2023年浙江省杭州市临安区中考英语一模试卷（含解析）

这是一份2023年浙江省杭州市临安区中考英语一模试卷（含解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，阅读理解，补全对话-填空，阅读判断，阅读填空，单词拼写-单句，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年浙江省杭州市临安区中考英语一模试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）

一、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
A group of boys wanted to help some orphans（孤儿） .They planned to（1） ______ money for them so that they could go to school.
They wanted to ask people for donations （捐赠）.The first man they（2） ______ was a person sitting on a chair.They saw him through the door.He was scolding（责备） a boy for tearing（撕扯）a piece of unused paper into（3） ______ .He was very angry and（4） ______ the boy not to waste paper.
The boys didn't want to waste time there.When they decided to（5） ______ away，the gentleman called them in and asked them to take a seat.They didn't know（6） ______ to begin.They looked at one another when the gentleman asked the（7） ______ of their visit.When they（8） ______ him they wanted to collect money for the orphans，he asked them to wait.As they were waiting，hot snacks were（9） ______ to them.
The gentleman gave an envelope to them and asked them to open it and have a look.They are（10） ______ to see a check for ＄1，000，000.He told them to make good use of it and donate it to the local（11） ______ .The gentleman knew that they were not going to enter the house（12） ______ they saw him scolding the boy for wasting paper.He said to them， "I am not unkind，but saving what we have is a good（13） ______ .We can spend every penny we save on the most（14） ______ thing this way." That day the boys were extremely delighted.They couldn't thank（15） ______ enough.
1.  A. collect B. have C. save D. spend
2.  A. turned on B. turned down C. turned to D. turned off
3.  A. groups B. points C. books D. pieces
4.  A. advised B. warned C. forced D. allowed
5.  A. put B. give C. go D. stay
6.  A. that B. how C. which D. what
7.  A. purpose B. result C. situation D. value
8.  A. asked B. thanked C. ordered D. told
9.  A. bought B. served C. cooked D. prepared
10.  A. surprised B. interested C. comfortable D. proud
11.  A. schools B. hospitals C. cinemas D. theaters
12.  A. if B. when C. until D. although
13.  A. habit B. duty C. chance D. future
14.  A. interesting B. embarrassing C. important D. exciting
15.  A. us B. them C. her D. him

三、阅读理解（本大题共12小题，共24.0分）
A
When did the first man appear？Although early humans didn't leave any written records，they left many paintings on the walls of the caves （洞穴） where they lived.From these paintings，we know that early humans walked on four limbs.Also，they did not live at one place but moved from place to place in search of food and water.
Without any tools，early humans used stones and wood to dig and cut their food.They also used these to protect themselves from animals.Because stones were used to make tools，this age was called Stone Age.
With time going，tools made of stones and wood were replaced （代替） with metal ones.Metals（金属） were also used for farming and making knives.
The first fire that early humans noticed was natural fire caused by lightning.With fire，early humans could now light up dark caves.They could keep themselves warm during cold weather and cook meat.Also the fire could drive animals away.
Early humans noticed new trees growing from the seeds （种子） that fell to the ground from the fruits.This gave them the idea that they could make their own food by planting seeds，which led to farming.With the beginning of farming，early humans began to live in one place.They moved out of the caves and lived on farms and near the fields together，then the first villages appeared.
Raising animals changed the life of early humans.The wild dogs were probably the first animal to be raised.As time went，goats，sheep，cows，and horses were kept，too.This led to herding （畜牧业）.
17. Why did early humans have to move from place to place？ ______
A. To look for food and water.
B. To look for stones to make tools .
C. To look for seeds to plant trees.
D. To look for a safer place to live in.
18. What did early humans do with fire？ ______
A. Make knives. B. Drive animals away.
C. Plant seeds. D. Raise animals.
19. When did early humans begin to live in one place？ ______
A. When they could make tools.
B. When they could light up dark caves.
C. When they knew how to farm.
D. When they knew how to make fire.
20. Which of the following is true according to the passage？ ______
A. The first tools were made of metals.
B. The first animal to be raised was goats.
C. The first villages appeared before Stone Age.
D. The first fire noticed by early humans was caused by lightning.
B
Sea turtles （海龟） live in the sea most of the time.The beaches in Florida are home to sea turtles.Female sea turtles come here from the ocean to lay eggs.Then they return to the ocean.However，the number of some of these turtle species is falling.They are in danger.So people in Florida work together as a community to protect them.
Some volunteers take direct action to help the turtles.They look closely at the sand to find out where the sea turtles lay their eggs.Then they help bury （埋藏） the eggs in order to save them from being destroyed. They also help people who are studying sea turtles.
Florida's government has passed laws to save the turtles.One of these laws is "Florida's Marine Turtle Protection Act".This law prevents anyone from destroying sea turtles nests or eggs.It helps protect the turtles from dying out.
People also work together to save the turtles through organizations （组织） like the Sea Turtle Conservancy.For example，the bright light from buildings near the beach can influence sea turtles.The baby turtles may get lost.Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die.The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with house owners to make the lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly.They also advise people to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach.
In a word，everyone can do their part to protect sea turtles and their living places.People in Florida can work as volunteers to clean up the beaches and pick up their own litter.Everyone in the community has the power to make a difference!
21. What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to？ ______
A. Some volunteers. B. Sea turtles.
C. Sea turtle eggs. D. Communities.
22. What does Florida's government do to help sea turtles？ ______
A. Pass laws. B. Bury the eggs.
C. Study turtles. D. Set up organizations.
23. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. The bright light has a bad influence on sea turtles.
B. The baby turtles are in danger of getting lost.
C. The Sea Turtle Conservancy offers help to save sea turtles.
D. People who live near beaches turn off their lights at night.
24. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text？（ P=Paragraph）？ ______
A. B.
C. D.
C
Should I repair it or replace （更换） it when a much-used home appliance （家用电器） suddenly stops working？It is hard to decide.
Almost every family has faced this difficult question.There are so many things to consider，from the cost to the influence on the environment.However，you may not have much time to make a decision just imagine living without a fridge in the summer.
According to a recent survey，more than 94 percent of the 12500 participants （参与者） chose to repair a broken appliance.Only 6 percent chose to replace the appliance.Did they make a wise decision？
I think it is helpful for you to make a decision if you can work out the current （当前的） value of your appliance.When you buy a new home appliance，write down its cost and the number of years you expect it to last.Divide the cost by the number of years and you will know how much value the appliance loses each year.When the appliance breaks down，you can quickly work out its current value.If a repair costs more than the appliance's current value，you should buy a new one to replace the appliance.Otherwise （否则），you can consider repairing it.
According to this rule，if a washing machine breaks down when it is eight years old，you should replace it.For fridges，that number is nine.And for vacuum cleaners，it is seven.What do you think of this rule？How do you decide whether to repair a broken appliance or to replace it？Have you ever felt sorry about your decision？
25. What may most people do when a much-used home appliance suddenly stops working according to the survey？ ______
A. Have it repaired. B. Buy a new one.
C. Go on living without it. D. Make a decision slowly.
26. What does the underlined phrase "breaks down" in paragraph 4 mean？ ______
A. Stops working. B. Costs much. C. Loses value. D. Gets repaired.
27. After how many years should we replace a fridge when it is broken？ ______
A. Six years. B. Seven years. C. Eight years. D. Nine years.
28. Which of the following should be the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Is it a wise decision？ B. Felt sorry about your decision？
C. Repair or Replace？ D. How to repair home appliances？
第II卷（非选择题）

二、补全对话-填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
16.
How to achieve your goals？
We all have goals that are important to us.Do you want to know how to achieve them？Here are some useful tips for you.
（ 1） ______
Set one clear goal at a time for yourself.Without a clear goal，you may feel lost at the beginning.Make sure that it has personal meaning to you.Try to remember your goal as you try to achieve it.
（ 2） ______
The act of writing down what you are going to do is a strong motivator （动力）.Use action verbs to write down your goals.Also record what your reward will be for achieving the goal.
（ 3） ______
Share your goal with a trusted friend or with your family and ask them for advice.The help from others will help you keep going，especially when you meet difficulties.
（ 4） ______
Small wins are a way to achieve a bigger goal.Break a big goal down into smaller and easier steps.You can finish your small goals in a short period each time.Small wins add up to big ones!
（ 5） ______
Being active and open can help you face difficulties.No matter how bad the situation is，you can always find something good in it.Believing that you can achieve your goals makes all the difference in your success.

A.Stay positive （乐观）
B.Use "small wins"
C.One goal at a time
D.Give yourself time
E.Get help from others
F.Put your goals in writing

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

四、阅读判断（本大题共3小题，共6.0分）
A blog by Frank，aged 15
I didn't like attention drawn to myself in class.Unless assigned （指定） a seat by the teacher，I always chose to sit at the back of the classroom.
All these changed after I joined a sports team.It began when a teacher suggested I join a Ping-Pong team.At first I refused because I couldn't even play Ping-Pong.But the teacher kept encouraging me "going for it"，so I decided to give a try.
Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts （选拔赛） was only the half of it.Luckily，I passed them.Before attending the practice sessions （练习赛），all the players need to know the rules of the game.I was the only one "new" at the game，so I decided to do my best at each training.Soon I knew the rules and the "moves".Being part of a team was fun and encouraging.With time，I learned how to play and made friends in the process.I never had so much fun and was so confident!
Now I have more self-confidence in myself.Every time I meet problems，my teacher's "going for it" rings in my ears.
29. Who encouraged Frank to join a Ping-Pong team？ ______
A. His teacher. B. His friends. C. His parents. D. His classmates.
30. What need Frank do before attending the practice sessions？ ______
A. Learn to encourage others. B. Learn the rules.
C. Learn how to make friends. D. Learn how to play.
31. What does this passage want to tell us？ ______
A. Joining sports teams is helpful. B. Go for it，and we will make it.
C. Team spirit is very important. D. Pay more attention to study.
五、阅读填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
32. Do you find that you learn things faster than your parents sometimes？Congratulations，you could be right.Scientists have found the reason（1） ______ children learn faster than adults.
Scientists at Brown University，US，found that school-aged children learn new knowledge and（2） ______ （ skill）faster than grown-ups.This has something to do with a chemical（化学物质）called GABA in our brains.It reduces brain noise so that we can learn things more（3） ______ （easy）.It also（4） ______ （make）new knowledge stay longer in our heads.
The scientists scanned（扫描）the brains of children（8-11 years old） and adults（18-35 years old）before，during，and after doing（5） ______ learning task.It turned out that when children learn new things，the amount of GABA rises quickly.But there's little change in adults' brains.This tells us why children are（6） ______ （good） learners than adults.
The finding，the scientists said，should encourage teachers and parents（7） ______ （let）children learn anything from riding a bike（8） ______ playing an instrument in their childhood.It could also（9） ______ （use）to help adults learn faster by increasing the amount of GABA in（10） ______ （they） brains.The best way of increasing GABA is to get enough sleep and exercise.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
六、单词拼写-单句（本大题共10小题，共10.0分）
33. Aron Ralston w ______ a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place in 2005.
34. We value the t ______ we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.
35. It is very helpful to be able to s ______ a foreign language.
36. Tim likes all subjects e ______ science because he thinks it's too difficult.
37. B ______ clouds are making the sky very dark.It is going to rain.
38. My sister likes chicken and salad for d ______ in the evening.
39. John f ______ to lock the door when he left the classroom yesterday.
40. Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful c ______ in the world.
41. B ______ Amy and Lisa can play the drums，but Amy plays them better than Lisa.
42. J ______ is the sixth month of the year in the Western calendar.

七、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
43. 假定你是李平，请阅读以下邮件并回复。词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Hi Li Ping!
How is everything going？I plan to be at your school for the exchange visit next term.And I can spend the Mid-Autumn Festival with you.I'm really exited about it!
Well，why am I writing right now？For one thing，I really want to know something about this Festival.Also，I am interested in Chinese traditional art forms.So could you introduce one of them to me？
Hope to hear from you soon.
Jack
Dear Jack，


Li Ping

答案和解析

1~15.【答案】A、C、D、B、C、B、A、D、B、A、A、B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：他们计划为他们募捐，这样他们就可以上学了。collect募捐；have拥有；save储蓄；spend花费。根据下文中"They wanted to ask people for donations （他们想要人们募捐）"可知，这里应该是他们计划募捐。故选A。
（2）考查动词短语。句意：他们求助的第一个人是一个坐在椅子上的人。turned on打开；turned down拒绝；turned to向……求助；turned off关闭。根据上文"They wanted to ask people for donations （他们想要人们募捐）"可推测，这里指他们求助的第一个人。故选C。
（3）考查名词。句意：他正在责备一个男孩把一张没用过的纸撕成碎片。groups组；points点；books书；pieces块。根据常识可知，撕扯一张纸，纸会变成碎片。故选D。
（4）考查动词。句意：他非常生气，并告诫这个男孩不要浪费纸张。advised建议；warned警告；forced迫使；allowed允许。根据"He was very angry（他很生气）"和"not to waste paper（不要浪费纸张）"可推测，这个人应该是在告诫男孩不要再这么做。故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：当他们决定离开时，这位先生把他们叫了进来，让他们坐下。put放；give给；go离开；stay停留。根据上文可知，这群男孩看到这个人因为一个男孩撕纸而非常生气，他们认为这个人不会捐钱，所以不想在那浪费时间。由此可推测，他们应该是决定离开。故选C。
（6）考查疑问词。句意：他们不知道如何开始。that那个；how如何；which哪个；what什么。根据上文可知，这群男孩来找这个人募捐但是因为这个人的行为而不抱希望；再结合下文"They looked at one another when the gentleman asked the ...of their visit（当这位先生问……他们的访问。）"可推测，这群男孩不知如何开始。故选B。
（7）考查名词。句意：当这位先生问他们来访的目的时，他们面面相觑。purpose目的；result结果；situation情况；value价值。根据下文"they wanted to collect money for the orphans（他们想为孤儿募捐）"可知，这个人问的是那群男孩的来访目的。故选A。
（8）考查动词。句意：当他们告诉他他们想为孤儿募捐时，他让他们等一等。asked询问；thanked感谢；ordered命令；told告诉。根据上文中的"asked（问）"和后面"they wanted to collect money for the orphans（他们想为孤儿募捐）"可知，这里应该是这群男孩在告诉这个人他们来访的目的。故选D。
（9）考查动词。句意：在他们等待的时候，热腾腾的零食被端上来了。bought购买；served端上；cooked烹饪；prepared准备。根据上文可知，这个人让这群男孩等一等，再结合"hot snacks（热乎乎的小吃）"可推测，这个人是在招待这群男孩，served最符合语境。故选B。
（10）考查形容词。句意：他们惊讶地看到一张100万美元的支票。surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的；comfortable舒服的；proud骄傲的。根据上文可知，这群男孩对找这个人募捐不抱希望，再结合"see a check for ＄1，000，000（看一张100万美元的支票）"可推测，他们应该很惊讶。故选A。
（11）考查名词。句意：他告诉他们要好好利用它，并把它捐给当地的学校。schools学校；hospitals医院；cinemas电影院；theaters剧院。根据上文可知，这群男孩募捐的目的是让那些孤儿可以上学，由此可推测应该是把钱捐给学校。故选A。
（12）考查连词。句意：这位先生知道，当他们看到他责备那个男孩浪费纸张时，他们不会进屋。if如果，引导条件状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据上文可知，这群男孩看到这个人因为一个小男孩撕纸而生气时不抱希望并决定离开，因此这里表达的应该是"当他们看到他责备那个男孩浪费纸张时，他们不会进屋"，应填when。故选B。
（13）考查名词。句意：他对他们说："我不是不友善，但把我们所有的东西都存起来是一个好习惯。我们可以把存下来的每一分钱都花在最重要的事情上。"habit习惯；duty责任；chance机会；future将来。结合常识可知，"saving what we have（保存我们所拥有的）"应该是一个好习惯，habit最符合语境。故选A。
（14）考查形容词。句意：他对他们说："我不是不友善，但把我们所有的东西都存起来是一个好习惯。我们可以把存下来的每一分钱都花在最重要的事情上。"interesting有趣的；embarrassing令人尴尬的；important重要的；exciting令人兴奋的。这个人因为一个小男孩浪费一张没有用过的纸而生气，但却捐给这群男孩一张100万美元的支票，因此可推测这个人会把存下来的每一分钱用在重要的事情上。故选C。
（15）考查人称代词宾格。句意：他们对他感激不尽。us我们；them他们；her她；him他。根据上文可知，这个人捐给这群男孩很多钱，因此这群男孩应该是感谢他。故选D。
本文主要讲述了一群男孩帮助孤儿募捐时发生的一件事。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。

16.【答案】【小题1】C
【小题2】F
【小题3】E
【小题4】B
【小题5】A
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据第三段Set one clear goal at a time for yourself.（每次为自己设定一个明确的目标。）可知说的是每次设定一个目标，结合选项，应说一次一个目标。故选C。
（2）根据第五段 The act of writing down what you are going to do is a strong motivator （动力）.（把你要做的事情写下来是一个强大的动力。）可知说的是写下要做的事是强大的动力，结合选项，应说把你的目标写下来。故选F。
（3）根据第七段Share your goal with a trusted friend or with your family and ask them for advice.（与你信任的朋友或家人分享你的目标，并向他们寻求建议。）可知说的是与朋友家人分享目标并向他们寻求建议，结合选项，应说寻求他人的帮助。故选E。
（4）根据第九段 Small wins are a way to achieve a bigger goal.（小的胜利是实现大目标的途径。）可知说的是小的胜利是实现大目标的途径，结合选项，应说利用"小胜利"。故选B。
（5）根据第十一段Being active and open can help you face difficulties.（积极和开放可以帮助你面对困难）可知说的是积极和开放有助于面对困难，结合选项，应说保持乐观的心态。故选A。
文章主要提出了五条如何实现目标的提示。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答

17~20.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据第一段Also，they did not live at one place but moved from place to place in search of food and water.（此外，他们没有住在一个地方，而是从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物和水。）可知人们从一个地方搬到另一个地方是为了找食物和水。故选A。
（2）根据第四段With fire，early humans could now light up dark caves.They could keep themselves warm during cold weather and cook meat.Also the fire could drive animals away.（有了火，早期人类可以照亮黑暗的洞穴。他们可以在寒冷的天气里保暖，还可以做饭。此外，大火可能会赶走动物。）可知早期人类用火照亮洞穴，保暖，做饭和赶走动物。故选B。
（3）根据第五段With the beginning of farming，early humans began to live in one place.（随着农业的开始，早期人类开始在一个地方生活。）可知当人类知道如何耕种的时候开始在一个地方生活。故选 C。
（4）根据第四段The first fire that early humans noticed was natural fire caused by lightning.（早期人类注意到的第一个火是由闪电引起的自然火。）可知第一个火是由闪电引起的。故选D。
本文主要介绍了早期人类社会的发展。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

21~24.【答案】A、A、C、C
【解析】 （1）代词指代题。根据第二段Some volunteers take direct action to help the turtles.They look closely at the sand to find out where the sea turtles lay their eggs.Then they help bury （埋藏） the eggs in order to save them from being destroyed.They also help people who are studying sea turtles.（一些志愿者采取直接行动来帮助海龟。他们仔细观察沙子，找出海龟在哪里产卵。然后，他们帮助埋葬鸡蛋，以防止它们被破坏。他们还帮助研究海龟的人。）可知说的是志愿者是怎样帮忙救助海龟的。所以they指代的是一些志愿者。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Florida's government has passed laws to save the turtles.（佛罗里达州政府已经通过了拯救海龟的法律。）可知佛罗里达州政府已经通过了拯救海龟的法律，以此救助海龟。故选A。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段People also work together to save the turtles through organizations （组织） like the Sea Turtle Conservancy.（人们还通过海龟保护协会等组织共同努力拯救海龟。）及通读全段可知主要说的是海龟保护协会为拯救海龟提供帮助。故选C。
（4）篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题海龟处于危险中，弗罗里达州的人们保护海龟；第二三四段分别介绍了志愿者，政府及一些阻止是怎样保护海龟的；最后一段总结弗罗里达州的每个人都在保护海龟。所以文章的结构上总-分-总。故选C。
本文主要讲了弗罗里达州的人们是怎样保护海龟的。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

25~28.【答案】A、A、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段According to a recent survey，more than 94 percent of the 12500 participants （参与者） chose to repair a broken appliance.（根据最近的一项调查，在12500名参与者中，超过94%的人选择修理坏了的电器。）可知根据这项调查，大部分人选择修理坏了的电器。故选A。
（2）语义猜测题。根据you can quickly work out its current value.If a repair costs more than the appliance's current value，you should buy a new one to replace the appliance.（你可以很快算出它的当前值。如果维修费用超过了家电的当前价值，你应该买一个新的来更换家电。）可知说的是计算家电的当前值，如果维修费用超过当前值救更换家电。由此可以推测这个家电坏了，不工作。所以break down是"停止工作"。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段For fridges，that number is nine.（对于冰箱来说，这个数字是9。）可知用了九年后，当冰箱坏了可以更换。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Should I repair it or replace （更换） it when a much-used home appliance （家用电器） suddenly stops working？It is hard to decide.（当一个经常使用的家用电器突然停止工作时，我应该修理它还是更换它？这很难决定。）及通读全文可知，文章主要说的是电器坏了是修理还是更换。所以最佳标题是"修理还是更换"。故选C。
本文阐述的是电器坏了是修理还是更换。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

29~31.【答案】A、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It began when a teacher suggested I join a Ping-Pong team.（事情开始于一位老师建议我加入乒乓球队。）可知，是他的老师鼓励 Frank 加入乒乓球队的，故选：A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段第三句Before attending the practice sessions，all the players need to know the rules of the game.（在参加训练之前，所有的对员都需要知道比赛的规则。）可知，参加练习前Frank需要学习规则，故选：B。
（3）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲作者过去在学校很害羞，加入体育队之后慢慢开始发生变化，他开始变得更加自信，不再总藏在教室后排且开始勇于回答问题。从而告诉我们为之努力，我们会成功的。故选：B。
本文主要讲作者过去在学校很害羞，加入体育队之后慢慢开始发生变化，他开始变得更加自信，不再总藏在教室后排且开始勇于回答问题。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

32.【答案】【小题1】why
【小题2】skills
【小题3】easily
【小题4】makes
【小题5】a
【小题6】better
【小题7】to let
【小题8】to
【小题9】be used
【小题10】their
【解析】（1）考查引导词。句意：科学家已经找到了儿童比成人学得快的原因。根据句意，此处是定语从句，修饰先行词the reason（这个原因），设空处这个单词是引导词，这个引导词在这个定语从句中作原因状语，要用why，why可以用于reason后引导定语从句。故填why。
（2）考查名词。句意：美国布朗大学的科学家发现，学龄儿童学习新知识和技能的速度比成年人快。根据句意，skill作"技术；技能"时，是可数名词，前面没有其他词修饰，要用复数形式skills。故填skills。
（3）考查动词。句意：它减少了大脑噪音，这样我们可以更容易地学习东西。根据句意，此处意为更容易地学习东西，使用副词修饰动词。故填easily。
（4）考查副词。句意：这也使新知识在我们头脑中停留的时间更长。根据句意，句子主语为It，属于第三人称单数。make意为：使；使得。它的第三人称单数形式是makes。故填makes。
（5）考查冠词。句意：科学家们在完成一项学习任务之前、之中和之后扫描了儿童（8-11岁）和成人（18-35岁）的大脑。根据句意，此处意为一项学习任务，learning是辅音音素开头单词，前面的不定冠词要用a。故填a。
（6）考查形容词。句意：这告诉我们为什么孩子比成人更擅长学习。根据后面的than（比），可知此处使用形容词比较级修饰名词。故填better。
（7）考查动词。句意：科学家们说，这一发现应该鼓励老师和家长让孩子在童年时期学习任何东西，从骑自行车到演奏乐器。根据句意，此处使用encourage sb.to do sth.，意为：鼓励某人做某事。故填to let。
（8）考查介词。句意：科学家们说，这一发现应该鼓励老师和家长让孩子在童年时期学习任何东西，从骑自行车到演奏乐器。根据句意，此处使用from...to...，意为：从...到...，故填to。
（9）考查动词。句意：它还可以被用于通过增加他们大脑中GABA的含量来帮助成年人更快地学习。根据句意，此处使用被动语态，结构为be+动词的过去分词，前面有情态动词，所以用be used。故填be used。
（10）考查代词。句意：它还可以被用于通过增加他们大脑中GABA的含量来帮助成年人更快地学习。根据句意，此处使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，指代前面的adults，所以用their。故填their。
文章介绍了布朗大学的科学家发现，学龄儿童学习知识和技能等新事物的速度比成年人快，这是因为我们大脑中的GABA。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。

33.【答案】rote
【解析】根据题干，可知是指阿伦•拉尔斯顿在2005年写了一本名为《进退两难》的书。由in 2005（在2005年）可知，时态是一般过去时，用动词过去式wrote。
故答案为：wrote。
阿伦•拉尔斯顿在2005年写了一本名为《进退两难》的书。
本题考查单词填空，首先要根据语境明确句意，然后再根据相关语法给出答案。

34.【答案】ime
【解析】根据"我们重视在日常生活中与家人和朋友相处的......"，及首字母提示可知，应该是"时间"，填不可数名词time。
故答案为：time。
我们重视在日常生活中与家人和朋友相处的时间。
充分理解句意，再根据提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

35.【答案】peak
【解析】根据题干，可知是指能熟练掌握一门外语是很有帮助的。讲某种语言用speak。考查句型be able to do sth能做某事。
故答案为：speak。
能熟练掌握一门外语是很有帮助的。

本题考查单词填空，首先要根据语境明确句意，然后再根据相关语法给出答案。

36.【答案】xcept
【解析】根据 because he thinks it's too difficult结合首字母可知意思是"蒂姆喜欢除科学以外的所有科目"。 except 除.....之外，介词。
 故答案是except
蒂姆喜欢除科学以外的所有科目，因为他认为它太难了。
首字母填空要根据所给的单词首字母，既要关注句子的含义，又要考虑语法结构，难度比较大，所以做的时候要细心认真。

37.【答案】lack
【解析】根据"......云使天空变得很暗。天要下雨了。"及首字母提示可知，Black clouds"乌云"名词短语，填形容词Black。
故答案为：Black。
乌云使天空变得很暗。天要下雨了。
充分理解句意，再根据提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

38.【答案】inner
【解析】根据"晚上我姐姐......喜欢吃鸡肉和沙拉。"及首字母提示可知，应该是"晚餐"，填名词dinner。
故答案为：dinner。
晚上我姐姐晚餐喜欢吃鸡肉和沙拉。
充分理解句意，再根据提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

39.【答案】orgot
【解析】根据题干，可知是指约翰昨天离开教室时忘了锁门。结合首字母，推出是动词"forget忘记"，由yesterday可知时态是一般过去时，用动词过去式forgot。
故答案为：forgot。
约翰昨天离开教室时忘了锁门。
本题考查单词填空，首先要根据语境明确句意，然后再根据相关语法给出答案。

40.【答案】ities
【解析】根据"杭州是世界上最美丽的......之一。"及首字母提示可知，应该是"城市"。one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，固定句式，填名词city的复数。
故答案为：cities。
杭州是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
充分理解句意，再根据提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

41.【答案】oth
【解析】根据but Amy plays them better than Lisa"但艾米打得比丽莎好"可知，此处是"艾米和丽莎都会打鼓"，both...and...两者都。
故答案为：Both。
艾米和丽莎都会打鼓，但艾米打得比丽莎好。
根据句意及所给首字母提示，符合语法知识，写出答案。

42.【答案】une
【解析】根据the sixth month of the year"一年中的第六个月"，及首字母提示可知，应该是"六月"，填名词June。
故答案为：June。
六月是西方历法中一年中的第六个月。
首字母填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据首字母提示完成试题，注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。

43.【答案】Dear Jack，
   Everything is fine.I'm excited to know that you'll come to China and we can spend the Mid-Autumn Festival together. 【高分句型一】
   It falls on August 15th in Chinese lunar calendar every year.And it's a time for the whole family to get together. 【高分句型二】We usually have a big dinner，admire the moon and share mooncakes.As for the Chinese traditional art forms，paper cutting is one of them.It has been around for over 1500 years.The red paper is cut with scissors and the pictures are usually flowers，animals and things about Chinese history.（介绍中秋节的一些相关信息）
   Enjoy your stay in China.
  Li Ping
【解析】 【高分句型一】
I'm excited to know that you'll come to China and we can spend the Mid-Autumn Festival together.我很高兴知道你会来中国，我们可以一起度过中秋节。I'm excited to know that+宾语从句。
【高分句型二】
And it's a time for the whole family to get together.这是一个全家团聚的时刻。to get together不定式作目的状语。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。