精品解析：广东省广州市执信中学2022-2023学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市执信中学2022-2023学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版），共29页。

2022-2023学年度第一学期
高一级英语科12月阶段性训练
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共11页，满分为110分。考试用时90分钟。
注意事项：1.请先在纸质版问卷上做题，再使用Ai学平板上传选择题答案;
2.请使用点阵笔在Ai学平板上进行第二卷答题。
第一部分 选择题(共75分)
二、单项选择(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
1. When people talk about the most popular new Chinese Internet words in 2017, the first one ________ comes into their minds is “taolu”.
A. which B. that C. what D. of them
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当人们谈论2017年最流行的中文网络新词时，他们首先想到的是“套路”。定语从句comes into their mind修饰先行词the first one，that引导定语从句并在句中做主语。当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时关系代词用that，而不是which，故选B。
2. What surprised me was not what he said but the way ________ he said it.
A. in which B. which C. in that D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：使我吃惊的不是他说了什么，而是他说话的方式。当定语从句的先行词是 the way 时，其关系词有三种表达形式that、in which或省略关系词。故选A。
3. We consider Home Coming to be one of the best films ________.
A. that have shown B. that have been shown this year
C. that you talked D. that has been shown this year
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：我们认为《回乡之旅》是今年上映的最佳影片之一。分析句子结构并结合选项，that引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the best films，所以从句谓语应用复数形式，可排除D项。the best films和show之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，可排除A项。C项中talked为不及物动词，缺少about，可排除。结合句中的consider和B选项中的this year，这里应用现在完成时。故选B。
4. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有两座大楼，其中较大的那座大楼大约有100米高。结合选项和句意可知，“ stands nearly a hundred feet high.”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two buildings，先行词在从句中作the larger of后的宾语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D项。
5. Meetings ________ only two languages are used may need only one interpreter, while larger events ________ leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.
A. which; where B. where; which
C. where; where D. which; which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：只使用两种语言会议可能只需要一名口译员，而许多国家领导人聚集的大型活动可能需要70多名口译员。第一个空前meetings是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where引导。第二个空前events是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故选C。
6. The medical worker, along with his colleague, ________ thousands of citizens in the last three years.
A. serves B. served
C. have served D. has served
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：这位医务工作者和他的同事在过去三年里为成千上万的公民服务。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有 in the last three years作时间状语，所以用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果。along with并列主语，谓语选择就远原则，和前面的The medical worker保持一致，助动词用has。故选D。
7. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。
8. The millionaire looked forward to ________ his old house in his hometown, but when he arrived, he found his hometown much ________.
A find; change B. finding; changing
C. found; changed D. finding; changed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词和过去分词。句意：那个百万富翁盼望着在家乡找到他的老房子，但当他到达时，他发现他的家乡变了很多。根据“but when he arrived”可知，此处是指盼望着在家乡找到他的老房子，look forward to doing意为“盼望做某事”，为固定搭配，所以应用动名词作宾语。动词change意为“改变”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语hometown构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选D。
9 I was driving to London _______ I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. when B. that
C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正开车去伦敦这时突然发现我走错路。be doing when+从句是固定句型，表示“正在做某事，这时......”，故选A。
10. Lily is very happy that she has no trouble ________ along with her new classmates in China.
A. got B. to getting C. getting D. to get
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：莉莉很高兴她和中国的新同学相处没有问题。have no trouble doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事毫无困难”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故选C。
11. During the lockdown of the city, they ________the community rather than ________the city.
A. pefered to serve; leaving B. preferred to serve; leave
C. prefered serving; leaving D. preferred serving; leave
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在封锁期间，他们更愿意为社区服务，而不是离开城市。分析句子可知，空处涉及固定句型prefer to do rather than do，表示“宁愿做……而不愿……”。故选B项。
12. It is at Al Bayt Stadium in north Doha ________ the 2022 FIFA World Cup is being held ________ soccer fans can enjoy the charm of soccer.
A. which; that B. where; that
C. 不填; where D. that; which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：2022年世界杯将在多哈北部的阿尔贝特体育场举行，球迷们可以在这里感受到足球的魅力。第一个空前Al Bayt Stadium是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。第二个空是强调句型it is+被强调部分+that，强调介词短语，故选B。
13. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what she was saying.
A. make up B. make of C. make out D. make from
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清自己在说什么。A. make up弥补；B. make of由……制成；C. make out听清；D. make from由……制成。根据后文“what she was saying”指听清自己在说什么，故选C。
14. She requested that no one ________ of her decision until the next meeting.
A. tell B. had told
C. told D. be told
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：她命令，直到下次会议，不能告诉别人他的决定。 request表示“要求”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，宾语从句中使用that…(should )+动词原形表示虚拟。且no one与tell之间是被动关系，故选D。
15. Wild animals, such as pandas and tigers, ________, so measures should ________ to protect them.
A. dying off; take B. are dying; be being taken
C. are dying away; take D. are dying out; be taken
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析，含情态动词的被动语态。句意：像熊猫和老虎这样的野生动物正在灭绝，所以应该采取措施保护它们。die off意为“相继死去，先后死去”，die away意为“（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失，停止”，die out意为“灭绝，（指某种生物种群因各种原因逐渐减少，最终消失）”，be dying意为“弥留；人命危浅”。根据句意，设空处应用短语die out，用于进行时，表“正逐渐灭绝，濒临灭绝”；第二空的动词take与逻辑主语measure是之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，should后接动词原形，故填be taken。故选D项。
三、阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读补全。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
A

Brought to you by the Audio (声音的) Publishers Association (APA) and created by industry experts, this easy-to-use new website provides valuable and practical resources. They help teachers and parents discover the power of audio-books for use in learning programs. See for yourself how sound learning can promote literacy (读写能 力) for children of all ages.
Visit www.SoundLearningAPA.org to explore the lesson plans, watch the videos, and encourage sound learning today.
16. Which of the following group might benefit most from sound learning?
A. School children. B. Industry experts.
C. Parents of Grade 2. D. High school teachers.
17. How can sound learning help learners?
A. It can help children understand 76% of the text.
B. It can increase both reading accuracy and speed.
C. It can improve other types of learning by 85%.
D It can help increase test scores of all subjects.
18. What can be done with the help of the website?
A. Designing lesson plans. B. Getting useful resources.
C. Selling audio-books. D. Downloading latest videos.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了通过有声书帮助孩子提高阅读的准确性和速度的一个网站。
16题详解】
细节理解题。根据图片下第一段中“See for yourself how sound learning can promote literacy (读写能 力) for children of all ages.(亲眼看看健全的学习如何能提高所有年龄段儿童的识字能力)”可知，学校儿童可能从健全的学习中受益最大，故选A。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据图片中的“INCREASES READING ACCURACY BY 52%(提高了52% 的阅读精准性)”和“INCREASES READING SPEED(提高阅读速度)”可知，声音学习可以帮助学习者提高阅读的准确性和速度。故选B。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据图片下第一段中“Brought to you by the Audio (声音的) Publishers Association (APA) and created by industry experts, this easy-to-use new website provides valuable and practical resources. (由音频出版商协会（APA）提供，由行业专家创建，这个易于使用的新网站提供了宝贵的实用资源)”可知，在网站的帮助下可以获得有用的资源。故选B。
B
Architecture is amazing. It has changed the way I look and interact with the world and my environment. It has trained me to be hyper-sensitive (过度敏感) to the built environment, to recognize problems and find solutions that an untrained eye would never notice.
As much as I love this profession, it is very easy to get lost in architecture. I get so focused that I have forgotten about everything else. Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的) while I was becoming an architect. I faced a lot of obstacles and challenges taking a bicycle ride across the United States. Looking back, cycling across the America was actually one of the smartest things I ever did.
I have actually bicycled across the continental USA twice; East to west. Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean, both times. Bicycling across America isn’t as hard as you think.
I rode alone on my first trip in 2005 from Virginia Beach to the coast of Florence, Oregon. In the end it was 4,547 miles over the course of 77 days.
I left for the second trip in 2007 with my two best friends from Bar Harbor, Maine to Portland, Oregon, which was a 4,886 mile ride over 90 days. At that time, I fell in love with the idea of leaving the east coast behind, starting a whole new life and career in a new city. I ended up in Portland. After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog.
I share all this not to convince anyone to go biking across America, but only to share how doing this has changed my life. Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn’t everything. Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, traveling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the internet, my dog, and even yoga. My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.Becoming an architect is a noble pursuit (追求), but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about. It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.
19. What’s the advantage of cycling according to the author?
A. Changing his negative attitude to architecture.
B. Keeping himself focused on his career all the time.
C. Enabling him to find solutions without training.
D. Making him a much better architect and person.
20. What does the author think of his two cross-country bike trips?
A. They are harder than what he expected before.
B. They show the benefits of riding with friends.
C. They give him some positive experiences.
D. They guarantee him a new life and career in Portland.
21. What can be inferred from Paragraph 6?
A. Don’t get completely lost in your hobbies.
B. Don’t abandon hobbies for your profession.
C. Don’t feel ashamed of stopping your hobbies.
D. Don’t weigh your family against your profession.
22. In the last paragraph, the author reminds us to ________.
A. take up the pursuit of becoming an architect
B. find what we are really passionate about
C. appreciate other people’s good will
D. keep other pursuits besides your career
【答案】19. D 20. C 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述骑车给作者带来的改变和非凡体验告诉我们，不能因为事业放弃了生活中的其他追求。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的) while I was becoming an architect. （幸运的是，我对骑自行车的热情让我在成为一名建筑师时保持清醒）”和最后一段的“It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.（这将提升你的建筑事业，最终让你成为一个更有趣的人，在我看来，这真的比成为一个愚蠢的建筑师更重要）”可知，作者认为骑自行车让他成为了一个更好的建筑师和人。故选D。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog. （骑着自行车来到镇上后，我终于找到了一份工作、一个住的地方和一只很棒的狗。）”到第六段作者两次骑车穿越美国的讲述可知，骑车让作者做了自己喜欢的事情，如交友、旅行，收获了意外的惊喜，如在新城市找到新工作，从这些可以看出骑车穿越美国的旅行给了作者一些非凡的体验。故选C。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段的“Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn’t everything. Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, traveling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the internet, my dog, and even yoga. My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.（建筑给了我美好的生活和事业，但它不是一切。谢天谢地，我也非常热爱：我的朋友、旅游、自行车、朋克摇滚、科技、互联网、我的狗，甚至瑜伽。我的建筑背景无疑让我与所有这些东西的关系更加融洽）”可知，职业并非生活中的一切，业余爱好让作者的生活更加和谐。由此推知，我们不能因为职业而放弃自己的业余爱好。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Becoming an architect is a noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about. It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.（成为一名建筑师是一项崇高的追求，但你应该继续追求你所热爱的一切。这将提升你的建筑事业，最终让你成为一个更有趣的人，在我看来，这真的比成为一个愚蠢的建筑师更重要）”可知，作者提醒我们不要用事业代替其他追求，因为其他追求会提升我们的事业，让我们成为更有趣的人。故选D。
C
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tons enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw (吸管) or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
23. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Calling for environment protection.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
24. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a replacement for them.
25. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Relaxing. D. Challenging.
26. What does the text mainly focus on?
A. Artists’ opinions on plastic safety.
B. Media interest in contemporary art.
C. Artworks of transformed plastic waste.
D. Responsibility demanded of big companies.
【答案】23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述海洋里的塑料垃圾被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，极其震撼，从而引发人们对塑料污染的反思。
【23题详解】
推理判断题，根据第一段“You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw (吸管) or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万至1270万吨塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是一根塑料吸管或者一个杯子真的有什么不同吗？艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系)”可推知，Von Wong的艺术作品意在呼吁人们保护环境，故选C。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.(全球只有9% 的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但它们最近受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝水，而且由于它们的体积小和重量轻，它们不能被回收利用)”可推知，作者在第三段中是为了表明他们回收塑料吸管的困难。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品中，Von Wong和一组志愿者收集了超过10000块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，看起来像是从一辆卡车上一次性扔下来的)”可知，Truckload of Plastic这个作品会使观众意识到环境污染的危害，由此可推知，这会让他们感到不安，故选B。

【26题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw (吸管) or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(你听说过塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480万至1270万吨塑料进入海洋生态系统。但是一根塑料吸管或者一个杯子真的有什么不同吗？艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系)”可知，文章主要讲述海洋里的塑料垃圾被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，极其震撼，从而引发人们对塑料污染的反思，故选C。
D
Some words copy the sounds made by the things they describe, like “buzz” or “hiss”or “zip”. But what if the way a word sounds could suggest some other feature of an object like its shape?
A new study suggests not only that it can but that the same word can do so across many languages. Marcus Perlman,a lecturer at the University of Birmingham, says that, a century ago，linguists(语言学家)insisted the words used to refer to various objects and actions are arbitrary(随意的) and that words don't necessarily look or sound like the things they refer to. That makes sense because different languages have different words for the same thing. One person’s pup is another one’s perro. But there’s a lot of evidence now suggesting it is false.
To further explore this connection between words and their meanings, Perlman and his colleagues turned to something called the bouba/kiki effect. With the help of 22 volunteers, the researchers tested it in 25 different languages. Participants were told to look at two shapes-one looks like a cloud which is somewhat round, and the other one is more pointy, maybe looks more like a star-and then listen to the sound: either “bouba” or “kiki”,both of which are totally made up. Then they were asked,“Which one is bouba and which one is kiki?” Most participants said the rounder shape was bouba and the pointy one was kiki. This suggests there is some widely observed connection between the spoken words and the visual features of the shapes.
As to what that could mean about the evolution(演变)of language：imagine our ancestors when they started using spoken words to refer to things. “They couldn’t say ‘Listen, my friend, now we’re gonna call this new object a table.’” So to get the conversation off the ground, they probably tried to come up with sounds that somehow suggested the object at hand.
27. What does the author mean by saying “One person’s pup is another one’s perro”?
A. People have personal preferences for the words they use.
B. A word can mean the same thing across many languages.
C. Different languages have different words for the same thing.
D. The sound of a word reminds people of the shape of an object.
28. How did Perlman study the connection between words and their meanings?
A. By making up new words. B. By interviewing language learners..
C. By conducting an experiment. D. By comparing different languages.
29. What do we know about the bouba/kiki effect?
A. It helps people understand language evolution.
B. It is a language research method created a century ago.
C. It makes little sense when it comes to written language.
D. It shows the differences between round and pointy objects.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. What Is the Shape of a Word? B. How Does Language Develop?
C. Nonsense Words Connected to Shapes D. Language Features Little Known to Linguists
【答案】27. C 28. C 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究表明一个单词的发音方式可以暗示一个物体的其他特征，比如它的形状，而且同一个单词可以跨越多种语言。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“That makes sense because different languages have different words for the same thing.”(这是有道理的，因为不同的语言对同一事物有不同的词汇。)故可猜测，划线句子One person’s pup is another one’s perro。意思为“不同的语言对同一事物有不同的词汇。”故选C项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“To further explore this connection between words and their meanings, Perlman and his colleagues turned to something called the bouba/kiki effect. With the help of 22 volunteers, the researchers tested it in 25 different languages. Participants were told to look at two shapes-one looks like a cloud which is somewhat round, and the other one is more pointy, maybe looks more like a star-and then listen to the sound: either “bouba” or “kiki”,both of which are totally made up. Then they were asked, “Which one is bouba and which one is kiki?” Most participants said the rounder shape was bouba and the pointy one was kiki. This suggests there is some widely observed connection between the spoken words and the visual features of the shapes.”(为了进一步探索单词与其含义之间的联系，帕尔曼和他的同事们转向了bouba/kiki效应。在22名志愿者的帮助下，研究人员用25种不同的语言对它进行了测试。参与者被要求看两个形状——一个看起来像云，有点圆，另一个更尖，可能看起来更像星星——然后听声音：“bouba”或“kiki”，这两个都是完全虚构的。然后他们被问到:“哪个是bouba，哪个是kiki?”大多数参与者说圆形的是bouba，尖尖的是kiki。这表明，口头语言和形状的视觉特征之间存在一些广泛观察到的联系。)故可推知，帕尔曼是通过进行实验来研究词语和词义之间的联系的。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As to what that could mean about the evolution of language： imagine our ancestors when they started using spoken words to refer to things. “They couldn’t say ‘Listen, my friend, now we’re gonna call this new object a table.’” So to get the conversation off the ground, they probably tried to come up with sounds that somehow suggested the object at hand.”(至于这对语言的进化意味着什么：想象一下我们的祖先开始用口语指代事物的时候。“他们不能说‘听着，我的朋友，现在我们要把这个新对象称为表。’”因此，为了让对话顺利进行，他们可能试图想出一些声音，以某种方式暗示手边的物体。)可知。关于bouba/kiki效应，我们知道它可以帮助人们理解语言的进化。故选A项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“But what if the way a word sounds could suggest some other feature of an object like its shape?”(但是，如果一个单词的发音方式可以暗示一个物体的其他特征，比如它的形状，会怎么样呢？)和最后一段中“So to get the conversation off the ground, they probably tried to come up with sounds that somehow suggested the object at hand.”(因此，为了让对话顺利进行，他们可能试图想出一些声音，以某种方式暗示手边的物体。)可知，文章主要讲的是词的发音方式可以暗示一个物体的其他特征，比如它的形状，故文章最合适的标题为“与形状相关的无意义词汇”。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读补全。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。
For four years, as a coordinator (协调员) for the Harvard First Generation Program, I have been sharing bits and pieces of my college experience on this blog. ____31____
The most important lesson I learned in college is that you have to give yourself space and time to grow. When I arrived at Harvard, I thought all my college experiences were just the means to the larger end of stability, success, and happiness. ____32____ Keep your goals in mind and allow them to grow as you push beyond your comfort zone.
Be willing to change your mind. It feels great to win, but you’ll always learn more from your mistakes than you’ll learn from the things you got right the first time. ____33____ It can be hard in the moment, but it’s valuable in the long run.
____34____ I was used to handling life without much external guidance. I thought asking for help was equal to admitting defeat, but that wasn’t true. Once I realized that, it became easier to allow myself to rely on friends for support when I really needed it.
As graduation approaches, I often think about a quote by Morrison: “When you get jobs that you have been so brilliantly trained for, remember that your real job is that if you are free, you need to free somebody else. ____35____ I don’t know what I’ll be doing in five or ten years, but I will be using the resources at my command to live happily with others.
A. Don’t hesitate to turn to others when necessary.
B. Learn to absorb new ideas while remaining true to yourself.
C. It’s OK to care about those things, but don’t box yourself in.
D. If you have some power, then your job is to empower somebody else.
E. Here are some suggestions for those who are to start or finish college.
F. So I’d like to share some unforgettable moments about my college life.
G. Over time, I learned to make space to be a better listener, and to admit when I’m wrong.
【答案】31. E 32. C 33. G 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者结合自身经历向大学新生或即将毕业的大学生提出了一些建议。
【31题详解】
根据上文“For four years, as a coordinator (协调员) for the Harvard First Generation Program, I have been sharing bits and pieces of my college experience on this blog. (四年来，作为哈佛第一代项目的协调员，我一直在这个博客上分享我的大学经历。)”可知，上文讲到作者四年来一直在这个博客上分享他的大学经历的点点滴滴。E项“Here are some ways to boost your immune system. (以下是对即将开始或完成大学学业的人的一些建议。)” 承接上文，这些建议是上文“点点滴滴”的一部分。接下来的一段中的“you have to give yourself space and time to grow (你必须给自己成长的空间和时间)”是一个具体的建议。故选E项。
【32题详解】
根据上文“The most important lesson I learned in college is that you have to give yourself space and time to grow. When I arrived at Harvard, I thought all my college experiences were just the means to the larger end of stability, success, and happiness. (我在大学里学到的最重要的一课是，你必须给自己成长的空间和时间。当我来到哈佛时，我认为我所有的大学经历都只是实现稳定、成功和幸福的途径。)”可知，当作者到达哈佛时，他认为大学经历只是通往稳定、成功和幸福的途径。C项“It’s OK to care about those things, but don’t box yourself in. (关心这些事情是可以的，但不要把自己困在里面。)” 承接上文，those things指的是“stability, success, and happiness”，下文强调保持目标和让目标成长，该选项经but转折之后，与下文在语意衔接上是通顺的。故选C项。
【33题详解】
根据下文“It can be hard in the moment, but it’s valuable in the long run. (现在可能很难，但从长远来看它是有价值的。)”可知，按照行文逻辑，空格处应该是作者的一个具体做法。G项“Over time, I learned to make space to be a better listener, and to admit when I’m wrong. (随着时间的推移，我学会了腾出空间，成为一个更好的倾听者，并承认自己错了。)”中的“I learned to make space to be a better listener, and to admit when I’m wrong.”是下文it的指代内容。故选G项。
【34题详解】
根据下文“I was used to handling life without much external guidance. I thought asking for help was equal to admitting defeat, but that wasn’t true. Once I realized that, it became easier to allow myself to rely on friends for support when I really needed it. (我习惯于在没有太多外部指导的情况下处理生活。我以为寻求帮助就等于承认失败，但事实并非如此。一旦我意识到这一点，当我真正需要朋友的支持时，就更容易让自己依靠朋友了。)”可知，按照行文逻辑，该段首句应该是一个表示“建议”的句子。A项“Don’t hesitate to turn to others when necessary. (必要时不要犹豫去求助于他人。)”在形式上符合要求，并且内容上与下文连接通顺。故选A项。
【35题详解】
根据上文“As graduation approaches, I often think about a quote by Morrison: “When you get jobs that you have been so brilliantly trained for, remember that your real job is that if you are free, you need to free somebody else. (随着毕业的临近，我经常想起莫里森的一句话：“当你得到你训练有素的工作时，请记住你真正的工作是，如果你有空，你需要让其他人获得自由。)”以及下文“I don’t know what I’ll be doing in five or ten years, but I will be using the resources at my command to live happily with others. (我不知道五年或十年后我会做什么，但我会利用我掌握的资源与他人快乐地生活。)”可知，D项“If you have some power, then your job is to empower somebody else. (如果你有一些权力，那么你的工作就是赋予其他人权力。)”在句式特点上，该选项与前面的“If you are free, you need to free somebody else. ”是相同的；在内容上，这两个句子都是在为后文的“利用自己掌握的资源与他人快乐地生活”的具体做法。故选D项。
四、完形填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I became a junior school student, I decided to take Latin (拉丁语) at school. I felt much ____36____ about taking that class, and I was fully expecting to be able to understand every word I’d ever ____37____ once I learned Latin.
But Latin classes were so ____38____. Each day, the teacher Mr. Keady would ask us to open our books and recite aloud the various Latin forms of words. Thus it became the daily ____39____. That went on until I ____40____ my hand one afternoon when we were asked yet again to open our books.
When Mr. Keady asked what was wrong, I ____41____ why I thought that his class was boring how I had ____42____ more, and that his method of teaching was ____43____. When I finished speaking, I ____44____ Mr. Keady would angrily send me to the head teacher. But it turned out that he didn’t do so.
_____45_____, he sat at his desk quietly, looking _____46_____ and tired. After several moments of _____47_____ Mr. Keady spoke. He quietly and strongly said that he would think carefully about what I’d said. And that was it.
In the following weeks, Latin class didn’t become the exciting learning environment I hoped it would, but Mr. Keady did try harder. He _____48_____ some new worksheets and _____49_____ to make us students take part more in his classes.
Maybe some people would _____50_____ what I did but even so many years later, I feel bad about it. If I saw him now, I’d tell him how I _____51_____ what I’d done that day in class, and that I was disrespectful. And at the same time, I’d also tell him that he taught me a wonderful _____52_____ that day. Following my _____53_____ words, he showed me that being hurt doesn’t mean you have to give away your dignity (尊严). _____54_____, Mr. Keady’s response _____55_____ that no matter how hurt you feel, no one can take away your dignity.
36. A. fear B. loneliness C. sadness D. excitement
37. A. come across B. go over C. come along D. pick out
38. A. inspiring B. boring C. interesting D. enjoyable
39. A. routine B. sight C. action D. movement
40. A. set up B. build up C. put up D. pack up
41. A. admitted B. explained C. doubted D. wondered
42. A. suggested B. regarded C. expected D. supplied
43. A. suitable B. scientific C. unusual D. outdated
44. A. guessed B. print C. preferred D. allowed
45. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Thus D. Finally
46. A. stolen B. frightened C. hidden D. beaten
47. A. excitement B. silence C. agreement D. disappointment
48. A. took in B. handed in C. brought in D. gave in
49. A. failed B. hated C. tried D. refused
50. A. express B. cheat C. hide D. clap
51. A. regretted B. avoided C. checked D. believed
52. A. experience B. lesson C. solution D. approach
53. A. unkind B. thankful C. comfortable D. specific
54. A. However B. Unluckily C. Surprisingly D. Indeed
55. A. improved B. proved C. demanded D. struck
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者在拉丁语的课堂上，因为认为拉丁文老师讲课枯燥，当场对老师的授课方式提出意见。尽管老师很伤自尊，但是在随后的教学中努力地改变自己的教学方法。多年以后，作者对自己的所作所为很后悔，同时也从老师身上学到了一个人生道理，不管受到怎么样的伤害，都不要放弃自己的尊严。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对上这门课感到很兴奋，我满心期待着在学习了拉丁语后我就能够理解我遇到的每一个单词。A. fear害怕；B. loneliness孤独；C. sadness悲伤；D. excitement兴奋。根据“and I was fully expecting to be able to understand every word I’d ever ____2____ once I learned Latin.”可知，作者期待通过学习拉丁语就可以理解所有遇见的拉丁单词，作者喜欢上拉丁文课，因此作者对上这门课感到很兴奋。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我对上这门课感到很兴奋，我满心期待着在学习了拉丁语后我就能够理解我遇到的每一个单词。A. come across偶遇；B. go over复习，仔细检查；C. come along出现，一起来，陪伴；D. pick out挑选出。根据“When I became a junior, I decided to take Latin at school.”可知，作者是拉丁文初学者，所以遇到的是拉丁语单词。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是拉丁语课太无聊了。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. boring无聊的；C. interesting有趣的；D. enjoyable快乐的。本句开头有But表示转折，上文作者对于上拉丁文课是期待和兴奋的情绪，此处与上文构成转折，且根据第三段第一句“When Mr. Keady asked what was wrong, I ____6____ why I thought that his class was boring how I had ____7____ more, and that his method of teaching was ____8____.”可知，这里是原词再现。所以，作者认为这拉丁课很无聊。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，这成了我每天的例行公事。A. routine惯例；常规；B. sight视觉，见到，景象；C. action行动；D. movement运动，移动。根据“Each day, the teacher Mr. Keady would ask us to open our books and recite aloud the various Latin forms of words.”可知，以及本句中的Thus，两句话为因果关系，老师要求同学每天大声背诵各种拉丁单词的形式，所以这是每天惯例。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种情况一直持续到一天下午，当我再次被要求打开课本时，我举手示意。A. set up建立，设立；B. build up增进，加强；C. put up举起，建造、提供；D. pack up整理，把……打包。根据“when we were asked yet again to open our books.”可知，作者被要求翻开书本的瞬间，积攒的负面情绪爆发了，作者举起手来表示反抗。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Keady老师问我怎么了，我解释了为什么我觉得他的课很枯燥，我过去怎么对他期望那么高，以及他的教学方法过时了。A. admitted承认；B. explained解释；C. doubted怀疑；D. wondered想知道。根据“That went on until I ____5____ my hand one afternoon when we were asked yet again to open our books.”可知，作者举手了，所以老师询问原因，因此作者解释举手的原因。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Keady老师问我怎么了，我解释了为什么我觉得他的课很枯燥，我过去怎么对他期望那么高，以及他的教学方法过时了。A. suggested建议；B. regarded尊敬；C. expected期望；D. supplied提供。根据“I ____6____ why I thought that his class was boring”可知，作者觉得Keady老师的课很无聊，并向老师解释了作者的期望是什么。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Keady老师问我怎么了，我解释了为什么我觉得他的课很枯燥，我过去怎么对他期望那么高，以及他的教学方法过时了。A. suitable适合的；B. scientific科学的；C. unusual异常的；独特的；D. outdated旧式的；过时的。根据“When Mr. Keady asked what was wrong, I ____6____ why I thought that his class was boring how I had ____7____ more,”可知，作者认为Keady老师的教学方法已经过时了。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我说完，我猜想Keady老师会生气地把我送到班主任那里。A. guessed猜想；认为；B. print打印；C. preferred更喜爱；D. allowed允许。根据上文“When Mr. Keady asked what was wrong, I ____6____ why I thought that his class was boring how I had ____7____ more, and that his method of teaching was ____8____.”可知，作者当面指责了老师，所以作者主观判断，认为老师会非常生气，这样的表述符合语境，也与下文“____10____, he sat at his desk quietly, looking ____11____ and tired.”形成对比，让故事更为曲折。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他安静地坐在办公桌前，看上去疲惫不堪。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead代替；反而；C. Thus因此；D. Finally最终。根据“he sat at his desk quietly, looking ____11____ and tired.”及前文可知，作者认为老师会非常生气，相反，老师安静地坐在办公桌前。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，他安静地坐在办公桌前，看上去疲惫不堪。A. stolen被偷窃的；B. frightened害怕的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. beaten筋疲力尽的。根据“and tired.”可知，Keady老师看上去疲惫不堪。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉默了几分钟后，Keady老师开口了。A. excitement兴奋；B. silence沉默；C. agreement同意；D. disappointment失望。根据“____10____, he sat at his desk quietly, looking ____11____ and tired.”可知，在作者犀利的评价和老师开口说话间的几分钟内，老师安静地坐在办公桌边，沉默了几分钟。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他带来了一些新的练习题，并试图让我们学生更多地参与他的课堂。A. took in接受；欺骗；B. handed in交上；递交；C. brought in引进；带进；D. gave in屈服。根据“and ____14____ to make us students take part more in his classes.”可知，Keady老师将一些新的练习题带进教室。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他带来了一些新的练习题，并试图让我们学生更多地参与他的课堂。他带来了一些新的作业，并试图让我们学生更多地参与他的课程。A. failed失败；B. hated恨；C. tried努力；尝试；D. refused拒绝。根据“In the following weeks, Latin class didn’t become the exciting learning environment I hoped it would, but Mr. Keady did try harder.”可知，尽管拉丁语课堂没有像我希望的那样成为令人兴奋的学习环境，但老师确实是在努力地改变他的教学方式。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许有些人会为我的所作所为鼓掌叫好，但即使这么多年过去了，我还是对当初的举动感到懊悔。A. express表达；B. cheat欺骗；C. hide隐藏；D. clap鼓掌表示赞许。根据“I feel bad about it.”可知，作者后悔当初的举动，句中but表明前句和后句的观点相反。所以是有些人会为作者的所作所为鼓掌叫好。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我现在见到他，我会告诉他我多么后悔那天在课堂上的所作所为，我很不尊重他。A. regretted后悔；B. avoided避免；C. checked检查，核对；D. believed相信。根据“Maybe some people would ____15____ what I did but even so many years later, I feel bad about it.”可知，作者很后悔当初的行为。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我也会告诉他，那天他给我上了精彩的一课。A. experience 经历，经验；B. lesson课，教训；C. solution解决办法；D. approach方法。根据“Following my ____18____ words, he showed me that being hurt doesn’t mean you have to give away your dignity (尊严).”可知，老师被作者伤害了，但不意味着老师放弃了尊严。作者对尊严有所感悟，老师因此而教给作者一个人生道理。固定搭配 teach sb. a lesson意为“给某人上了一课”。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我不友善的话语之后，他让我明白，被伤害并不意味着你要放弃你的尊严。A. unkind不友善的、刻薄的；B. thankful感恩的；C. comfortable 不舒服的；D. specific明确的；具体的。根据“I ____6____ why I thought that his class was boring how I had ____7____ more, and that his method of teaching was ____8____.”可知，作者当众发难老师，言语犀利，态度极为不友好。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Keady老师的回应证明，无论你感到多么受伤，没有人能夺走你的尊严。A. However然而；B. Unluckily不幸地； C. Surprisingly出人意料地；D. Indeed实际上，其实。上文“Following my ____18____ words, he showed me that being hurt doesn’t mean you have to give away your dignity (尊严).”可知，老师的回应方法向作者展示了：老师很受伤，但不意味着他得放弃尊严，同时，作者也没夺走老师的尊严，因为老师也在想方设法，努力地改变他的教学方式，靠自己的努力挽回尊严 。实际上，尊严得靠自己挣，无关乎别人。本句话是对上一句的进一步诠释。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Keady老师的回应证明，无论你感到多么受伤，没有人能夺走你的尊严。A. improved提高；B. proved证明；C. demanded要求；D. struck打。根据“no matter how hurt you feel, no one can take away your dignity.”可知，Keady老师的回应证明了“无论你感到多么受伤，没有人能夺走你的尊严”这一道理。故选B。
第二部分 非选择题(共60分+5分背诵)
五、单词拼写(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
请用M1U5，M2U2所学的单词填空(按中文释义、英文释义+首字母或同根词写出单词的形式)
71-73题：请根据括号内的英文解释和首字母填入单词的正确形式，填入答题卡时需写出完整单词。
56. Biologists are calling for creating a marine nature r________ (an area of land where the animals, birds, and plants are officially protected) to protect the dolphins. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】reserve##eserve
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：生物学家呼吁建立一个海洋自然保护区来保护海豚。根据首字母和英文“保护区动物、鸟类和植物受到官方保护的区域”提示可知，是“保护区”reserve，冠词后用单数名词。故填reserve。
57. Last night, Mr. Byers d________ (to ask for sth. very firmly) an immediate explanation from the Education Secretary. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】demanded##emanded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：昨晚，拜尔斯先生强烈要求教育部长立即作出解释。主语后缺少谓语动词，根据首字母和英文“非常坚决地要求”提示，可知，是动词“要求”demand，根据last night可知，用一般过去时，故填demanded。
58. In his twenties, he worked for all night long and s________ (to try very hard to do sth. when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems) for independence. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】struggled##truggled
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：20多岁时，他通宵达旦地工作，为独立而奋斗。根据首字母和英文“在困难或有很多问题时努力去做某事”提示，是struggle表示奋斗，and并列连词前后连接过去时，故填struggled。
74-80 题：根据括号内的单词填入单词的正确形式。
59. The traders have driven the whales to the edge of ________ (extinct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】extinction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：商人们把鲸鱼逼到了灭绝的边缘。作介词的宾语，应用名词extinction，不可数。故填extinction。
60. She gave an exact__________（describe）of the attacker. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】description
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她准确地描述了袭击者。分析句子结构可知，不定冠词an修饰单数可数名词，设空处需填describe的名词形式，description意为“描述”，是可数名词。故填description。
61. The project looks at how we could be more ________ (effect) in encouraging students to make contribution to our country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】effective
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该项目着眼于我们应该怎样才能在鼓励学生过低碳生活方面更有效。分析句子结构，空处在how引导的从句中作表语，应用形容词effective，与空前的more构成形容词的比较级作表语，表示“更有效的”。故填effective。
62. These days, people have paid more attention to the problems ________ (concern) pollution and the environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】concerning
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：如今，人们越来越关注污染和环境问题。分析句子可知，名词前缺少介词，concerning表示关于，是介词。故填concerning。
63. He left England with the________ (intend) of travelling in Africa. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】intention
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他离开英国的目的是去非洲旅行。空处前面是冠词the，修饰后面的名词；根据英文提示，空处为intend的名词形式intention，此处为抽象名词，不可数；故填intention。
64. 14% of primate species are highly ________(danger). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】endangered
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词endangered，意为“濒临灭绝的”，作表语。故填endangered。
65. American government claims that they will punish those who entered the country ________ (legal). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】illegally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：美国政府声称他们将惩罚那些非法入境的人。修饰动词enter应用副词illegally，作状语。故填illegally。
81-85 题：根据括号内的中文填入单词的正确形式。
66. The medical community continues to make ________ (进步) in the fight against cancer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】progress
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：医学界在与癌症的斗争中不断取得进展。make progress取得进步。根据汉语提示及句意，故填progress。
67. Look at the workers! They ________ (雕刻) symbols on the iron now. (根据汉语提示填空)
【答案】are carving
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：看那些工人!他们正在铁器上刻符号。根据汉语提示“雕刻”是carve，now提示用现在进行时，主语是they，谓语用复数。故填are carving。
68. There is a general change in ________ (态度) towards pop stars who not only enjoy great popularity but also have bad reputation in acting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们对流行歌星的态度普遍发生了变化，他们不仅有很高的人气，而且在表演方面名声不佳。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。根据汉语提示，表示“态度”应用名词attitude。故填attitude。
69. Because of serious infection, the patient needs to have one of his arms ________ (移除) to save his life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】removed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于感染严重，病人需要切除一只手臂以挽救生命。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“移除”对应的动词remove，和被修饰的宾语one of his arms是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动，作宾补。故填removed。
70. There are several thousand ________ (物种) of trees here, many of which are in danger. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】species
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这里有几千种树木，其中许多都处于危险之中。there be +主语，“物种”为名词species，由several thousand可知，应用复数，species单复数同形，故填species。
六、短语填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
请用 M1U4-5，M2U2 所学的短语的适当形式填空。
71. We believe the coach will ________________ (使……展现出最好的一面) us. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】bring out the best in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我们相信教练会让我们发挥出最好的一面。该空宾语从句谓语，“使……展现出最好的一面”表示为bring out the best in somebody，在助动词will后用动词原形，构成一般将来时，故填bring out the best in。
72. _______________ (追溯到) the early Tang Dynasty, the vase on display has a history of over 1300 years. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Dating back to
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词短语。句意：追溯到初唐，展出的花瓶已有1300多年的历史。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“追溯到”对应的动词短语date back to，无被动形式，用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Dating back to。
73. He devoted himself to helping the sick _______________ (通过，借助于) his conventional medical knowledge. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】by means of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他利用自己的传统医学知识致力于帮助病人。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“通过，借助于”对应的介词短语by means of，作状语。故填by means of。
74. Their harmonious relationship _______________ (以……为基础) mutual respect and shows love and understanding. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】is based on
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他们的和谐关系建立在相互尊重的基础上，并表现出爱和理解。表示“以……为基础”应用短语be based on。根据句中并列谓语shows可知，此处应用一般现在时态，主语Their harmonious relationship为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is based on。
75. Previous students have had _________________ (只有，仅仅) praise for the course content and staff. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】nothing but
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：以前的学生对课程内容和教师只有好评。根据汉语提示可知短语为nothing but，故填nothing but。
76. The policies are designed to _________________ (弥合……之间的差距) the rich and the poor. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】bridge the gap between
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这些政策旨在弥合贫富差距。bridge意为“弥合（差异）”，“弥合……之间的差距”可表示为bridge the gap between，放在动词不定式to后用动词原形即可。故填bridge the gap between。
77. West Hampstead has _________________ (各种各样的) good stores and supermarkets. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】varieties of
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和短语。句意：西汉普斯特德有各种各样的好商店和超级市场。根据所给中文提示词，应是固定搭配：varieties of意为“各种各样的”。故填varieties of。
78. The photos _________________ (让我想起) my college days and inspired me to keep on fighting for my goals. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】reminded me of
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些照片让我想起了我的大学时代，并激励我继续为自己的目标而奋斗。“让我想起”是remind me of，代词me作宾语，根据and inspired可知，用一般过去时，故填reminded me of。
79. The support of our members is _________________ (很重要) to the association. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】of great importance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、短语和形容词。句意：会员的支持对协会来说是非常重要的。be of importance是固定短语表示“重要”名词作宾语，形容词great修饰名词importance作定语。故填of great importance。
80. _________________ (当谈到) wildlife protection, all species should be treated equally. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】When it comes to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：当谈到野生动物保护，所有物种都应该得到平等对待。根据汉语提示，这里应用when it comes to...句型，意为“当谈到……”。根据句意，这里表示一般的情况，应用一般现在时。故填When it comes to。
七、单句语法填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(正确形式可使用两个词或以上)。
81. After graduation she reached a point in her career __________ she needed to decide what to do. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业后，她到达了职业生涯中需要决定做什么的时刻（阶段）。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a point, 表示抽象的地点，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。point表示“阶段，地步”时，其后的定语从句可用where引导。故填where。
82. It was after Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states ________ the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是在秦始皇统一七大诸侯国之后，中国的文字制度才开始朝着一个方向发展。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话是强调句型结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子。after Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states是被强调部分，是时间状语，用连词that引导。故填that。
83. In many parts of Asia, influencers are ________ (refer) to as KOLs or key opinion leaders. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】referred
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意：在亚洲的许多地方，有影响力的人被称为KOL或关键意见领袖。be动词+过去分词表示被动语态。refer 过去分词是referred。故填referred。
84. I took part in various activities during my school days, ________ which I gained a lot of experience. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【解析】
【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。句意：我在校期间参加了各种各样的活动，从中我获得了很多经验。分析句子结构可知，本句是介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，此处是固定搭配：gain...from...意为“从……得到……”，所以应该用form which引导。故填from。
85. His speech roused the crowd and ________ (stir) up their emotions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stirred
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的讲话唤醒了群众，唤起了他们的情绪。空格处和动词roused作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填stirred。
86. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln ________ (shoot) at a theatre. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was shot
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：1865年4月14日，林肯在剧院被枪杀。根据“On April 14, 1865”可知，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，Lincoln和shoot是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语也用单数。故填was shot。
87. Small-theater productions can help enhance young people’s ________ (appreciate) of Chinese cultural genres. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】appreciation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：小剧场作品有助于提高年轻人对中国文化类型的欣赏。作动词enhance的宾语，应用名词appreciation，不可数。故填appreciation。
88. Facing the twin burdens of violence and COVID-19 in Afghanistan, she quickly adapted ________ the “new normal”. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：面对阿富汗暴力和COVID-19的双重负担，她很快适应了“新常态”。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：adapt to意为“适应”。故填to。
89. It is so sad that this harbor, which is home to various lives as the Earth’s air conditioner, ________ (threaten) by a big fire now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being threatened
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：令人悲伤的是，这个作为地球空调的各种生命家园的港口，现在正受到一场大火的威胁。主语this harbor后缺少谓语动词，根据now可知，用现在进行时，harbor和threaten是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填is being threatened。
90. The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：屋顶在暴雨中受损的那间古庙宇正在维修中。空处引导定语从句，先行词是temple，指物，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。