoke or drink.

10．（2022春·江苏常州·高一统考期末）Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, which d________ him from other landscape poets.

二、    用单词的适当形式完成句子

1．（2023秋·江苏盐城·高一统考期末）He promised me if we won the game, he ______ (buy) us a round of drinks．

2．（2023秋·江苏淮安·高一统考期末）When Nadim invited me to his sister’s wedding, I knew it _________ (will) be the opportunity of a lifetime.

3．（2023秋·吉林长春·高一长春市第六中学校考期末）The only true ________(fail) is not to try, because your effort in itself is a success.

4．（2023秋·北京·高一北京市十一学校校考期末）Tom was not sure how his parents _____ (react) to his decision.

5．（2023秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一校考期末）His _________ (injure) in the football match was slight.

6．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨市第三十二中学校校考期末）________ (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.

7．（2022春·四川成都·高一校考期末）________(aware) that the mushrooms were poisonous, she picked some for dinner, which caused her father’s death.

8．（2022春·黑龙江双鸭山·高一双鸭山一中校考期末）Mike told me that he ________(visit) the Disneyland the next day.

9．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期末）Travel ______ (broad) your mind and leaves you good memories.

10．（2022春·山东济宁·高一统考期末）Though no life ________ (confirm) on Mars so far, scientists are hopeful it’s just hiding.

三、单项选择

1．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）The famous scientist said that she ______ to her motherland soon.

A．had returned B．has returned C．would return D．will return

2．（2023秋·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore may be made to fill every gap with conversation.

A．approach B．adjustment C．accomplishment D．attempt

3．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）The old man was very happy when he ______ by the lovely kids.

A．is surrounded B．was surrounded C．would be surrounded  D．had surrounded

4．（2022春·北京·高一北京师大附中校考期末）To lead a green life, remember not to leave the light on when you go out. Additionally, LED lights can be a better choice as they ________ very less power.

A．consume B．assume C．resolve D．converse

5．（2022春·北京·高一北京师大附中校考期末）All entrances to the national park are ________ closed due to the dangerous flooding caused by the recent heavy rain.

A．annually B．gradually C．initially D．temporarily

6．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考期末）In computing, if you ______ a file to a message that you send to someone, you send it with the message.

A．tie B．relate C．connect D．attach

7．（2022春·广东江门·高一统考期末）John told his mother he ________ it out in an hour.

A．will figure B．would figure C．figured D．had figured

8．（2022春·广东深圳·高一统考期末）— Sir, please ________ your order before signing your name.

— OK. Let me check it again.

A．remove B．confirm C．permit D．attach

9．（2022春·上海·高一上海中学校考期末）He is _________ with first degree murder in deaths of 10 pedestrians.

A．accused B．occupied C．irritated D．charged

10．（2022秋·北京·高一北京师大附中校考期末）The research has ________ that those who suffer from stress have higher risk of getting sick.

A．confirmed B．reflected C．charged D．diagnosed

11．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期末）They said they ______ me know as soon as they got there.

A．would let B．will let C．had let D．has let

12．（2023秋·天津宝坻·高一天津市宝坻区第一中学校考期末）Before seeing The Revenge of Prince Zidan, I wasn’t sure whether I ______ it. But after experiencing it, I found I was deeply attracted by it.

A．had enjoyed B．enjoyed C．was enjoying D．would enjoy

13．（2022秋·黑龙江鸡西·高一密山市第一中学校考期末）She said that she ________her work the next day.

A．will finish B．would finish C．finishes D．finished

14．（2021春·广东珠海·高一统考期末）Miss Meredith said she ______ until she achieved her dream.

A．will not retire B．would not retire C．had retired D．has retired

15．（2021春·全国·高一期末）She to work when the telephone rang.

A．is going B．will go C．was about to go D．is to go