（精校版）2019年北京卷英语高考真题文档版（含答案）

这是一份（精校版）2019年北京卷英语高考真题文档版（含答案），共14页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分），facing，myself等内容，欢迎下载使用。

绝密★启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英 语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. ＂How will I make friends?＂ She handed me advice,＂Be yourself.＂ For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 （face） challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words ＂Be yourself＂.
1.voiced。解析：根据“stood”一词可知，是过去时，故填voiced。
2.facing。解析：本句话的谓语动词是know，所以此处用非谓语动词facing。
3.myself。解析：这里指我对自己说，故用反身代词。
B
Earth Day, 4 （mark）on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity） on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power — the possibilities are endless.
4. marked。解析：本句的谓语动词是is，所以此处应用动词的非谓语形式，mark与主语“Earth Day”之间是被动关系，故填marked。
5. in。解析：在年份前面用介词“in”。
6. activities。解析：various意为“各种的”，后面加可数名词复数，故填activities。

C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7 （suggest）that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源）. Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.
7. suggest/suggested/has suggested。解析：考察动词的时态和主谓一致。
8. where。解析：这里指学生在大学里所做的事要比他们在哪所大学重要的多。分析句子结构可知，这里用where引导宾语从句。
9. who/that。解析：这里需要一个定语从句的引导词，分析句子可知，先行词为“those”指代人，且在句中做主语，关系代词应用who或者that。
10. meaningful。解析：and前后连接两个词性一致的词，healthy为形容词，故填meaning的形容词形式。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people. Wilson has 13 an astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s 15 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students 16 call him
＂Grandpa＂.
Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 . "It’s not just a ride；you’re not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on.＂ Stern said. ＂He asks you questions and actually 20 the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll 21 those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29 . ＂I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It’s such a（n） 30 to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
解析：从第一段可知，Paul Wilson一直为大学生提供免费乘车的服务，故选C。
12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering
解析：根据上一句可知，Paul Wilson免费接送大学生，可推知，他自愿用自己的车接送年轻人，故选D。
13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered
解析：根据上文中的“for the past eight years”和本句中的“an astonishing 64, 000 miles”可知，Paul Wilson已经行驶了64 000英里，故选B。
14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. conversations
解析：根据第三段中Tina Stern说的话可知，Paul Wilson在接送学生的过程中和学生有过无数愉快且幽默的交谈，故选D。
15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations
解析：这里指他开车免费接送的学生们已经成为医生、老师和工程师，故选B。
16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already
解析：根据上一句可知，学生们把Paul Wilson当作楷模和朋友，因此他们和Paul Wilson很亲近，一些学生甚至称呼他“爷爷”可知，故选A。
17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded
解析：根据文章可知，Paul Wilson免费接送学生，此处指Tina Stern在大学四年里得到了Paul Wilson的接送，故选B。
18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication
解析：根据空格后的“It’s not just a ride...”可知，这些乘车的经历对Tina Stern来说不止是免费的出行方式，故选A。
19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious
解析：根据第二段中的“pleasant and often humorous”可知，这里指当你坐Paul Wilson的车时，你不是坐在那里尴尬不说话，或者戴着耳机，故选B。
20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers
解析：根据下文“so the next time you ride with him, he’ll 21 those things.”可知，当你乘坐Paul Wilson的车时，他会问你一些问题，并记住答案，下一次你再坐他的车时，他会核对那些事情，故选D。
21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
解析：这里指“核实”故选C。
22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme
解析：根据本段第一句中的“a student-support programme of the non-profit organization”可知，这个计划要求成员们只接送学生们上下学，故选D。
23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards
解析：根据语境可知，尽管计划只要求成员们开车接送学生，但Paul Wilson经常会做更多，以确保学生的福利和安全。go beyond意为“超过，超出”，符合语境，故选C。
24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warn
解析：根据上文中的“If they have problems with registration.”可知，如果他们注册遇到了问题，Paul Wilson会在那里帮助他们，故选A。
25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates
解析：根据上文可知，Paul Wilson总是乐于帮助学生，由此可推知，如果学生饿了，他会毫不犹豫地给他们买饭吃，故选D。
26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate
解析：根据下文可知，对许多学生来说，Paul Wilson的帮助不仅仅是值得感激的，而且对他们能够完成的大学教育也是十分必要的，故选C。
27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange
解析：根据空后的“who work six days a week”可知，还有一些学生不得不跟他们的父母合用一辆车，故选A。
28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced
解析：根据语境可知，搭Paul Wilson的车让他们能够完成自己的学业，故选B。
29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
解析：根据语境可知，此处指Paul Wilson从免费搭车的学生的经历中获益很多，故选A。
30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience
解析：根据上文中的“‘I just love driving and I love these kids...’”可知，他喜欢驾驶，也喜欢这些孩子。由此可推知，即使只有几个小时，了解他们并听他们的故事，对他来说也是种荣幸，故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association（GDA）.Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes：
Country
Schedule
4-week programmes
7-week programmes
Algeria
5 Jul.—1 Aug.
20 Jun. —7 Aug.
Egypt
24 Jul.—20 Aug.
19 Jun.—6 Aug.
Kenya
20 Jul.—16 Aug.
18 Jun.—5 Aug.
South Africa
2 Aug.—29 Aug.
15 Jun.—2 Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:www.glodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A. To seek local partners. B. To take in young volunteers.
C. To carry out programmes. D. To foster cultural awareness.
解析：题干问志愿者经理的主要职责是什么，根据“They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.”可知，故选C。
32. The programme beginning in August will operate in .
A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South Africa
解析：题干问8月份开始的项目将在哪里进行，根据表格最后一行可知，8月开始的项目即将在南非举行，故选D。
33. The shared goal of GDA’s projects is to .
A. explore new cultures B. protect the environment
C. gain corporate benefits D. help communities in need
解析：题干问GDA项目的共同目标是什么，根据第六段第二句可知，共同的目标是帮助贫困社区，故选D。
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?
A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention. D. She chose to consult dentists.
解析：Moore对待她爸爸的警告是如何反应的，根据第二段“With that in mind...company.”可知，她试图找到解决的办法，故选B。
35. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
解析：题干问 CanCandy有什么特别之处，根据第三段第三句“Consequently, she succeeded...oral bacteria.”可知，对口腔健康有益处，故选A。
36. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies.
解析：题干问 Moore对她的事业有什么期待，根据最后一段第三句可知，想帮助别人找到笑容，故选B。
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
解析：题干问我们可以从Alice Moore的故事中学到什么，通读全文可知，Moore的父亲不允许她吃糖，她便积极地解决这个问题，经过努力之后创建了自己的公司，生产了对牙齿有益的糖，由此可知，故选C。
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）. We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, Apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these ＂solutions"（解决方案）become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using Apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
解析：作者认为骚扰电话的解决办法怎么样，根据第一段第四、五句可知，很失望，故选D。
39. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ___________.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
解析：题干问利用新的技术，骗子可以做什么，根据第三段第二、三句可知，骗子可以精准的欺诈，故选A。
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
解析：题干问本文暗示了什么，根据第二段可知，技术是有利也有弊，故选B。
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
解析：题干问最佳标题是什么，通读全文可知，赢得信任很难，失去信任很简单，解决骚扰电话从现在开始只会越来越难，故选C。
D
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. ＂Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,＂she said, ＂but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ＂
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, ＂it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.＂ Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. ＂It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,＂ Dutkiewicz said, ＂but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.＂
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
解析：题干问前两段主要讲了什么，通读第一段和第二段可知，海洋颜色变化的原因，故选B。
43. What does the underlined word＂vulnerable＂in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
解析：第三段的画线词是什么意思，根据第三段最后一句可知，“敏感的”与其意思相近，故选A。
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
解析：题干问我们从这篇文章中了解了什么，根据第四段第四句可知，有更多浮游植物的海洋可能会显得更绿，故选D。
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
解析：题干问本文的主要目的是什么，通读全文可知，由于浮游植物的海洋微生物的影响，海洋的颜色会随着气候的变化而变化，故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
47 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their actions. 48 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, ＂There is no I in TEAM.＂ 49
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
50 . An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
46.B。解析：空前说大多数人认为创建优秀的团队的最佳方式是将有才华的人聚在一起，空后说许多公司花费很多钱雇佣优秀的人才，他们的花费值得吗。B项“运动队老板花费巨资吸引人才”符合语境，故选B。
47.E。解析：空后说它们集中在足球、篮球的棒球上。E项“最近的一项研究调查了天才在体育界的作用”和下文紧密衔接，故选E。
48.G。解析：G项“这种任务依存性把棒球和足球以及篮球区分开来”符合空前“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了优秀队员的协调程度对团队的表现”，故选G。
49.D。解析：空前说学习团队运动的幼儿经常被告知，团队中没有自我，而D项“this basic principle”指代“There is no I in TEAM.”，故选D。
50.F。解析：空前说一支优秀的队伍需要一种平衡：不仅要有优秀的选手，也要有一般的选手。F项“建立一支梦之队比雇佣最优秀的选手复杂得多”符合语境，故选F。

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 (15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 交通出行；
2. 必备衣物。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China.
I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both cities.
Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon











One possible version:
Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”. And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.
When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.
When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.