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精品解析：黑龙江省大庆铁人中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：黑龙江省大庆铁人中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了7题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
大庆铁人中学2021级高二学年下学期期中考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When might the man’s train arrive?
A. At 7:00 pm. B. At 8:00 pm. C. At 9:00 pm.
2. What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Find a shelter. B. Fetch an umbrella. C. Hurry home.
3. What does the man probably do?
A. A salesman. B. An architect. C. A writer.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to make salad. B. Where to meet a friend.
C. What to bring for camping.
5. Which restaurant is closed on Mondays?
A. The Sun Pizzeria. B. The Huge Hamburger.
C. The Happy Dragon.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When will the woman go to the clinic?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday.
7. Who will the woman see?
A. Dr. Green. B. Dr. Smith. C. Dr. Jones.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the woman care most about the hotel?
A. Its location. B. Its size. C. Its price.
9. What is the woman going to do first?
A. Talk with her friends. B. Make a travel schedule.
C. Consult her parents.
10. Which month is it now probably?
A. May. B. June. C. July.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. When did the man first learn about Little Women?
A. In middle school. B. In high school. C. At college.
12. Which novel was written by Stephen Crane?
A. Little Women. B. Gone with the Wind. C. The Red Badge of Courage.
13. Why does the man suggest the woman give up Gone with the Wind?
A. It’s very long. B. It’s quite difficult. C. It’s too boring.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Which position is available now?
A. A kitchen hand. B. An assistant cook. C. A cleaner.
15. How often should the man work for the job?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
16. How much will the man get for the job?
A. $15 per hour. B. $18 per hour. C. $20 per hour.
17. What does the woman remind the man to do at last?
A. Offer a reference. B. Bring his passport. C. Fill in an application form.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which job did Winfrey do in high school?
A. A news reader. B. An entertainer. C. A broadcast journalist.
19. What do known women do in the programme?
A. Read famous females’ stories. B. Recommend books to listeners.
C. Listen to stories from famous books.
20. Which characteristic of Winfrey does the speaker stress?
A. Humor. B. Confidence. C. Bravery.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.
D. Bean curd dates back 2000 years in China .
2. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They are the results of complaints.
B. They were not created on purpose.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
3. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some foods .
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese.(豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结。这和制作奶酪的过程是一样的。)”可知，海藻也可以用来制作奶酪。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，这三种食物的共同点是：它们不是故意被创造出来的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史渊源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，所以这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一些食物的起源。故选D项。
B
My mother is the most important person in my life and she means the whole world to me. She was a nurse at Stony Brook University Hospital and she always took the night shift so that she could come home in time to drive me to school. She’d sleep during the day and be ready when I returned home before heading out again in the evening. This went on for 23 years. She never complained. No matter how tired she was, she always had enough energy to be my mom.
She often had to work on Christmas Christmas Eve or New Year’s Eve, and sometimes Thanksgiving, which made me upset. However, before holidays she always decorated the inside and outside of our house. She’d also have cookies baking in the oven, a holiday-themed movie in the VCR, and music playing throughout our house for me. But when it was time to go to work, there was no room for debate. “Why do you have to work on this day of all days?” I’d ask sadly. “They need me, too, dear son,” she’d respond, compassion in her tone.
For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. Recently, as my grandmother became ill, I found myself spending more time in hospitals. The scenes I saw in the hospital made me see the different side of my mother. The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient.
What I saw helped me to understand why my mother was devoted to her occupation. I was filled with more admiration for my mother.
4. Why did the author’s mother work at night?
A. To earn more money. B. To take care of her kid.
C. To sleep during the day. D. To attend school in time.
5. What made the author annoyed?
A. Spending holidays in the hospital. B. Too much housework during holidays.
C His mother’s absence at holiday nights. D. His mother’s concern about her patients.
6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. How the author came to understand his mother. B. What qualities are required to be a good nurse.
C. How challenging it is to work as a nurse. D. Why the author’s mother loved her work.
7. Which of the following may best describe the author’s mother?
A. Hardworking and cautious. B. Devoted and humorous.
C. Loving and responsible. D. Patient and ambitious.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲是一个护士，每天工作繁忙，甚至节假日也不在家，作者对此感到烦恼，直到作者的祖母生病，作者看到护士在医院是如何工作的，才逐渐理解了母亲，对母亲投身于自己的工作充满了更多的敬佩。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“She was a nurse at Stony Brook University Hospital and she always took the night shift so that she could come home in time to drive me to school. She’d sleep during the day and be ready when I returned home before heading out again in the evening. This went on for 23 years.(她是石溪大学医院的护士。她总是上夜班这样她就能及时回家送我去学校。她会在白天睡觉，在我回到家的时候做好准备，然后在晚上再次出门。这种情况持续了23年)”可知，作者的母亲在晚上工作是为了照顾她的孩子。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“She often had to work on Christmas, Christmas Eve or New Year’s Eve, and sometimes Thanksgiving, which made me upset.(她经常要在圣诞节、圣诞前夜或新年前夜工作，有时还要在感恩节工作，这让我很烦恼)”可知，他母亲在假日的晚上也不在，这让作者烦恼。故选C。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. Recently, as my grandmother became ill, I found myself spending more time in hospitals. The scenes I saw in the hospital made me see the different side of my mother. The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient. (很长一段时间我都不明白她为什么要那么关心那些生病的陌生人。最近，由于我的祖母生病了，我发现自己在医院里花了更多的时间。我在医院看到的那些场景让我看到了母亲的另一面。护士们检查了心脏、血液和氧气水平，确保病人感到舒适。他们把病人抬进抬出床，扶他们上厕所。在职责之外，护士们对每个病人都很关心)”可知，第三段主要讲了作者是如何开始理解他的母亲的。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. (很长一段时间我都不明白她为什么要那么关心那些生病的陌生人)”以及“The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient.(护士们检查了心脏、血液和氧气水平，确保病人感到舒适。他们把病人抬进抬出床，扶他们上厕所。在职责之外，护士们对每个病人都很关心)”可推知，作者的母亲是个有爱心和负责任的人。故选C。
C
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
8. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
9. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A. When they take decision shortcuts.
B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make.
D. When they help others to make decisions.
10. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A. They avoid trying anything new.
B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions.
D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
11. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A. It will enable people to be more creative.
B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
D
A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February. At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives. Erdogan declared a three-month state of emergency in 10 southern provinces. Flags were lowered to half-staff as the country observed seven days of national mourning. He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.
How big is a 7.8 quake on the local magnitude scale? The number attributed to an earthquake represents a combination of the distance the fault line (断层) has moved and the force that moved it. A quake of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments. Quakes of up to five are felt and cause minor damage. An earthquake at 7.8 is classified as major and usually causes serious damage, as it has in this instance. Anything above 8 causes catastrophic damage and can totally destroy communities at its centre. While the magnitude of an earthquake denotes (表示) its size and strength, the potential damage caused by a quake is also determined by its depth (the shallower the quake, the more damaging) and its proximity to population centers.
Turkey is in an active earthquake zone. Most of Turkey sits on the Anatolian plate between two major faults: the North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault. “Turkey is moving west about 2 centimeters per year along the East Anatolian Fault,” says David Rothery, a geoscientist. “Half the length of this fault is lit up now with earthquakes.” he adds.
The horror of the near-instantaneous destruction raises a question: why didn’t anyone know the earthquake was coming? The answer is tricky. Although scientists can predict disasters like hurricanes or floods, they cannot yet do the same with earthquakes. Earthquakes account for nearly half of all deaths from natural disasters over almost two decades, according to the World Health Organization. Many geologists say it’s nearly impossible to perfectly predict an earthquake, given the sheer complexity of analyzing the entirety of the planet’s crust(外壳).
12. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The two countries affected by the earthquake.
B. The background information of Turkey’s earthquake.
C. People’s response to Turkey’s earthquake.
D. The effects of Turkey’s earthquake.
13. What do the underlined words “lit up” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Brightened. B. Activated.
C. Relieved. D. Worsened.
14. What can we learn about earthquake from the passage?
A. Turkey is moving west about 2m along the East Anatolian Fault yearly.
B. We usually cannot feel a magnitude-2.0 earthquake.
C. A magnitude-7.0 earthquake can totally destroy cities at its centre.
D. Earthquakes account for nearly half of all deaths in the world over almost two decades.
15 What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A personal story.
C. A diary entry. D. A scientific report.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生了7.8地震，造成很多人伤亡，同时还科普了地震相关的知识。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February.(2月6日凌晨，土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生7.8级地震)”可知，2月6日土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生了7.8级地震，并结合下文“At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives.(据了解，至少有4.1万人丧生)”以及“He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.(他说，这个国家8500万人口中有1300万人在某种程度上受到了这场灾难的影响)”可知，至少在地震中有至少41,000死亡，8500万人中有1300万人受到不同程度的影响。由此可知，第一段主要讲述的是土耳其地震的影响。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Most of Turkey sits on the Anatolian plate between two major faults: the North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault. “Turkey is moving west about 2 centimeters per year along the East Anatolian Fault,” says David Rothery, a geoscientist.(土耳其大部分地区位于安纳托利亚板块上，位于两个主要断层之间:北安纳托利亚断层和东安纳托利亚断层。“土耳其正沿着东安纳托利亚断层以每年2厘米的速度向西移动，”地球科学家David Rothery说)”可知，David Rothery认为土耳其位于地震带上并“有一半的”且每年以2厘米的速度沿着东安纳托利亚断层向西移动。由此可知， Half the length of this fault指的是东安纳托利亚断层的一半都被地震“激活”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A quake of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments.(2.5级或更低的地震通常感觉不到，但可以通过仪器检测到)”可知，2.5级及以下的地震是不会被感觉到的，所以2级地震也不会被感觉到。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段“A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February. At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives. Erdogan declared a three-month state of emergency in 10 southern provinces. Flags were lowered to half-staff as the country observed seven days of national mourning. He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.( 2月6日凌晨，土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生7.8级地震。据了解，至少有4.1万人丧生。埃尔多安宣布南部10个省份进入为期三个月的紧急状态。在为期七天的全国哀悼日，全国降半旗。他说，这个国家8500万人口中有1300万人在某种程度上受到了这场灾难的影响)”可知，本文开门见山指出土耳其发生了7.8级地震，并介绍了这次地震的伤亡和影响以及政府对此采取的措施，并在下文中科普了一下地震的相关知识。由此推知，本文属于一篇新闻报道。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your immune system is the body’s personal army. ____16____ A healthy immune system can defeat invading disease-causing germs(病菌), such as bacteria, viruses, parasites-as well as cancer cells-while protecting healthy tissue.
____17____ The body’s natural barriers against disease-causing germs-for example, our skin, the hairs in our nose, and the acid in our stomachs-are part of our innate immune systems. Innate immunity is the immune system that you inherit and it’s active as soon as you’re born. ____18____ Instead, it attacks broadly, which is why it is unable to get rid of all germs.
The immune system also learns things-this is called adaptive immunity. When your immune system is exposed to a new germ for the first time, it responds by trying to fight it off-which means you may become sick. ____19____
Experience makes your immune system stronger. The first time your body comes into contact with a certain type of germ, your immune system response may take a while. You might need several days to make and use all the germ-fighting parts you need to get rid of your infection. It takes time to hack the germ’s code and destroy it. ____20____ Mission accomplished!
A. It does not recognize specific bacteria or viruses.
B. It releases white blood cells and other chemicals that destroy these threats.
C. It is a vast and complex interconnected network of many different organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness.
D. The main feature of the innate immune system is to respond quickly, which can lead to fever.
E. But afterward, the immune cells will remember the invader and be better equipped to fight it, should it return.
F The system has two types of response: innate(先天性反应) and adaptive.
G. If you come across that same germ later on, your body will remember and fight it off faster, so you can get over the infection and feel better.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要简要介绍了人体的免疫系统的类型和功能。
【16题详解】
根据空前的“Your immune system is the body’s personal army.(你的免疫系统是身体的私人军队。)”以及空后的“A healthy immune system can defeat invading disease-causing germs(病菌), such as bacteria, viruses, parasites-as well as cancer cells-while protecting healthy tissue.(一个健康的免疫系统可以在保护健康组织的同时，击败细菌、病毒、寄生虫等入侵的致病细菌。)”可知，本段主要对人体免疫系统的一个总体介绍，C选项“It is a vast and complex interconnected network of many different organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness.(它是由许多不同的器官、细胞和蛋白质组成的庞大而复杂的相互联系的网络，共同保护身体免受疾病的侵害。)”讲述的是免疫系统的进一步解释，其中it指代的内容为空前的Your immune system，且承接了下文健康免疫系统的介绍。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析语篇可知，此空处为本段的主题句，根据空后的“The body’s natural barriers against disease-causing germs-for example, our skin, the hairs in our nose, and the acid in our stomachs-are part of our innate immune systems.(人体抵御致病细菌的天然屏障——例如，我们的皮肤、鼻子上的毛发和胃酸——是我们先天免疫系统的一部分。)”以及“The immune system also learns things-this is called adaptive immunity.(免疫系统也会学习一些东西，这被称为适应性免疫。)”可知，人类的免疫系统有两种类型，一种是先天的免疫系统和适应性免疫，F选项“The system has two types of response: innate(先天性反应) and adaptive.(该系统有两种类型的响应：先天响应和自适应响应。)”概括了免疫系统的类型，与空后讲述的内容吻合。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据空后“Instead, it attacks broadly, which is why it is unable to get rid of all germs.(相反，它的攻击范围很广，这就是为什么它不能清除所有的细菌。)”中的Instead可知，此空处的内容与空后的内容相反，此处介绍的是先天免疫系统攻击范围广泛，由此可知，空前内容与免疫系统的攻击内容相关，A选项“It does not recognize specific bacteria or viruses(它不能识别特定的细菌或病毒)”可知，先天免疫系统不会识别特地的细菌和病毒，与空后内容相关，且逻辑合理。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“When your immune system is exposed to a new germ for the first time, it responds by trying to fight it off—which means you may become sick.(当你的免疫系统第一次接触到一种新的细菌时，它的反应是试图击退它——这意味着你可能会生病。)”可知，此处讲述的是后天免疫系统遇到新的细菌后免疫系统是如何工作的，E选项“But afterward, the immune cells will remember the invader and be better equipped to fight it, should it return.(但之后，免疫细胞会记住入侵者，并更好地准备好对抗它，如果它回来的话。)”讲述的是如果新细菌再次返回时，免疫系统就会记住并更好的战斗，内容与空前内容吻合，且与空前内容中的“which means you may become sick”构成转折关系。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Experience makes your immune system stronger.(经验使你的免疫系统更强大。)”可知，本段讲述的是经验使免疫系统变得更强大，根据空前的“It takes time to hack the germ’s code and destroy it.(破解细菌密码并摧毁它需要时间。)”可知，免疫系统需要花费时间破解病毒代码并破坏它，结合空后的“Mission accomplished!(任务完成！)”可知，免疫系统的任务完成，由此可推断，此空处讲述的内容应为免疫系统在完成工作前的过程，G选项“If you come across that same germ later on, your body will remember and fight it off faster, so you can get over the infection and feel better.(如果你后来遇到了同样的细菌，你的身体会记住并更快地抵抗它，所以你可以克服感染，感觉更好。)”可知，免疫系统遇到同种细菌后能迅速做出回应，克服感染，让你感觉好一些，这是经验是免疫系统强大的体现，与本段的主题内容吻合，且衔接空后的内容。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My wife, Hannah, and I don’t usually keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my ____21____ with glioblastoma, a terminal brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green around.
At this moment, my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant in a deep-green pottery bowl. I told Hannah I wanted to ____22____ the plant myself. When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all its leaves, I was pleasantly ____23____.
Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time when I sometimes felt ____24____. Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people. Gliblastoma ____25____ my ability to walk, and the treatment left me exhausted, making it hard for me to ____26____ everyday tasks. As a family physician, I was used to being the one who provided care, not the one who ____27____ it.
____28____, mysteriously, the plant began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. I grew more and more frustrated and uneasy.
“I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “I’m failing. If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”
“But you are ____29____ the life of the plant, yourself and even the people who have cared for and _____30_____ you. That really matters.” Hannah said.
Suddenly, I realized that _____31_____ the plant, as small an act as it was, connected me to my old _____32_____ and taught me I could still be a caregiver. Plants and people could still depend on me. As my anxiety _____33_____, I began to look for online instructions to _____34_____ the tree to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow. When it was back in the sunny window, we both began to _____35_____ again.
21. A. notice B. prediction C. diagnosis D. declare
22. A. care for B. turn back C. take care D. check out
23. A. pleased B. excited C. worried D. surprised
24. A. useless B. tireless C. doubtful D. patient
25. A. removed B. found C. limited D. required
26. A. arrange B. accomplish C. record D. cancel
27. A. withdraw B. receive C. donate D. appreciate
28. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
29. A. fighting for B. trying out for C. setting out for D. making up for
30. A. understood B. missed C. abandoned D. supported
31. A. nurturing B. decorating C. observing D. guarding
32. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
33. A. lessened B. worsened C. increased D. calmed
34. A. transport B. transplant C. transform D. translate
35. A. change B. sicken C. flourish D. fade
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者患癌症后照顾幸运竹的经历让作者感到自己仍然是个照顾者。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我被诊断为胶质母细胞瘤(一种晚期脑癌)后，我喜欢在周围发现一些新的绿色的东西。A. notice通知；B. prediction预测；C. diagnosis诊断D. declare。根据下文中的“Since my diagnosis”可知，此处指的是“诊断”。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我告诉汉娜我想亲自照料这株植物。A. care for照顾；B. turn back阻碍；C. take care照顾，照料；D. check out结账离开。根据下文中的“Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time when I sometimes felt ____4____ .”可知，此处指的是作者自己想“照料”幸运竹，take care of“照顾……”，接宾语加介词of。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它没有立即变黄或变棕，也没有掉光所有的叶子时，我感到非常惊喜。A. pleased高兴的；B. excited兴奋的；C. worried担心的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文中的“Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered.”可知，作者不擅长绿植，结合上文中的“When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all its leaves”可知，作者看到竹子没有变黄或者变棕，也没有掉叶子，应该是感到“惊讶”符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我有时觉得自己一无是处的时候，照料这株植物给了我一种成就感。A. useless无用的；B. tireless不知疲倦的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. patient耐心的。根据语境以及上文中的“Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time”可知，在作者自己觉得“无用的”时候，照顾植物会给作者成就感。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：胶质母细胞瘤限制了我的行走能力，治疗使我精疲力竭，使我难以完成日常任务。A. removed清晰除；B. found发现；C. limited限制；D. required要求。根据上文中的“Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people.”可知，作者自确诊以来，不得不依赖别人，所以此处指的是“限制”了作者的行走能力。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：胶质母细胞瘤限制了我的行走能力，治疗使我精疲力竭，使我难以完成日常任务。A. arrange安排；B. accomplish实现，完成；C. record记录；D. cancel取消。根据上文中的“Gliblastoma ____5____ my ability to walk, and the treatment left me exhausted,”可知，癌症限制作者的行走能力，治疗使得作者精疲力竭，由此推断，此处指的是这一切使得作者“完成”每天的任务都很难。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名家庭医生，我习惯了提供护理，而不是接受护理。A. withdraw撤退；B. receive收到；C. donate捐赠；D. appreciate感激。根据上文中的“I was used to being the one who provided care”以及not可知，作者觉得自己作者为家庭医生应该是提供护理而不是“接受”护理。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，难以理解地是，植物开始显示出压力的迹象。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则，要不然；D. However然而。根据句意以及上文中描述的作者的现状和mysteriously可知，此处表示“然而”符合语境。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“但你是在为植物的生命、为你自己，甚至为那些关心和支持你的人而奋斗。这真的很重要。”汉娜说。A. fighting for为……而战；B. trying out for尝试；C. setting out for动身；D. making up for弥补。根据下文中的“Plants and people could still depend on me.”可知，作者在妻子说完之后，认为植物和人仍需要他，所以此处指的是“为……战斗”符合语境。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但你是在为植物的生命、为你自己，甚至为那些关心和支持你的人而奋斗。这真的很重要。”汉娜说。A. understood理解；B. missed错过；C. abandoned放弃；D. supported支持。根据上文的“who have cared for”以及并列连词and可知，此空与and并列，所以“支持”符合语境。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我意识到培育这棵植物，尽管它是一个小小的行为，却把我和我以前的身份联系了起来，让我知道我仍然可以成为一个照顾者。A. nurturing培养，养育；B. decorating装饰；C. observing观察；D. guarding保卫。根据下文中的“and taught me I could still be a caregiver.”可知，这件事教育作者他还是个照顾者，由此可知，此处指的是“培育，养育”符合语境。故选A项。
32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我意识到培育这棵植物，尽管它是一个小小的行为，却把我和我以前的身份联系了起来，让我知道我仍然可以成为一个照顾者。A. ability能力；B. belief相信；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文中的“I could still be a caregiver”以及上文中的“As a family physician”可知，此处指的是作者的“身份”联系起来。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始在网上寻找把这棵树移植到一个更大的花盆里的指导，解开它的根，给它生长的空间。A. lessened减少，减轻；B. worsened恶化；C. increased增加；D. calmed使冷静。根据下文中的“I began to look for online instructions to ____14____ the tree to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow.”可知，作者开始寻找照顾好幸运竹的办法，由此可推断，此处应是焦虑“减轻”了。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始在网上寻找把这棵树移植到一个更大的花盆里的指导，解开它的根，给它生长的空间。A. transport运输；B. transplant移植；C. transform转变；D. translate翻译。根据下文中的“to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow.”可知，作者是给幸运竹提供了更大的成长环境，由此可知，此处指的是“移植”到一个较大的花盆里。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它回到阳光明媚的窗口时，我们俩又开始茁壮成长了。A. change改变；B. sicken患病；C. flourish繁荣；D. fade退色，逐渐。根据语境以及上文中的“When it was back in the sunny window,”可知，作者从焦虑中走出来后开始精心照顾幸运竹，由此可推断，作者精神变好，当回到阳光明媚的窗口时，作者与幸运竹都“茁壮成长”符合语境。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Car registration plates are just a series of numbers and letters, right? Well, yes, but not for everyone.
France was the first country ____36____ (introduce) plates in 1893. Early number plates differed ____37____shape and size, and were made of lots of different materials, including iron and cardboard. In fact, it was not until 1957 ____38____ car producers and the governments agreed on standardized plates. ____39____ was first registered in the UK was A1. The letter “A” showed the number was from London, while the number “1” showed it was the first number issued. At the moment, number plates ____40____ (consist) of a sequence of letters and numbers are applied in the UK.
Different EU countries also use different arrangements of ____41____ (number) combined with letters, and ____42____ (they) systems have changed many times because these letter-number combinations keep running out. In the past decades, some number plates ____43____ (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. ____44____ (basic), numbers on the plates can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, “NVERLA8” means “Never Late”. And the most _____45_____ (expense) number ever was “M1” which a buyer has acquired for ￡331,000.
【答案】36. to introduce
37. in 38. that
39. What 40. consisting
41. numbers
42. their 43. have become
44. Basically
45. expensive
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车牌照的发展历史。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1893年，法国是第一个引进车牌的国家。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“was”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“country”前有“the first”修饰，空格处应用不定式作后置定语，“introduce”意为“引进”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，空格处填“to introduce”。故填to introduce。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：早期的车牌形状和大小不同，由许多不同的材料制成，包括铁和纸板。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“differ in…”，意为“在（某方面）不同”，空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。
【38题详解】
考查强调句。句意：事实上，直到1957年，汽车制造商和政府才就标准车牌达成一致。分析句子可知，句子为强调句，句式为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，被强调部分是时间状语“not until 1957”，空格处应用“that”。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：最早在英国注册的是A1。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在句中作主语，指物，没有选择范围，应用“what”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，由一系列字母和数字组成的车牌在英国使用。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“are applied”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“consist”意为“由……组成”，动词词性，“number plates”和“consist”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用“consist”的现在分词“consisting”作后置定语。故填consisting。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：不同的欧盟国家也使用不同的数字和字母的组合方式，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母-数字组合不断用完。根据句中“letters”和生活常识可知，构成车牌的数字不止一个，“number”意为“数字”，为可数名词，空格处应用“number”的复数形式“numbers”。故填numbers。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：不同的欧盟国家也使用不同的数字和字母的组合方式，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母-数字组合不断用完。分析句子可知，“systems”为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”为人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得非常有价值，特别是那些由单词拼写的车牌。根据句意和句中“In the past decades”可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，应用现在完成时，“number plates”与“have”连用，“become”意为“变得”，动词词性，过去分词为“become”。故填have become。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，车牌上的数字可以用来表示单词或单词的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处单词位于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，应用副词，作状语，用来修饰整个句子，“basic”意为“基本的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“basically”，意为“基本上”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Basically。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：而有史以来最昂贵的数字是“M1”，买家花了￡331,000购买了这个数字。分析句子可知，“number”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句中“￡331,000”可知，这个数字是昂贵的，“expense”意为“费用”，名词词性，“expensive”意为“昂贵的”，形容词词性。故填expensive。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。
内容包括：
1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅；
3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：敦煌莫高窟Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes 文化遗产cultural heritage
Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. The scenery there is really beautiful, but it is suffering from damages due to natural forces such as frequent sandstorms. What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken.
I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage. For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research. For another, it is likely to provide a source of tourism income, if maintained well.
So I hope the authorities can take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, such as raising people’s awareness by handing out leaflets on preserving cultural heritage. Besides, strict regulations should be made to fine spoilers. Planting more trees is also a good way to prevent sandstorms.
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。内容包括：1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；3. 你的建议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes（完成在敦煌莫高窟的旅行）；uch as frequent sandstorms（例如频繁的沙尘暴）；cultural heritage（文化遗产）；take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,（采取措施保护敦煌莫高窟）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken. 现在分词作伴随状语；I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage.此处it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语；For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research.句中which引导非限制性定语从句；另外，What’s worse, For one thing, For another, Besides,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was walking on the pavement when a bus racing by took me back to a memory of the priceless gift given by a complete stranger five years ago.
It was a warm March evening, and I’d just taken a seat on the bus that would take me home. It was nearly 6:00 p.m., but the bus was not yet full. A middle-aged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying. Not speaking to anyone in particular, she tearfully narrated her story. She had come to the city to visit her daughter. On the way to the terminal, a thief had snatched one of her bags. It had contained half of the money she’d brought with her. The other half was rolled in a handkerchief and hidden under her shirt, so she fortunately still had some money left. The driver and other passengers listened to her tale. After a few minutes, she stopped crying, removed some cheese bread from her bag, and began to eat, worry still knitting her brow.
An old man in worn clothes got on the bus. He sat in the seat directly in front of the woman.
After a few minutes, all seats were taken. The driver collected tickets and began asking us where we were getting off. When he came to the old man’s seat, he became suspicious and asked the old man whether he had any money. The old man admitted that he did not. He explained that he had spent all his money this morning when he’d accidentally got on the wrong bus and now he was trying to go home. Upon hearing this, the driver ordered the old man to get off the bus. The old man was almost in tears as he begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could get home before dark.
The woman seated behind the old man was also listening and observing the incident. When the bus driver raised his voice at the old man, she interfered, “Stop forcing him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home?”
“He doesn’t have any money!” the driver shouted.
“Well, that’s no reason to throw him off the bus,” she insisted.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Then she said, “How much is his fare?”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone stared surprisingly at the woman, who, just minutes before, had been crying over the money she’d lost.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Then she said, “How much is his fare?” The bus driver murmured the amount. “Fine,” said the woman. She reached inside her shirt, took out her remaining money, and handed the fares to the bus driver. “Here is his fare and mine. Just stop giving him a hard time.” The driver took the fares and went back to his seat to roll the bus out of the terminal. Then, the woman gave the old man who was constantly expressing his gratitude her cheese bread and a dollar.
Everyone stared surprisingly at the woman, who, just minutes before, had been crying over the money she’d lost. “It’s only money.” She added, “Everyone will get stuck in trouble occasionally.” She rolled the rest of the way home wearing a smile of peace and grace, and the money she’d lost earlier was forgotten. On the road of life, the help and smile of a stranger can lighten our loads and lift our spirits. That is the priceless gift during the journey.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事情节的发展为线索展开，讲述了作者一次坐公交车时，遇到一位妇女被盗，她很伤心地哭泣，一会儿又上来一位穿着破旧衣服的老人，因为没钱买票，公交车司机要求老人下车，老人恳求售票员让他坐这辆车，这样天黑前就可以到家了，但是司机不肯，丢钱的妇女伸出援手，帮老人支付了费用。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后她说：“他的车费是多少？ ”可知，第一段可描写妇女给他支付了车票后的一些举动。
②由第二段首句内容“每个人都惊讶地盯着这个女人，就在几分钟前，她还在为她失去的钱而哭泣。”可知，第二段可描写这位女士做了什么让大家惊讶，这位妇女又是怎么回应的。
2.续写线索：支付车费——司机举动——老人感谢——大家的感受——到站回家的神情——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回到座位：went back to his seat/return to his seat
②表达：express/convey/show
③困住：be stuck in/be trapped in
情绪类
①感激：expressing his gratitude/grateful
②平和：peace/quiet
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She reached inside her shirt, took out her remaining money, and handed the fares to the bus driver. （运用了and连接三个连续性动作，只需要在最后一个动词前使用and）
[高分句型2]. Then, the woman gave the old man who was constantly expressing his gratitude her cheese bread and a dollar. （由关系代词who引导的定语从句）
[高分句型3]. She rolled the rest of the way home wearing a smile of peace and grace, and the money she’d lost earlier was forgotten. （运用了现在分词短语作状语）
听力答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B
大庆铁人中学2021级高二学年下学期期中考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分150分，答题时间120分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When might the man’s train arrive?
A. At 7:00 pm. B. At 8:00 pm. C. At 9:00 pm.
2. What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Find a shelter. B. Fetch an umbrella. C. Hurry home.
3. What does the man probably do?
A. A salesman. B. An architect. C. A writer.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. How to make salad. B. Where to meet a friend.
C. What to bring for camping.
5. Which restaurant is closed on Mondays?
A. The Sun Pizzeria. B. The Huge Hamburger.
C. The Happy Dragon.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When will the woman go to the clinic?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday.
7. Who will the woman see?
A. Dr. Green. B. Dr. Smith. C. Dr. Jones.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the woman care most about the hotel?
A. Its location. B. Its size. C. Its price.
9. What is the woman going to do first?
A. Talk with her friends. B. Make a travel schedule.
C. Consult her parents.
10. Which month is it now probably?
A. May. B. June. C. July.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. When did the man first learn about Little Women?
A. In middle school. B. In high school. C. At college.
12. Which novel was written by Stephen Crane?
A. Little Women. B. Gone with the Wind. C. The Red Badge of Courage.
13. Why does the man suggest the woman give up Gone with the Wind?
A. It’s very long. B. It’s quite difficult. C. It’s too boring.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Which position is available now?
A. A kitchen hand. B. An assistant cook. C. A cleaner.
15. How often should the man work for the job?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
16. How much will the man get for the job?
A. $15 per hour. B. $18 per hour. C. $20 per hour.
17. What does the woman remind the man to do at last?
A. Offer a reference. B. Bring his passport. C. Fill in an application form.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which job did Winfrey do in high school?
A. A news reader. B. An entertainer. C. A broadcast journalist.
19. What do known women do in the programme?
A. Read famous females’ stories. B. Recommend books to listeners.
C. Listen to stories from famous books.
20. Which characteristic of Winfrey does the speaker stress?
A. Humor. B. Confidence. C. Bravery.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Seaweed is also used for making cheese.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air.
D. Bean curd dates back 2000 years in China .
2. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They are the results of complaints.
B. They were not created on purpose.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
3. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some foods .
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese.(豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结。这和制作奶酪的过程是一样的。)”可知，海藻也可以用来制作奶酪。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，这三种食物的共同点是：它们不是故意被创造出来的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史渊源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，所以这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一些食物的起源。故选D项。
B
My mother is the most important person in my life and she means the whole world to me. She was a nurse at Stony Brook University Hospital and she always took the night shift so that she could come home in time to drive me to school. She’d sleep during the day and be ready when I returned home before heading out again in the evening. This went on for 23 years. She never complained. No matter how tired she was, she always had enough energy to be my mom.
She often had to work on Christmas Christmas Eve or New Year’s Eve, and sometimes Thanksgiving, which made me upset. However, before holidays she always decorated the inside and outside of our house. She’d also have cookies baking in the oven, a holiday-themed movie in the VCR, and music playing throughout our house for me. But when it was time to go to work, there was no room for debate. “Why do you have to work on this day of all days?” I’d ask sadly. “They need me, too, dear son,” she’d respond, compassion in her tone.
For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. Recently, as my grandmother became ill, I found myself spending more time in hospitals. The scenes I saw in the hospital made me see the different side of my mother. The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient.
What I saw helped me to understand why my mother was devoted to her occupation. I was filled with more admiration for my mother.
4. Why did the author’s mother work at night?
A. To earn more money. B. To take care of her kid.
C. To sleep during the day. D. To attend school in time.
5. What made the author annoyed?
A. Spending holidays in the hospital. B. Too much housework during holidays.
C His mother’s absence at holiday nights. D. His mother’s concern about her patients.
6. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. How the author came to understand his mother. B. What qualities are required to be a good nurse.
C. How challenging it is to work as a nurse. D. Why the author’s mother loved her work.
7. Which of the following may best describe the author’s mother?
A. Hardworking and cautious. B. Devoted and humorous.
C. Loving and responsible. D. Patient and ambitious.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲是一个护士，每天工作繁忙，甚至节假日也不在家，作者对此感到烦恼，直到作者的祖母生病，作者看到护士在医院是如何工作的，才逐渐理解了母亲，对母亲投身于自己的工作充满了更多的敬佩。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“She was a nurse at Stony Brook University Hospital and she always took the night shift so that she could come home in time to drive me to school. She’d sleep during the day and be ready when I returned home before heading out again in the evening. This went on for 23 years.(她是石溪大学医院的护士。她总是上夜班这样她就能及时回家送我去学校。她会在白天睡觉，在我回到家的时候做好准备，然后在晚上再次出门。这种情况持续了23年)”可知，作者的母亲在晚上工作是为了照顾她的孩子。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“She often had to work on Christmas, Christmas Eve or New Year’s Eve, and sometimes Thanksgiving, which made me upset.(她经常要在圣诞节、圣诞前夜或新年前夜工作，有时还要在感恩节工作，这让我很烦恼)”可知，他母亲在假日的晚上也不在，这让作者烦恼。故选C。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. Recently, as my grandmother became ill, I found myself spending more time in hospitals. The scenes I saw in the hospital made me see the different side of my mother. The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient. (很长一段时间我都不明白她为什么要那么关心那些生病的陌生人。最近，由于我的祖母生病了，我发现自己在医院里花了更多的时间。我在医院看到的那些场景让我看到了母亲的另一面。护士们检查了心脏、血液和氧气水平，确保病人感到舒适。他们把病人抬进抬出床，扶他们上厕所。在职责之外，护士们对每个病人都很关心)”可知，第三段主要讲了作者是如何开始理解他的母亲的。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“For a long time I didn’t understand why she should care so much about those sick strangers. (很长一段时间我都不明白她为什么要那么关心那些生病的陌生人)”以及“The nurses checked heart, blood and oxygen levels, and made sure patients were comfortable. They lifted patients in and out of bed and helped them to the bathroom. Beyond their duties, the nurses displayed consideration for each patient.(护士们检查了心脏、血液和氧气水平，确保病人感到舒适。他们把病人抬进抬出床，扶他们上厕所。在职责之外，护士们对每个病人都很关心)”可推知，作者的母亲是个有爱心和负责任的人。故选C。
C
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
8. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A. They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B. They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C. They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D. They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
9. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A. When they take decision shortcuts.
B. When they have advisers to turn to.
C. When they have major decisions to make.
D. When they help others to make decisions.
10. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A. They avoid trying anything new.
B. They turn to physicians for advice.
C. They tend to make risky decisions.
D. They adopt a totally new perspective.
11. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A. It will enable people to be more creative.
B. It will more often than not end in regret.
C. It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D. It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
D
A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February. At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives. Erdogan declared a three-month state of emergency in 10 southern provinces. Flags were lowered to half-staff as the country observed seven days of national mourning. He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.
How big is a 7.8 quake on the local magnitude scale? The number attributed to an earthquake represents a combination of the distance the fault line (断层) has moved and the force that moved it. A quake of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments. Quakes of up to five are felt and cause minor damage. An earthquake at 7.8 is classified as major and usually causes serious damage, as it has in this instance. Anything above 8 causes catastrophic damage and can totally destroy communities at its centre. While the magnitude of an earthquake denotes (表示) its size and strength, the potential damage caused by a quake is also determined by its depth (the shallower the quake, the more damaging) and its proximity to population centers.
Turkey is in an active earthquake zone. Most of Turkey sits on the Anatolian plate between two major faults: the North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault. “Turkey is moving west about 2 centimeters per year along the East Anatolian Fault,” says David Rothery, a geoscientist. “Half the length of this fault is lit up now with earthquakes.” he adds.
The horror of the near-instantaneous destruction raises a question: why didn’t anyone know the earthquake was coming? The answer is tricky. Although scientists can predict disasters like hurricanes or floods, they cannot yet do the same with earthquakes. Earthquakes account for nearly half of all deaths from natural disasters over almost two decades, according to the World Health Organization. Many geologists say it’s nearly impossible to perfectly predict an earthquake, given the sheer complexity of analyzing the entirety of the planet’s crust(外壳).
12. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The two countries affected by the earthquake.
B. The background information of Turkey’s earthquake.
C. People’s response to Turkey’s earthquake.
D. The effects of Turkey’s earthquake.
13. What do the underlined words “lit up” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Brightened. B. Activated.
C. Relieved. D. Worsened.
14. What can we learn about earthquake from the passage?
A. Turkey is moving west about 2m along the East Anatolian Fault yearly.
B. We usually cannot feel a magnitude-2.0 earthquake.
C. A magnitude-7.0 earthquake can totally destroy cities at its centre.
D. Earthquakes account for nearly half of all deaths in the world over almost two decades.
15 What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A personal story.
C. A diary entry. D. A scientific report.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生了7.8地震，造成很多人伤亡，同时还科普了地震相关的知识。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February.(2月6日凌晨，土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生7.8级地震)”可知，2月6日土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生了7.8级地震，并结合下文“At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives.(据了解，至少有4.1万人丧生)”以及“He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.(他说，这个国家8500万人口中有1300万人在某种程度上受到了这场灾难的影响)”可知，至少在地震中有至少41,000死亡，8500万人中有1300万人受到不同程度的影响。由此可知，第一段主要讲述的是土耳其地震的影响。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Most of Turkey sits on the Anatolian plate between two major faults: the North Anatolian Fault and the East Anatolian Fault. “Turkey is moving west about 2 centimeters per year along the East Anatolian Fault,” says David Rothery, a geoscientist.(土耳其大部分地区位于安纳托利亚板块上，位于两个主要断层之间:北安纳托利亚断层和东安纳托利亚断层。“土耳其正沿着东安纳托利亚断层以每年2厘米的速度向西移动，”地球科学家David Rothery说)”可知，David Rothery认为土耳其位于地震带上并“有一半的”且每年以2厘米的速度沿着东安纳托利亚断层向西移动。由此可知， Half the length of this fault指的是东安纳托利亚断层的一半都被地震“激活”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A quake of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments.(2.5级或更低的地震通常感觉不到，但可以通过仪器检测到)”可知，2.5级及以下的地震是不会被感觉到的，所以2级地震也不会被感觉到。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段“A magnitude-7.8 earthquake hit southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria in the early hours of the morning of 6 February. At least 41,000 people are known to have lost their lives. Erdogan declared a three-month state of emergency in 10 southern provinces. Flags were lowered to half-staff as the country observed seven days of national mourning. He said 13 million of the country’s 85 million people were affected in some way by the disaster.( 2月6日凌晨，土耳其东南部和叙利亚部分地区发生7.8级地震。据了解，至少有4.1万人丧生。埃尔多安宣布南部10个省份进入为期三个月的紧急状态。在为期七天的全国哀悼日，全国降半旗。他说，这个国家8500万人口中有1300万人在某种程度上受到了这场灾难的影响)”可知，本文开门见山指出土耳其发生了7.8级地震，并介绍了这次地震的伤亡和影响以及政府对此采取的措施，并在下文中科普了一下地震的相关知识。由此推知，本文属于一篇新闻报道。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your immune system is the body’s personal army. ____16____ A healthy immune system can defeat invading disease-causing germs(病菌), such as bacteria, viruses, parasites-as well as cancer cells-while protecting healthy tissue.
____17____ The body’s natural barriers against disease-causing germs-for example, our skin, the hairs in our nose, and the acid in our stomachs-are part of our innate immune systems. Innate immunity is the immune system that you inherit and it’s active as soon as you’re born. ____18____ Instead, it attacks broadly, which is why it is unable to get rid of all germs.
The immune system also learns things-this is called adaptive immunity. When your immune system is exposed to a new germ for the first time, it responds by trying to fight it off-which means you may become sick. ____19____
Experience makes your immune system stronger. The first time your body comes into contact with a certain type of germ, your immune system response may take a while. You might need several days to make and use all the germ-fighting parts you need to get rid of your infection. It takes time to hack the germ’s code and destroy it. ____20____ Mission accomplished!
A. It does not recognize specific bacteria or viruses.
B. It releases white blood cells and other chemicals that destroy these threats.
C. It is a vast and complex interconnected network of many different organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness.
D. The main feature of the innate immune system is to respond quickly, which can lead to fever.
E. But afterward, the immune cells will remember the invader and be better equipped to fight it, should it return.
F The system has two types of response: innate(先天性反应) and adaptive.
G. If you come across that same germ later on, your body will remember and fight it off faster, so you can get over the infection and feel better.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要简要介绍了人体的免疫系统的类型和功能。
【16题详解】
根据空前的“Your immune system is the body’s personal army.(你的免疫系统是身体的私人军队。)”以及空后的“A healthy immune system can defeat invading disease-causing germs(病菌), such as bacteria, viruses, parasites-as well as cancer cells-while protecting healthy tissue.(一个健康的免疫系统可以在保护健康组织的同时，击败细菌、病毒、寄生虫等入侵的致病细菌。)”可知，本段主要对人体免疫系统的一个总体介绍，C选项“It is a vast and complex interconnected network of many different organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness.(它是由许多不同的器官、细胞和蛋白质组成的庞大而复杂的相互联系的网络，共同保护身体免受疾病的侵害。)”讲述的是免疫系统的进一步解释，其中it指代的内容为空前的Your immune system，且承接了下文健康免疫系统的介绍。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析语篇可知，此空处为本段的主题句，根据空后的“The body’s natural barriers against disease-causing germs-for example, our skin, the hairs in our nose, and the acid in our stomachs-are part of our innate immune systems.(人体抵御致病细菌的天然屏障——例如，我们的皮肤、鼻子上的毛发和胃酸——是我们先天免疫系统的一部分。)”以及“The immune system also learns things-this is called adaptive immunity.(免疫系统也会学习一些东西，这被称为适应性免疫。)”可知，人类的免疫系统有两种类型，一种是先天的免疫系统和适应性免疫，F选项“The system has two types of response: innate(先天性反应) and adaptive.(该系统有两种类型的响应：先天响应和自适应响应。)”概括了免疫系统的类型，与空后讲述的内容吻合。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据空后“Instead, it attacks broadly, which is why it is unable to get rid of all germs.(相反，它的攻击范围很广，这就是为什么它不能清除所有的细菌。)”中的Instead可知，此空处的内容与空后的内容相反，此处介绍的是先天免疫系统攻击范围广泛，由此可知，空前内容与免疫系统的攻击内容相关，A选项“It does not recognize specific bacteria or viruses(它不能识别特定的细菌或病毒)”可知，先天免疫系统不会识别特地的细菌和病毒，与空后内容相关，且逻辑合理。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“When your immune system is exposed to a new germ for the first time, it responds by trying to fight it off—which means you may become sick.(当你的免疫系统第一次接触到一种新的细菌时，它的反应是试图击退它——这意味着你可能会生病。)”可知，此处讲述的是后天免疫系统遇到新的细菌后免疫系统是如何工作的，E选项“But afterward, the immune cells will remember the invader and be better equipped to fight it, should it return.(但之后，免疫细胞会记住入侵者，并更好地准备好对抗它，如果它回来的话。)”讲述的是如果新细菌再次返回时，免疫系统就会记住并更好的战斗，内容与空前内容吻合，且与空前内容中的“which means you may become sick”构成转折关系。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Experience makes your immune system stronger.(经验使你的免疫系统更强大。)”可知，本段讲述的是经验使免疫系统变得更强大，根据空前的“It takes time to hack the germ’s code and destroy it.(破解细菌密码并摧毁它需要时间。)”可知，免疫系统需要花费时间破解病毒代码并破坏它，结合空后的“Mission accomplished!(任务完成！)”可知，免疫系统的任务完成，由此可推断，此空处讲述的内容应为免疫系统在完成工作前的过程，G选项“If you come across that same germ later on, your body will remember and fight it off faster, so you can get over the infection and feel better.(如果你后来遇到了同样的细菌，你的身体会记住并更快地抵抗它，所以你可以克服感染，感觉更好。)”可知，免疫系统遇到同种细菌后能迅速做出回应，克服感染，让你感觉好一些，这是经验是免疫系统强大的体现，与本段的主题内容吻合，且衔接空后的内容。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My wife, Hannah, and I don’t usually keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my ____21____ with glioblastoma, a terminal brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something new and green around.
At this moment, my friend Mitch gave me what he said was a lucky bamboo plant in a deep-green pottery bowl. I told Hannah I wanted to ____22____ the plant myself. When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all its leaves, I was pleasantly ____23____.
Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time when I sometimes felt ____24____. Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people. Gliblastoma ____25____ my ability to walk, and the treatment left me exhausted, making it hard for me to ____26____ everyday tasks. As a family physician, I was used to being the one who provided care, not the one who ____27____ it.
____28____, mysteriously, the plant began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept browning and dropping to the floor. I grew more and more frustrated and uneasy.
“I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “I’m failing. If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”
“But you are ____29____ the life of the plant, yourself and even the people who have cared for and _____30_____ you. That really matters.” Hannah said.
Suddenly, I realized that _____31_____ the plant, as small an act as it was, connected me to my old _____32_____ and taught me I could still be a caregiver. Plants and people could still depend on me. As my anxiety _____33_____, I began to look for online instructions to _____34_____ the tree to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow. When it was back in the sunny window, we both began to _____35_____ again.
21. A. notice B. prediction C. diagnosis D. declare
22. A. care for B. turn back C. take care D. check out
23. A. pleased B. excited C. worried D. surprised
24. A. useless B. tireless C. doubtful D. patient
25. A. removed B. found C. limited D. required
26. A. arrange B. accomplish C. record D. cancel
27. A. withdraw B. receive C. donate D. appreciate
28. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
29. A. fighting for B. trying out for C. setting out for D. making up for
30. A. understood B. missed C. abandoned D. supported
31. A. nurturing B. decorating C. observing D. guarding
32. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
33. A. lessened B. worsened C. increased D. calmed
34. A. transport B. transplant C. transform D. translate
35. A. change B. sicken C. flourish D. fade
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者患癌症后照顾幸运竹的经历让作者感到自己仍然是个照顾者。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在我被诊断为胶质母细胞瘤(一种晚期脑癌)后，我喜欢在周围发现一些新的绿色的东西。A. notice通知；B. prediction预测；C. diagnosis诊断D. declare。根据下文中的“Since my diagnosis”可知，此处指的是“诊断”。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我告诉汉娜我想亲自照料这株植物。A. care for照顾；B. turn back阻碍；C. take care照顾，照料；D. check out结账离开。根据下文中的“Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time when I sometimes felt ____4____ .”可知，此处指的是作者自己想“照料”幸运竹，take care of“照顾……”，接宾语加介词of。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它没有立即变黄或变棕，也没有掉光所有的叶子时，我感到非常惊喜。A. pleased高兴的；B. excited兴奋的；C. worried担心的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文中的“Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered.”可知，作者不擅长绿植，结合上文中的“When it didn’t immediately turn yellow or brown or lose all its leaves”可知，作者看到竹子没有变黄或者变棕，也没有掉叶子，应该是感到“惊讶”符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我有时觉得自己一无是处的时候，照料这株植物给了我一种成就感。A. useless无用的；B. tireless不知疲倦的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. patient耐心的。根据语境以及上文中的“Tending to the plant gave me a sense of accomplishment at a time”可知，在作者自己觉得“无用的”时候，照顾植物会给作者成就感。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：胶质母细胞瘤限制了我的行走能力，治疗使我精疲力竭，使我难以完成日常任务。A. removed清晰除；B. found发现；C. limited限制；D. required要求。根据上文中的“Since my diagnosis, I had to rely on help from other people.”可知，作者自确诊以来，不得不依赖别人，所以此处指的是“限制”了作者的行走能力。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：胶质母细胞瘤限制了我的行走能力，治疗使我精疲力竭，使我难以完成日常任务。A. arrange安排；B. accomplish实现，完成；C. record记录；D. cancel取消。根据上文中的“Gliblastoma ____5____ my ability to walk, and the treatment left me exhausted,”可知，癌症限制作者的行走能力，治疗使得作者精疲力竭，由此推断，此处指的是这一切使得作者“完成”每天的任务都很难。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名家庭医生，我习惯了提供护理，而不是接受护理。A. withdraw撤退；B. receive收到；C. donate捐赠；D. appreciate感激。根据上文中的“I was used to being the one who provided care”以及not可知，作者觉得自己作者为家庭医生应该是提供护理而不是“接受”护理。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，难以理解地是，植物开始显示出压力的迹象。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则，要不然；D. However然而。根据句意以及上文中描述的作者的现状和mysteriously可知，此处表示“然而”符合语境。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“但你是在为植物的生命、为你自己，甚至为那些关心和支持你的人而奋斗。这真的很重要。”汉娜说。A. fighting for为……而战；B. trying out for尝试；C. setting out for动身；D. making up for弥补。根据下文中的“Plants and people could still depend on me.”可知，作者在妻子说完之后，认为植物和人仍需要他，所以此处指的是“为……战斗”符合语境。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但你是在为植物的生命、为你自己，甚至为那些关心和支持你的人而奋斗。这真的很重要。”汉娜说。A. understood理解；B. missed错过；C. abandoned放弃；D. supported支持。根据上文的“who have cared for”以及并列连词and可知，此空与and并列，所以“支持”符合语境。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我意识到培育这棵植物，尽管它是一个小小的行为，却把我和我以前的身份联系了起来，让我知道我仍然可以成为一个照顾者。A. nurturing培养，养育；B. decorating装饰；C. observing观察；D. guarding保卫。根据下文中的“and taught me I could still be a caregiver.”可知，这件事教育作者他还是个照顾者，由此可知，此处指的是“培育，养育”符合语境。故选A项。
32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我意识到培育这棵植物，尽管它是一个小小的行为，却把我和我以前的身份联系了起来，让我知道我仍然可以成为一个照顾者。A. ability能力；B. belief相信；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文中的“I could still be a caregiver”以及上文中的“As a family physician”可知，此处指的是作者的“身份”联系起来。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始在网上寻找把这棵树移植到一个更大的花盆里的指导，解开它的根，给它生长的空间。A. lessened减少，减轻；B. worsened恶化；C. increased增加；D. calmed使冷静。根据下文中的“I began to look for online instructions to ____14____ the tree to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow.”可知，作者开始寻找照顾好幸运竹的办法，由此可推断，此处应是焦虑“减轻”了。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始在网上寻找把这棵树移植到一个更大的花盆里的指导，解开它的根，给它生长的空间。A. transport运输；B. transplant移植；C. transform转变；D. translate翻译。根据下文中的“to a larger pot, untangling its roots to give it room to grow.”可知，作者是给幸运竹提供了更大的成长环境，由此可知，此处指的是“移植”到一个较大的花盆里。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它回到阳光明媚的窗口时，我们俩又开始茁壮成长了。A. change改变；B. sicken患病；C. flourish繁荣；D. fade退色，逐渐。根据语境以及上文中的“When it was back in the sunny window,”可知，作者从焦虑中走出来后开始精心照顾幸运竹，由此可推断，作者精神变好，当回到阳光明媚的窗口时，作者与幸运竹都“茁壮成长”符合语境。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Car registration plates are just a series of numbers and letters, right? Well, yes, but not for everyone.
France was the first country ____36____ (introduce) plates in 1893. Early number plates differed ____37____shape and size, and were made of lots of different materials, including iron and cardboard. In fact, it was not until 1957 ____38____ car producers and the governments agreed on standardized plates. ____39____ was first registered in the UK was A1. The letter “A” showed the number was from London, while the number “1” showed it was the first number issued. At the moment, number plates ____40____ (consist) of a sequence of letters and numbers are applied in the UK.
Different EU countries also use different arrangements of ____41____ (number) combined with letters, and ____42____ (they) systems have changed many times because these letter-number combinations keep running out. In the past decades, some number plates ____43____ (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. ____44____ (basic), numbers on the plates can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, “NVERLA8” means “Never Late”. And the most _____45_____ (expense) number ever was “M1” which a buyer has acquired for ￡331,000.
【答案】36. to introduce
37. in 38. that
39. What 40. consisting
41. numbers
42. their 43. have become
44. Basically
45. expensive
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车牌照的发展历史。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1893年，法国是第一个引进车牌的国家。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“was”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“country”前有“the first”修饰，空格处应用不定式作后置定语，“introduce”意为“引进”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，空格处填“to introduce”。故填to introduce。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：早期的车牌形状和大小不同，由许多不同的材料制成，包括铁和纸板。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“differ in…”，意为“在（某方面）不同”，空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。
【38题详解】
考查强调句。句意：事实上，直到1957年，汽车制造商和政府才就标准车牌达成一致。分析句子可知，句子为强调句，句式为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分”，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，被强调部分是时间状语“not until 1957”，空格处应用“that”。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：最早在英国注册的是A1。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在句中作主语，指物，没有选择范围，应用“what”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，由一系列字母和数字组成的车牌在英国使用。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“are applied”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“consist”意为“由……组成”，动词词性，“number plates”和“consist”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用“consist”的现在分词“consisting”作后置定语。故填consisting。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：不同的欧盟国家也使用不同的数字和字母的组合方式，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母-数字组合不断用完。根据句中“letters”和生活常识可知，构成车牌的数字不止一个，“number”意为“数字”，为可数名词，空格处应用“number”的复数形式“numbers”。故填numbers。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：不同的欧盟国家也使用不同的数字和字母的组合方式，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母-数字组合不断用完。分析句子可知，“systems”为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”为人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得非常有价值，特别是那些由单词拼写的车牌。根据句意和句中“In the past decades”可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，应用现在完成时，“number plates”与“have”连用，“become”意为“变得”，动词词性，过去分词为“become”。故填have become。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，车牌上的数字可以用来表示单词或单词的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处单词位于句首，用逗号与句子其他部分隔开，应用副词，作状语，用来修饰整个句子，“basic”意为“基本的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“basically”，意为“基本上”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Basically。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：而有史以来最昂贵的数字是“M1”，买家花了￡331,000购买了这个数字。分析句子可知，“number”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句中“￡331,000”可知，这个数字是昂贵的，“expense”意为“费用”，名词词性，“expensive”意为“昂贵的”，形容词词性。故填expensive。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。
内容包括：
1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅；
3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：敦煌莫高窟Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes 文化遗产cultural heritage
Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. The scenery there is really beautiful, but it is suffering from damages due to natural forces such as frequent sandstorms. What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken.
I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage. For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research. For another, it is likely to provide a source of tourism income, if maintained well.
So I hope the authorities can take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, such as raising people’s awareness by handing out leaflets on preserving cultural heritage. Besides, strict regulations should be made to fine spoilers. Planting more trees is also a good way to prevent sandstorms.
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。内容包括：1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；3. 你的建议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes（完成在敦煌莫高窟的旅行）；uch as frequent sandstorms（例如频繁的沙尘暴）；cultural heritage（文化遗产）；take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,（采取措施保护敦煌莫高窟）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken. 现在分词作伴随状语；I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage.此处it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语；For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research.句中which引导非限制性定语从句；另外，What’s worse, For one thing, For another, Besides,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was walking on the pavement when a bus racing by took me back to a memory of the priceless gift given by a complete stranger five years ago.
It was a warm March evening, and I’d just taken a seat on the bus that would take me home. It was nearly 6:00 p.m., but the bus was not yet full. A middle-aged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying. Not speaking to anyone in particular, she tearfully narrated her story. She had come to the city to visit her daughter. On the way to the terminal, a thief had snatched one of her bags. It had contained half of the money she’d brought with her. The other half was rolled in a handkerchief and hidden under her shirt, so she fortunately still had some money left. The driver and other passengers listened to her tale. After a few minutes, she stopped crying, removed some cheese bread from her bag, and began to eat, worry still knitting her brow.
An old man in worn clothes got on the bus. He sat in the seat directly in front of the woman.
After a few minutes, all seats were taken. The driver collected tickets and began asking us where we were getting off. When he came to the old man’s seat, he became suspicious and asked the old man whether he had any money. The old man admitted that he did not. He explained that he had spent all his money this morning when he’d accidentally got on the wrong bus and now he was trying to go home. Upon hearing this, the driver ordered the old man to get off the bus. The old man was almost in tears as he begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could get home before dark.
The woman seated behind the old man was also listening and observing the incident. When the bus driver raised his voice at the old man, she interfered, “Stop forcing him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home?”
“He doesn’t have any money!” the driver shouted.
“Well, that’s no reason to throw him off the bus,” she insisted.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Then she said, “How much is his fare?”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone stared surprisingly at the woman, who, just minutes before, had been crying over the money she’d lost.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Then she said, “How much is his fare?” The bus driver murmured the amount. “Fine,” said the woman. She reached inside her shirt, took out her remaining money, and handed the fares to the bus driver. “Here is his fare and mine. Just stop giving him a hard time.” The driver took the fares and went back to his seat to roll the bus out of the terminal. Then, the woman gave the old man who was constantly expressing his gratitude her cheese bread and a dollar.
Everyone stared surprisingly at the woman, who, just minutes before, had been crying over the money she’d lost. “It’s only money.” She added, “Everyone will get stuck in trouble occasionally.” She rolled the rest of the way home wearing a smile of peace and grace, and the money she’d lost earlier was forgotten. On the road of life, the help and smile of a stranger can lighten our loads and lift our spirits. That is the priceless gift during the journey.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事情节的发展为线索展开，讲述了作者一次坐公交车时，遇到一位妇女被盗，她很伤心地哭泣，一会儿又上来一位穿着破旧衣服的老人，因为没钱买票，公交车司机要求老人下车，老人恳求售票员让他坐这辆车，这样天黑前就可以到家了，但是司机不肯，丢钱的妇女伸出援手，帮老人支付了费用。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后她说：“他的车费是多少？ ”可知，第一段可描写妇女给他支付了车票后的一些举动。
②由第二段首句内容“每个人都惊讶地盯着这个女人，就在几分钟前，她还在为她失去的钱而哭泣。”可知，第二段可描写这位女士做了什么让大家惊讶，这位妇女又是怎么回应的。
2.续写线索：支付车费——司机举动——老人感谢——大家的感受——到站回家的神情——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回到座位：went back to his seat/return to his seat
②表达：express/convey/show
③困住：be stuck in/be trapped in
情绪类
①感激：expressing his gratitude/grateful
②平和：peace/quiet
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She reached inside her shirt, took out her remaining money, and handed the fares to the bus driver. （运用了and连接三个连续性动作，只需要在最后一个动词前使用and）
[高分句型2]. Then, the woman gave the old man who was constantly expressing his gratitude her cheese bread and a dollar. （由关系代词who引导的定语从句）
[高分句型3]. She rolled the rest of the way home wearing a smile of peace and grace, and the money she’d lost earlier was forgotten. （运用了现在分词短语作状语）
听力答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B
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