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2022北京北师大附中高一（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京北师大附中高一（上）期末英语（教师版），共28页。试卷主要包含了听力，完形填空，阅读理解，词汇选择，单词拼写，短语拼写，选词填空，补全句子等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京北师大附中高一（上）期末
英 语
考试时长120分钟, 满分150分。
第I卷
一、听力。本大题共20小题, 共20分。
第一节 听下面5段对话, 每段对话后有一道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the woman do this weekend?
A. Go dancing. B. Go to a festival. C. Help her brother move house.
2. When does the lecture finish?
A. At about 3:00 p. m. B. At about 4:00 p. m. C. At about 5:00 p. m.
3. What does the woman decide to buy?
A. A novel. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine.
4. What does the woman mean in the end?
A. She regrets moving.
B. Her present place is convenient.
C. She doesn't want to live in the city center.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A surprise party. B. A meal. C. A cake.
第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后, 每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6至7题。
6. What is the boy expected to do this afternoon?
A. Clean the garage. B. Help in a store. C. Cook dinner.
7. What relation is the woman to the boy?
A. His grandmother. B. His mother. C. His sister.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。
8. What does Lauren think she is good at?
A. Looking after children. B. Making holiday plans. C. Designing advertisements.
9. Why is Lauren talking with the man?
A. To invite him for a holiday.
B. To ask for information.
C. To find a job.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man feel now?
A. Homesick. B. Annoyed. C. Hungry.
11. What festival is celebrated in the woman's motherland at this time?
A. Halloween. B. The New Yam Festival. C. The Day of the Dead.
12. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Treat Yon Mi to lunch.
B. Share something about a festival.
C. Join in the International Fall Festival.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至15题。
13. Where will the listeners run?
A. Around the lake.
B. Around farm buildings and fields.
C. Around a supermarket in the town center.
14. What is unnecessary for the listeners to bring?
A. Drinks. B. Food. C. Hats.
15. What does the color of the runner number show?
A. When the runner finishes the run.
B. Which school the runner comes from.
C. What age group the runner is in.
第三节 听下面一段独白, 完成第16至第20小题, 每空只需填写一个词。听独白前, 你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题, 听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。
How to Get Along Well in the United States
Dos
·Get or borrow a(n) 16. ___________.
·Eat in a(n) 17. ____________ dining hall.
·Learn some polite 18. _________________.
Don'ts
·Ask people's 19. _______________.
·Tell heavy people they are fat.
·Be late for a(n) 20. ____________.
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题, 共10分。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
三、阅读理解。本大题共20小题, 共30分。
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 共22.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
A
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About?
Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! lt's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box?
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs lens than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. Far a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez?
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
11. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?
A. Smart but fragile.
B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Foldable and durable.
D. Handy and energy-saving.
12. What can we learn about AirFreez?
A. lt costs less than $53.
B. It requires no complex installation.
C. It doesn't consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
13. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise Airfreez.
B. To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.
B
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
14. What do we know about the author?
A. She taught Lauren to write software.
B. She got her master's degree from MIT.
C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
D. She created the term “software engineering”.
15. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon
C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch
16. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage?
A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change.
C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude.
17. What can we learn from Margaret's story?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind.
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
18. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
19. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
20. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
21. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
D
Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree…?” or “Don’t you think…?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
22. One of the factors that influence listening is that ________.
A. our confidence in listening is decreasing B. our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C. listening skills are seldom taught in school D. texting causes a better effect than phone calls
23. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Why the art of listening gets lost by itself. B. Why effective methods are used in listening.
C. How people make themselves well understood. D. How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
24. According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A. Avoid being absent-minded. B. Come up with curious questions.
C. Focus on the speaker’s personal information. D. Try to find common interests with the speaker.
25. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B. Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C. Bad listening ultimately contributes to people’s failure.
D. Listeners’ clear mind facilitates speakers’ expression of thoughts.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 共7. 5分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. ____26____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. ____27____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. ____28____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
____29____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. ____30____
A. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
D. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
E. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
F. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
G. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
四、词汇选择。本大题共 20小题, 共 20分。
31. Popular band Westlife held their first virtual concert on Friday night, which was ________ on WeChat and attracted more than 20 million Chinese fans.
A. claimed B. attached C. captured D. streamed
32. Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A. crashed B. conducted C. suspended D. sustained
33. The selection process in the job market is based on standard tests of ________ and experience.
A. concept B. crew C. competence D. cruelty
34. Throughout history, some of the ________ customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival has largely been kept.
A. exceptional B. original C. ultimate D. artificial
35. Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high－yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China’s food ________.
A. lack B. cuisine C. security D. purchase
36. China is fully capable to supply the raw materials needed to produce COVID-19 vaccines; in other words, China has a/an ________ raw material supply.
A. optional B. vital C. instant D. sufficient
37. What we say should be consistent with what we do. There should not be ________ in our words and actions.
A. conservation B. contradiction C. consequence D. consultation
38. Dunhuang Caves, which are ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in a ________ part of Northwest China, are filled with invaluable artworks.
A. tropical B. deadly C. dynamic D. remote
39. We have all come into the world with a/an ________ in life and we can all contribute to making the world a better place.
A. mission B. substance C. authority D. collision
40. The United Nations are making constant efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure a regular access to safe and ________ food to children mainly in Asia and Africa.
A. standard B. multiple C. nutritious D. universal
41. Considering its convenience and wide application, the investors are becoming increasingly excited about the future ________ of the new digital device.
A. expense B. prospect C. property D. profit
42. The kids-only Internet service is a great ________ which will help parents control their children’s access to the Internet.
A. certificate B. investigation C. innovation D. exception
43. The company plans to ________ TV reality shows as part of its marketing strategy to capture public attention.
A. sponsor B. stabilize C. dominate D. subscribe
44. Each one of us are highly recommended to ________ oil and gas by taking advantage of the renewable energy sources.
A. dismiss B. concentrate C. possess D. conserve
45. The government is ________ support to people who have been affected by the earthquake.
A. extending B. evaluating C. behaving D. approving
46. Our school is based on the basic _________ that all students should develop their full potential.
A. option B. intelligence C. principle D. structure
47. Although they have been admitted to different universities, the two girls still try to _________ communication with each other.
A. update B. prohibit C. exist D. maintain
48. The research has ________ that those who suffer from stress have higher risk of getting sick.
A. confirmed B. reflected C. charged D. diagnosed
49. It is reported that the new album will become ________ for purchase in April of next year.
A. expectant B. essential C. appropriate D. available
50. Studies show that if workers have short but frequent breaks they will actually become much more ________.
A. precious B. unique C. productive D. complicated
第II卷
五、单词拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共10分。）
汉译英
51. 描述，描写n. d________
52. 纽扣，按钮n. b________
53. 语法n. g________
54. 幽默的adj. h________
55. 电池n. b________
56. 温度，体温n. t________
57. 感激，理解n. a________
58. 地平线，眼界n. h________
59. 联系，联络v. & n. c________
60. 指导，教授v. i________
六、短语拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共20分。）
汉译英
61. 嗓子疼
62. 家庭垃圾
63. 经受时间的考验
64. 一种全球现象
65. 打破沟通障碍
66. 遵循这些步骤
67. 与大众想法相反
68. 使某人的梦想成真
69. 自然灾害
70. 绝大多数
七、选词填空：请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次。（本大题共7小题, 共14分。）
请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次
promise, foreign, approach, occur, communicate, launch, practice, assume, register
71. According to the witness, the car crash ________ two hours ago.
72. The manager announced that the company ________ a new plan to distribute free books to the children in remote areas.
73. Everything was ________ to me when I explored the city for the first time.
74. She made an effort not to ________ her anxiety to the child, but somehow the little boy still sensed it.
75. It is traditional ________ for all the Chinese to head back home and reunite with family during Spring Festival.
76. The newly developed medicine showed great _________ in preventing infection.
77. Many people _________ that they've done their best, but in fact they still have great potential.
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空, 注意使用恰当形式。（本大题共8小题, 共16分。）
78. Thanks to their great efforts, the _________ (forget) part of the history has now been revealed to the public. （所给词的适当形式填空）
79. _________(respond) to the album was largely positive, with some critics regarding it as the band’s best in a decade. (所给词的适当形式填空)
80. It is the _________(combine) of the touching story and the vivid portrayal of characters that makes his book so appealing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
81. Social media is becoming the main source of information and _________ (对……产生巨大影响) the traditional media. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
82. Inspired by the adventurers in the history books, Bruno regained the passion and set off to _________ (满足他好奇心) about the surroundings. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
83. She _________(衡量了她的优势和兴趣) and finally made her decision.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
84. With the help of advanced technologies, the performance of athletes will _________（推向新高度）during the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
85. Zoos_________(在帮助人们意识到……方面扮演极其重要的角色) the importance of wildlife conservation. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、作文。（本大题共1题, 共10分。）
86. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。临近春节，你打算送给你的英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物。请给他写封信，内容包括：
1. 春节祝福；
2. 礼物介绍；
3. 选择该礼物的原因。
参考答案
第I卷
听力答案：1－5 CCABC 6－10 ABACA 11－15 CBBAB
16. dog 17. Public 18. Expressions 19. Age 20. appointment
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题, 共10分。
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
【1题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。
三、阅读理解。本大题共20小题, 共30分。
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 共22.5分）
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了便携式冷风箱AirFreez的功能和特点。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About?中的“So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity”可知，这种冷风箱是便携式的、用电量非常小，由此可知它既方便又节能，故D项正确。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box?中的“No messy installation,”可知，AirFreez不需要复杂的安装，故B项正确。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了便携式冷风箱AirFreez的功能和特点，目的就是给它做广告，吸引人们购买，故A项正确。
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知，作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词，故D项正确。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”，故C项正确。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故B项正确。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键，根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事，也就是说他也犯了同样的错误，由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。
【答案】18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。
【答案】22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening.(此外，学校和大学很少开设教导认真聆听的课程或活动)”可知，影响聆听的因素之一是学校很少教授聆听技巧。故选C。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.(一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。这还涉及到注意他们是如何说的、他们说的时候做了什么、在什么语境下以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。这不仅仅是在别人滔滔不绝的时候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的倾听与你如何回应有关——你在多大程度上促进了他人思想的清晰表达，在这个过程中，你有一个清晰的自己的头脑)”可知，第三段主要讲了人们如何重新找回失传的倾听艺术。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.(因为我们的大脑思考的速度要比人们说话的速度快得多，所以当你在听的时候，要小心不要走神。聪明人的注意力很容易被自己失控的想法带走。他们也可能认为自己已经知道对方要说什么)”可知，作者认为人们在倾听的时候应该避免心不在焉。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions.(善于倾听的回报肯定会是更有趣的对话。研究人员发现，细心的听众会从说话者那里获得更多信息，即使他们没有问任何问题)”以及“And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.(而不善倾听、有选择地倾听或根本不倾听，会限制你对世界的理解，阻碍你成为最好的自己)”可推知，优秀的听众为自己争取到了利益的最大化。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 共7. 5分）
【答案】26. G 27. C 28. F 29. E 30. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
【26题详解】
根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。
【27题详解】
根据上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。
【28题详解】
根据上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。
【29题详解】
根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。
【30题详解】
根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。
四、词汇选择。本大题共 20小题, 共 20分。
31. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周五晚，流行乐队西城男孩举行了他们的第一场虚拟演唱会，在微信上进行了直播，吸引了超过2000万中国粉丝。A. claimed宣称、索要；B. attached附、贴、系；C. captured俘虏、俘获、捕获；D. streamed在线收听（或收看）、用流式传输、流播。根据前文“their first virtual concert(他们的第一场虚拟音乐会)”以及后文“on Wechat(在微信)”可知，这场音乐会是在微信上在线观看的。故选D项。
32.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车；B. conducted实施；C. suspended暂停；D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，应用suspend。故选C。
33. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业市场上的选择过程是基于标准能力测试和经验。A. concept概念，定义； B. crew全体船员，全体机组人员；C. competence能力；D. cruelty残忍，残酷。根据语意以及下文“experience”可知，就业市场的选择标准是依据求职人的能力和经验。故选C项。
34. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变，但节日的精神在很大程度上得到了保留。A. exceptional杰出的、例外的；B. original最初的；C. ultimate最后的；D. artificial人造的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词original，作定语，修饰名词customs，表示“原始的、原来的”，故选B项。
35. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食安全做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；C. security安全；D. purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、安全的水稻。故选C项。
36. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国完全有能力提供生产COVID-19疫苗所需的原材料；换句话说，中国有充足的原料供应。A. optional可选择的；选修的；B. vital至关重要的；必不可少的；C. instant立刻的；马上的；D. sufficient足够的；充足的。根据前文“China is fully capable to supply the raw materials needed to produce COVID-19 vaccines(中国完全有能力提供生产新冠肺炎疫苗所需的原材料)”语境可知，中国在新冠疫苗原材料方面原料充足。故选D项。
37. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们说的应该和做的一致。我们的言行不应该有矛盾。A. conservation保护；B. contradiction矛盾；C. consequence结果；D. consultation咨询。根据上文“What we say should be consistent with what we do.”可知，指言行不矛盾，应用contradiction。故选B。
38. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：敦煌莫高窟是中国西北偏远地区戈壁沙漠中的古代珍宝，里面收藏着许多无价的艺术品。A. tropical热带的；B. deadly致命的；C. dynamic充满活力的；D. remote偏远的。根据语意可知，敦煌莫高窟位于中国西北戈壁沙漠之中，地理位置非常偏远。故选D项。
39. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着人生的使命来到这个世界，我们都可以为让世界变得更美好做出贡献。A. mission使命；B. substance物质；C. authority权力；D. collision碰撞。根据句意可知，“为让世界变得更美好而做出贡献”应该是我们每个人的使命，“mission”意为“使命”，名词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
40. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国正在不断努力促进可持续农业，并确保主要是亚洲和非洲的儿童定期获得安全和有营养的食物。A. standard标准的；B. multiple多个的；C. nutritious有营养的；D. universal普遍的。根据上文“The United Nations are making constant efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure a regular access to safe and”可知，促进可持续农业是为了确保儿童获得安全和有营养的食物。故选C。
41. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者对这种新型数字设备的未来前景越来越兴奋。A. expense费用；B. prospect前景；C. property财产，所有物；D. profit利润。根据句意可知，因为它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者应该是看好这种新型数字设备的未来前景，“prospect”意为“前景”，名词词性，符合句意。故选B项。
42. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网。A. certificate证书；B. investigation调查；C. innovation创新；D. exception例外。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great”可知，指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网，应用innovation。故选C。
43. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司计划赞助电视真人秀节目，作为其营销策略的一部分，以吸引公众的注意力。A. sponsor赞助（活动、节目等）；B. stabilize稳定；C. dominate支配；D. subscribe订阅。根据句意可知，公司应该是赞助电视真人秀节目，以此来吸引公众的注意力，“sponsor”意为“赞助（活动、节目等）”，动词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
44. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都被强烈建议通过使用可再生能源来节约石油和天然气。A. dismiss解雇；B. concentrate集中注意力；C. possess拥有；D. conserve节约，保护。根据句意及常识可知，人们通过使用可再生资源，以到达节约石油和天然气的目的。conserve意为“节约”符合题意。故选D项。
45. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府正在向受地震影响的人们提供支持。A. extending提供；B. evaluating评估；C. behaving举动；D. approving赞成。根据后文“support to people who have been affected by the earthquake”指向受地震影响的人们提供支持，应用extend。故选A。
46. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学校基于的基本原则是所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力。A. option选项；B. intelligence智力；C. principle原则；D. structure结构。根据句意可知，“所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力”应该是学校的基本原则，“principle”意为“原则”，名词词性，符合句意。故选C项。
47.【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她们已经被不同的大学录取，两个女孩仍然努力保持彼此之间的交流。A. update更新；B. prohibit禁止；C. exist存在；D. maintain保持，维持。根据后文“communication with each other”指努力保持交流，应用maintain。故选D。
48. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究证实，那些承受压力的人生病的风险更高。A. confirmed确定，证实；B. reflected反映；C. charged收费；D. diagnosed诊断。根据后文“that those who suffer from stress have higher risk of getting sick”指研究证实那些承受压力的人生病的风险更高，应用confirm。故选A。
49. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据报道，新专辑将于明年4月上市。A. expectant期待的；B. essential必不可少的；C. appropriate合适的；D. available可获得的。根据后文“for purchase in April of next year”指新专辑明年4月可以购买，应用available。故选D。
50. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，如果员工有短暂但频繁的休息，他们实际上会变得更有效率。A. precious宝贵的；B. unique独特的；C. productive富有成效的；D. complicated复杂的。根据上文“if workers have short but frequent breaks they will actually become much more”指短暂但频繁的休息会让员工变得更有效率。故选C。
第II卷
五、单词拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共10分。）
【51~60题答案】
【答案】51. description
52. button 53. grammar
54. humorous
55. battery
56. temperature
57. appreciation
58. horizon
59. contact
60. instruct
【解析】
【51题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“描述，描写”在英文中翻译为“description”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为description。
【52题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“纽扣，按钮”在英文中翻译为“button”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为button。
【53题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“语法”在英文中翻译为“grammar”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为grammar。
【54题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“幽默的”在英文中翻译为“humorous”，根据词性可知，是形容词。故答案为humorous。
【55题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“电池”在英文中翻译为“battery”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为battery。
【56题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“温度，体温”在英文中翻译为“temperature”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为temperature。
【57题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“感激，理解”在英文中翻译为“appreciation”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为appreciation。
【58题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“地平线，眼界”在英文中翻译为“horizon”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为horizon。
【59题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“联系，联络”在英文中翻译为“contact”，根据词性可知，是名词或动词。故答案为contact。
【60题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“指导，教授”在英文中翻译为“instruct”，根据词性可知，是动词。故答案为instruct。
六、短语拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共20分。）
【61~70题答案】
【答案】61. a sore throat/have a sore throat
62. household garbage
63. stand the test of time
64. a global phenomenon
65. break down communication barriers
66. follow these steps
67. contrary to popular belief (s)
68. make one’s dream come true/ make one’s dream a reality
69. natural disasters
70. the (vast) majority of
【解析】
【61题详解】
“嗓子”的英文为“throat”，“疼痛的”的英文为“sore”，“嗓子疼”可表达为“a sore throat”或“have a sore throat”。故答案填a sore throat/have a sore throat。
【62题详解】
“家庭的”的英文为“household”，“垃圾”的英文为“garbage”，“家庭垃圾”可表达为“household garbage”。故答案填household garbage。
【63题详解】
“经受”的英文为“stand”，“时间”的英文为“time”，“考验”的英文为“test”，“经受时间的考验”可表达为“stand the test of time”。故答案填stand the test of time。
【64题详解】
“全球的”的英文为“global”，“现象”的英文为“phenomenon”，“一种全球现象”可表达为“a global phenomenon”。故答案填a global phenomenon。
【65题详解】
“打破”的英文为“break down”，“沟通”的英文为“communication”，“障碍”的英文为“barrier”，打破的沟通障碍不止一个，应用“barrier”的复数形式“barriers”，“打破沟通障碍”可表达为“break down communication barriers”。故答案填break down communication barriers。
【66题详解】
“遵循”的英文为“follow”，“这些”的英文为“these”，“步骤”的英文为“step”，“these”后应用复数形式“steps”，“遵循这些步骤”可表达为“follow these steps”。故答案填follow these steps。
【67题详解】
“与……相反”的英文为“contrary to”，“大众的”的英文为“popular”，“想法”的英文为“belief”，当表示多种想法时，可以用“belief”的复数形式“beliefs”，“与大众想法相反”可表达为“contrary to popular belief (s)”。故答案填contrary to popular belief (s)。
【68题详解】
“使……”的英文为“make”，“某人的梦想”的英文为“one’s dream”，“成真”的英文为“come true”或“a reality”，“使某人的梦想成真”可表达为“make one’s dream come true/make one’s dream a reality”。故答案填make one’s dream come true/make one’s dream a reality。
【69题详解】
“自然的”的英文为“natural”，“灾害”的英文为“disaster”，“自然灾害”不止一个，应用“disaster”的复数形式“disasters”，“自然灾害”可表达为“natural disasters”。故答案填natural disasters。
【70题详解】
“大多数”的英文为“majority”，“绝大多数”可表达为“the majority of”，也可在“majority”前加“vast”，意为“大量的，巨大的”。故答案填the (vast) majority of。
七、选词填空：请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次。（本大题共7小题, 共14分。）
【71~77题答案】
【答案】71. occurred
72. would launch## had launched
73. foreign
74. communicate
75. practice
76. promise
77. assume
【解析】
【71题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：据目击者称，车祸发生在两小时前。根据句意可知，车祸发生在两小时前，occur “发生”，在句子中作谓语动词，根据 two hours ago可知，时态为一般过去时态。故填occurred。
【72题详解】
考查时态。句意：这位经理宣布公司将启动一项新计划，向偏远地区的孩子们分发免费书籍。（经理宣布公司已启动一项新计划，向偏远地区的孩子们分发免费书籍。）根据句意可知，这位经理宣布公司将启动一项新计划，launch “发起”，作宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时态，可以用过去将来时态，表示在过去的某一时间点上将要做某事；也可以用过去完成时态，表示发生在过去的过去。故填would launch/ had launched。
【73题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我第一次探索这座城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的。根据“when I explored the city for the first time”可知，第一次探索这个城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的，foreign “陌生的”，形容词在句中作表语。故填foreign。
【74题详解】
考查动词。句意：她努力不让孩子知道她的焦虑，但不知怎么的，小男孩还是感觉到了。根据句意可知，她努力不向孩子表达出她的焦虑，但是小男孩还是感觉到了，communicate ...to... “向……表达”。make an effort （not）to do sth “努力（不）做某事”。故填communicate.
【75题详解】
考查名词。句意：春节期间，所有中国人回家与家人团聚是一种传统习俗。根据“all the Chinese to head back home and reunite with family during Spring Festival”可知，所有中国人春节回家和家人团聚是一种传统习俗，practice 为名词“习俗”。故填practice。
【76题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种新开发的药物在预防感染方面显示出巨大的前景。这种新开发的药物在预防感染方面显示出巨大的前景。根据句意可知，新开发的药物显示出巨大的前景。空前为形容词，空处需要名词。promise 为名词“获得成功的迹象或前景”，符合句意。故填promise。
【77题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多人认为他们已经尽了最大的努力，但事实上他们仍然有很大的潜力。根据“but in fact they still have great potential.”可知，很多人只是认为它们已经尽了全力，但是其实还有很大的潜力。assume “认为”，空处为句子的谓语动词，时态为一般现在时态，主语为复数。故填assume。
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空, 注意使用恰当形式。（本大题共8小题, 共16分。）
78. 【答案】forgotten
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏他们的努力，这段被遗忘的历史现在被展示给了公众。此处为非谓语动词作定语，part 与forget之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填forgotten。
79. 【答案】Response
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：对这张专辑的反应多半是积极的，一些评论家认为这是该乐队十年来最好的专辑。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作主语，“respond”意为“作出反应”，动词词性，对应的名词为“response”，意为“反应”，为不可数名词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Response。
80. 【答案】combination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：正是这个感人的故事和对人物生动的刻画相结合，使他的书如此吸引人。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词combination。故填combination。
81. 【答案】is making a huge impact on/is having a huge impact on/making a huge impact on/having a huge impact on
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：社交媒体正在成为信息的主要来源，并对传统媒体产生巨大影响。根据汉语提示“对……产生巨大影响”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“make/have a huge impact on…”，意为“对……产生巨大影响”，根据句意和句中“is becoming”可知，句中动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，句子主语“Social media”与“is”连用，“make”的现在分词为“making”，“have”的现在分词为“having”，故空格处可填“is making a huge impact on”或“is having a huge impact on”，句子为“and”连接两个并列成分，前面已经有“is”，后面的“is”可以省略，故空格处也可填“making a huge impact on”或“having a huge impact on”。故填is making a huge impact on/is having a huge impact on/making a huge impact on/having a huge impact on。
82. 【答案】satisfy his curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：受到历史书中冒险者的启发，布鲁诺重新燃起激情，出发去满足他对周围环境的好奇心。“满足某人的好奇心”为satisfy one’s curiosity，此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故填satisfy his curiosity。
83.【答案】weighed her advantages and interests
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：她权衡了自己的优势和兴趣，最后做出了决定。根据汉语提示“衡量了她的优势和兴趣”可知短语为weigh her advantages and interests，根据后文made可知用一般过去时。故填weighed her advantages and interests。
84. 【答案】be pushed to new heights
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查短语和时态语态。句意：在先进技术的帮助下，运动员的表现将在2022年冬奥会上被推向新的高度。push sth to new heights将某物推向新高度，the performance of athletes与push之间是被动关系，用被动语态，will后接动词原形，故填be pushed to new heights。
【点睛】
85. 【答案】play a vital role in helping people realize
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：动物园在帮助人们认识到野生动物保护的重要性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。根据汉语提示“在……方面扮演极其重要的角色”可知短语为play a vital role in doing sth.；表示“帮助人们意识到”应用help people realize。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为zoos，谓语用原形。故填play a vital role in helping people realize。
九、作文。（本大题共1题, 共10分。）
86. 【答案】Dear Jim,
The Spring Festival is coming. I will send you a present.
It’s a lacquer engraving handicraft plate. Lacquer engraving is a traditional Chinese folk craft art. The engraving is made by red lacquer painted on a wooden base. You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck and is especially favored by Chinese people.
Because there is a pattern of the Great Wall on the plate, I choose this gift for you. I still remember your astonished look when both of us finally made it to the highest beacon tower of the Great Wall, seeing the spectacular scene.
I hope that you’ll like it. Happy Chinese New Year!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高一学生李华的身份，在临近春节期间，送给你的英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物，并给他写封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
好运：good luck→good fortune
吃惊的：astonished→amazed
最后：finally→eventually
令人惊叹的：spectacular→breathtaking
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck and is especially favored by Chinese people.
拓展句：You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck, which is especially favored by Chinese people.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Because there is a pattern of the Great Wall on the plate, I choose this gift for you.（运用了Because引导的原因状语从句）
[高分句型2] I hope that you’ll like it.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
2022北京北师大附中高一（上）期末
英 语
考试时长120分钟, 满分150分。
第I卷
一、听力。本大题共20小题, 共20分。
第一节 听下面5段对话, 每段对话后有一道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the woman do this weekend?
A. Go dancing. B. Go to a festival. C. Help her brother move house.
2. When does the lecture finish?
A. At about 3:00 p. m. B. At about 4:00 p. m. C. At about 5:00 p. m.
3. What does the woman decide to buy?
A. A novel. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine.
4. What does the woman mean in the end?
A. She regrets moving.
B. Her present place is convenient.
C. She doesn't want to live in the city center.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A surprise party. B. A meal. C. A cake.
第二节 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题, 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后, 每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6至7题。
6. What is the boy expected to do this afternoon?
A. Clean the garage. B. Help in a store. C. Cook dinner.
7. What relation is the woman to the boy?
A. His grandmother. B. His mother. C. His sister.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。
8. What does Lauren think she is good at?
A. Looking after children. B. Making holiday plans. C. Designing advertisements.
9. Why is Lauren talking with the man?
A. To invite him for a holiday.
B. To ask for information.
C. To find a job.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man feel now?
A. Homesick. B. Annoyed. C. Hungry.
11. What festival is celebrated in the woman's motherland at this time?
A. Halloween. B. The New Yam Festival. C. The Day of the Dead.
12. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Treat Yon Mi to lunch.
B. Share something about a festival.
C. Join in the International Fall Festival.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至15题。
13. Where will the listeners run?
A. Around the lake.
B. Around farm buildings and fields.
C. Around a supermarket in the town center.
14. What is unnecessary for the listeners to bring?
A. Drinks. B. Food. C. Hats.
15. What does the color of the runner number show?
A. When the runner finishes the run.
B. Which school the runner comes from.
C. What age group the runner is in.
第三节 听下面一段独白, 完成第16至第20小题, 每空只需填写一个词。听独白前, 你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题, 听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。
How to Get Along Well in the United States
Dos
·Get or borrow a(n) 16. ___________.
·Eat in a(n) 17. ____________ dining hall.
·Learn some polite 18. _________________.
Don'ts
·Ask people's 19. _______________.
·Tell heavy people they are fat.
·Be late for a(n) 20. ____________.
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题, 共10分。
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything.
1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical
2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets
3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily
4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned
5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for
6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended
7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed
8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire
9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence
10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control
三、阅读理解。本大题共20小题, 共30分。
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 共22.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
A
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About?
Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! lt's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box?
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs lens than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. Far a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez?
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
11. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?
A. Smart but fragile.
B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Foldable and durable.
D. Handy and energy-saving.
12. What can we learn about AirFreez?
A. lt costs less than $53.
B. It requires no complex installation.
C. It doesn't consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
13. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise Airfreez.
B. To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.
B
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
14. What do we know about the author?
A. She taught Lauren to write software.
B. She got her master's degree from MIT.
C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
D. She created the term “software engineering”.
15. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon
C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch
16. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage?
A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change.
C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude.
17. What can we learn from Margaret's story?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind.
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
18. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
19. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
20. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
21. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
D
Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree…?” or “Don’t you think…?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
22. One of the factors that influence listening is that ________.
A. our confidence in listening is decreasing B. our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C. listening skills are seldom taught in school D. texting causes a better effect than phone calls
23. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Why the art of listening gets lost by itself. B. Why effective methods are used in listening.
C. How people make themselves well understood. D. How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
24. According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A. Avoid being absent-minded. B. Come up with curious questions.
C. Focus on the speaker’s personal information. D. Try to find common interests with the speaker.
25. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B. Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C. Bad listening ultimately contributes to people’s failure.
D. Listeners’ clear mind facilitates speakers’ expression of thoughts.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 共7. 5分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中两项为多余选项。
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. ____26____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. ____27____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. ____28____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
____29____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. ____30____
A. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
D. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
E. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
F. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
G. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
四、词汇选择。本大题共 20小题, 共 20分。
31. Popular band Westlife held their first virtual concert on Friday night, which was ________ on WeChat and attracted more than 20 million Chinese fans.
A. claimed B. attached C. captured D. streamed
32. Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A. crashed B. conducted C. suspended D. sustained
33. The selection process in the job market is based on standard tests of ________ and experience.
A. concept B. crew C. competence D. cruelty
34. Throughout history, some of the ________ customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival has largely been kept.
A. exceptional B. original C. ultimate D. artificial
35. Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high－yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China’s food ________.
A. lack B. cuisine C. security D. purchase
36. China is fully capable to supply the raw materials needed to produce COVID-19 vaccines; in other words, China has a/an ________ raw material supply.
A. optional B. vital C. instant D. sufficient
37. What we say should be consistent with what we do. There should not be ________ in our words and actions.
A. conservation B. contradiction C. consequence D. consultation
38. Dunhuang Caves, which are ancient treasures in the Gobi desert in a ________ part of Northwest China, are filled with invaluable artworks.
A. tropical B. deadly C. dynamic D. remote
39. We have all come into the world with a/an ________ in life and we can all contribute to making the world a better place.
A. mission B. substance C. authority D. collision
40. The United Nations are making constant efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure a regular access to safe and ________ food to children mainly in Asia and Africa.
A. standard B. multiple C. nutritious D. universal
41. Considering its convenience and wide application, the investors are becoming increasingly excited about the future ________ of the new digital device.
A. expense B. prospect C. property D. profit
42. The kids-only Internet service is a great ________ which will help parents control their children’s access to the Internet.
A. certificate B. investigation C. innovation D. exception
43. The company plans to ________ TV reality shows as part of its marketing strategy to capture public attention.
A. sponsor B. stabilize C. dominate D. subscribe
44. Each one of us are highly recommended to ________ oil and gas by taking advantage of the renewable energy sources.
A. dismiss B. concentrate C. possess D. conserve
45. The government is ________ support to people who have been affected by the earthquake.
A. extending B. evaluating C. behaving D. approving
46. Our school is based on the basic _________ that all students should develop their full potential.
A. option B. intelligence C. principle D. structure
47. Although they have been admitted to different universities, the two girls still try to _________ communication with each other.
A. update B. prohibit C. exist D. maintain
48. The research has ________ that those who suffer from stress have higher risk of getting sick.
A. confirmed B. reflected C. charged D. diagnosed
49. It is reported that the new album will become ________ for purchase in April of next year.
A. expectant B. essential C. appropriate D. available
50. Studies show that if workers have short but frequent breaks they will actually become much more ________.
A. precious B. unique C. productive D. complicated
第II卷
五、单词拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共10分。）
汉译英
51. 描述，描写n. d________
52. 纽扣，按钮n. b________
53. 语法n. g________
54. 幽默的adj. h________
55. 电池n. b________
56. 温度，体温n. t________
57. 感激，理解n. a________
58. 地平线，眼界n. h________
59. 联系，联络v. & n. c________
60. 指导，教授v. i________
六、短语拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共20分。）
汉译英
61. 嗓子疼
62. 家庭垃圾
63. 经受时间的考验
64. 一种全球现象
65. 打破沟通障碍
66. 遵循这些步骤
67. 与大众想法相反
68. 使某人的梦想成真
69. 自然灾害
70. 绝大多数
七、选词填空：请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次。（本大题共7小题, 共14分。）
请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次
promise, foreign, approach, occur, communicate, launch, practice, assume, register
71. According to the witness, the car crash ________ two hours ago.
72. The manager announced that the company ________ a new plan to distribute free books to the children in remote areas.
73. Everything was ________ to me when I explored the city for the first time.
74. She made an effort not to ________ her anxiety to the child, but somehow the little boy still sensed it.
75. It is traditional ________ for all the Chinese to head back home and reunite with family during Spring Festival.
76. The newly developed medicine showed great _________ in preventing infection.
77. Many people _________ that they've done their best, but in fact they still have great potential.
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空, 注意使用恰当形式。（本大题共8小题, 共16分。）
78. Thanks to their great efforts, the _________ (forget) part of the history has now been revealed to the public. （所给词的适当形式填空）
79. _________(respond) to the album was largely positive, with some critics regarding it as the band’s best in a decade. (所给词的适当形式填空)
80. It is the _________(combine) of the touching story and the vivid portrayal of characters that makes his book so appealing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
81. Social media is becoming the main source of information and _________ (对……产生巨大影响) the traditional media. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
82. Inspired by the adventurers in the history books, Bruno regained the passion and set off to _________ (满足他好奇心) about the surroundings. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
83. She _________(衡量了她的优势和兴趣) and finally made her decision.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
84. With the help of advanced technologies, the performance of athletes will _________（推向新高度）during the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
85. Zoos_________(在帮助人们意识到……方面扮演极其重要的角色) the importance of wildlife conservation. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、作文。（本大题共1题, 共10分。）
86. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。临近春节，你打算送给你的英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物。请给他写封信，内容包括：
1. 春节祝福；
2. 礼物介绍；
3. 选择该礼物的原因。
参考答案
第I卷
听力答案：1－5 CCABC 6－10 ABACA 11－15 CBBAB
16. dog 17. Public 18. Expressions 19. Age 20. appointment
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题, 共10分。
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
【1题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。
三、阅读理解。本大题共20小题, 共30分。
第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 共22.5分）
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了便携式冷风箱AirFreez的功能和特点。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About?中的“So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity”可知，这种冷风箱是便携式的、用电量非常小，由此可知它既方便又节能，故D项正确。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box?中的“No messy installation,”可知，AirFreez不需要复杂的安装，故B项正确。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了便携式冷风箱AirFreez的功能和特点，目的就是给它做广告，吸引人们购买，故A项正确。
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知，作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词，故D项正确。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”，故C项正确。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故B项正确。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键，根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事，也就是说他也犯了同样的错误，由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。
【答案】18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。
【答案】22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening.(此外，学校和大学很少开设教导认真聆听的课程或活动)”可知，影响聆听的因素之一是学校很少教授聆听技巧。故选C。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.(一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。这还涉及到注意他们是如何说的、他们说的时候做了什么、在什么语境下以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。这不仅仅是在别人滔滔不绝的时候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的倾听与你如何回应有关——你在多大程度上促进了他人思想的清晰表达，在这个过程中，你有一个清晰的自己的头脑)”可知，第三段主要讲了人们如何重新找回失传的倾听艺术。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.(因为我们的大脑思考的速度要比人们说话的速度快得多，所以当你在听的时候，要小心不要走神。聪明人的注意力很容易被自己失控的想法带走。他们也可能认为自己已经知道对方要说什么)”可知，作者认为人们在倾听的时候应该避免心不在焉。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions.(善于倾听的回报肯定会是更有趣的对话。研究人员发现，细心的听众会从说话者那里获得更多信息，即使他们没有问任何问题)”以及“And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.(而不善倾听、有选择地倾听或根本不倾听，会限制你对世界的理解，阻碍你成为最好的自己)”可推知，优秀的听众为自己争取到了利益的最大化。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 共7. 5分）
【答案】26. G 27. C 28. F 29. E 30. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
【26题详解】
根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。
【27题详解】
根据上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。
【28题详解】
根据上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。
【29题详解】
根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。
【30题详解】
根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。
四、词汇选择。本大题共 20小题, 共 20分。
31. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周五晚，流行乐队西城男孩举行了他们的第一场虚拟演唱会，在微信上进行了直播，吸引了超过2000万中国粉丝。A. claimed宣称、索要；B. attached附、贴、系；C. captured俘虏、俘获、捕获；D. streamed在线收听（或收看）、用流式传输、流播。根据前文“their first virtual concert(他们的第一场虚拟音乐会)”以及后文“on Wechat(在微信)”可知，这场音乐会是在微信上在线观看的。故选D项。
32.【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车；B. conducted实施；C. suspended暂停；D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，应用suspend。故选C。
33. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业市场上的选择过程是基于标准能力测试和经验。A. concept概念，定义； B. crew全体船员，全体机组人员；C. competence能力；D. cruelty残忍，残酷。根据语意以及下文“experience”可知，就业市场的选择标准是依据求职人的能力和经验。故选C项。
34. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变，但节日的精神在很大程度上得到了保留。A. exceptional杰出的、例外的；B. original最初的；C. ultimate最后的；D. artificial人造的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词original，作定语，修饰名词customs，表示“原始的、原来的”，故选B项。
35. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食安全做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；C. security安全；D. purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、安全的水稻。故选C项。
36. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国完全有能力提供生产COVID-19疫苗所需的原材料；换句话说，中国有充足的原料供应。A. optional可选择的；选修的；B. vital至关重要的；必不可少的；C. instant立刻的；马上的；D. sufficient足够的；充足的。根据前文“China is fully capable to supply the raw materials needed to produce COVID-19 vaccines(中国完全有能力提供生产新冠肺炎疫苗所需的原材料)”语境可知，中国在新冠疫苗原材料方面原料充足。故选D项。
37. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们说的应该和做的一致。我们的言行不应该有矛盾。A. conservation保护；B. contradiction矛盾；C. consequence结果；D. consultation咨询。根据上文“What we say should be consistent with what we do.”可知，指言行不矛盾，应用contradiction。故选B。
38. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：敦煌莫高窟是中国西北偏远地区戈壁沙漠中的古代珍宝，里面收藏着许多无价的艺术品。A. tropical热带的；B. deadly致命的；C. dynamic充满活力的；D. remote偏远的。根据语意可知，敦煌莫高窟位于中国西北戈壁沙漠之中，地理位置非常偏远。故选D项。
39. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着人生的使命来到这个世界，我们都可以为让世界变得更美好做出贡献。A. mission使命；B. substance物质；C. authority权力；D. collision碰撞。根据句意可知，“为让世界变得更美好而做出贡献”应该是我们每个人的使命，“mission”意为“使命”，名词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
40. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国正在不断努力促进可持续农业，并确保主要是亚洲和非洲的儿童定期获得安全和有营养的食物。A. standard标准的；B. multiple多个的；C. nutritious有营养的；D. universal普遍的。根据上文“The United Nations are making constant efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure a regular access to safe and”可知，促进可持续农业是为了确保儿童获得安全和有营养的食物。故选C。
41. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者对这种新型数字设备的未来前景越来越兴奋。A. expense费用；B. prospect前景；C. property财产，所有物；D. profit利润。根据句意可知，因为它的方便性和广泛应用性，投资者应该是看好这种新型数字设备的未来前景，“prospect”意为“前景”，名词词性，符合句意。故选B项。
42. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网。A. certificate证书；B. investigation调查；C. innovation创新；D. exception例外。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great”可知，指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网，应用innovation。故选C。
43. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司计划赞助电视真人秀节目，作为其营销策略的一部分，以吸引公众的注意力。A. sponsor赞助（活动、节目等）；B. stabilize稳定；C. dominate支配；D. subscribe订阅。根据句意可知，公司应该是赞助电视真人秀节目，以此来吸引公众的注意力，“sponsor”意为“赞助（活动、节目等）”，动词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
44. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都被强烈建议通过使用可再生能源来节约石油和天然气。A. dismiss解雇；B. concentrate集中注意力；C. possess拥有；D. conserve节约，保护。根据句意及常识可知，人们通过使用可再生资源，以到达节约石油和天然气的目的。conserve意为“节约”符合题意。故选D项。
45. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府正在向受地震影响的人们提供支持。A. extending提供；B. evaluating评估；C. behaving举动；D. approving赞成。根据后文“support to people who have been affected by the earthquake”指向受地震影响的人们提供支持，应用extend。故选A。
46. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学校基于的基本原则是所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力。A. option选项；B. intelligence智力；C. principle原则；D. structure结构。根据句意可知，“所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力”应该是学校的基本原则，“principle”意为“原则”，名词词性，符合句意。故选C项。
47.【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她们已经被不同的大学录取，两个女孩仍然努力保持彼此之间的交流。A. update更新；B. prohibit禁止；C. exist存在；D. maintain保持，维持。根据后文“communication with each other”指努力保持交流，应用maintain。故选D。
48. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究证实，那些承受压力的人生病的风险更高。A. confirmed确定，证实；B. reflected反映；C. charged收费；D. diagnosed诊断。根据后文“that those who suffer from stress have higher risk of getting sick”指研究证实那些承受压力的人生病的风险更高，应用confirm。故选A。
49. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据报道，新专辑将于明年4月上市。A. expectant期待的；B. essential必不可少的；C. appropriate合适的；D. available可获得的。根据后文“for purchase in April of next year”指新专辑明年4月可以购买，应用available。故选D。
50. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，如果员工有短暂但频繁的休息，他们实际上会变得更有效率。A. precious宝贵的；B. unique独特的；C. productive富有成效的；D. complicated复杂的。根据上文“if workers have short but frequent breaks they will actually become much more”指短暂但频繁的休息会让员工变得更有效率。故选C。
第II卷
五、单词拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共10分。）
【51~60题答案】
【答案】51. description
52. button 53. grammar
54. humorous
55. battery
56. temperature
57. appreciation
58. horizon
59. contact
60. instruct
【解析】
【51题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“描述，描写”在英文中翻译为“description”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为description。
【52题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“纽扣，按钮”在英文中翻译为“button”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为button。
【53题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“语法”在英文中翻译为“grammar”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为grammar。
【54题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“幽默的”在英文中翻译为“humorous”，根据词性可知，是形容词。故答案为humorous。
【55题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“电池”在英文中翻译为“battery”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为battery。
【56题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“温度，体温”在英文中翻译为“temperature”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为temperature。
【57题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“感激，理解”在英文中翻译为“appreciation”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为appreciation。
【58题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“地平线，眼界”在英文中翻译为“horizon”，根据词性可知，是名词。故答案为horizon。
【59题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“联系，联络”在英文中翻译为“contact”，根据词性可知，是名词或动词。故答案为contact。
【60题详解】
根据首字母和汉语意思可知，“指导，教授”在英文中翻译为“instruct”，根据词性可知，是动词。故答案为instruct。
六、短语拼写。（本大题共10小题, 共20分。）
【61~70题答案】
【答案】61. a sore throat/have a sore throat
62. household garbage
63. stand the test of time
64. a global phenomenon
65. break down communication barriers
66. follow these steps
67. contrary to popular belief (s)
68. make one’s dream come true/ make one’s dream a reality
69. natural disasters
70. the (vast) majority of
【解析】
【61题详解】
“嗓子”的英文为“throat”，“疼痛的”的英文为“sore”，“嗓子疼”可表达为“a sore throat”或“have a sore throat”。故答案填a sore throat/have a sore throat。
【62题详解】
“家庭的”的英文为“household”，“垃圾”的英文为“garbage”，“家庭垃圾”可表达为“household garbage”。故答案填household garbage。
【63题详解】
“经受”的英文为“stand”，“时间”的英文为“time”，“考验”的英文为“test”，“经受时间的考验”可表达为“stand the test of time”。故答案填stand the test of time。
【64题详解】
“全球的”的英文为“global”，“现象”的英文为“phenomenon”，“一种全球现象”可表达为“a global phenomenon”。故答案填a global phenomenon。
【65题详解】
“打破”的英文为“break down”，“沟通”的英文为“communication”，“障碍”的英文为“barrier”，打破的沟通障碍不止一个，应用“barrier”的复数形式“barriers”，“打破沟通障碍”可表达为“break down communication barriers”。故答案填break down communication barriers。
【66题详解】
“遵循”的英文为“follow”，“这些”的英文为“these”，“步骤”的英文为“step”，“these”后应用复数形式“steps”，“遵循这些步骤”可表达为“follow these steps”。故答案填follow these steps。
【67题详解】
“与……相反”的英文为“contrary to”，“大众的”的英文为“popular”，“想法”的英文为“belief”，当表示多种想法时，可以用“belief”的复数形式“beliefs”，“与大众想法相反”可表达为“contrary to popular belief (s)”。故答案填contrary to popular belief (s)。
【68题详解】
“使……”的英文为“make”，“某人的梦想”的英文为“one’s dream”，“成真”的英文为“come true”或“a reality”，“使某人的梦想成真”可表达为“make one’s dream come true/make one’s dream a reality”。故答案填make one’s dream come true/make one’s dream a reality。
【69题详解】
“自然的”的英文为“natural”，“灾害”的英文为“disaster”，“自然灾害”不止一个，应用“disaster”的复数形式“disasters”，“自然灾害”可表达为“natural disasters”。故答案填natural disasters。
【70题详解】
“大多数”的英文为“majority”，“绝大多数”可表达为“the majority of”，也可在“majority”前加“vast”，意为“大量的，巨大的”。故答案填the (vast) majority of。
七、选词填空：请选择合适词, 并用其恰当形式填空, 每个词仅用一次。（本大题共7小题, 共14分。）
【71~77题答案】
【答案】71. occurred
72. would launch## had launched
73. foreign
74. communicate
75. practice
76. promise
77. assume
【解析】
【71题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：据目击者称，车祸发生在两小时前。根据句意可知，车祸发生在两小时前，occur “发生”，在句子中作谓语动词，根据 two hours ago可知，时态为一般过去时态。故填occurred。
【72题详解】
考查时态。句意：这位经理宣布公司将启动一项新计划，向偏远地区的孩子们分发免费书籍。（经理宣布公司已启动一项新计划，向偏远地区的孩子们分发免费书籍。）根据句意可知，这位经理宣布公司将启动一项新计划，launch “发起”，作宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时态，可以用过去将来时态，表示在过去的某一时间点上将要做某事；也可以用过去完成时态，表示发生在过去的过去。故填would launch/ had launched。
【73题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我第一次探索这座城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的。根据“when I explored the city for the first time”可知，第一次探索这个城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的，foreign “陌生的”，形容词在句中作表语。故填foreign。
【74题详解】
考查动词。句意：她努力不让孩子知道她的焦虑，但不知怎么的，小男孩还是感觉到了。根据句意可知，她努力不向孩子表达出她的焦虑，但是小男孩还是感觉到了，communicate ...to... “向……表达”。make an effort （not）to do sth “努力（不）做某事”。故填communicate.
【75题详解】
考查名词。句意：春节期间，所有中国人回家与家人团聚是一种传统习俗。根据“all the Chinese to head back home and reunite with family during Spring Festival”可知，所有中国人春节回家和家人团聚是一种传统习俗，practice 为名词“习俗”。故填practice。
【76题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种新开发的药物在预防感染方面显示出巨大的前景。这种新开发的药物在预防感染方面显示出巨大的前景。根据句意可知，新开发的药物显示出巨大的前景。空前为形容词，空处需要名词。promise 为名词“获得成功的迹象或前景”，符合句意。故填promise。
【77题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多人认为他们已经尽了最大的努力，但事实上他们仍然有很大的潜力。根据“but in fact they still have great potential.”可知，很多人只是认为它们已经尽了全力，但是其实还有很大的潜力。assume “认为”，空处为句子的谓语动词，时态为一般现在时态，主语为复数。故填assume。
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空, 注意使用恰当形式。（本大题共8小题, 共16分。）
78. 【答案】forgotten
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多亏他们的努力，这段被遗忘的历史现在被展示给了公众。此处为非谓语动词作定语，part 与forget之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填forgotten。
79. 【答案】Response
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：对这张专辑的反应多半是积极的，一些评论家认为这是该乐队十年来最好的专辑。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作主语，“respond”意为“作出反应”，动词词性，对应的名词为“response”，意为“反应”，为不可数名词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Response。
80. 【答案】combination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：正是这个感人的故事和对人物生动的刻画相结合，使他的书如此吸引人。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词combination。故填combination。
81. 【答案】is making a huge impact on/is having a huge impact on/making a huge impact on/having a huge impact on
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：社交媒体正在成为信息的主要来源，并对传统媒体产生巨大影响。根据汉语提示“对……产生巨大影响”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“make/have a huge impact on…”，意为“对……产生巨大影响”，根据句意和句中“is becoming”可知，句中动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，句子主语“Social media”与“is”连用，“make”的现在分词为“making”，“have”的现在分词为“having”，故空格处可填“is making a huge impact on”或“is having a huge impact on”，句子为“and”连接两个并列成分，前面已经有“is”，后面的“is”可以省略，故空格处也可填“making a huge impact on”或“having a huge impact on”。故填is making a huge impact on/is having a huge impact on/making a huge impact on/having a huge impact on。
82. 【答案】satisfy his curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：受到历史书中冒险者的启发，布鲁诺重新燃起激情，出发去满足他对周围环境的好奇心。“满足某人的好奇心”为satisfy one’s curiosity，此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故填satisfy his curiosity。
83.【答案】weighed her advantages and interests
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：她权衡了自己的优势和兴趣，最后做出了决定。根据汉语提示“衡量了她的优势和兴趣”可知短语为weigh her advantages and interests，根据后文made可知用一般过去时。故填weighed her advantages and interests。
84. 【答案】be pushed to new heights
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查短语和时态语态。句意：在先进技术的帮助下，运动员的表现将在2022年冬奥会上被推向新的高度。push sth to new heights将某物推向新高度，the performance of athletes与push之间是被动关系，用被动语态，will后接动词原形，故填be pushed to new heights。
【点睛】
85. 【答案】play a vital role in helping people realize
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：动物园在帮助人们认识到野生动物保护的重要性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。根据汉语提示“在……方面扮演极其重要的角色”可知短语为play a vital role in doing sth.；表示“帮助人们意识到”应用help people realize。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为zoos，谓语用原形。故填play a vital role in helping people realize。
九、作文。（本大题共1题, 共10分。）
86. 【答案】Dear Jim,
The Spring Festival is coming. I will send you a present.
It’s a lacquer engraving handicraft plate. Lacquer engraving is a traditional Chinese folk craft art. The engraving is made by red lacquer painted on a wooden base. You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck and is especially favored by Chinese people.
Because there is a pattern of the Great Wall on the plate, I choose this gift for you. I still remember your astonished look when both of us finally made it to the highest beacon tower of the Great Wall, seeing the spectacular scene.
I hope that you’ll like it. Happy Chinese New Year!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高一学生李华的身份，在临近春节期间，送给你的英国朋友Jim一件具有中国特色的春节礼物，并给他写封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
好运：good luck→good fortune
吃惊的：astonished→amazed
最后：finally→eventually
令人惊叹的：spectacular→breathtaking
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck and is especially favored by Chinese people.
拓展句：You know, the color of red stands for happiness and good luck, which is especially favored by Chinese people.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Because there is a pattern of the Great Wall on the plate, I choose this gift for you.（运用了Because引导的原因状语从句）
[高分句型2] I hope that you’ll like it.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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