2023北京平谷高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2023北京平谷高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京平谷高二（上）期末
英 语
注
意
事
项
1．本试卷共12 页，包括四部分，满分100分。考试时间90 分钟。
2．在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名。
3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5．考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In a winter evening, Gus Kiebel was driving home from work. Suddenly he ____1____ a pair of beagles in the flash of his headlights. It was snowing so hard, but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels. Gus parked his truck and ____2____ the animals. He squatted(蹲) and stretched out his hands to the beagles. He read their labels by his truck’s headlights—these two dogs were a couple. He ____3____ his phone to call the number listed, but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred.
Then he placed the dogs in his truck and they snuggled(依偎) together. Gus dialed the number from the dogs’ ____4____. Unfortunately, the call declined. But Gus dialed again. A man ____5____ and immediately grew defensive. “I gave those dogs away,” the man said. “They’re not mine anymore.” The man hung up.
It was ____6____ that these beagles were abandoned. As a boy, Gus had dreamed of owning beagles, but he already had a family dog. The next day, he took the dogs to the shelter to drop them off—on one condition. “I’m not signing the dogs over to you if you’re going to ____7____ them.” he said. The shelter workers promised him they’d keep the couple together.
In the following days, Gus phoned the shelter ____8____ to check up on the pair of beagles. Soon after Christmas, the beagles were ____9____, as a pair, and adopted to a loving family. What Gus did brought out the best in our nature. And when _____10_____ and love overcome cruelty and the elements, it can feel like the greatest miracle of all.
1. A. checked B. spotted C. guided D. pushed
2. A. approached B. found C. got D. waited
3. A. picked up B. dropped out C. pulled up D. reached out
4. A. signs B. bags C. labels D. clothes
5. A. talked B. answered C. chatted D. cried
6. A. obvious B. fortunate C. desperate D. special
7. A. hurt B. drop C. raise D. separate
8. A. immediately B. accidentally C. repeatedly D. initially
9. A. protected B. adapted C. stolen D. chosen
10. A. kindness B. bravery C. generosity D. enthusiasm
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last month, I passed by a cinema in the city center. A movie poster ____11____ (catch) my eyes. To my amazement, the new film ____12____ (produce) by Sam, one of my students. Sam was born in a poor family. His parents could not afford to send him to an art school ____13____ he could learn performance and filmmaking. So I helped and supported him. Sam had a talent for film and kept on all the way.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China’s space medicine experts have started planning to set up a “space hospital” ____14____ (serve) astronauts, according to a ____15____ (lead) scientist. These experts are carrying out experiments and tests on the ground to advance the basic work on a space hospital. The value of this project is that it ____16____ (enable) our space explorers to travel deeper and stay ____17____ (healthy) during their journey. The research of such a space-based clinic will also help to develop our country’s medical technology.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When a teacher asked his students to save their water bottles, Austin was determined to not just have a role to help the environment ____18____ to make a huge impact. The boy set out to collect hundreds of water bottle ____19____ (cap), which would be recycled and used to make prosthetic limbs (假肢). “I went home and thought of a way I could collect enough to help out.” Austin said that he ____20____ (be) aware that it was a simple way to help out young kids in need.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，33分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be titled The World Heritage Site. The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420, The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the central area of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.

The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes, south of the city, were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD. It was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.The images were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 2,345 caves. The area also has over sixty Buddhist pagodas.

The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England. It consists of a ring of standing stones, topped by connecting stones. The whole monument, now ruinous, is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.

21. What can we learn about Stonehenge?
A. Stonehenge is a symbol of British culture.
B. Stonehenge has a history of 3000 years.
C. Stonehenge consists of stones and wood.
D. Stonehenge is not oriented towards the sunrise.
22. According to the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. there are 100,000 caves in The Longmen Grottoes
B. The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings
C. only one site in Luoyang is listed in The World Heritage Sites
D. the Temple of Heaven has been titled the World Heritage Site for 30 years
23. What do the three sites in the text have in common?
A. They have caves, halls and statues.
B. They are ancient imperial buildings.
C. They all have historical and cultural value.
D. They are connected with Buddhist culture.
B
Marathon Man
In 1896, a young man from Greece named Spiridon Louis ran one of the most exciting footraces ever.
Born in 1873 in a small house in the rocky hills above Athens, Spiridon helped his father tend the sheep from a very young age. After gathering the wool, they walked to the Athens market to sell it. It was in Athens Spiridon’s father told him the legend of Pheidippides, who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens, to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle, but died after delivering the message. The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him. The legend had inspired him for many years.
By the time he was in his early twenties Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills. Twice a day he would load two barrels full of water on his mule and run alongside the mule to Athens, a trip of more than eight miles. Spiridon’s legs and heart grew strong from all that running. When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games, he decided to enter. The race would be called marathon, in honor of the legend of Pheidippides.
Held on the last day of the Olympics in Athens, the race included many excellent runners from several countries. When there were six miles to go, Edwin Flack of Australia was in the lead. But Spiridon, who had started out at a slower, steady pace, began to gain ground, and won the first Olympic marathon.
The Summer Olympic Games take place once every four years, bringing together athletes from all over the world. Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon, just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.
24. According to the legend, Phedippides died ________.
A. in the village of Marathon B. because of the long-distance run
C. on his way delivering the message D. in the great battle that the Greek had won
25. How was Spiridon earning his living by the time he entered the race?
A. By selling the wool. B. By running the mule.
C. By selling fresh water from the hills. D. By helping his father tend the sheep.
26. What can we learn from the passage?
A. To load water, Spiridon ran the mule to Athens every day.
B. Spiridon practised running by loading barrels full of water.
C. Spiridon did not run faster than others at the beginning of the race.
D. The Olympic Games were held to honor the legend of Pheidippides.
27. Spiridon’s story is written to ________.
A. describe how Spiridon succeeded
B. honor the legend of Pheidippides
C. remember the first Olympic Games
D. motivate the athletes of the Olympic marathon
C
It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. During the teenage years, for example, the brain changes massively, and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships, and status.
“Being a teenager is a really a major time of development,” says Orben. “You’re much more impacted by your peers, you’re much more interested in what other people think about you. And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times.”
As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. “There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points. That might be due to living different lives, going through development at different points. They might be using social media differently.” says Orben.
For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision. “In a lot of cases, parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day.” says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood. “I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility,” says Anja Stevie, researcher at the University of Vienna, Austria. “This is definitely something that parents should consider: are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device?”
One factor parents shouldn’t overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone. Besides, it’s worth remembering, though, that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available. “I’m increasingly hearing, when I interview children, that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get, and I think that is probably really wise,” says Livingstone.
28. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones.
B. Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones.
C. Age does not influence the impact of social media on children.
D. It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children’s phones.
29. What’s the writer’s attitude towards buying children smart phones?
A. Concerned. B. Puzzled. C. Pessimistic. D. Subjective.
30. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Parents’ Practical Decision B. Negative Sides of Social Media
C. An Introduction of Apps & Games D. When to Buy Children Smartphones
D
In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”: no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped. A rare exception is onomatopoeia, where words representing the bark of a dog (bow-wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound. Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama? It does not sound like a mother, but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world. There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make. A baby vocalising will, at first, make a vowel-like sound, usually something like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother” around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities, too. Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose). This produces a b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five, or older still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world’s dazzling variety.
31. What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A. Pronunciation B. Sound C. Bee D. Animal
32. “Mamas” and “papas” are used so universally because ________.
A. he sounds of the two words sound alike
B. air will come out of baby’s mouth directly
C. the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D. babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
33. According to the passage, which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate?
A. Forthcoming. B. Programme. C. Magnificent. D. Magazine.
34. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Inspiration from babies’ smile and talks.
B. Linguists’ efforts to the research of sounds.
C. Connection between the word mum and dad.
D. Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.
第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Six Tips for Freshmen
Starting college can be a stressful experience. It introduces a lot of big changes in your life. Here are six tips for freshmen.
1. ____35____
Of all the tips for college, this one might be the most practical. Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis, and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!
2. Be comfortable being on your own.
____36____ The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills, how to do laundry, and how to follow a routine.
3. Have an idea of what you want to study.
Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death. ____37____ Internships(实习期) are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.
4. Put yourself out there.
For those who struggle to make friends, finding people who you share interests with is always a good place to start. Joining a local club or activity that you enjoy can help you to meet new people that like the same things that you do.
5. Practice good habits.
Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits. ____38____ These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.
6. ____39____
Budgeting(预算) can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits. A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.
A. Learn to manage your finances.
B. Make sure to take classes that interest you.
C. Making good friend is very important in college.
D. Know what things you need for a college dorm.
E. Establish a healthy system, and eat a balanced diet.
F. You could do a part time job to earn more money.
G. In most cases, college is the first time that you will be completely on your own.
第三部分 基础知识(共两节，10分)
第一节(每空0.5分，共5分)
用括号里所给词的正确形式填空，在未给出提示词的空白处只能填写一个恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Years ago, Jason was a college professor with a big house. But ________ (know) that many people were living in poor conditions, he ________ (feel) guilty.（所给词的适当形式填空）
41. Everyone ________ (experience) stress. For students, studying for many hours and preparing for exams can really have an influence ________ our well-being and health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42. Last year, I tried ________ (share) a car with my colleagues ________ live near me but it still took so long.（所给词的适当形式填空）（用适当的词填空）
43. I spent a happy hour ________ (sit) in a cafe, ________ (think) about the good times I had had there as a student.（所给词的适当形式填空）
44. Without a teacher, he taught ________ (him) how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he ________ (know) three different programming languages.（所给词的适当形式填空）
第二节(每空1分，共5分)
从方框中选择最恰当的词，并用其正确形式填空。
severe superb spell expand behave
When Helen was young she lost her sight and hearing. With these ____45____ restrictions to her communication, Helen’s ____46____ was often unbearable and sometimes she was troublesome, stubborn and angry with a tendency to break things when she was not understood. Anne Sullivan was a ____47____ teacher. Anne’s technique was simple and straightforward. She put an object into Helen’s hand and ____48____ out the word on her other hand. The precious knowledge she taught Helen gave her hope and joy. From “doll” and “water”, Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary ____49____ and this changed her thinking process.
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题，第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “moonlight clan” refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs. According to CCTV in 2021, 40 percent of singles in China’s first-tier cities belong to the “moonlight clan.” On the other hand, the Chinese household savings rate remains high. The average savings rate in China is over 45 percent. In other words, nearly half of a household’s income does not flow back into the economy but sits in a bank account (or somewhere else).
Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency. But considering current economic situation in China, the high savings rate is a good thing.
To cope with pressure, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents’ consumption, such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers(消费券). High savings rates are undoubtedly an important support for these policies because without actual money in the bank, no matter how encouraging the policies are, the public just won’t shop.
Despite a still very active market, China needs more effective measures to persuade more people to start spending again and stimulate the economy. And once more people feel like spending freely again, China’s domestic market will surely grow stronger, promising sound economic growth in the long term.
50. According to the passage, what does the term “moonlight clan” refer to?
________________
51. Why are some experts worried about the high household savings rate?
________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØTo cope with the current difficult economic situation, the Chinese government forced the people to consume.
________________
53. Would you like to be a member of the “moonlight clan” in the future? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
________________
第二节(20分)
54. 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从社交媒体上看到了你参观学校国画展览的照片，写信向你了解情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．国画展相关信息(时间、地点、目的等)；
2．你的感受。
国画展： the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings
注意：1．词数 100 左右;
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了格斯在一个风雪之夜救了一对被人遗弃的小猎犬，他把狗送到了收容所后依然很关心它们，终于这对小狗在圣诞节被领养的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然在他的车灯闪烁下他看见两只小猎犬。A. checked检查；B. spotted看见；C. guided带领；D. pushed推。根据后文“It was snowing so hard, but he could tell the dogs were wearing collars and labels.”可知，虽然雪很大但是他依然可以辨别出狗带着项圈和标签，说明他之前在车灯下看见了两只狗。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停下他的卡车然后接近动物。A. approached接近；B. found发现；C. got到达；D. waited等待。根据后文“He squatted(蹲) and stretched out his hands to the beagles.”可知，他蹲下身并且把手伸向小狗，推断他停车是为了接近小狗。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他掏出手机打了列出的号码，但是雪太大了以至于他的屏幕模糊了。A. picked up捡起；B. dropped out退出；C. pulled up拔起；D. reached out掏出。根据下文“but it was snowing so hard that his screen blurred”可知，雪下地太大他看不清屏幕，可推断他掏出手机是为了打电话。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：格斯拨打了狗标签上的号码。A. signs标志；B. bags书包；C. labels标签；D. clothes衣服。根据前文“the dogs were wearing collars and labels”可知，狗带着项圈和标签，推断出格斯要想知道狗主人的信息需要拨打标签上的电话，labels为原词复现。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：男人接了电话并且立刻变得很有戒心。A. talked谈话；B. answered回答；C. chatted聊天；D. cried哭。根据下文“The man hung up”可知，男人挂断了电话，推断出之前这个男人接了电话。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，这对小猎犬被抛弃了。A. obvious明显的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. desperate绝望的；D. special分开的。根据前文““I gave those dogs away,” the man said. “They’re not mine anymore.”及后文“these beagles were abandoned”可知，狗被遗弃是一个显而易见的事实。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你要分开他们，我就不会签字转让这对狗。A. hurt伤害；B. drop掉落；C. raise提升；D. separate分开。根据后文“The shelter workers promised him they’d keep the couple together.”可知，收容所的工人答应格斯会让这对狗在一起，推断出格斯的要求是不让这对狗分开。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意；在接下来的几天里，格斯反复给收容所打电话检查这对狗的情况。A. immediately立刻地；B. accidentally偶然地；C. repeatedly反复地；D. initially最初。根据后文“check up on the pair of beagles”可知，格斯检查这对狗的情况说明他对狗很关心，推断出他应该是反复打电话去检查狗的情况。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久在圣诞节之后，这对小猎犬被作为一对选中了并且被一个有爱的家庭收养。A. protected保护；B. adapted调整；C. stolen偷；D. chosen选择。根据后文“adopted to a loving family”可知，狗被收养了，说明它们在收容所里被选中了。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当善良和爱战胜了残忍和恶劣的环境，这就好像是最伟大的奇迹。A. kindness善良；B. bravery勇敢；C. generosity慷慨；D. enthusiasm热情。根据and并列结构可知，空格处需要填一个和love含义相近的词汇，kindness意为“善良”符合句意。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
【答案】11. caught
12. was produced
13. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了上个月，作者经过市中心的一家电影院。一张电影海报引起了作者的注意。令作者惊讶的是，这部新电影是由作者的一个学生山姆制作的。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：一张电影海报引起了我的注意。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文Last month时间状语以及上下文时态可知，此处动词应为过去式。故填caught。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这部新电影是由我的一个学生山姆制作的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文Last month时间状语以及上下文时态可知，此处动词应为过去式，因new film和动词produce为被动关系，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was produced。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他的父母没钱送他去艺术学校学习表演和电影制作。分析句子可知，先行词art school在从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句，故填where。
【答案】14. to serve
15. leading
16. will enable
17. healthier
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。报道说中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一个“太空医院”来为宇航员服务。
【14题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：据一位著名科学家称，中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一个“太空医院”来为宇航员服务。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词started，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，空处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to serve。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。空处需用形容词作定语修饰空后名词scientist，lead对应的形容词为leading“一流的，卓著的”。故填leading。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：该项目的价值在于，它将使我们的太空探险者能够更深入地探险，并在探险中保持健康。结合文章描述可知，本文描述的是将来的一种可能性，由此可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时。故填will enable。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。此处是系动词，其后需接形容词作表语，建立“太空医院”目的是帮助宇航员保持健康，由空前deeper可知，空处形容词需用比较级 。故填healthier。
【答案】18. but
19. caps 20. had been
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Austin收集瓶盖，将它们回收来做假肢，帮助有需要的孩子的善行。
【18题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：当一位老师要求他的学生节约他们的水瓶时，奥斯汀决心不仅要帮助环境，还要产生巨大的影响。not just...but...是固定搭配，意为“不仅要……还要……”，因此空格处填but，故填but。
【19题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：这个男孩开始收集数百个瓶盖，这些瓶盖将被回收利用，用来制作假肢。空前有hundreds of，空格处用复数，故填caps。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：奥斯汀说，他意识到这是一种帮助有需要的孩子的简单方法。be aware的动作在said前已经完成，因此空格处时态用过去完成时，表示一个过去的过去已经完成的动作，因此空格处是had been。故填had been。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，33分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个具有历史和文化价值的联合国世界遗产。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire中“Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. (巨石阵被视为英国的文化标志)”可知，巨石阵是英国文化的象征。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing中“The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.( 故宫由三大建筑组成：祈年殿、皇穹宇和圜丘坛)”可知，天坛有三组主要的建筑。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.(该组织根据历史和文化的重要性以及它们的美丽来选择景点)”和后文文章的介绍可知，这三个文化遗产的共同之处在于它们都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。1896年，一个来自希腊名叫Spiridon Louis的年轻人跑出了有史以来最激动人心的马拉松比赛，获得冠军。文章讲述了他受到Pheidippides传说的启发，开始参加比赛的经历。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was in Athens Spiridon’s father told him the legend of Pheidippides, who ran from the village of Marathon to Athens, to tell his people that the Greeks had won a great battle, but died after delivering the message. The run of nearly 25 miles had been too much for him.(正是在雅典，Spiridon的父亲告诉他Pheidippides的传说，他从马拉松的村庄跑到雅典，告诉他的人民希腊人赢得了一场伟大的战斗，但在传递消息后死亡。将近25英里的长跑使他承受不了。)”可知，根据传说，Phedippides的死是由于长跑造成的，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“By the time he was in his early twenties, Spiridon was making a living selling fresh water from the hills...When he heard that a long race would be part of the Olympic Games, he decided to enter.(在他二十出头的时候，Spiridon靠卖山上的淡水谋生……当他听说长跑将是奥运会的一个项目时，他决定参加。)”可知，在Spiridon参加比赛时，他是靠卖山上的淡水为生，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But Spiridon, who had started out at a slower, steady pace, began to gain ground, and won the first Olympic marathon.( 但是Spiridon开始跑得比较慢较，比较稳，随后开始跑得快，并赢得了第一届奥运会马拉松比赛。)”可知，在比赛开始时，Spiridon并没有比其他人跑得更快。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Perhaps the story of Spiridon will inspire the next winner of the Olympic marathon, just as Spiridon was inspired by the legend of Pheidippides so long ago.(也许Spiridon的故事会激励下一个奥运会马拉松冠军，就像很久以前Spiridon受到Pheidippides传说的启发一样。)”可知，文章Spiridon的故事是为了激励奥林匹克马拉松运动员，故选D。
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社交媒体对儿童和青少年的负面影响会让让孩子对社交媒体更加敏感。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision (对许多父母来说，给孩子买手机是一个实际的决定)”可知许多父母倾向于给孩子买智能手机，故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. (除了年龄之外，其他因素可能会影响社交媒体对儿童和青少年的影响，但研究人员才刚刚开始探索这些个体差异)”可知作者对购买儿童智能手机的态度是担忧的，故选A。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对儿童和青少年的负面影响会让让孩子对社交媒体更加敏感。以及第一段讲到“It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. (值得注意的是，发展变化可能会让孩子对社交媒体的负面影响更加敏感。)”可知这篇文章的最佳标题是社交媒体的负面影响，故选B。
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要在探讨在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped.”（单词dog和毛茸茸的 quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“ a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.”（有少数几个，比如b、 m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder.”（F -不是特别容易发音；th音更难发音。）可知，选项A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality?”（在许多语言中，““mother/mom”这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗?）并结合全文可知，本文主要在讨论许多发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
【答案】35. D 36. G 37. B 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了给大学新生的六条建议。
【35题详解】
空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Of all the tips for college, this one might be the most practical. Make sure to consider what use at home on a daily or weekly basis, and take a look at what a college student has suggested you bring!(在所有关于大学生活的建议中，这一条可能是最实用的。一定要考虑每天或每周在家用什么，看看一个大学生建议你带什么!)”可知，本段建议要弄清楚日常需要使用什么，需要带什么到学校，因此推断D项“知道你在大学宿舍需要什么。”为本段标题，故选D。
【36题详解】
根据段落标题“Be comfortable being on your own(独立是舒适的)”可知，本段建议要学会独立，下文“The tasks for which you once relied on your parents are now your responsibility, so it is important that you come to school knowing basic skills, how to do laundry, and how to follow a routine.(你曾经依靠父母完成的任务现在是你自己的责任，所以上学时，知道一些基本的技能，如何洗衣服，以及如何遵守常规是很重要的。)”讲述不能再依靠父母，一些事情要依靠自己，要学会一些基本生活技能，G项中的“on your own”呼应主题，因此推断G项“在大多数情况下，大学是你第一次完全依靠自己。”符合语境，引出下文的解释。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据段落标题“Have an idea of what you want to study.(明确自己想学什么。)”可知，本段讲述关于学什么的建议，上文“Declaring your major immediately upon getting accepted into college is not life or death.(被大学录取后立即宣布专业并不是生死攸关的事。)”谈到大学选专业并不是生死攸关的事情，下文“Internships(实习期) are also a great way to dip your toes in the water and find out whether or not you are interested in a certain career.(实习也是试水的好方法，可以让你知道自己是否对某个职业感兴趣。)”讲述了选专业的方法，前后文都是关系选专业的话题，B项“一定要参加你感兴趣的课程。”符合语境，与选专业有关。故选B。
【38题详解】
上文“Being away from home and the structure of middle school for the first time causes many college freshmen to form bad habits.(第一次离开家乡和中学结构导致许多大学新生形成坏习惯。)”谈到了第一次离家容易养成坏习惯，下文“These will help ensure you stay in good health and make your college experience much smoother.(这将有助于你保持身体健康，让你的大学生活更加顺利。)”中的these应是指空处的内容，这些可以有助于你保持身体健康，因此推断E项“建立健康的系统，均衡饮食。”符合语境，承接上文的坏习惯谈到好习惯，均衡饮食，健康体系有助于保持健康，承上启下，故选E。
【39题详解】
空处为段落标题。根据下文“Budgeting(预算) can be a very simple way to understand and monitor your spending habits. A simple spreadsheet with your monthly expenses and income is a great way to start listing your spending.(预算是了解和监控自己消费习惯的一种非常简单的方法。用一个简单的电子表格列出你每月的支出和收入是列出你的支出的好方法。)”可知，本段讲述了有关制定预算的建议，因此推断A项“学会管理你的财务状况。”为本段标题。故选A。
第三部分 基础知识(共两节，10分)
第一节(每空0.5分，共5分)
用括号里所给词的正确形式填空，在未给出提示词的空白处只能填写一个恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. 【答案】 ①. knowing ②. felt
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词。句意：几年前，杰森是一名大学教授，有一所大房子。但知道许多人生活在恶劣的条件下，他感到内疚。分析句子可知，该句第一空为非谓语动词作状语，因know和逻辑主语he为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。该句第二空为谓语动词的填入，因Years ago时间状语可知，此处动词为过去时。故分别填knowing；felt。
41. 【答案】 ①. experiences ②. on
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和介词。句意：每个人都有压力。对于学生来说，长时间学习和准备考试真的会对我们的幸福和健康产生影响。第一空处experience“体验，感受”，动词作谓语；本句陈述事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是不定代词，所以空处动词需用单数；have an influence on…对……有影响，固定短语。故填①experiences ②on。
42. 【答案】 ①. sharing ②. who##that
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。句意：去年，我试着和住在附近的同事拼车，但还是花了很长时间。根据句意可知，该句第一空为动词短语try doing“尝试做某事”，满足句意要求；该句第二空为关系代词who/that引导的定语从句，先行词colleagues在从句中作主语成分。故分别填sharing；who/that。
43. 【答案】 ①. sitting ②. thinking
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：我坐在咖啡馆里度过了一段快乐的时光，回想着我作为学生在那里度过的美好时光。分析句子可知，该句第一空为固定短语spend time (in) doing“花时间做某事”；该句第二空为非谓语动词作伴随状语，因think和逻辑主语I为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故分别填sitting；thinking。
44. 【答案】 ①. himself ②. had known
【解析】
【详解】考查反身代词和动词。句意：在没有老师的情况下，他自学了如何使用计算机，到12岁时，他已经知道了三种不同的编程语言。根据句意以及Without a teacher可知，该句第一空为反身代词himself“他自己”，构成he taught himself“他自学”，满足句意要求。该句第二空，因by the age of 12时间状语可知，此处为过去完成时。故分别填himself；had known。
第二节(每空1分，共5分)
【答案】45. severe
46. behaviour
47. superb 48. spelt
49. expanded
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了海伦·凯乐和她的老师安妮·苏利文的故事。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。根据上文“When Helen was young she lost her sight and hearing.”可知，此处应用形容词severe“严重的”，作定语。故填severe。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，她的行为常常令人难以忍受，有时她很烦人，固执，生气，当她不被理解时，她倾向于打破东西。根据“was often unbearable and sometimes she was troublesome, stubborn and angry with a tendency to break things”可知，此处应用名词behaviour“行为”，作主语。故填behaviour。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：安妮·苏利文是一位出色的老师。根据“Anne’s technique was simple and straightforward.”可知，superb“非同一般的”，作定语。符合句意。故填superb。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：她把一个物体放到海伦手里，并用另一只手拼出这个词。根据“out the word on her other hand”可知，她把一个物体放到海伦手里，并用另一只手拼出这个词。动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。spelt符合句意。故填spelt。
【49题详解】
考查动词。句意：从“洋娃娃”到“水”，海伦的知识和词汇量都扩大了，这也改变了她的思维过程。根据“From “doll” and “water”,”可知，海伦的知识和词汇量都扩大了。发生在过去，应用一般过去时。expanded符合句意。故填expanded。
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题，第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
【答案】50. Those low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.
51. Due to limited capital flows and a less active currency.
52. The false part is ‘forced the people to consume’. Because we can know from the passage that to cope with pressure, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents’ consumption, such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers.
53. I don't want to become “moonlight clan”. Because we have to learn to spend wisely and use our money for what we really need. For society, it is also an expression of saving resources.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“月光族”这一现象，以及中国目前的经济形势。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“The term “moonlight clan” refers to low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs.”（“月光族”指的是中国那些将所有收入用于满足基本生活需求的低收入者。）可知，根据文章内容，“月光族”指的是中国那些将所有收入用于满足基本生活需求的低收入者。故答案为Those low-income earners in China who spend all of their income meeting their basic needs。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Some experts are concerned about this high rate because of limited capital flows and a less active currency.”（由于有限的资本流动和不那么活跃的货币，一些专家对如此高的汇率感到担忧。）可知，专家担心家庭储蓄率高是由于有限的资本流动和不那么活跃的货币。故答案为Due to limited capital flows and a less active currency。
【52题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第三段中“To cope with pressure, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents’ consumption, such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers.”（为了应对压力，中国政府出台了一系列刺激居民消费的政策，如鼓励在农村购买汽车和提供消费券。）可知，为了应对当前困难的经济形势，中国政府出台了一系列刺激居民消费的政策，如鼓励在农村购买汽车和提供消费券。而不是强制人们消费。故答案为The false part is ‘forced the people to consume’. Because we can know from the passage that to cope with pressure, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to stimulate residents’ consumption, such as encouraging the purchase of vehicles in the countryside and providing consumption vouchers.
【53题详解】
考查主观评论。我不想成为月光族。因为我们要学会合理消费，把钱用于真正需要的方面。对社会来说，这也是一种节约资源的表现。故答案为I don't want to become “moonlight clan”. Because we have to learn to spend wisely and use our money for what we really need. For society, it is also an expression of saving resources。
第二节(20分)
54. 【答案】
Dear Jim,
How are you doing? Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting, I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.
As scheduled, the event took place on April 20th in our school hall. Some experts were present and gave lectures on some well-known artists, through which we had a good understanding of traditional Chinese painting. Some paintings made by students were on display, which was a feast for the eyes. Every student present could feel the beauty of traditional Chinese painting, benefiting a lot from the activity.
Hopefully, you can join us next year.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从社交媒体上看到了你参观学校国画展览的照片，写信向你了解情况。请给他回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举行：took place→ be held
发表演讲：gave lectures→ made speeches
展出：on display→ on show
收获，收益：benefit→ gain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting, I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.
拓展句：Because I know that you are a lover of traditional Chinese painting, I am writing to tell you something about the exhibition of traditional Chinese paintings held in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Some paintings made by students were on display, which was a feast for the eyes.（运用了过去分词作定语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Every student present could feel the beauty of traditional Chinese painting, benefiting a lot from the activity.（运用了现在分词作状语。）