精品解析：广东省广州市天河区天河外国语学校2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省广州市天河区天河外国语学校2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了英语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022学年天河外国语学校高二英语上学期期中考试试题
高二 英语
注意事项：
1．本试卷分全卷满分150分，120分钟内完成，闭卷。
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
3．全部答案应在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读理解(共三节，满分75分)
第一节(共10小题，每小题3分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Island Getaways
Beautiful beaches, rich cultures and untouched pockets of wilderness are just a few attractive characteristics of the best island vacations. Each of the islands listed here has something extra that keeps travelers charmed.
Principe
West of Africa's mainland, small Principe offers blue seas, yellow beaches, jungle peaks, whale-watching with received plantations to visit and locals to meet. Pleasant eco-resorts help, too. Principe is amazingly safe and welcoming to visitors, particularly ecotourists, for whom the advancing jungle is a delight.
Bryher
The handsomest of the Isles of Scilly, 25 miles from Land's End, Bryher accompanies rose gardens with a windy wild coastal path. You can follow the coastal path visiting the charming beaches including Rushy Bay which is a must with fine white sand and clear waler. You can also take a hike up one of the hills to enjoy amazing views across Scilly and out to a Bishop Rock Lighthouse witnessing the past glory.
Astypalea
Butterfly-shaped Astypalea, an unspoilt Greek island, which banned cigarettes in 2019. Pretty yellow beaches as well as churches in the math town. Chora Chora, the island's capital, built on a hill with a breathtaking view of the Aegean Sen. On the top of the hill overlooking the village, sits Querini castle which used to protect the island during the Middle Ages, but now it is the main attraction of Astypalea.
Dominica
Commonly known as The Nature Island, Dominica sticks out up from the shiny waters of the Caribbean to serve as a fairy land for travelers seeking thrills in a place that lime has forgotten. The best-kept secrets of the Caribbean arc lush rainforests, towering mountains, rushing rivers and welcoming waterfalls with volcanic wonders adding unique beauty to Dominica.
1. Which is a perfect destination for those who are interested in ecotourism?
A. Bryher. B. Principe. C. Astypalea. D. Dominica.
2. What do Bryher and Astypalea have in common?
A. They have historic buildings. B. They're famous for rose gardens.
C. They look like a butterfly. D. They're surrounded by white beaches.
3. What makes Dominica special?
A. Towering mountains. B. Rushing rivers.
C. Welcoming waterfalls. D. Volcanic wonders.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个岛屿度假目的地以及其额外吸引游客的地方。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Principe部分的“Pleasant eco-resorts help, too. Principe is amazingly safe and welcoming to visitors, particularly ecotourists, for whom the advancing jungle is a delight.( 宜人的生态度假村很有帮助，普林西比非常安全，非常欢迎游客，尤其是生态游客，对他们来说，不断发展的丛林是一个乐趣)”可知，Principe是对生态旅游感兴趣的人的完美的目的地。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bryher部分的“You can also take a hike up one of the hills to enjoy amazing views across Scilly and out to a Bishop Rock Lighthouse witnessing the past glory.( 你也可以徒步攀登其中的一座山，欣赏迷人跨越Scilly的景色，到Bishop Rock Lighthouse见证过去的荣耀)”和Astypalea的“On the top of the hill overlooking the village, sits Querini castle which used to protect the island during the Middle Ages, but now it is the main attraction of Astypalea.( 在俯瞰村庄的山顶上，坐落着Querini城堡，在中世纪用来保护岛屿，但现在它是阿斯特帕利亚的主要景点。)”可知，这两个地方的共同之处是他们都有历史建筑。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The best-kept secrets of the Caribbean arc lush rainforests, towering mountains, rushing rivers and welcoming waterfalls with volcanic wonders adding unique beauty to Dominica.( 加勒比海保存最完好的秘密是茂密的热带雨林、高耸的山脉、奔流的河流和受欢迎的瀑布以及火山奇观，为多米尼加增添了独特的美丽。)”可知，Dominica的独特之处是火山景观。故选D。
B
Americans always attach great weight to the business of the country. President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today — that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断，垄断者) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors (下属) or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believes, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity in America rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege in many other countries.
4. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “ ”.
A. the business institutions in American are concerned with commerce (商业)
B. business problems are of great importance to the American government
C. business is of primary concern to Americans
D. America is a great power in world business
5. Who can benefit from the business competition?
A. Honest businessmen. B. People with ideas of equality and freedom.
C. Both businessmen and their customers. D. Both business institutions and government.
6. It can be concluded from the passage that the author believes .
A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries, success often depends on one’s social status
C. American businesses are more democratic (民主的) than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在美国商业机构在所有类型的组织中享有最高的威望，因为商业机构更为牢固地建立在竞争的基础上，而竞争确保了进步与繁荣、个人自由、机会均等等重要的价值观。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today — that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.(柯立芝总统的那句话……，今天仍然指向了一个重要的事实——商业机构在美国社会中比任何其他类型的组织，包括政府，都有更高的威望。)”可知，在美国商业机构是所有类型的组织中威望最高的，因此柯立芝总统的这句话意为商业是美国人最关心的问题。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors (下属) or slaves.(从理论上讲，如果一家企业试图不公平地利用其客户，那么它将输给对其客户更公平的竞争企业。在许多企业为客户的钱而竞争的地方，他们不能像对待下属或奴隶一样对待客户。)”可知，只有公平对待客户的商业机构才能在竞争中取胜，从商业竞争中受益的既有商业机构也有他们的客户。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.(竞争被视为一场公开、公平的比赛，无论他或她的社会阶层背景如何，最快的人都会获得成功。竞争成功通常被视为美国人对基于家庭背景的社会地位的另一种选择。)”可知，在高度重视商业的美国人们可以通过竞争取得成功，无关个人的社会背景。由此推知，在许多国家，成功常常取决于个人的社会地位。故选B项。
C
The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a list of the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.
Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
7. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To show a research process.
D. To present a research finding.
8. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?
A. By recording app use time.
B. By studying app usage data.
C. By comparing different apps.
D. By changing app use patterns.
9. What is the function of the statistical models?
A. Locating criminals.
B. Tracking usage of apps.
C. Identifying phone users.
D. Predicting trends of apps.
10. What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data?
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.
【答案】7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明一个人使用智能手机应用程序留下的数据可以泄露个人身份。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.(研究人员表示，在超过三分之一的案例中，一个人在不同的智能手机应用程序上花费的时间足以从一个更大的群体中识别出他们)”以及下文对这项研究的讲述可知，本文的目的是呈现一项研究发现。故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.(研究人员分析了780人的智能手机数据。他们将4680天的应用使用数据输入到统计模型中。每天与780名用户中的一名进行配对，以便于这些模型可以了解人们的日常应用使用模式)”可推断，研究人员通过研究应用程序的使用数据来得出结论。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.(研究人员随后测试，当只提供一天的匿名智能手机活动时，模型能否识别出个人。这些模型只接受了六天的应用程序使用数据训练，就可以在这个时间的三分之一的时间里从一天的匿名数据中识别出正确的人)”可知，这些模型的功能是识别手机用户。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.(因此，认识到仅仅是应用程序使用数据，这经常是智能手机自动收集的，就可能会泄露一个人的身份是重要的。在为执法提供新机会的同时，如果这类数据被滥用，也会给隐私带来风险)”可推断，作者对待应用程序使用数据的态度是谨慎的。故选A。
第二节 完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30分)
My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse (松鸡). It’s ___11___for a grouse to have any contact (接触)with people. In fact, they’re hard to spot, ___12___they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching
This grouse came into our lives in ___13___ .Tom was working out in the field when he ___14___her walking around at the edge of the field. She was ___15___unafraid and seemed to be ___16___about what he was doing,
Tom saw the ___17___bird several times, and site got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew ___18___of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.
One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom ___19___he didn’t see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
Apparently, she didn’t like to be ___20___. She’d run up and peck (啄) at Tom’s hands, then ___21___ off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the ___22___and left.
As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to ___23___more and more often. ___24___Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom’s leg and stay long enough for me to get a ___25___of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt ___26___no just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.
When hunting season opened, we put a ___27___at the end of our driveway asking ___28___not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road, ___29___warned people not to shoot her. ___30___, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.
11. A. interesting B. reasonable C. impossible D. unusual
12. A. though B. because C. unless D. until
13. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
14. A. got B. kept C. noticed D. imagined
15. A. naturally B. certainly C. normally D. surprisingly
16. A. crazy B. curious C. concerned D. cautious
17. A. shy B. awkward C. friendly D. elegant
18. A. careful B. tired C. fond D. sick
19. A. supposed B. realized C. hoped D. pretended
20. A. ignored B. observed C. amazed D. disturbed
21. A. put B. back C. set D. take
22. A. game B. work C. place D. man
23. A. give up B. come out C. turn over D. fly by
24. A. Eventually B. Suddenly C. Constantly D. Presently
25. A. chance B. dream C. picture D. sense
26. A. comfortable B. guilty C. anxious D. familiar
27. A. lantern B. sign C. gun D. loudspeaker
28. A. drivers B. farmers C. hunters D. tourists
29. A. just B. yet C. thus D. also
30. A. In fact B. For long C. On the contrary D. By the way
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了自己一家人和一只松鸡的故事。作者的丈夫Tom在田间干活时看到一只胆大的松鸡，和别的松鸡不同它不惧怕人类，慢慢这只松鸡和作者一家越来越熟悉，甚至还会飞到Tom身上。后来这只松鸡和人们相处的越来越和谐，不但作者一家非常喜欢它，而且连猎人都和松鸡一起拍照留念。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对松鸡来说和人类有接触是不寻常的。A. interesting有趣的；B. reasonable合理的；C. impossible不可能的；D . unusual不寻常的。根据上文作者对此事感到惊讶I was still amazed和下文中对松鸡性情的介绍they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.可知松鸡和人密切接触的情况是不常见的，故选D.
【12题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它们很难被发现，因为它们通常会在听到人类靠近时飞走。A. though 尽管；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. until直到。前句提到they're hard to spot人们很难看到松鸡，后句内容说它们见到人类的接近就会飞走，由此可知人们很难见到松鸡的原因是它们惧怕人类，后句和前句是因果关系，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只松鸡是在春天进入我们的生活的。A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天。根据下文倒数第二段As spring went and summer came可知当Tom看到这只松鸡的时候是春天，故答案选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆正在田地里干活，突然注意到它在田地边上走来走去。A. got得到；B. kept保持；C. noticed发现，注意到；D. imagine想象。此处讲述的是Tom第一次看到这只松鸡时候的情景，空后提到这只松鸡正在地边走动，所以是Tom看到，注意到，故选C。
【15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她一点也不害怕，似乎对他正在做的事情很好奇。A. naturally 自然地；B. certainly 当然地；C. normally正常地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。从上文内容可知松鸡是怕人的，见到人就飞走，而这只松鸡不怕人，所以是让人惊讶的情况，故选D。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她一点也不害怕，似乎对他正在做的事情很好奇。A. crazy疯狂的，着迷的；B .curious好奇的；C. concerned关心的；D. cautious小心的。从空前内容可知松鸡不怕人，由此推断应该是好奇Tom在做什么，其他不符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤姆好几次看到了这只友好的鸟，在他身边变得更舒服了。A. shy 害羞的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. friendly 友好的；D. elegant优雅的。从后句内容可知这只松鸡不怕Tom,而且在他身边越来越自在，此外在文章倒数第二段也提到friendly grouse，由此可知这只松鸡是友好的，故选C。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很快就喜欢上了这只小鸟，决定叫它米尔德丽德。A. careful小心的；B. tired厌倦的；C.fond喜欢的；D. sick恶心，生病的。从空后内容可知作者和丈夫给松鸡取了名字，由此判断他们对这只松鸡越来越喜欢，be fond of 意思是“喜欢”，选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆假装没看见她，继续工作，看她下一步会做什么。A. supposed认为，猜想；B. realized意识到；C. hoped希望；D. pretended假装。前面提到Tom看到松鸡走近他身边，后面又说没看到她，由此判断他是假装没看见，想看看松鸡会如何反应。选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，她不喜欢被忽视。A. ignored忽略，不理睬；B. observed观察，遵守，庆祝；C. amazed感到惊讶；D. disturbed打扰。上文提到Tom故意装作没看到这只松鸡，空后又描述松鸡去啄Tom的手，由此判断松鸡是想引起Tom的注意，不想被忽视，选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑起来啄啄汤姆的手，然后放弃了看他要做什么。A. put放；B. backed后退；C. place安置，放；D. take带走。从描述的情景可以推测松鸡啄了Tom之后就退后看他的反应，选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样持续了大约20分钟，直到米尔德丽德玩腻了这个游戏，离开了。A. game游戏；B. work工作；C. place地方；D. man人。根据上文的叙述可知在Tom不理睬松鸡的情况下，松鸡反反复复地去啄Tom，然后看他的反应，这对它来说是一种游戏，选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析句意：春去夏来，米尔德丽德开始越来越频繁地外出。A. give up 放弃；B. come out出来；C. turn over翻转；D. fly by飞过。根据下文内容可知夏天到了松鸡更加频繁地外出走动了，选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，米尔德丽德感到很舒服，跳上了汤姆的腿，在那儿呆了很长时间，好让我拍一张他们俩在一起的照片。A .Eventually 最终；B .Suddenly突然；C. Constantly不断地；D. Presently目前地。从上文内容可知松鸡一点一点地接近人类，胆子越来越大，最后都飞到Tom身上，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，米尔德丽德感到很舒服，跳上了汤姆的腿，在那儿呆了很长时间，好让我拍一张他们俩在一起的照片。A. chance机会；B. dream梦想；C. picture图片，照片；D. sense感觉。根据作者描述的情景可知松鸡呆在Tom的腿上，所以是作者趁机拍了张照片，而且下文hunters would stop and take pictures也是很好的提示，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只友好的松鸡很快就感到很舒服，A. comfortable舒服的；B. guilty内疚的；C. anxious 焦虑的；D. familiar 熟悉的。本文讲述的内容是松鸡和人的友好相处，而且上文多次提到松鸡在人们身边很comfortable，比如and she got more comfortable around him和.Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom's leg，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：狩猎季节开始时，我们在车道的尽头挂上一块牌子，要求猎人不要射杀我们的宠物松鸡。A. lantern灯笼；B. sign 招牌；C. gun 枪支；D. loudspeaker扬声器。根据情理可知要想提醒人们应该是树立起一个警示牌，而且空前动词put也只能和sign构成搭配，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：狩猎季节开始时，我们在车道的尽头挂上一块牌子，要求猎人不要射杀我们的宠物松鸡。A. drivers司机；B. farmers农民；C. hunters猎人；D. tourists游客。从情理可知四个选项中会猎杀动物的只有猎人，而且通过下文猎人与松鸡拍照也可以判断作者是提醒猎人们不要猎杀他们的松鸡，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲就住在这条街上，他也警告人们不要向她开枪。A. just 仅仅；B. yet 然而；D. thus 因此；D. also也。前面内容提到作者竖起牌子警示人们不要猎杀这只友好的松鸡，而父亲同时也警告人们别猎杀那只松鸡，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，猎人们会停下来拍照，因为他们从未见过像她这样东西。A. In fact 事实上；B. For long很长时间；C. On the contrary相反；D. By the way 顺便说。上文提到作者和家人都提醒人们不要去伤害这只松鸡，而猎人们不仅没有猎杀松鸡，甚至还和松鸡一起拍照，故选A。

第三节 七选五(共5小题;每小题5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How much exercise does your dog need?
As many dog owners are aware, dogs need regular exercise to stay healthy and to stop them from getting bored. ___31___ To help dog owners work out how long their pets need to stretch their legs each day, here comes the advice on just how much exercise your dog should be getting, based on the age, size and breed!
___32___ A good rule is that they should enjoy five minutes of a movement twice a day per month of their age. In other words, if your puppy is 12 weeks old, keep walks or play sessions to around 15 minutes each. As it gets older and stronger, the amount of exercise can be increased gradually. Equally, old dogs may struggle to take long walks, but should still be given the opportunity to go outside at least twice daily.
All dogs should be let outside for exercise, but how intense that exercise should be depends, in part, on the size of the dog. ___33___ In addition to regular play in the house or garden, they should also be taken for walks twice a day and these should last for at least 30 minutes each. Smaller puppies often require less of a workout, so letting them out into the garden for a runaround can be an appropriate form of exercise.
Some breeds, such as border collies, Belgian Malinois and German shepherds, have been bred as “working dogs”. ___34___ But the key to ensuring that your dog is able to keep up with you assuming that you have selected an appropriate breed, is consistency. Try to avoid going for a five-minute walk one day and embarking on a five-mile hike the next. ___35___
A. Larger breeds need more space to roam.
B. They are suited to cover long distances.
C. Age is the first factor that should be considered.
D. Only in this way can your dog get suitable amount of exercises.
E. Rather, a steady routine will help your dog be prepared for the next adventure.
F. While puppies are often energetic, it is important not to over exercise young dogs.
G. What they might not know, though, is that the amount of time they need outdoors varies.
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. A 34. B 35. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗需要如何锻炼来保持健康。
【31题详解】
上文“As many dog owners are aware, dogs need regular exercise to stay healthy and to stop them from getting bored. (很多养狗的人都知道，狗需要定期锻炼来保持健康，防止它们感到无聊)”指出，狗需要经常锻炼，设空处承上启下，下文“To help dog owners work out how long their pets need to stretch their legs each day, here comes the advice on just how much exercise your dog should be getting, based on the age, size and breed! (为了帮助狗主人计算出宠物每天需要锻炼多长时间，根据狗的年龄、体型和品种，这里提供了关于狗应该进行多少运动的建议)”指出，不同的狗的运动量也各不相同。G项“What they might not know, though, is that the amount of time they need outdoors varies. (不过，他们可能不知道的是，它们在户外所需的时间各不相同)”承上启下，符合文意。故选G项。
【32题详解】
根据下文“A good rule is that they should enjoy five minutes of a movement twice a day per month of their age. In other words, if your puppy is 12 weeks old, keep walks or play sessions to around 15 minutes each. (一个好规则是，在它们的年龄，每个月应该每天运动两次，每次5分钟。换句话说，如果你的小狗只有12周大，每次散步或玩耍的时间保持在15分钟左右)”可推知，本段是建议给幼犬适当的锻炼。F项“While puppies are often energetic, it is important not to over exercise young dogs. (虽然幼犬通常精力充沛，但重要的是不要过度锻炼幼犬)”引出下文，符合段意。故选F项。
【33题详解】
上文“All dogs should be let outside for exercise, but how intense that exercise should be depends, in part, on the size of the dog. (所有的狗都应该被在户外锻炼，但锻炼的强度在一定程度上取决于狗的大小)”指出，在户外锻炼的强度在一定程度上取决于狗的大小，设空处承上启下，下文“Smaller puppies often require less of a workout (体型较小的幼犬通常需要较少的锻炼)”指出，幼犬通常需要较少的锻炼，从而推知，设空处介绍了大型犬应该如何锻炼。A项“Larger breeds need more space to roam. (体型较大的品种需要更多的空间来闲逛)”承上启下，符合文意。故选A项。
【34题详解】
根据上文“have been bred as “working dogs” (已被培育成“工作犬”)”可推知，设空处指经过锻炼的工作犬能够适应长途行走。B项“They are suited to cover long distances. (它们适合长途跋涉)”承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。
【35题详解】
根据上文“But the key to ensuring that your dog is able to keep up with you assuming that you have selected an appropriate breed, is consistency. Try to avoid going for a five-minute walk one day and embarking on a five-mile hike the next. (但是，如果你选择了一个合适的品种，确保你的狗能跟上你的步伐的关键是一致性。尽量避免一天走五分钟，第二天就开始五英里的徒步旅行)”可推知，此处指狗锻炼也需要保持稳定的运动量，在一段时间内不能运动量波动过大。E项“Rather, a steady routine will help your dog be prepared for the next adventure. (更确切地说，稳定的日常运动量会帮助你的狗做好下一次冒险的准备)”承接上文，符合文意。故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识与应用
语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Crew members aboard China’s Tiangong space station will live stream their public lecture on science and space in the near future. It is the second time that the Shenzhou-13 astronauts ___36___(deliver) the public lecture to students.” the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) announced on Tuesday.
On Dec 9, 2021, the first lecture in the “Tiangong Class” ___37___ (give) by the Shenzhou-13 astronauts to ___38___ total of 1,420 students from five classrooms across China via live video streaming, ___39___ is designed to encourage young people to develop their interest in manned space night and ___40___ (explore). In class, the astronauts became the “teachers in space”, ___41___ (interact) with students, especially teenagers.
“The content of the upcoming lecture has been selected from the opinions and suggestions ___42___ (collect) from the public, and has been well designed ___43___ line with facility conditions on the country’s space station,” said the CMSA.
“With the progress of the manned spaceflight mission, the ‘Tiangong Class’ will ___44___ (specific) introduce a series of classes focusing on the construction of the Chinese space station and ___45___ (it) in-orbit operation,“ the CMSA said.
【答案】36. have delivered
37. was given
38. a 39. which
40. exploration
41. interacting
42. collected
43. in 44. specifically
45 its
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了“天宫课堂”将举行第二次太空授课。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：这是神舟十三号宇航员第二次给学生们做公开演讲。It is the second time that从句中用现在完成时态，主语the Shenzhou-13 astronauts复数，谓语复数形式。故填have delivered。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室的1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。时间状语是 On Dec 9, 2021，用一般过去时，“讲座”和“给（give）”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the first lecture单数，谓语单数形式。故填was given。
【38题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。a total of 表示“总计”。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室的1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。指代前面一件事，非限制性定语从句缺主语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：2021年12月9日，神舟13号航天员“天宫班”首次通过直播视频向来自全国5个教室的1420名学生进行讲座，旨在鼓励年轻人培养对载人航天之夜和探索的兴趣。and前后并列两个名词，故填exploration。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在课堂上，宇航员成为了“太空老师”，与学生，尤其是青少年互动。“宇航员”和“互动（interact）”是主动关系，这里是现在分词作状语。故填interacting。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国航天局表示：“即将到来的讲座内容是从公众的意见和建议中选择的，并与我国空间站的设施条件相符合。”建议和收集（collect）是被动关系，这里是过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国航天局表示：“即将到来的讲座内容是从公众的意见和建议中选择的，并与我国空间站的设施条件相符合。”固定短语in line with表示“和……一致”。故填in。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国航天局表示：“随着载人航天飞行任务的进展，‘天宫级’将具体推出一系列课程，重点介绍中国空间站的建设及其在轨运行。”副词修饰动词introduce，作状语。故填specifically。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：中国航天局表示：“随着载人航天飞行任务的进展，‘天宫级’将具体推出一系列课程，重点介绍中国空间站的建设及其在轨运行。”这里是形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。
第三部分 基础知识(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
根据中文提示用一个单词填入下列句子，使句意完整。
46. Sometimes the same word has ______ (细微) different meanings, which can be confusing.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】slightly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：有时候，同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人很困惑。根据汉语提示，“细微”可译为slight，结合句意及句子结构，空处应为副词做状语修饰形容词different。故填slightly。
47. I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I ______(目睹) it with my own eyes many times. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)
【答案】witnessed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当时我以为这只是一个故事，但后来我亲眼目睹了很多次。根据“with my own eyes”和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词witness，表示“亲眼目睹”，结合句意可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时，witness应用过去式witnessed。故填witnessed。
48. To help protect students’ eyes, our school has recently changed all the lights in the classrooms and made a few ______ (调整) to the height of them as well. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】adjustments
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护学生的眼睛，我们学校最近更换了教室里所有的灯，并对它们的高度做了一些调整。“调整”用名词adjustment。a few一些，后接可数名词的复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填adjustments。
49. You need to ________ (说服，使相信) the interviewers of your ability to do the job well. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】convince
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：你需要让面试官相信你有能力做好这份工作。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词convince“说服，使相信”，满足句意要求，结合空前to可知，为动词不定式，应为动词原形。故填convince。
50. People have different reactions to the news, so it was impossible to make ________ (假设). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】assumptions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们对新闻有不同的反应，因此不可能做出假设。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，再根据中文提示和语意可知，应填assumption，为可数名词，且这里应用复数形式泛指。故填assumptions。
51. I knew he ______ (怀疑) me of my honesty. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】suspected
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我知道他怀疑我的诚实。“怀疑”是宾语从句中谓语动词，用动词suspect，结合句意和主句时态可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态suspected。故填suspected。
52. Can you understand the ______ (观念) that we are citizens of one world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】concept
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能理解我们是同一个世界的公民这个概念吗?定冠词the 后接名词作宾语。“观念”英文为concept，根据句意，用单数形式，故填concept。
53. It seemed that the water was to ________ (责备). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】blame
【解析】
【详解】考查固定结构。句意：看起来是水的问题。根据汉语提示及设空前不定式to，所以此处填动词原形。动词blame“归咎于；责怪；”，固定短语：be to blame，意为“应该怪……”主动表达被动。故填blame。
54. I can’t understand the concept because it is too ______ (抽象的) for me. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】abstract
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不能理解这个概念，因为它对我来说太抽象了。用形容词在句中作表语。“抽象的”用形容词abstract。根据汉语提示及句意，故填abstract。
55. Although Tim and Mike come from ______ (完全) different backgrounds, they become close friends. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】entirely##completely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管蒂姆和迈克来自完全不同的背景，他们却成了亲密的朋友。空格处用副词修饰形容词different，“完全”的副词是entirely/completely。故填entirely/completely。
56. We need to cut down on our fuel ______(消耗) by having fewer cars on the road. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】consumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要通过减少上路的汽车来减少燃料消耗。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词consumption，作宾语，不可数名词。故填consumption。

57. Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an ________(替代物) to gasoline. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】alternative
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：天然气是另一种丰富的燃料，专家们认为它是汽油的替代品。根据汉语提示，表示“替代物”含义的词是：alternative。根据空白处前面的冠词an可知空白处应填名词，故填alternative。
58. For example, these robots will be able to ______ (辨别) when someone is happy or sad. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】distinguish
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：例如，这些机器人将能够辨别一个人是高兴还是难过。根据空前的be able to可知，空格处应填入动词原形。根据汉语提示，表示“辨别”应用动词distinguish 。故填distinguish 。
59. A recent survey has ______ (揭示) that a growing number of Americans are overweight. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】 revealed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：最近的一项调查显示，越来越多的美国人超重。“揭示”的英文为reveal。根据句意可知，用现在完成时，所以has后接动词的过去分词形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填revealed。
60. As the educator puts it, ______ (扩展) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】expanding
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如教育家所说，通过阅读更多的书来扩展你的知识是一个明智的选择。“扩展”用动词expand。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填expanding。
第二节 短语填空(共5题;每小题2分，满分10分)
用所给短语的恰当形式填入下列句子，使其意义完整。有两个短语多余。
be comprised of; live off; appeal to; call on
on the move; thanks to; devote… to

61. For ten years Nyad ______ becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers.
62. Now that you have grown up, you ought not to ______ your parents.
63. Our school offers many optional courses this term, each of which ______ many students.
64. Some young people never want to stay in one place for very long, so they are always ______.
65. A year ______ the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
【答案】61. has been devoted to
62. live off
63. appeals to
64. on the move
65. is comprised of
【解析】
【61题详解】
考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：十年来，尼亚德一直致力于成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员之一。根据“becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers”可知，动词短语devote… to“把……倾注在……上，致力于”符合句意，可作句子的谓语，表示“致力于成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员之一”，时间状语为For ten years，句子时态宜用现在完成时，devote和主语Nyad之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词引用has。故填has been devoted to。
【62题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：既然你已经长大了，就不应该靠父母生活。根据“you have grown up”可推知，此处表示“不应该依靠父母生活”，动词短语live off“依靠……生活”符合句意，空前有ought not to，live用原形。故填live off。
【63题详解】
考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：我们学校这学期开设了许多选修课，每一门都吸引了许多学生。根据“many optional courses”可知，动词短语appeal to“吸引”符合句意，可作which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，表示“每一门都吸引了许多学生”，且从句描述的同样是现在的通常性的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，从句的先行词为optional courses，each of which表明appeal需用第三人称单数形式appeals。故填appeals to。
【64题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：有些年轻人不想在一个地方呆太久，所以他们总是在四处移动。根据“never want to stay in one place for very long”可推知，此处表示年轻人总是在移动，固定短语on the move“在移动中”符合句意，可作are的表语。故填on the move。
【65题详解】
考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：一年由春、夏、秋、冬四个季节组成。根据“A year”和“the four seasons”可推知，此处表示一年由四季组成，动词短语be comprised of“由……组成”符合句意，可作句子的谓语，句子在描述客观事实，时态宜用一般现在时，主语A year表明要用be动词要用第三人称单数形式is。故填is comprised of。
第三节 翻译句子(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
66. John突然想到他可以做爆米花来帮助Bernard，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(occur；with复合结构)(汉译英)
【答案】With his eyes sparkling with excitement, it occured to John that he could make popcorn to help Bernard.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和with的复合结构。“某人突然想到……”可用固定句型it occured/occurs to sb. that...表示，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，结合句意，本句讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态it occured to John that...；主语从句中主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“可以做”用could make，宾语“爆米花”用popcorn，“来帮助Bernard”作目的状语，用to help Bernard；“眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒”作原因状语，处理成with的复合结构，“眼睛”作宾语，用his eyes表示，“闪烁着兴奋的光芒”作宾语补足语，用sparkling with excitement表示，现在分词表主动。综上，全句译为：With his eyes sparkling with excitement, it occured to John that he could make popcorn to help Bernard.
67. 我们最欣赏的是你们有很强的团队精神。（主语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。根据汉语并结合提示可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时，句子是主从复合句，可用一个主语从句和一个表语从句。“我们最欣赏的”可用what引导名词性从句作句子的主语，该从句中，主语“我们”用we，谓语“欣赏”可用appreciated，状语“最”可用most；what引导的主语从句视作单数，句子的谓语“是”用was；“你们有很强的团队精神”成分和语义完整，可用that引导名词性从句作句子的表语，该从句中，主语“你们”用you，谓语“有”可用动词had，宾语“很强的团队精神”可用名词短语a strong teamwork spirit。故可译为：What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit.
68. 正是他的陪伴使我度过了我生命中的艰难时光。(强调句)(汉译英)
【答案】It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、强调句以及时态。表示“陪伴”应用名词company；表示“使某人度过”应用短语help sb. through sth.。根据题目要求，此处应用强调句型，即It is/was +被强调部分+that+其它。根据句意可知，本句应用一般过去时态。故翻译：It was his company that helped me through the difficult times of my life.
69. 我想采访杨利伟的原因是他对中国的发展做出了巨大贡献。(表语从句)(汉译英)
【答案】The reason why I want to interview Yang Liwei is that he has made great contributions to the development of China.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、定语从句和表语从句。“……的原因是……”用固定句型The reason why...is that...表示，其中关系副词why引导限制性定语从句，连词that引导表语从句；定语从句中主语“我”用I，谓语动词“想”用动词want，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，宾语“采访杨利伟”用不定式短语to interview Yang Liwei；表语从句中主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“做出了巨大贡献”用动词短语make great contributions to...，强调结果和影响，用现在完成时态has made great contributions to，宾语“中国的发展”用the development of China。综上， 全句译为：The reason why I want to interview Yang Liwei is that he has made great contributions to the development of China.
70. 跑步不仅是一种强身健体的极好的方式，它也有助于我们放松心情和缓解学习压力。(倒装句)(汉译英)
【答案】 Not only is running a good way to build our body, but also helps us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和倒装结构。not only...but also...不仅……而且……，not only位于句首，前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。“做某事的方式”用短语way to do sth.；“强身健体”翻译为 build our body；“有助于某人做某事”用短语help sb. do sth.；“放松心情和缓解学习压力”翻译为relax and relieve the pressure of learning。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Not only is running a good way to build our body, but also helps us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.
第四部分 书面表达(满分25分)
71. 假定你是李华,将参加校学生会组织的中学生英语演讲比赛,请以“节约粮食,反对浪费”为主题写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:
1．粮食的重要性;
2．如何厉行节约;
3．发出呼吁。
注意:
1．词数100左右;
2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good morning, everyone! It's my great honor to speak here. As we all know, food is the first necessity for people. It provides our body with energy. But in daily life, too much food is wasted, which makes saving food urgent.
Then what should we do? First, we should always prepare a proper amount of food. Besides, when dining out, we shouldn't order too much food and if any, we should take the leftovers home. Finally, we should help raise people's awareness of saving, which can be an effective way to stop food waste from its origin.
Saving food isn't a slogan; it should take root in our heart. I hope everyone will try their best to save food from now on.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“节约粮食,反对浪费”为主题写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1．粮食的重要性;
2．如何厉行节约;
3．发出呼吁。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
provide sb with sth; in daily life; saving food; raise people's awareness of…; take root in our heart; try one’s best to do; from now on; a proper amount of; dining out
第三步：连词成句
1. As we all know, food is the first necessity for people.
2. It provides our body with energy.
3. But in daily life, too much food is wasted, which makes saving food urgent.
4. First, we should always prepare a proper amount of food.
5. Finally, we should help raise people's awareness of saving, which can be an effective way to stop food waste from its origin.
6. Saving food isn't a slogan; it should take root in our heart.
7.I hope everyone will try their best to save food from now on.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First, Finally
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
3.表转折对比关系：But
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result (供参考)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, food is the first necessity for people.（运用as引导非限定性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Finally, we should help raise people's awareness of saving, which can be an effective way to stop food waste from its origin. （运用which引导非限定性定语从句）