2021北京首都师大附中学校联考高二（上）期末英语

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2021北京首都师大附中学校联考高二（上）期末英    语2021.1第一部分 知识运用（共25 分）第一节 完形填空（共10 小题，每小题1 分，共10 分）“We didn’t really find a good role model of any country doing things sustainably,” says Daniel O’Neill at the University of Leeds, UK. “We need to do things in a completely different way if we are to have any hope of achieving a good life for all people on the planet.”O’Neill and his colleagues _____1____ each country's sustainability by adding up how it used, produced or affected seven things. These were water, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon dioxide emissions, landuse change, ecological footprint and material consumption.The team also used 11 measures to assess whether citizens had good lives. Some were basic needs or expectations like* nutrition, access to energy and long life expectancy. The others_____2____ social stability, like income, education, equality, social support and employment prospects.A(n) ideal country would score zero for resource overshoot and 11 for citizen well-being: everyone's needs would be met and no natural resources destroyed.Rich countries overshoot their limits to feed their lifestyles. 'The USA transgresses ( 超越) all seven planetary boundary indicators, but ... scores relatively ____3_____on the social targets, achieving nine out of 11,”says team member Julia Steinberger at the University of Leeds. The UK did_____4____ breaking five boundaries, but reaching eight social targets. 'They could be described as ‘well-off over-consumers’”, she says.However, South Africa transgresses the same natural boundaries as the UK, but _____5____only one social target: nutrition. It is a “dysfunctional over-consumer”， says Steinberger, “because its consumption doesn’t seem to result in a better life”.Some poor countries，like Malawi and Senegal, keep within planetary- boundaries, but reach none of the social targets.A few countries are better at balancing well-being and ____6_____. They include Sri Lanka—which goes beyond no natural limits—Vietnam and Moldova. _____7____ , none meets all the well-being targets.The _____8____ provides a critical reminder of the tremendous challenge facing humanity，” says Johan Rockstrom of Stockholm University in Sweden"We can no longer balance that simply letting the market decide what is best for us will lead to anything but disaster,” says Steinberger.O’Neill’s team says poorer countries should_____9____ basic needs, which can be met without overshooting limits. Citizens of rich countries should rethink what they need. “Life satisfaction” scores improved only marginally for every ecological limit broken, so scaling back on luxuries could have big environmental benefits.“Some of the strongest determinants of life satisfaction are good health; strong family and community relationships; economic security in the form of employment or higher incomes; and relative rather than absolute _____10____ with respect to the rest of one’s society,” says Steinberger. “There’s a lot we can learn about how to move to lower material forms of life satisfaction.”1. A. kept   B. criticised   C. praised   D. rated2. A. endangered  B. promoted   C. reflected   D. changed3. A. highly   B. lowly   C. disappointingly  D. unexpectedly 4. A. well   B. similarly   C. creatively   D. otherwise5. A. misses   B. cancels   C. sets    D. achieves6. A. reliability   B. independence  C. sustainability   D. productivity 7. A Initially   B. Moreover   C. Therefore   D. However8. A. description  B. analysis   C. balance   D. limitation9. A. discover   B. prioritise   C. neglect   D. monitor10. A. harmony   B. security   C. health   D. wealth第二节 语法填空（共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共15 分）AMore than 1 billion people aged from 12 to 35 are at the risk of losing their hearing from 11 （listen）to loud music on their audio devices. According to WHO, it’s considered unsafe 12 you hear a sound that is above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes. 13 （normal）, users of personal audio devices choose to set the volume between 75~105. Shelly Chadha of the WHO suggested that all smartphones should be fitted with a measurement system, 14 would tell you how much sound you’re listening to, and when you go over the limit.BUrban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing tree services. Our arborists（树艺师） 15 （train）to recognize the unique needs of your trees, taking into account factors such as the tree’s age, health&prior pruning. Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers. Our arborists can in most cases come 16 with a pruning method that is both 17 （benefit）for the tree’s health and longevity and meets the needs of our custmmers.CThere’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food. With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for 18 （decorate）on a weeding cake. Not everybody can do that —it takes years of experience, 19 a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces”of food that are “exactly the same” 20 （free）cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.三、阅读理解（共20 小题，每小题2 分，共40 分） 第一节 共15 小题，每小题2 分，共30 分。AFeel the MusicWe’ve all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing?The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.How does this incredible shirt work?First, let’s talk about a little science.People who have either all or some hearing loss don’t actually listen to music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it.Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves, which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain.What’s really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silent mode.Those connections the body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion.The SoundShirt has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer’s brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a symphony orchestra.The shirt’s computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments.Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way.The very deep musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt.Higher pitched sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms.As the music plays, the sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to “hear” the concert.You might think this innovation( 创新)would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact, these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better.Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.21. What can be inferred about the SoundShirt described in the passage?A. The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra.B. CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing.C. The SoundShirt doesn’t work without the power of the human brain.D. Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound.22. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt.B. The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music.C. Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future.D. CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra.23. The author probably wrote this passage to ___________.A. advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technologyB. advocate that technology can be used to create products that help othersC. prove that the design of wearable technology is a rewarding industry in futureD. exemplify that musical instruments can be used to change technology for the betterBLondon is a huge city with more things to do than anywhere else. With the London Pass, you get free entry to over 50 specially selected places with one purchase. In the list you'll find:• 19 historic buildings• 22 museums and art galleries• 8 tours, cruises （乘船游览）and walks and entertainment activities • 13 places of interest including boats and aquariums （水族馆）• 12 restaurants and servicesThe London Pass not only offers great value and convenience, but also enables you to beat the queues at selected attractions. There are also special offers such as discounts at restaurants and theaters, where the attraction is normally free to the public. The London Pass also gives you great offers such as a free guided tour. So whether you prefer museums or cinemas, galleries or ice skating or zoos, with The London Pass there really is something for everyone.You can buy Adult or child passes for 2,3 or 6 days. See all ticket prices bellow and choose what you need.DescriptionPriceLondon Pass 2 days Adult-Item E-036$87London Pass 3 days Adult-Item E-037$104London Pass 6 days Adult-Item E-038$140London Pass 2 days child (5-15 years)$62London Pass 3 days child (5-15 years)$72London Pass 6 days child (5-15 years)$100You can contact us by sending emails or making calls. Please call 1-888-254-0637. Outside the US please call 00-800-84468370 or+ 1210 507 5997.VIP reservations: Contact a Customer Service representative at 1-866-270-2849.NOTE: If your reservation is made prior to November 15th, 2020 email sales@previewhotels.com. 24. According to the passage, with the London Pass you can probably do all the following things for free EXCEPT .A. stays at hotels    B. see famous buildingsC. go boating    D. join in entertainment activities25. How much should Mr. King pay for the London Pass 2 days if he goes with his wife and 7-year-old son?A. $174   B. $236    C. S 244   D. $270 26. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The London Pass has discounts for students.B. 16 years olds can enjoy the London Pass 2 days Child. C. Children under 5 don't need the London Pass.D. The London Pass can't be bought on weekends.27. If you are a VIP customer, you can reserve by calling. ' A. 1-888-254-0637B. 00-800-84468370 C.+1210 507 5997 D. 1-866-270-2849CThe mind is a wonderful thing. It’s also excuse-making machine that frequently tries to convince us not to take action we know are good for us. If we hadn't learned about these excuses, or how to overcome them, we would never have succeeded in making these positive changes.So why does the mind mess with us and make unreasonable excuses? Because the mind wants comfort, that's the reason. It’s afraid of discomfort, pressure and change. The mind is absorbed in its comfort zone, and anytime we try to stretch that zone too far, for too long, the mind tries desperately to get back to "ground zero" at any cost. These damaging excuses, such as "I can't do it", "It is too hard for me", "It’s too late now" and so on, are no strangers to our minds.It seems too difficult at first, so you think you can't stick to the positive change you're making. This excuse can be countered ( 对抗）by looking at the fact that other people were no more capable than you thought you were. For example, my 60-year-old next-door neighbor finished running a marathon, so I told myself, "If she can do it, so can I !" Truth be told, the only person who tells you "I can't" is yourself. If you hear those words echoing in the back of your mind, tune them out.I've witnessed people reinventing themselves at all ages 48-year-olds starting families, 57-year-olds graduating from college for the first time, 71-year-olds starting successful businesses,and so forth.Another common excuse is that "I've already failed too much. " If you break down, it's fine,because you are only human. Just don't stay down; take a rest, and then pick yourself up so you can go to where you'd rather be. As Winston Churchill said, "Success is never final; failure is never fatal . It is courage to continue that counts. "Some people feel like quitting when they have almost reached their goal, while others attain goals through their efforts until the last second. So make some necessary adjustments to get rid of the bad habit of making excuses. Keep going! No excuses! Think, work, and climb, that's how you'll move your life forward.28. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To tell readers how to make a change.B. To help readers develop a new view of life.C. To encourage readers to leave their comfortable zone.D. To tell readers to stop making excuses and keep fighting.29. Knowing his neighbor finished the marathon made the author realize________. A. completing a marathon was not too difficultB. people often neglect their abilitiesC. looking down upon the others is wrongD. people shouldn't let negative thoughts step in their way30. Why does our mind make excuses?A. It tends to seek comforts rather than suffering.B. It needs rest and relaxation .C. It is preparing for the difficult times. D. It is the way it tries to find a solution.31. What might "ground zero" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The lowest spot. B. The safest placeC. The original place D. The proper positionDYou are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by settinga clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.32. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems. C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings.33. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new 34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To define victims and creators.B. To evaluate victims against creators.C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.35. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life. C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. D. one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.第二节 共5 小题，每小题2 分，共10 分。Choosing a major is a very important thing in our life.However,at the same time,it can be extremely challenging.So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier. 36 .And how does that choice affect your future career?We can help guide you in choosing a major.Your major is your primary field of study in your undergraduate (大学的) program.It is the subject in which you earn your bachelor’s degree.After completing a list of general education courses,you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice. 37 .For many students,it’s best to try out different classes to figure out a major you’ll like,but you need to have a couple of solid choices. 38 ,you should begin taking courses you are required tocomplete before graduation,so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect.39 ,you should begin thinking about how your field will lead to a job as soon as possible.Consider clubs,research programs and part-time jobs related to potential career choices for your major.For more career-specific majors like nursing and engineering,the majority of your studies will include skills that can be used in a future job. 40 .The sooner you begin working in a lab,on research projects or helping as a teaching assistant for a professor,the better you’ll be able to figure out your career.A.Do some research to find out which majors can help you get that jobB.Roughly one-third to one-half of your courses will be related to your majorC.However,you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare youD.While your major may or may not lead directly to a careerE.You have to think of ways to choose a majorF.Be sure that you choose a major that suits your interestsG.Once you have a better idea of which major you like best四、阅读短文，回答问题（共4 小题，共15 分，最后一题6 分）I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from anearly age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things withclay(黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love withsomething and do it all the time, you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every dayI practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.41. What made the author’s school days difficult?42.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?43. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?44. How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. （30Word-50Word）五、书面表达（共20 分）假定你是李华．你所在的校篮球队正在招收新队员．请给你的留学生朋友 Tom 写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1．球队活动；2．报名方式及截止日期．（截止日期 2021 年 1 月 12 日上午 10 点）注意：1．词数 100 左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．