2023届河南省豫北名校全真模拟三模英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届河南省豫北名校全真模拟三模英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届河南省豫北名校全真模拟三模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
1．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment.
B．It provides awards for running new businesses.
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D．It offers more summer job opportunities.
2．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15-18. B．15-24. C．15-29. D．16-17.
3．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth. B．Summer Company.
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D．Summer Employment Opportunities.

When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
4．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A．Their target users. B．Their wide popularity.
C．Their major functions. D．Their complex design.
5．What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit. B．Argue.
C．Remember. D．Remark.
6．What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A．They like smartphone games. B．They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C．They keep using landline phones. D．They are attached to their family.
7．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
8．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
9．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
10．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
11．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
12．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment-friendly. B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly.
13．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
14．Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box-set TV. B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
15．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.


二、七选五
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16 .
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
18 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 19
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
20 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind


三、完形填空
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 21 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 22 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 23 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 24 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 25 research results in child developmental psychology 26 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC． Each 27 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 28 . We then asked the child if she could 29 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 30 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 31 children said that they couldn’t 32 to her.
A number of 33 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 34 the questions and knew 35 what was asked of them. Their 36 to the questions reflected their true 37 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 38 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 39 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 40 when others use it.
21．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing
22．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick
23．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced
24．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted
25．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired
26．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested
27．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor
28．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears
29．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool
30．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident
31．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once
32．A．speak B．listen C．turn D．wave
33．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions
34．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored
35．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly
36．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity
37．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose
38．A．hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up
39．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
40．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 41 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 42 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 43 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 44 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 45 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 46 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 47 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 48 (high) than they actually are. Of 49 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 50 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.

六、其他应用文
52．你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 分析优势与不足；
2. 提出学习建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 题目和首句已为你写好。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．D

【分析】本文为应用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作，本文介绍了其中一些项目。
1．细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.可知，Summer Company为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.可知，符合条件的学生是16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知，Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。故选D。
4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.(现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.(在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人concede这不是真正必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人说他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，许多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况，所以三分之一的人承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，推测划线单词表示“承认”，与admit同义。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮一代的人一直在用固定电话。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的固定电话？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”以及常识可知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会被废弃的。故选B项。
8．A 9．A 10．D 11．B

【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
10．词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A

【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章指出纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事研究证实：旧电子设备要比新设备耗能高，所以作者主张使用新电子设备，既经济又环保。
12．观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。
点睛：熟悉比较句型是彻底理解本文的关键，也是解题的关键。本文中的比较句型：
1. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things
做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环境有害，浪费钱财。
2. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
根据Babbitt团队的分析，旧的桌面显示器和阴极射线管箱式电视机是最差的电子设备，它们的耗能和温室气体的排放是1992到2007window的两倍还多。
3. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.他们发现在平板电脑上看的随需变化的娱乐节目比在电视和电脑上看耗能减少了44%。
16．D 17．E 18．G 19．A 20．F

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
16．根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
17．根据上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
18．根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
19．分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
20．设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
【点睛】

21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”（全球的孩子们享受玩捉迷藏的游戏）可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”（他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据本句中的that从句内容“evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”并结合上文语境可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前孩子们自我中心的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“We then asked the child if she could 　　9　　 or or hear the adult”（我们之后问孩子是否能或者听到大人的声音）可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“Each 　　7　　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 　　8　　.”（每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.” (此刻孩子们说他们不能和她_12_)可知，发生了与前面孩子们不能看见大人类似的事情，即孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此刻孩子们说不能和成年人说话了，强调当下。故选B项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth” (大人的嘴巴被盖住了)可知，由于盖住的是嘴巴，因此同样的事情则是孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选A项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“ and knew _15_ what was asked of them”（我们年轻的主人公们理解了问题并且知道自己被问了什么）可知，只有先理解了才能能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”(他们的 16 反映了他们真实的_17_)可知，只有确切地知道自己被问了什么，才能说他们的答案反映他们真实的看法。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文可知，正是通过对孩子们进行提问来进行的，孩子们自然要对问题做出回答和回应可知，此处指孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据上下文可知这个在思维实验室进行的实验的目的正是为了研究孩子们的思维方式，通过回答与大人的互动有关的问题，他们的回答反映的他们的真正的看法。故选B项。
38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”（只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你）可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings检验发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，结合前文讲了实验的一些经过可知，此处表示实验的研究发现，故选D项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”（他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重）可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，他们自己使用这种方法，所以当其他人也使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
【点睛】

41．that 42．poorly 43．of/for 44．to perform 45．have reported 46．belief 47．noting 48．higher 49．the 50．are

【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
41．考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
42．考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
43．考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
45．考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
46．考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
47．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
48．考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
49．考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
50．考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。
51．1. greatly → great
2. lives → live
3. 在because后加of
4. Whether → If 或Whether → When
5. they → you
6. cause → causing
7. 去掉have后的been
8. what → which
9. were → are
10. bicycle → bicycles
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。分析句式结构可知，需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
2.考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词people是集合名词，所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。故将lives改为live。
3.考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。分析句式结构可知，because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
4.考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候/如果你骑自行车，你是不用汽油的。分析句意可知，该句是一个时间状语从句或条件状语从句，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
5.考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。
7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。分析句式结构可知，主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
8.考查定语从句引导词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。
10.考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
【点睛】
52．one possible version:
Be smart online learners
Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, we can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit.
Of course, these disadvantages are as follows. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.
In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿，参加学校举办的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
充分利用：make full use of→ make the most of
扩宽，丰富：broaden→ enrich
各种各样的：all kinds of→ varieties of
影响：affect→ influence
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon.
拓展句：First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources in order that we can broaden the horizon.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.（运用了形容词短语作状语，which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.（运用了现在分词短语作结果状语，it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语）