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2022北京北师大附中高二（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京北师大附中高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共25页。试卷主要包含了语法填空，单词拼写，中译英，听力理解，选词填空，完形填空，阅读理解，七选五等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京北师大附中高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷有八道大题，考试时长100分钟，满分140分。
第Ⅰ卷
一、语法填空：有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。本大题共15小题，共15分。
A
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins since I ___1___ (leave) school, but I often think about him. Before he taught me, science had been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea ___2___hydrogen (氢) was, and I didn’t really want to know, either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr. Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things ___3___ seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language. One day, he took us outside and we ___4___ (build) a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match ___5___ (set) it off. It was great fun.
B
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
Lang Ping is one of China’s most ___6___ (recognize) athletes. She has been a volleyball star for more than 35 years and has contributed greatly to the sport, ___7___ has made her the most popular figure in China’s volleyball history. After ___8___ (retire) as an athlete in 1986, she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the U.S. and Italy. However, in 1995 she ___9___(return) to become the coach of the women’s national team when the team was struggling. Under her leadership, the team came back to the top, ____10____ (win) the 2015 World Cup.
C
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
Factory farming involves ____11____ (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from ____12____(be) a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population ____13____ has already reached 7 billion. On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals, since many farm animals are kept in small spaces ____14____ they can hardly move. People ____15____ fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
二、单词拼写：根据首字母提示拼写单词。本大题共20小题，共20分。
汉译英
16. 雕像 n. s__________
17. 农业 n. a__________
18. 金字塔 n. p__________
19. 破坏 v. d__________
20. 服装 n. c__________
21. 相机 n. c__________
22. 发明 n. i__________
23. 探索 n. e__________
24. 温度 n. t__________
25. 代表 v. r__________
汉译英
26. 令人沮丧的 adj. f__________
27. 灾难 n. d__________
28. 毫不费力地 adv. e__________
29. 气候 n. c__________
30. 力量，优点 n. s__________
31. 获得，得到 v. a__________
32. 知识，了解 n. k__________
33. 分析 n. a__________
34. 文明 n. c__________
35. 邀请 n. i__________
三、中译英：请根据中文提示默写短语。本大题共10小题，共10分。
汉译英
36. 取得突破 ________
37. 对……大为赞叹 ________
38. 利用 ________
39. 跟某人有惊人的相似性 ________
40. 保护……免受…… ________
41. 完成使命 ________
42. 与……相反 ________
43. 抄捷径 ________
44. 设定截止时间 ________
45. 敦促某人做某事 ________
第Ⅱ卷
四、听力理解。本大题共15小题，共15分。
第一节：对话。
1. How does the man feel about his playing at the concert?
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Excited.
2. What do we know about the man’s pets?
A. They get along well.
B. They came on the same day.
C. They are in separate rooms.
3. Where does this dialogue probably take place?
A. In the office. B. At the hotel. C. At the hospital.
4. When is Tina going to arrive?
A. At 7:30 am. B. At 8:30 am. C. At 7:30 pm.
5. Why does the woman need the cell phone?
A. To take pictures. B. To call her friends. C. To share phone numbers
第二节：对话或独白。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why does the man ask the woman questions about smoking?
A. He wants to stop smoking.
B. He doesn’t like smoking.
C. He is doing some research.
7. What do we know about the woman’s husband?
A. He smokes a lot at home.
B. He is trying to stop smoking.
C. He has an illness from smoking.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why did the man get the ticket?
A. He ran into a passing car.
B. He went through the red light.
C. He stopped on the double yellow line.
9. What will the man have to do in the end?
A. Pay the fine. B. Go to the hospital. C. Repair the car.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. The bad weather. B. The weekend plan. C. The classic movie.
11. What does the woman like about the classics?
A. They make people think.
B. They are funny and interesting.
C. They are old but express new ideas.
12. What did the two speakers decide to do at last?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Go out for a walk. C. Go to the outdoor movie.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. What is the speaker?
A. A travel agent. B. A job adviser. C. A business traveler.
14. How much does the trip to Hawaii cost at least?
A. 199 pounds. B. 372 pounds. C. 400 pounds.
15. Which is the place suggested by the speaker in the package holiday?
A. Florida. B. Scotland. C. Wales.
五、选词填空。本大题共13小题，共13分。
46. All the seats on the bus had been ________ so we had to stand.
A. dominated B. occupied C. retained D. ignored
47. Thousands of soldiers are working to ________ food and blankets to the victims.
A. diagnose B. distribute C. dismiss D. transform
48. According to the study, the presence of peers ________ the reward circuitry(线路) in the brain of adolescents that it didn’t do in the case of adults.
A. applied B. approved C. adopted D. activated
49. Prince William said Africa’s population is destroying the continent’s wildlife, which ________ criticism across the globe.
A. invited B. interpreted C. invented D. invested
50. Mark has many friends online, but he still feels lonely and ________ from others.
A. deadly B. isolated C. dissatisfied D. positive
51. To avoid negative peer pressure, build up confidence in yourself and think about the consequence before you ________ it.
A. contribute to B. lead to C. yield to D. aim to
52. Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A. depleting B. enriching C. conserving D. supplying
53. Teachers must ________ rules for the students to follow while they are at school.
A. establish B. explore C. seal D. revive
54. The hospital has purchased some new facilities to ________ the treatment for cancer patients.
A. decrease B. optimize C. mimic D. chase
55. Simone Biles had to ________ from the competition because of the injury.
A. delay B. charge C. withdraw D. defend
56. The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A. crisis B. convention C. stereotypes D. substances
57. He ________ his success ________ his parents because without their sacrifice and supervision, he couldn’t have achieved anything.
A. named ... after B. wiped ... out C. introduced ... to D. owed ... to
58. A ________ teacher is very strict and will point out your mistakes directly so that you know clearly how to improve yourself.
A. reserved B. vulnerable C. esteemed D. demanding
六、完形填空。本大题共20小题，共20分。
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all____59____at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we____60____. This is one of the busiest walking streets.
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder____61____that nowhere could he find his backpack, which____62____his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough____63____we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never____64____anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for managing his____65____.
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive____66____, "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very____67____.
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I_____68_____him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_____69_____.
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black_____70_____there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not_____71_____what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too_____72_____because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was_____73_____there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_____74_____it.
I literally_____75_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle（奇迹）". In my wildest_____76_____, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____77_____for a child in losing something important…to lose it and feel the full_____78_____of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
59. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united
60. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept
61. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled
62. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered
63. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search
64. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted
65. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff
66. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks
67. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager
68. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught
69. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in
70. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing
71. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict
72. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused
73. A. already B. even C. almost D. still
74. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect
75. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried
76. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions
77. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot
78. A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest
七、阅读理解。本大题共11小题，共22分。
A
Dear Koko,
I’ve learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. I’ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.
It’s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas(大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They don’t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.
Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and I’ve learned so many things. For example, I’ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.
We’ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.
I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you’ve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?
Mike
79. According to the passage, Koko is probably ________.
A. a killer of gorillas B. a member of the gorilla family
C. an expert on gorillas D. a governor in charge of gorillas
80. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?
A. The problems gorillas face at present.
B. The danger gorillas cause for humans.
C. The unique characteristic gorillas have.
D. The natural environment gorillas live in.
81. The author suggests that ________.
A. gorillas should be protected in nature reserves
B. killers for gorillas should be legally responsible
C. organizations should be set up to protect gorillas
D. people should make donations to gorilla protection
B
A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
82. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.
A. his associates asked for a leave B. there was a scheduling mistake
C. few customers needed to be served D. the restaurant was scheduled to close
83. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.
A. washing dishes B. taking photos
C. taking orders D. cooking food
84. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?
A. They shared the same community spirit. B. They were family members of Ben.
C. They wanted to serve themselves. D. They were too hungry to wait.
85. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?
A. Lucky and excited. B. Moved and inspired.
C. Relieved and hopeful. D. Content and unbelievable.
C
Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that music improves sleep, or at least not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent “earworms” — having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and these people were six times as likely to report poor sleep quality. The team's analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p.m., participants went to a quid bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reported on how relaxed, nervous, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p.m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randomized to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress mid nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So—as earlier studies have also suggested—quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the lime. However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a lugger impact than music with lyrics isn't clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant's brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.
86. According to the passage, the participants in both studies ______.
A. listened to light music B. felt their sleeping problems resolved
C. had their sleeping quality monitored D. provided feedback of their life
87. What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Lead to. B. Impact on. C. Break in. D. Focus on.
88. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B. Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C. Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D. Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.
89. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B. the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C. how people can improve their sleep quality
D. differences between music with and without lyrics
八、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Phobia
It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. ____90____ It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety).
____91____ It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further.
It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. ____92____
Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. ____93____Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way.
Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. ____94____ As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.
A. Friends can overcome their fears.
B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme.
C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.
D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.
E. It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.
F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.
G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.
九、阅读表达：本大题共4小题，共15分。
阅读下面文章，回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode (默认模式). “When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his?
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
95. What did Jane Booth do when she realized her mother’s frequent complaints were harming their relationship?
96. Find one example of the misbeliefs about complaining in Paragraph 2.
97. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
98. Suppose one of your friends complains about almost everything in life. What will you do to help him?
参考答案
第Ⅰ卷
一、语法填空：有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。本大题共15小题，共15分。
【答案】1. left
2. what 3. that##which
4. built 5. to set
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆他的科学启蒙老师Mr. Jenkins 以及有趣的实验操作。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：我离开学校后就没见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。分析句子可知，空处为从句的谓语，根据语境和since 后接时间状语从句，可知时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。
【2题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道氢是什么，我也不想知道!分析句子结合抽象名词idea可知，此处包含一个同位语从句，且从句缺少表语，根据句意可知，应用what引导该从句，作从句的表语，故填what。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释看起来困难的事情。分析句子可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为things，指事情，且从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which代替先行词，引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填that或which。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：有一天，他带我们出去，我们造了一个火箭!分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语，结合并列句的谓语took可知，时态为一般过去时，故填built。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴来点燃它。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词lit，set应用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to set。
【答案】6. recognized
7. which 8. retiring
9. returned
10. winning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是郎平及其伟大的贡献。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：郎平是中国最知名的运动员之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词athletes，recognize的形容词是recognized，意为“认可的”，故填recognized。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她已经当了35年的排球明星，为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献，这使她成为中国排球历史上最受欢迎的人物。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
8题详解】
考查动名词。句意：1986年退役后，她先后在美国和意大利担任排球教练，成绩斐然。After是介词，其后跟动名词retiring作宾语，故填retiring。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，在1995年，当女足国家队陷入困境时，她回到了国家队担任教练。由in 1995可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式returned，故填returned。
【10题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在她的领导下，这支球队重回巅峰，赢得了2015年世界杯。句中came是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，the team和win之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填winning。
【答案】11. keeping
12. being 13. that##which
14. where 15. who
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工厂化养殖的利弊。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：工厂化养殖包括将家畜饲养在建筑物内，以增加肉或蛋的产量。固定搭配involve doing sth. (涉及/包括做某事)，keep用动名词形式。故填keeping。
【12题详解】
考查动名词。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到70亿的世界人口提供了更多的粮食。介词from后用动名词形式作宾语，be用动名词形式。故填being。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到70亿的世界人口提供了更多的粮食。此处是定语从句，先行词是a world population，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：另一方面，工厂化养殖的反对者说，工厂化养殖对动物很残忍，因为许多农场动物被关在狭小的空间里，几乎无法移动。此处是定语从句，先行词是small spaces，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。此处是定语从句，先行词是People，指人，在从句中作主语，通常只用关系代词who。故填who。
二、单词拼写：根据首字母提示拼写单词。本大题共20小题，共20分。
【答案】16. statue
17. agriculture
18. pyramid
19. destroy
20. costume
21. camera 22. invention
23. exploration
24. temperature
25. represent
【解析】
【16题详解】
根据首字母s和名词词性，“雕像”的英文翻译为statue，故答案为statue。
【17题详解】
根据首字母a和名词词性，“农业”的英文翻译为agriculture，故答案为agriculture。
【18题详解】
根据首字母p和名词词性，“金字塔”的英文翻译为pyramid，故答案为pyramid。
【19题详解】
根据首字母d和动词词性，“破坏”的英文翻译为destroy，故答案为destroy。
【20题详解】
根据首字母c和名词词性，“服装”的英文翻译为costume，故答案为costume。
【21题详解】
根据首字母c和名词词性，“相机”的英文翻译为camera，故答案为camera。
【22题详解】
根据首字母i和名词词性，“发明”的英文翻译为invention，故答案为invention。
【23题详解】
根据首字母e和名词词性，“探索”的英文翻译为exploration，故答案为exploration。
【24题详解】
根据首字母t和名词词性，“温度”的英文翻译为temperature，故答案为temperature。
【25题详解】
根据首字母r和动词词性，“代表”的英文翻译represent，为故答案为represent。
【答案】26. frustrating
27. disaster
28. effortlessly
29. climate
30. strength
31. acquire
32. knowledge
33. analysis
34. civilisation/civilization
35. invitation
【解析】
【26题详解】
中文：令人沮丧的，形容词，英文为：frustrating，故填frustrating。
【27题详解】
中文：灾难，名词，英文为：disaster，故填disaster。
【28题详解】
中文：毫不费力地，副词，英文为：effortlessly，故填effortlessly。
【29题详解】
中文：气候，名词，英文为：climate，故填climate。
【30题详解】
中文：力量，优点，名词，英文为：strength，故填strength。
【31题详解】
中文：获得，得到，动词，英文为：acquire，故填acquire。
【32题详解】
中文：知识，了解，名词，英文为：knowledge，故填knowledge。
【33题详解】
中文：分析，名词，英文为：analysis，故填analysis。
【34题详解】
中文：文明，名词，英文为：civilisation/civilization，故填civilisation/civilization。
【35题详解】
中文：邀请，名词，英文为：invitation，故填invitation。
三、中译英：请根据中文提示默写短语。本大题共10小题，共10分。
【答案】36. make a breakthrough
37. marvel at
38. take advantage of
39. bear an amazing resemblance to sb.
40. protect ... from...
41. complete a mission
42. contrary to...
43. take shortcuts
44. set a deadline
45. urge sb. to do sth.
【解析】
【36题详解】
取得突破，“取得”make，“突破”a breakthrough ，故答案填make a breakthrough 。
【37题详解】
对……大为赞叹 ，英文表达为marvel at，故答案填marvel at。
【38题详解】
利用，英文表达为take advantage of，故答案填take advantage of。
【39题详解】
跟某人有惊人的相似性 ，“跟某人有相似性”bear a resemblance to sb，“惊人的”amazing，用作resemblance的定语，amazing为元音音素开头，冠词用an，故答案填bear an amazing resemblance to sb.。
【40题详解】
保护……免受……，英文表达为protect ... from...，故答案填protect ... from...。
【41题详解】
完成使命，“完成”complete，“使命”a mission，故答案填complete a mission。
【42题详解】
与……相反，英文表达为contrary to...，故答案填contrary to...。
【43题详解】
抄捷径，英文表达为take shortcuts，故答案填take shortcuts。
【44题详解】
设定截止时间，“设定”set，“截止时间“a deadline”，故答案填set a deadline 。
【45题详解】
敦促某人做某事，“敦促”urge，urge sb. to do sth.为“敦促某人做某事”的英文表达，故答案填urge sb. to do sth.
第Ⅱ卷
四、听力理解。本大题共15小题，共15分。
五、选词填空。本大题共13小题，共13分。
46【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上所有的座位都坐满了，所以我们不得不站着。A. dominated支配；B. occupied占用(空间、面积、时间等)；C. retained保持；D. ignored忽视。公共汽车上的人要站着，说明所有的座位都被占用了。故选B项。
47. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：数千名士兵正在为灾民分发食物和毯子。A. diagnose诊断； B.distribute分发； C.dismiss解散； D.transform转换。根据句意“给灾民食物和毯子”可知，士兵们在“分发”这些东西，故选B。
48.【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据这项研究，同龄人的存在激活了青少年大脑中的奖励路线，而成年人则没有。A. applied应用，申请； B. approved赞成，批准； C. adopted收养，采用； D. activated 激活。根据句意和宾语“奖励路线”可知，此处应用动词“激活”，故选D。
49. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：威廉王子说，非洲的人口正在破坏非洲大陆的野生动物，这引发了全世界的批评。A. invited邀请；引起，招致；B. interpreted理解、解释；C. invented发明；D. invested投资。which引导的非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Prince William said Africa’s population is destroying the continent’s wildlife；结合句意，可知非洲的人口正在破坏非洲大陆的野生动物，引发了全世界的批评。故选A。
50. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克在网上有很多朋友，但他仍然感到孤独，被别人孤立。A.deadly致命的；B.isolated隔绝的、分离的；C.dissatisfied不满意的；D.positive积极的。根据空前“ feels lonely”可知，他有一种被人孤立的感觉，故选B。
51. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了避免负面的同龄人压力，在你屈服之前，要建立自信并考虑后果。A. contribute to促进，捐献； B. lead to导致； C. yield to屈服，让步； D. aim to 以……为目标，计划。根据目的状语“为了避免负面的同龄人压力”可知，此处表达的是在“屈服”之前要建立自信并考虑后果，其他选项不符合句意，应排除，故选C。
52. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们采取措施，停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗； B. enriching丰富； C. conserving保存； D. supplying提供。根据句意可知，应是停止“消耗”自然资源，故选A。
53. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师必须建立学生在学校要遵守的规章制度。 A. establish 建立；B. explore探索； C. seal 密封； D. revive 复苏。根据句意和宾语“规章制度”可知，此处动词应用“建立”，故选A。
54. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该医院购买了一些新设施，以优化癌症患者的治疗。A. decrease减少；B. optimize优化；C. mimic模仿；D. chase追逐。由常识可知，购买新设备是为了优化患者的治疗。故选B项。
55. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：西蒙尼·比尔斯因为受伤不得不退出比赛。A. delay耽搁；B. charge收费；C. withdraw退出；D. defend防御。由because of the injury可知，因伤而退出比赛。故选C项。
56. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention习俗；C. stereotypes刻板印象；D. substances物质。由what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。
57. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他把他的成功归功于父母，因为没有他们的牺牲和监督，他不可能取得任何成就。A. named ... after以……命名； B.wiped ... out消灭，抹去； C. introduced ... to把……介绍给……； D. owed ... to把……归功于……。根据because后原因状语从句句意可知，他“把成功归功于”他父母，故选D。
58. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个苛刻的老师是非常严格的，会直接指出你的错误，让你清楚地知道如何提高自己。 A. reserved内敛的； B. vulnerable脆弱的； C. esteemed受人尊敬的； D. demanding苛刻的。根据句意中“非常严格的”可知，此处表达的是“苛刻的”老师，故选D。
六、完形填空。本大题共20小题，共20分。
【答案】59. C 60. B 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. B 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. A 77. B 78. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. drove开车；B. hiked徒步旅行；C. met遇见、集合；D. united团结。由上文的we all went to the market right in the middle of the town可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. landed着陆；B. left离开；C. settled定居；D. slept睡觉。由上文的Near the end可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选B项。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. responded回答；B. recognized认出；C. realised意识到；D. recalled回忆。由下文的nowhere could he find his backpack和下文到处找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选C项。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. contained包含；B. combined结合；C. comprised包括；D. covered覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，强调“由许多部分构成一个整体”。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用contain。故选A项。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A. preparation准备；B. checkup检查；C. revision修订；D. search搜寻。由下文的we determined that he must have left it at the fountain可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选D项。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A. wasted浪费；B. lost丢失；C. sough作沙沙声；D. deserted抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞德不需要人来监督管理自己的东西，是因为庞德从未丢失过任何东西，他们相信庞德，才不监督管理庞德的东西，前后句是因果关系。故选B项。
【65题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们就想当然地认为他不需要人来监督管理他的东西。A. emotion情绪；B. time时间；C. money金钱；D. stuff东西。由上文语境可知，庞德从未丢失过任何东西，作者他们相信庞德，所以他们才不监督管理庞德的东西。故选D项。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼泪说，他们不再做那种手表了。A. tears眼泪；B. fists拳头；C. reliefs放松；D. outbreaks暴发。由上文的He was upset和下文的they don't make that kind of watch anymore可知，庞德很难过，因为这种手表不再生产，他难过的流眼泪了。故选A项。
【67题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很伤心。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. curious好奇的；C. sad悲伤的；D. eager渴望的。由上文语境可知，庞德难过的流眼泪了，作为父母的作者，肯定也感到伤心。故选C项。
【68题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. promised承诺；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. taught教。由下文的we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been____11__可知，作者承诺了庞德他们会尽力寻找背包，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察。故选A项。
【69题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. worn out磨损；B. caught up赶上；C. put away收起；D. turned in上交。由上文的but we would also find the police可知，作者找警察是想问有没有人把背包上交到警察局。故选D项。
【70题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. hiding躲藏；B. sitting被放在；C. swinging摇摆；D. flowing流动。由下文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，黑色的东西在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，此处指一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿。故选B项。
【71题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. assess评价；B. declare宣布；C. tell分辨；D. predict预料。由上文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，被放在喷泉那儿的黑色的东西就在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，作者无法分辨黑色的东西是不是女人的。故选C项。
【72题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要太激动，因为可能不是你的背包。A. excited兴奋的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. relaxed放松的；D. amused好笑的。由上文的"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted可知，庞德看到一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿，大叫起来，说明他很兴奋。故选A项。
【73题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离开喷泉已经有五六个小时了，背包还在那儿。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. almost几乎；D. still仍然、还。由下文的when we reached it and it was his可知，作者他们找到了背包，说明五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿。故选D项。
【74题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有身份证，看上去好像有人看过，然后把它放在所有人都能看到的地方。A. take拿；B. see看；C. touch摸；D. protect保护。由上文的There was no ID in it和then set it right out可知，包里没有身份证，有人把身份证放在外面，是为了让人看到，辨认身份。故选B项。
【75题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的哭了，当我们到达它那里，黑色的东西是他的！A. panicked恐慌；B. exploded爆炸；C. collapsed坍塌；D. cried哭。由上文语境可知，作者从未相信人性信仰的伟大，发现五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者感动得哭了。故选D项。
【76题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦里，我从来没有想到现在会发生这种事。A. dreams梦想；B. claims声明；C. efforts努力；D. passions热情。由上文语境和下文的I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays可知，五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者做梦都未想到这种事会发生。故选A项。
【77题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. mode模式；B. lesson教训；C. option选择；D. plot情节。由下文语境可知，让孩子失去重要的东西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它，这可以给孩子一个教训（让孩子珍视自己拥有的东西）。故选B项。
【78题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. range范围；B. pressure压力；C. weight重量；D. harvest收获。由上文语境可知，庞德丢失背包后，难过得哭了，说明这种失去的“重量”让他无法承受，所以他伤心。故选C项。
七、阅读理解。本大题共11小题，共22分。
【答案】79. B 80. A 81. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是写给大猩猩的一封信，信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类应该采取的保护措施，以保护大猩猩的生存环境。
【79题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.和第二段中When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.第三段中I think that you are really worth saving.等信息可判断，收信人Koko可能是一只大猩猩，故选B。
【80题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中all of the cruel things done to gorillas...the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知，本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇，故选A。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.可知，作者建议制定关于杀害大猩猩凶手的法律，他们应该为自己所做的事负法律责任。故选B。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题2根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇。
【答案】82. B 83. A 84. A 85. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员安排的失误，导致只剩一名员工招待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。
【82题详解】
推理判断题。由第十段“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工计划离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有及时出现。这就剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。”由此判断出，因为换班人员的安排出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。
【83题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【84题详解】
推理判断题。由第十二段“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感激，”华纳说。“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感激他们把我们的员工当成家人。”由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此互相帮忙。故选A项。
【85题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人振奋的一幕。最后一段“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是伟大！由此判断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。故选B项。
【点睛】细节理解题顾名思义要抓住细节，将原文的细节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【答案】86. D 87. A 88. D 89. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，睡前音乐更容易干扰睡眠，而器乐甚至比带歌词的音乐更糟糕。文章主要介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究发现睡前听器乐会导致更多与睡眠相关的耳虫，睡眠质量也会下降。
【86题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. (在第一项研究中，199名居住在美国的在线参与者报告了他们的睡眠质量、听音乐的频率和时间，以及他们对这如何影响睡眠的看法)”，第三段中“After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p.m., participants went to a quid bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. (在晚上8:45到达睡眠实验室后，参与者们去了一间睡房，在那里他们完成了问卷调查，包括压力、睡眠质量和白天嗜睡的测量)”和第四段中“Participants reported decreases in stress mid nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure.(参与者报告说，在听了这两首歌后，压力和紧张感都有所减轻，放松程度也有所增加，血压也有所下降)”可知，这两项研究的参与者的报告内容，体现了睡前听音乐在生活中的反馈。故选D。
【87题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes. (然而，四分之一的受试者从睡眠中醒来时有耳虫，多导睡眠图数据显示，这些歌曲的乐器版本更有可能induce这些觉醒以及其他睡眠中断，如从深度睡眠转向浅睡眠。总之，研究小组写道，这些发现代表了“睡前器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量的因果证据。”)”可知，器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量，说明歌曲的乐器版本更有可能导致睡眠问题，画线词意思是“导致”。A. Lead to.导致；B. Impact on.影响；C. Break in.打断；D. Focus on.集中于。故选A。
【88题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes. (总之，研究小组写道，这些发现代表了“睡前器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量的因果证据。”)”和最后一段中“Why instrumental-only songs should have a lugger impact than music with lyrics isn't clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant's brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. (为什么只用乐器演奏的歌曲比有歌词的音乐更有影响力，这一点还不清楚。研究中使用的三首歌之所以被选中，是因为它们很可能是人们熟悉的。听没有歌词的歌曲可能会促使参与者的大脑尝试添加歌词，这可能会让“耳虫”更有可能出现)”可推知，歌曲的乐器版本更有可能导致睡眠问题，熟悉的和不熟悉的器乐都可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。
【89题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics. (你会在睡前听轻音乐来帮助自己放松下来吗？然而，根据贝勒大学Michael K. Scullin和他的同事们的一项新研究，这种做法可能会适得其反。 这项发表在《心理医学》上的研究发现，睡前音乐更容易干扰睡眠，而器乐甚至比带歌词的音乐更糟糕)”结合文章主要介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究发现睡前听器乐会导致更多与睡眠相关的耳虫，睡眠质量也会下降。可知，这篇文章主要是关于睡前音乐可能的负面影响。故选B。
八、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】90. B 91. D 92. E 93. G 94. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几点关于如何处理社交恐惧的建议。
【90题详解】
根据空后的“It’s probably more than shyness.(这可能不仅仅是因为害羞。)”可知，它可能不仅仅是害羞，此处是说焦虑对有些人有很不好的影响，故B项“但是对某些人来说，焦虑可能是极端的”符合语境。故选B。
【91题详解】
根据空后的“It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party.(它阻止他们在午餐时间与朋友聊天，参加课外俱乐部，或参加聚会。)”可知，它阻止他们在午餐时间和朋友聊天、参加课外俱乐部或聚会，此处应该提到一种社交障碍，D项“社交恐惧症让人对错过的机会感到孤独或失望”符合语境。故选D。
【92题详解】
根据空前的“Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears.(对付社交恐惧症需要愿意、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧。)”可知，处理社交恐惧需要有意志力、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧，此处承接上文，E项“当感到害羞时，也要采取行动往前走而不是后退”符合语境。故选E。
【93题详解】
根据上文“Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them.(治疗师可以帮助人们制定一个面对社交恐惧的计划，并建立克服它的技能和信心。家人和朋友对他们来说尤为重要。)”提到了治疗师、家人和朋友能够帮助你处理社交恐惧，此处承接上文，说的是这些人对你的帮助，故G项“这些关键人物的支持帮助他们鼓起勇气尝试新事物”符合语境。故选G。
【94题详解】
根据空前的“Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable.(渐渐地，一个决定处理极度害羞的人可以学会更舒适。)”可知，一个决定克服嫉妒害羞的人会变得更自在，此处是说小进步的意义，F项“每向前迈出一小步有助于建立足够的信心迈出下一小步”符合语境。故选F。
九、阅读表达：本大题共4小题，共15分。
【答案】95. She spoke up about the problem.
96. Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate./Complaining always has a negative impact.
97. Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, Dian Killian points out/holds that people complain frequently to ask for attention from others.
98. Firstly, I speak out the problem, telling him his complaining is ruining our quality of our time together. Secondly, I’ll try to shift our conversation to what interests him. Above all, due to his desire for attention from others, with him I’ll try not to ignore him.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正人们对抱怨的误解，抱怨有好处，介绍了让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
【95题详解】
考查细节理解。由第一段中的“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. (事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了她们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于开口了，并帮助她的母亲意识到她经常抱怨)”可知，简·布斯把（妈妈频繁抱怨的）问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨。故答案为：She spoke up about the problem.
【96题详解】
考查推理判断。由第二段中的“To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. (为了提高效率，首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上，即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响)”可知，关于抱怨的误解是认为，那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的，或抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为：Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate./Complaining always has a negative impact.
【97题详解】
考查细节理解。由第三段中的““When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”(生活教练Dian Killian说：“当我们需要被倾听时，我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注，所以他们从不满足于任何解决他们强调的问题的建议，解决问题不是他们的目标。”)”可知，经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式，经常抱怨的人的目的不是要解决问题，“to seek suggestions for their problems (寻求他们问题的建议)”是错误的。故答案为：Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, Dian Killian points out/holds that people complain frequently to ask for attention from others.
【98题详解】
考查开放答题。由第一段中的“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up (事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了她们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于开口了)”，第三段中的“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention (经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注)”和第五段中的“Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them. (如果你把谈话转向他们感兴趣的方向，一些抱怨者会改变话题)”可知，首先，我会把问题说出来，告诉他他的抱怨破坏了我们在一起的时间质量；第二，我会尽量把我们的谈话转移到他感兴趣的地方；最重要的是，由于他渴望得到他人的关注，我会尽量不忽视他。故答案为：Firstly, I speak out the problem, telling him his complaining is ruining our quality of our time together. Secondly, I’ll try to shift our conversation to what interests him. Above all, due to his desire for attention from others, with him I’ll try not to ignore him.
2022北京北师大附中高二（上）期末
英 语
本试卷有八道大题，考试时长100分钟，满分140分。
第Ⅰ卷
一、语法填空：有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。本大题共15小题，共15分。
A
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins since I ___1___ (leave) school, but I often think about him. Before he taught me, science had been a subject full of strange words to me. I had no idea ___2___hydrogen (氢) was, and I didn’t really want to know, either! I found it all so boring and difficult. But Mr. Jenkins made everything interesting. He used to explain things ___3___ seemed difficult with lots of practical examples and in simple language. One day, he took us outside and we ___4___ (build) a rocket! I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match ___5___ (set) it off. It was great fun.
B
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
Lang Ping is one of China’s most ___6___ (recognize) athletes. She has been a volleyball star for more than 35 years and has contributed greatly to the sport, ___7___ has made her the most popular figure in China’s volleyball history. After ___8___ (retire) as an athlete in 1986, she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the U.S. and Italy. However, in 1995 she ___9___(return) to become the coach of the women’s national team when the team was struggling. Under her leadership, the team came back to the top, ____10____ (win) the 2015 World Cup.
C
有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。
Factory farming involves ____11____ (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from ____12____(be) a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population ____13____ has already reached 7 billion. On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals, since many farm animals are kept in small spaces ____14____ they can hardly move. People ____15____ fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
二、单词拼写：根据首字母提示拼写单词。本大题共20小题，共20分。
汉译英
16. 雕像 n. s__________
17. 农业 n. a__________
18. 金字塔 n. p__________
19. 破坏 v. d__________
20. 服装 n. c__________
21. 相机 n. c__________
22. 发明 n. i__________
23. 探索 n. e__________
24. 温度 n. t__________
25. 代表 v. r__________
汉译英
26. 令人沮丧的 adj. f__________
27. 灾难 n. d__________
28. 毫不费力地 adv. e__________
29. 气候 n. c__________
30. 力量，优点 n. s__________
31. 获得，得到 v. a__________
32. 知识，了解 n. k__________
33. 分析 n. a__________
34. 文明 n. c__________
35. 邀请 n. i__________
三、中译英：请根据中文提示默写短语。本大题共10小题，共10分。
汉译英
36. 取得突破 ________
37. 对……大为赞叹 ________
38. 利用 ________
39. 跟某人有惊人的相似性 ________
40. 保护……免受…… ________
41. 完成使命 ________
42. 与……相反 ________
43. 抄捷径 ________
44. 设定截止时间 ________
45. 敦促某人做某事 ________
第Ⅱ卷
四、听力理解。本大题共15小题，共15分。
第一节：对话。
1. How does the man feel about his playing at the concert?
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Excited.
2. What do we know about the man’s pets?
A. They get along well.
B. They came on the same day.
C. They are in separate rooms.
3. Where does this dialogue probably take place?
A. In the office. B. At the hotel. C. At the hospital.
4. When is Tina going to arrive?
A. At 7:30 am. B. At 8:30 am. C. At 7:30 pm.
5. Why does the woman need the cell phone?
A. To take pictures. B. To call her friends. C. To share phone numbers
第二节：对话或独白。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why does the man ask the woman questions about smoking?
A. He wants to stop smoking.
B. He doesn’t like smoking.
C. He is doing some research.
7. What do we know about the woman’s husband?
A. He smokes a lot at home.
B. He is trying to stop smoking.
C. He has an illness from smoking.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why did the man get the ticket?
A. He ran into a passing car.
B. He went through the red light.
C. He stopped on the double yellow line.
9. What will the man have to do in the end?
A. Pay the fine. B. Go to the hospital. C. Repair the car.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. The bad weather. B. The weekend plan. C. The classic movie.
11. What does the woman like about the classics?
A. They make people think.
B. They are funny and interesting.
C. They are old but express new ideas.
12. What did the two speakers decide to do at last?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Go out for a walk. C. Go to the outdoor movie.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. What is the speaker?
A. A travel agent. B. A job adviser. C. A business traveler.
14. How much does the trip to Hawaii cost at least?
A. 199 pounds. B. 372 pounds. C. 400 pounds.
15. Which is the place suggested by the speaker in the package holiday?
A. Florida. B. Scotland. C. Wales.
五、选词填空。本大题共13小题，共13分。
46. All the seats on the bus had been ________ so we had to stand.
A. dominated B. occupied C. retained D. ignored
47. Thousands of soldiers are working to ________ food and blankets to the victims.
A. diagnose B. distribute C. dismiss D. transform
48. According to the study, the presence of peers ________ the reward circuitry(线路) in the brain of adolescents that it didn’t do in the case of adults.
A. applied B. approved C. adopted D. activated
49. Prince William said Africa’s population is destroying the continent’s wildlife, which ________ criticism across the globe.
A. invited B. interpreted C. invented D. invested
50. Mark has many friends online, but he still feels lonely and ________ from others.
A. deadly B. isolated C. dissatisfied D. positive
51. To avoid negative peer pressure, build up confidence in yourself and think about the consequence before you ________ it.
A. contribute to B. lead to C. yield to D. aim to
52. Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A. depleting B. enriching C. conserving D. supplying
53. Teachers must ________ rules for the students to follow while they are at school.
A. establish B. explore C. seal D. revive
54. The hospital has purchased some new facilities to ________ the treatment for cancer patients.
A. decrease B. optimize C. mimic D. chase
55. Simone Biles had to ________ from the competition because of the injury.
A. delay B. charge C. withdraw D. defend
56. The media are filled with ________ about what roles women should play in society.
A. crisis B. convention C. stereotypes D. substances
57. He ________ his success ________ his parents because without their sacrifice and supervision, he couldn’t have achieved anything.
A. named ... after B. wiped ... out C. introduced ... to D. owed ... to
58. A ________ teacher is very strict and will point out your mistakes directly so that you know clearly how to improve yourself.
A. reserved B. vulnerable C. esteemed D. demanding
六、完形填空。本大题共20小题，共20分。
My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all____59____at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we____60____. This is one of the busiest walking streets.
After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder____61____that nowhere could he find his backpack, which____62____his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough____63____we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
Ponder has never____64____anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision（指导）for managing his____65____.
He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive____66____, "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very____67____.
Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I_____68_____him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_____69_____.
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black_____70_____there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not_____71_____what it was or if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too_____72_____because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was_____73_____there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_____74_____it.
I literally_____75_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle（奇迹）". In my wildest_____76_____, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____77_____for a child in losing something important…to lose it and feel the full_____78_____of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.
59. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united
60. A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept
61. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled
62. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered
63. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search
64. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted
65. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff
66. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks
67. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager
68. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught
69. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in
70. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing
71. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict
72. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused
73. A. already B. even C. almost D. still
74. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect
75. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried
76. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions
77. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot
78. A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest
七、阅读理解。本大题共11小题，共22分。
A
Dear Koko,
I’ve learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. I’ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.
It’s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas(大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They don’t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.
Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and I’ve learned so many things. For example, I’ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.
We’ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.
I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you’ve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?
Mike
79. According to the passage, Koko is probably ________.
A. a killer of gorillas B. a member of the gorilla family
C. an expert on gorillas D. a governor in charge of gorillas
80. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?
A. The problems gorillas face at present.
B. The danger gorillas cause for humans.
C. The unique characteristic gorillas have.
D. The natural environment gorillas live in.
81. The author suggests that ________.
A. gorillas should be protected in nature reserves
B. killers for gorillas should be legally responsible
C. organizations should be set up to protect gorillas
D. people should make donations to gorilla protection
B
A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
82. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.
A. his associates asked for a leave B. there was a scheduling mistake
C. few customers needed to be served D. the restaurant was scheduled to close
83. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.
A. washing dishes B. taking photos
C. taking orders D. cooking food
84. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?
A. They shared the same community spirit. B. They were family members of Ben.
C. They wanted to serve themselves. D. They were too hungry to wait.
85. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?
A. Lucky and excited. B. Moved and inspired.
C. Relieved and hopeful. D. Content and unbelievable.
C
Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that music improves sleep, or at least not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent “earworms” — having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and these people were six times as likely to report poor sleep quality. The team's analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p.m., participants went to a quid bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reported on how relaxed, nervous, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p.m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randomized to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress mid nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So—as earlier studies have also suggested—quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the lime. However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a lugger impact than music with lyrics isn't clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant's brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.
86. According to the passage, the participants in both studies ______.
A. listened to light music B. felt their sleeping problems resolved
C. had their sleeping quality monitored D. provided feedback of their life
87. What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Lead to. B. Impact on. C. Break in. D. Focus on.
88. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B. Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C. Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D. Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.
89. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B. the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C. how people can improve their sleep quality
D. differences between music with and without lyrics
八、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Phobia
It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. ____90____ It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety).
____91____ It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further.
It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. ____92____
Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. ____93____Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way.
Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. ____94____ As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.
A. Friends can overcome their fears.
B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme.
C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.
D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.
E. It also takes a commitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.
F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.
G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.
九、阅读表达：本大题共4小题，共15分。
阅读下面文章，回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For years, Jane Booth’s mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It turned out that Jane’s intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped their relationship.
You may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don’t know well.
The problems start when complaining becomes the default mode (默认模式). “When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”
So, how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his?
Change the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them.
Summarize the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you demonstrate that you’re listening.
Challenge the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest problem, ask nicely what he’s done to improve it.
Be honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the conversation short—especially if it’s someone who’s complained to you many times before.
When someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it’s important to talk about the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember: Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
95. What did Jane Booth do when she realized her mother’s frequent complaints were harming their relationship?
96. Find one example of the misbeliefs about complaining in Paragraph 2.
97. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
98. Suppose one of your friends complains about almost everything in life. What will you do to help him?
参考答案
第Ⅰ卷
一、语法填空：有提示词的空用所给词的正确形式填空，没有提示词的空填写连词。本大题共15小题，共15分。
【答案】1. left
2. what 3. that##which
4. built 5. to set
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆他的科学启蒙老师Mr. Jenkins 以及有趣的实验操作。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：我离开学校后就没见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。分析句子可知，空处为从句的谓语，根据语境和since 后接时间状语从句，可知时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。
【2题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道氢是什么，我也不想知道!分析句子结合抽象名词idea可知，此处包含一个同位语从句，且从句缺少表语，根据句意可知，应用what引导该从句，作从句的表语，故填what。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他常常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释看起来困难的事情。分析句子可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为things，指事情，且从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which代替先行词，引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填that或which。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：有一天，他带我们出去，我们造了一个火箭!分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语，结合并列句的谓语took可知，时态为一般过去时，故填built。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴来点燃它。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词lit，set应用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to set。
【答案】6. recognized
7. which 8. retiring
9. returned
10. winning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是郎平及其伟大的贡献。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：郎平是中国最知名的运动员之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词athletes，recognize的形容词是recognized，意为“认可的”，故填recognized。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她已经当了35年的排球明星，为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献，这使她成为中国排球历史上最受欢迎的人物。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
8题详解】
考查动名词。句意：1986年退役后，她先后在美国和意大利担任排球教练，成绩斐然。After是介词，其后跟动名词retiring作宾语，故填retiring。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，在1995年，当女足国家队陷入困境时，她回到了国家队担任教练。由in 1995可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式returned，故填returned。
【10题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在她的领导下，这支球队重回巅峰，赢得了2015年世界杯。句中came是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，the team和win之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填winning。
【答案】11. keeping
12. being 13. that##which
14. where 15. who
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工厂化养殖的利弊。
【11题详解】
考查动名词。句意：工厂化养殖包括将家畜饲养在建筑物内，以增加肉或蛋的产量。固定搭配involve doing sth. (涉及/包括做某事)，keep用动名词形式。故填keeping。
【12题详解】
考查动名词。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到70亿的世界人口提供了更多的粮食。介词from后用动名词形式作宾语，be用动名词形式。故填being。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：工厂化农业的主要论点是，除了比传统或有机农业便宜得多之外，它还为已经达到70亿的世界人口提供了更多的粮食。此处是定语从句，先行词是a world population，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：另一方面，工厂化养殖的反对者说，工厂化养殖对动物很残忍，因为许多农场动物被关在狭小的空间里，几乎无法移动。此处是定语从句，先行词是small spaces，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。此处是定语从句，先行词是People，指人，在从句中作主语，通常只用关系代词who。故填who。
二、单词拼写：根据首字母提示拼写单词。本大题共20小题，共20分。
【答案】16. statue
17. agriculture
18. pyramid
19. destroy
20. costume
21. camera 22. invention
23. exploration
24. temperature
25. represent
【解析】
【16题详解】
根据首字母s和名词词性，“雕像”的英文翻译为statue，故答案为statue。
【17题详解】
根据首字母a和名词词性，“农业”的英文翻译为agriculture，故答案为agriculture。
【18题详解】
根据首字母p和名词词性，“金字塔”的英文翻译为pyramid，故答案为pyramid。
【19题详解】
根据首字母d和动词词性，“破坏”的英文翻译为destroy，故答案为destroy。
【20题详解】
根据首字母c和名词词性，“服装”的英文翻译为costume，故答案为costume。
【21题详解】
根据首字母c和名词词性，“相机”的英文翻译为camera，故答案为camera。
【22题详解】
根据首字母i和名词词性，“发明”的英文翻译为invention，故答案为invention。
【23题详解】
根据首字母e和名词词性，“探索”的英文翻译为exploration，故答案为exploration。
【24题详解】
根据首字母t和名词词性，“温度”的英文翻译为temperature，故答案为temperature。
【25题详解】
根据首字母r和动词词性，“代表”的英文翻译represent，为故答案为represent。
【答案】26. frustrating
27. disaster
28. effortlessly
29. climate
30. strength
31. acquire
32. knowledge
33. analysis
34. civilisation/civilization
35. invitation
【解析】
【26题详解】
中文：令人沮丧的，形容词，英文为：frustrating，故填frustrating。
【27题详解】
中文：灾难，名词，英文为：disaster，故填disaster。
【28题详解】
中文：毫不费力地，副词，英文为：effortlessly，故填effortlessly。
【29题详解】
中文：气候，名词，英文为：climate，故填climate。
【30题详解】
中文：力量，优点，名词，英文为：strength，故填strength。
【31题详解】
中文：获得，得到，动词，英文为：acquire，故填acquire。
【32题详解】
中文：知识，了解，名词，英文为：knowledge，故填knowledge。
【33题详解】
中文：分析，名词，英文为：analysis，故填analysis。
【34题详解】
中文：文明，名词，英文为：civilisation/civilization，故填civilisation/civilization。
【35题详解】
中文：邀请，名词，英文为：invitation，故填invitation。
三、中译英：请根据中文提示默写短语。本大题共10小题，共10分。
【答案】36. make a breakthrough
37. marvel at
38. take advantage of
39. bear an amazing resemblance to sb.
40. protect ... from...
41. complete a mission
42. contrary to...
43. take shortcuts
44. set a deadline
45. urge sb. to do sth.
【解析】
【36题详解】
取得突破，“取得”make，“突破”a breakthrough ，故答案填make a breakthrough 。
【37题详解】
对……大为赞叹 ，英文表达为marvel at，故答案填marvel at。
【38题详解】
利用，英文表达为take advantage of，故答案填take advantage of。
【39题详解】
跟某人有惊人的相似性 ，“跟某人有相似性”bear a resemblance to sb，“惊人的”amazing，用作resemblance的定语，amazing为元音音素开头，冠词用an，故答案填bear an amazing resemblance to sb.。
【40题详解】
保护……免受……，英文表达为protect ... from...，故答案填protect ... from...。
【41题详解】
完成使命，“完成”complete，“使命”a mission，故答案填complete a mission。
【42题详解】
与……相反，英文表达为contrary to...，故答案填contrary to...。
【43题详解】
抄捷径，英文表达为take shortcuts，故答案填take shortcuts。
【44题详解】
设定截止时间，“设定”set，“截止时间“a deadline”，故答案填set a deadline 。
【45题详解】
敦促某人做某事，“敦促”urge，urge sb. to do sth.为“敦促某人做某事”的英文表达，故答案填urge sb. to do sth.
第Ⅱ卷
四、听力理解。本大题共15小题，共15分。
五、选词填空。本大题共13小题，共13分。
46【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上所有的座位都坐满了，所以我们不得不站着。A. dominated支配；B. occupied占用(空间、面积、时间等)；C. retained保持；D. ignored忽视。公共汽车上的人要站着，说明所有的座位都被占用了。故选B项。
47. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：数千名士兵正在为灾民分发食物和毯子。A. diagnose诊断； B.distribute分发； C.dismiss解散； D.transform转换。根据句意“给灾民食物和毯子”可知，士兵们在“分发”这些东西，故选B。
48.【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据这项研究，同龄人的存在激活了青少年大脑中的奖励路线，而成年人则没有。A. applied应用，申请； B. approved赞成，批准； C. adopted收养，采用； D. activated 激活。根据句意和宾语“奖励路线”可知，此处应用动词“激活”，故选D。
49. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：威廉王子说，非洲的人口正在破坏非洲大陆的野生动物，这引发了全世界的批评。A. invited邀请；引起，招致；B. interpreted理解、解释；C. invented发明；D. invested投资。which引导的非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Prince William said Africa’s population is destroying the continent’s wildlife；结合句意，可知非洲的人口正在破坏非洲大陆的野生动物，引发了全世界的批评。故选A。
50. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克在网上有很多朋友，但他仍然感到孤独，被别人孤立。A.deadly致命的；B.isolated隔绝的、分离的；C.dissatisfied不满意的；D.positive积极的。根据空前“ feels lonely”可知，他有一种被人孤立的感觉，故选B。
51. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了避免负面的同龄人压力，在你屈服之前，要建立自信并考虑后果。A. contribute to促进，捐献； B. lead to导致； C. yield to屈服，让步； D. aim to 以……为目标，计划。根据目的状语“为了避免负面的同龄人压力”可知，此处表达的是在“屈服”之前要建立自信并考虑后果，其他选项不符合句意，应排除，故选C。
52. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们采取措施，停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗； B. enriching丰富； C. conserving保存； D. supplying提供。根据句意可知，应是停止“消耗”自然资源，故选A。
53. 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师必须建立学生在学校要遵守的规章制度。 A. establish 建立；B. explore探索； C. seal 密封； D. revive 复苏。根据句意和宾语“规章制度”可知，此处动词应用“建立”，故选A。
54. 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该医院购买了一些新设施，以优化癌症患者的治疗。A. decrease减少；B. optimize优化；C. mimic模仿；D. chase追逐。由常识可知，购买新设备是为了优化患者的治疗。故选B项。
55. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：西蒙尼·比尔斯因为受伤不得不退出比赛。A. delay耽搁；B. charge收费；C. withdraw退出；D. defend防御。由because of the injury可知，因伤而退出比赛。故选C项。
56. 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention习俗；C. stereotypes刻板印象；D. substances物质。由what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。
57. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他把他的成功归功于父母，因为没有他们的牺牲和监督，他不可能取得任何成就。A. named ... after以……命名； B.wiped ... out消灭，抹去； C. introduced ... to把……介绍给……； D. owed ... to把……归功于……。根据because后原因状语从句句意可知，他“把成功归功于”他父母，故选D。
58. 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个苛刻的老师是非常严格的，会直接指出你的错误，让你清楚地知道如何提高自己。 A. reserved内敛的； B. vulnerable脆弱的； C. esteemed受人尊敬的； D. demanding苛刻的。根据句意中“非常严格的”可知，此处表达的是“苛刻的”老师，故选D。
六、完形填空。本大题共20小题，共20分。
【答案】59. C 60. B 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. B 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. A 77. B 78. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. drove开车；B. hiked徒步旅行；C. met遇见、集合；D. united团结。由上文的we all went to the market right in the middle of the town可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市，集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水，直到我们离开。A. landed着陆；B. left离开；C. settled定居；D. slept睡觉。由上文的Near the end可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选B项。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. responded回答；B. recognized认出；C. realised意识到；D. recalled回忆。由下文的nowhere could he find his backpack和下文到处找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选C项。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. contained包含；B. combined结合；C. comprised包括；D. covered覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，强调“由许多部分构成一个整体”。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包，背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用contain。故选A项。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A. preparation准备；B. checkup检查；C. revision修订；D. search搜寻。由下文的we determined that he must have left it at the fountain可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选D项。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A. wasted浪费；B. lost丢失；C. sough作沙沙声；D. deserted抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞德不需要人来监督管理自己的东西，是因为庞德从未丢失过任何东西，他们相信庞德，才不监督管理庞德的东西，前后句是因果关系。故选B项。
【65题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们就想当然地认为他不需要人来监督管理他的东西。A. emotion情绪；B. time时间；C. money金钱；D. stuff东西。由上文语境可知，庞德从未丢失过任何东西，作者他们相信庞德，所以他们才不监督管理庞德的东西。故选D项。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但是爸爸，”他流眼泪说，他们不再做那种手表了。A. tears眼泪；B. fists拳头；C. reliefs放松；D. outbreaks暴发。由上文的He was upset和下文的they don't make that kind of watch anymore可知，庞德很难过，因为这种手表不再生产，他难过的流眼泪了。故选A项。
【67题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很伤心。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. curious好奇的；C. sad悲伤的；D. eager渴望的。由上文语境可知，庞德难过的流眼泪了，作为父母的作者，肯定也感到伤心。故选C项。
【68题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. promised承诺；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D. taught教。由下文的we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been____11__可知，作者承诺了庞德他们会尽力寻找背包，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察。故选A项。
【69题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们预订的晚餐就在桥对面的一家餐馆，所以我承诺他，我们回去吃晚饭时，不仅要搜查喷泉周围的区域，而且还要找到警察，问他们背包有没有上交。A. worn out磨损；B. caught up赶上；C. put away收起；D. turned in上交。由上文的but we would also find the police可知，作者找警察是想问有没有人把背包上交到警察局。故选D项。
【70题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. hiding躲藏；B. sitting被放在；C. swinging摇摆；D. flowing流动。由下文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，黑色的东西在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，此处指一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿。故选B项。
【71题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一个黑色的东西被放在那里，但它就在一个站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，所以我不知道那是什么东西，也不能分辨是不是她的。A. assess评价；B. declare宣布；C. tell分辨；D. predict预料。由上文的it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain可知，被放在喷泉那儿的黑色的东西就在站在喷泉旁边的女人旁边，作者无法分辨黑色的东西是不是女人的。故选C项。
【72题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要太激动，因为可能不是你的背包。A. excited兴奋的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. relaxed放松的；D. amused好笑的。由上文的"See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted可知，庞德看到一个黑色的东西被放在喷泉那儿，大叫起来，说明他很兴奋。故选A项。
【73题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们离开喷泉已经有五六个小时了，背包还在那儿。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. almost几乎；D. still仍然、还。由下文的when we reached it and it was his可知，作者他们找到了背包，说明五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿。故选D项。
【74题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有身份证，看上去好像有人看过，然后把它放在所有人都能看到的地方。A. take拿；B. see看；C. touch摸；D. protect保护。由上文的There was no ID in it和then set it right out可知，包里没有身份证，有人把身份证放在外面，是为了让人看到，辨认身份。故选B项。
【75题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的哭了，当我们到达它那里，黑色的东西是他的！A. panicked恐慌；B. exploded爆炸；C. collapsed坍塌；D. cried哭。由上文语境可知，作者从未相信人性信仰的伟大，发现五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者感动得哭了。故选D项。
【76题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦里，我从来没有想到现在会发生这种事。A. dreams梦想；B. claims声明；C. efforts努力；D. passions热情。由上文语境和下文的I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays可知，五六个小时过后，背包还在喷泉那儿，没人拿走，这简直是个奇迹，作者做梦都未想到这种事会发生。故选A项。
【77题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. mode模式；B. lesson教训；C. option选择；D. plot情节。由下文语境可知，让孩子失去重要的东西，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它，这可以给孩子一个教训（让孩子珍视自己拥有的东西）。故选B项。
【78题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是一个完美的教训，让孩子失去重要的东西……失去它，感受失去的全部重量，然后奇迹般地找回它。A. range范围；B. pressure压力；C. weight重量；D. harvest收获。由上文语境可知，庞德丢失背包后，难过得哭了，说明这种失去的“重量”让他无法承受，所以他伤心。故选C项。
七、阅读理解。本大题共11小题，共22分。
【答案】79. B 80. A 81. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是写给大猩猩的一封信，信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类应该采取的保护措施，以保护大猩猩的生存环境。
【79题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.和第二段中When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.第三段中I think that you are really worth saving.等信息可判断，收信人Koko可能是一只大猩猩，故选B。
【80题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中all of the cruel things done to gorillas...the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知，本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇，故选A。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.可知，作者建议制定关于杀害大猩猩凶手的法律，他们应该为自己所做的事负法律责任。故选B。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题2根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇。
【答案】82. B 83. A 84. A 85. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员安排的失误，导致只剩一名员工招待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。
【82题详解】
推理判断题。由第十段“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工计划离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有及时出现。这就剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。”由此判断出，因为换班人员的安排出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。
【83题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【84题详解】
推理判断题。由第十二段“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感激，”华纳说。“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感激他们把我们的员工当成家人。”由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此互相帮忙。故选A项。
【85题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人振奋的一幕。最后一段“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是伟大！由此判断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。故选B项。
【点睛】细节理解题顾名思义要抓住细节，将原文的细节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【答案】86. D 87. A 88. D 89. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，睡前音乐更容易干扰睡眠，而器乐甚至比带歌词的音乐更糟糕。文章主要介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究发现睡前听器乐会导致更多与睡眠相关的耳虫，睡眠质量也会下降。
【86题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. (在第一项研究中，199名居住在美国的在线参与者报告了他们的睡眠质量、听音乐的频率和时间，以及他们对这如何影响睡眠的看法)”，第三段中“After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p.m., participants went to a quid bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. (在晚上8:45到达睡眠实验室后，参与者们去了一间睡房，在那里他们完成了问卷调查，包括压力、睡眠质量和白天嗜睡的测量)”和第四段中“Participants reported decreases in stress mid nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure.(参与者报告说，在听了这两首歌后，压力和紧张感都有所减轻，放松程度也有所增加，血压也有所下降)”可知，这两项研究的参与者的报告内容，体现了睡前听音乐在生活中的反馈。故选D。
【87题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes. (然而，四分之一的受试者从睡眠中醒来时有耳虫，多导睡眠图数据显示，这些歌曲的乐器版本更有可能induce这些觉醒以及其他睡眠中断，如从深度睡眠转向浅睡眠。总之，研究小组写道，这些发现代表了“睡前器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量的因果证据。”)”可知，器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量，说明歌曲的乐器版本更有可能导致睡眠问题，画线词意思是“导致”。A. Lead to.导致；B. Impact on.影响；C. Break in.打断；D. Focus on.集中于。故选A。
【88题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms.” the team writes. (总之，研究小组写道，这些发现代表了“睡前器乐通过触发耳虫影响睡眠质量的因果证据。”)”和最后一段中“Why instrumental-only songs should have a lugger impact than music with lyrics isn't clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant's brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. (为什么只用乐器演奏的歌曲比有歌词的音乐更有影响力，这一点还不清楚。研究中使用的三首歌之所以被选中，是因为它们很可能是人们熟悉的。听没有歌词的歌曲可能会促使参与者的大脑尝试添加歌词，这可能会让“耳虫”更有可能出现)”可推知，歌曲的乐器版本更有可能导致睡眠问题，熟悉的和不熟悉的器乐都可能导致睡眠问题。故选D。
【89题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics. (你会在睡前听轻音乐来帮助自己放松下来吗？然而，根据贝勒大学Michael K. Scullin和他的同事们的一项新研究，这种做法可能会适得其反。 这项发表在《心理医学》上的研究发现，睡前音乐更容易干扰睡眠，而器乐甚至比带歌词的音乐更糟糕)”结合文章主要介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究发现睡前听器乐会导致更多与睡眠相关的耳虫，睡眠质量也会下降。可知，这篇文章主要是关于睡前音乐可能的负面影响。故选B。
八、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】90. B 91. D 92. E 93. G 94. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几点关于如何处理社交恐惧的建议。
【90题详解】
根据空后的“It’s probably more than shyness.(这可能不仅仅是因为害羞。)”可知，它可能不仅仅是害羞，此处是说焦虑对有些人有很不好的影响，故B项“但是对某些人来说，焦虑可能是极端的”符合语境。故选B。
【91题详解】
根据空后的“It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party.(它阻止他们在午餐时间与朋友聊天，参加课外俱乐部，或参加聚会。)”可知，它阻止他们在午餐时间和朋友聊天、参加课外俱乐部或聚会，此处应该提到一种社交障碍，D项“社交恐惧症让人对错过的机会感到孤独或失望”符合语境。故选D。
【92题详解】
根据空前的“Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears.(对付社交恐惧症需要愿意、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧。)”可知，处理社交恐惧需要有意志力、耐心和勇气去面对恐惧，此处承接上文，E项“当感到害羞时，也要采取行动往前走而不是后退”符合语境。故选E。
【93题详解】
根据上文“Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them.(治疗师可以帮助人们制定一个面对社交恐惧的计划，并建立克服它的技能和信心。家人和朋友对他们来说尤为重要。)”提到了治疗师、家人和朋友能够帮助你处理社交恐惧，此处承接上文，说的是这些人对你的帮助，故G项“这些关键人物的支持帮助他们鼓起勇气尝试新事物”符合语境。故选G。
【94题详解】
根据空前的“Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable.(渐渐地，一个决定处理极度害羞的人可以学会更舒适。)”可知，一个决定克服嫉妒害羞的人会变得更自在，此处是说小进步的意义，F项“每向前迈出一小步有助于建立足够的信心迈出下一小步”符合语境。故选F。
九、阅读表达：本大题共4小题，共15分。
【答案】95. She spoke up about the problem.
96. Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate./Complaining always has a negative impact.
97. Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, Dian Killian points out/holds that people complain frequently to ask for attention from others.
98. Firstly, I speak out the problem, telling him his complaining is ruining our quality of our time together. Secondly, I’ll try to shift our conversation to what interests him. Above all, due to his desire for attention from others, with him I’ll try not to ignore him.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正人们对抱怨的误解，抱怨有好处，介绍了让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
【95题详解】
考查细节理解。由第一段中的“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. (事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了她们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于开口了，并帮助她的母亲意识到她经常抱怨)”可知，简·布斯把（妈妈频繁抱怨的）问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨。故答案为：She spoke up about the problem.
【96题详解】
考查推理判断。由第二段中的“To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn’t always have a negative impact. (为了提高效率，首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上，即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响)”可知，关于抱怨的误解是认为，那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的，或抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为：Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate./Complaining always has a negative impact.
【97题详解】
考查细节理解。由第三段中的““When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,” says Dian Killian, a life coach, “the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn’t their aim.”(生活教练Dian Killian说：“当我们需要被倾听时，我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注，所以他们从不满足于任何解决他们强调的问题的建议，解决问题不是他们的目标。”)”可知，经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式，经常抱怨的人的目的不是要解决问题，“to seek suggestions for their problems (寻求他们问题的建议)”是错误的。故答案为：Dian Killian points out that people complain frequently to seek suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, Dian Killian points out/holds that people complain frequently to ask for attention from others.
【98题详解】
考查开放答题。由第一段中的“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up (事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了她们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于开口了)”，第三段中的“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention (经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注)”和第五段中的“Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation in a direction that interests them. (如果你把谈话转向他们感兴趣的方向，一些抱怨者会改变话题)”可知，首先，我会把问题说出来，告诉他他的抱怨破坏了我们在一起的时间质量；第二，我会尽量把我们的谈话转移到他感兴趣的地方；最重要的是，由于他渴望得到他人的关注，我会尽量不忽视他。故答案为：Firstly, I speak out the problem, telling him his complaining is ruining our quality of our time together. Secondly, I’ll try to shift our conversation to what interests him. Above all, due to his desire for attention from others, with him I’ll try not to ignore him.
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