精品解析：广东省深圳市龙岗区人大附中深圳学校2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省深圳市龙岗区人大附中深圳学校2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题（解析版），共24页。
人大附中深圳学校2022-2023学年第一学期期末考试
高一年级 英语试卷
说明：本试卷有 4 道大题 57 道小题，共 12 页，考试用时 120 分钟，满分 130 分，请在答题卡上作答，选择题用2B铅笔填涂，要求把选项填黑填满，主观题用0.5黑色签字笔答题，主观题要答写在对应题框内，不在框内答题无效。
第一部分 语言知识(共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分 10 分)
阅读下列各题，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. It is announced that the 2023 Grammy Awards, originally scheduled for January 31st, have been ________ to March 14th due to concerns over the spread of COVID-19.
A. maintained B. illustrated C. preferred D. postponed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据宣布，原定于1月31日举行的2023年格莱美颁奖典礼，由于担心2019冠状病毒疾病的传播，将推迟到3月14日举行。A. maintained维持；B. illustrated解释；C. preferred偏爱；D. postponed推迟。根据句中originally scheduled for January 31st”及“to March 14th due to concerns over the spread of COVID-19可知，此处指由于担心2019冠状病毒疾病的传播，将原定于1月31日举行推迟到3月14日举行。故选D。
2. The number of people who own a car ________in the past 10 years.
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. increases
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去10年里，拥有汽车的人数有所增加。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由时间状语in the past 10 years可知应用现在完成时，句子主语为The number，谓语动词应用单数形式。故选C项。
3. The reason _____ he was late was ____ he missed the early bus.
A. which, that B. why, that C. for which, what D. why, because
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。分析句子可知，该句第一空为关系副词why引导的定语从句，先行词The reason在从句中作原因状语，该句第二空为连词that引导的表语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无实义。故选B项。
4. I keep a diary to ____ me of what I have experienced each day.
A. remind B. remember C. relieve D. recover
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我写日记是为了提醒自己每天所经历的事情。A. remind提醒；B. remember记得；C. relieve减轻；D. recover恢复。remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事/提醒某人某事。根据“what I have experienced each day.”可知，写日记的目的是提醒自己每天所经历的事情。故选A。
5. With Christmas ________ , people have been doing more shopping online.
A. observing B. settling C. appointing D. approaching
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着圣诞节的临近，人们在网上购物更多了。A. observing观察；B. settling解决，定居；C. appointing任命；D. approaching（在距离或时间上）靠近。根据句意可知，人们在网上购物更多了，是因为圣诞节临近了，“approach”意为“（在距离或时间上）靠近”符合句意，句子为“with的复合结构”作状语，“Christmas”与“approach”为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词“approaching”作宾补。故选D。
6. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation he was likely to lose control over his car.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他开得如此之快，以致于使自己陷入一种很可能失去对汽车控制的危险境地。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是situation，在从句中充当抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选A。
7. There was a hole in the wall, _________ you could see what was happening inside.
A. from which B. from that C. through which D. through that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：墙上有个洞，透过这个洞你可以看到里面发生的事情。分析句子，设空处引导的是介词+关系代词构成的非限制性定语从句，表示“透过，通过”应该使用介词through，引导词在从句作宾语，指代前文的the wall，应用which。两者结合，故用through which。故选C。
8. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
A. designed B. designing
C. to design D. being designed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选A。
9. _______ is known to us all is that China is a developing country ______ the Third World.
A. As; belong to B. It; belongs to
C. What; belonging to D. That; belonging to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。分析句式结构可知，第一空是主语从句，且从句子缺少主语，所以用what来引导；第二空是用非谓语动词中的现在分词短语作后置定语，故选C项。
10. Only when the police showed her the evidence ________ that she had stolen the money.
A. she admitted B. she had admitted
C. did she admit D. had she admitted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查特殊句式中的部分倒装。句意：只有当警察把证据给她看的时候，她才承认偷了钱。only置于句首，主句要用部分倒装，即be动词、情态动词、助动词放在主语前。时态要用一般过去时，故选C。
【点睛】当“only+状语”位于句首时，后面的句子要用部分倒装，其中only后的状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等。但在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。
第二部分 阅读理解(共 20小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Master Gardener Volunteers Wanted
Why Become a Master Gardener?
The Master Gardener program is an all-volunteer organization where you can develop your own leadership and teaching skills while teaching the younger youth about healthy eating, agriculture, and so on! Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural therapy (园艺疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production.
What Qualifications Must You Meet?
Anyone can apply to be a Master Gardener—you don’t need to be an expert or have a degree. You do, however, need to:
●Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management.
●Be willing to share horticulture information with others.
●Be willing to attend a training program and can devote time to volunteering and continuing education.
Besides, to become a Master Gardener volunteer, each applicant needs to complete an application, prepare background screening paperwork and schedule an interview with Extension staff.
What Does the Training Involve?
Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region. Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified. In order to remain a certified Master Gardener, 30 hours of volunteer work and 10 hours of continuing education or advanced training are required each year.
11. What does a Master Gardener do?
A. Help raise people’s quality of life by horticulture.
B. Teach the youth about diets and agriculture.
C. Promote horticultural practices at home.
D. Train volunteers to help with gardening.
12. What is required if you want to apply to be a Master Gardener?
A. Acquiring excellent teaching skills.
B. Having some relevant knowledge.
C. Completing given training sessions.
D. Obtaining rich volunteer experience.
13. How long will it take to become a qualified Master Gardener?
A. A year. B. Three months.
C. About 160 hours. D. About 120 hours.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一篇园艺大师志愿者的招聘广告。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural therapy (园艺疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production.(园艺大师通过帮助人们找到家庭和城市自然资源的合理管理方法，通过人与植物的互动和园艺治疗创造令人愉悦的环境，通过家庭水果和蔬菜生产促进安全、丰富的食物供应，使人们参与活动，以改善他们的总体福祉和全面的生活享受。)”可知，园艺大师通过园艺疗法帮助提高人们的生活质量，故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Qualifications Must You Meet?部分的“Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management.(对园艺或景观管理有一定经验或略知一二。)”可知，如果你想申请成为园艺大师，需要有一定的相关知识。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified.(大约需要60小时的课堂教学和实地研究以及60小时的志愿者实习工作才能完成该项目并获得认证。)”可知，成为一名合格的园艺师需要的时间是60h+60h=120h，故选D。
B
Every week, two converted blue buses packed with children’s books carefully drive along the streets of Kabul, avoiding areas where deadly explosions are common. These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, delivering a wealth of reading material directly to youngsters who have limited access to books.
“A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Freshta Karim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who was inspired to start Charmaghz, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand what we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.”
While for many people a bus or train journey presents a rare opportunity to get stuck into a book, in some cities public transport is being used as means of getting books to communities that need them most. Afghanistan, for example, has one of the world’s lowest literacy rates, with only three in 10 adults able to read, according to UNESCO. The majority of public schools in Kabul do not have libraries and the city’s libraries do not offer many children’s books. For Karim, buses were a cost-effective, efficient way to get books to children.
Charmarghz rents them from a state-owned bus company. “We go to nearby schools,” she says. “We try to stop inside communities rather than on the main streets where explosions often happen.”
The organization is funded by donations from local business and communities, and also rents a third bus that acts as a mobile cinema. Over 600 children visit the buses each day to read, socialise and play games. “They are often very excited,” she says. “Our biggest challenge is that so many children want to come inside the bus, but we can’t have all of them in one day.”
14. Why does Freshta Karim set up the organization?
A. To raise money for the poor. B. To recycle abandoned buses.
C. To build libraries for the local schools. D. To offer the children more reading opportunities.
15. What is special about Charmarghz?
A. It’s funded by UNESCO. B. It’s a state-owned organization.
C. It buys buses from a company. D. It aims to inspire critical thinking.
16. What is the most pressing problem for Charmarghz?
A. Deadly explosions. B. Poor public transport system.
C. Shortage of travelling libraries. D. Lack of support from the government.
17. Which of the following best describes Freshta Karim?
A. Caring and courageous. B. Humorous and ambitious.
C. Demanding and enthusiastic. D. Honest and hardworking.
【答案】14. D 15. D 16. C 17. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了27岁的牛津大学毕业生Freshta Karim在家乡创办了非营利组织Charmaghz，来为孩子们提供更多的阅读机会。阿富汗是世界上识字率最低的国家之一，喀布尔的大多数公立学校没有图书馆，对Karim来说，Charmaghz用巴士给孩子们送书是一种经济有效的方式。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, delivering a wealth of reading material directly to youngsters who have limited access to books.可知这些流动图书馆会在城市的不同地区的学校停留，直接为那些接触书籍不多的年轻人提供丰富的阅读材料。由此可知，Freshta Karim建立了这个组织，是为了给孩子们提供更多的阅读机会。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Freshta Karim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who was inspired to start Charmaghz, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand what we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.”可知“我们城市的很多学校都没有像图书馆这样的基础设施，”27岁的牛津大学毕业生Freshta Karim说，她在成长过程中没有很多书，受启发在家乡创办了非营利组织Charmaghz。“我们试图弄清楚我们能做些什么来促进我们国家的批判性思维。”由此可推知，Charmarghz特别之处在于，它的目的是激发批判性思维。故选D。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段The organization is funded by donations from local business and communities, and also rents a third bus that acts as a mobile cinema. Over 600 children visit the buses each day to read, socialise and play games. “They are often very excited,” she says. “Our biggest challenge is that so many children want to come inside the bus, but we can’t have all of them in one day.”可知该组织的资金来自当地企业和社区的捐赠，并租用了第三辆巴士作为移动电影院。每天有600多名儿童来巴士上阅读、社交和玩游戏。“他们通常非常兴奋，”她说。“我们最大的挑战是，这么多孩子想要进来，但我们不可能在一天之内让所有的孩子都进来。”由此可推知，Charmarghz最迫切的问题是缺少流动图书馆。故选C。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Freshta Karim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who was inspired to start Charmaghz, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand what we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.”可知“我们城市的很多学校都没有像图书馆这样的基础设施，”27岁的牛津大学毕业生Freshta Karim说，她在成长过程中没有很多书，受启发在家乡创办了非营利组织Charmaghz。可知Karim创办了非盈利组织来帮助那些没有书看的孩子们，说明Karim是个乐于助人的人；结合倒数第二段Charmarghz rents them from a state-owned bus company. “We go to nearby schools,” she says. “We try to stop inside communities rather than on the main streets where explosions often happen.”可知Charmarghz从一家国有公交公司租借。“我们去附近的学校，”她说。“我们尽量在社区内停车，而不是在经常发生爆炸的主要街道上。”可推知，Karim敢于在动荡不安的阿富汗创办让更多儿童读书的项目，说明Karim是个勇敢的人；由此可推知，Freshta Karim是一个乐于助人且勇敢的人。故选A。
C
Napping may be part of life for most of us. However, some countries where daytime naps have long been part of the culture, such as Spain, now discourage the habit. Meanwhile, some companies in the US now promote napping as a way to boost productivity. “It’s important to try to reveal the biological pathways that contribute to the reason why we nap,” says Dashti from Harvard Medical School.
Previously, co-senior author Richa Sexena at Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH) and he colleagues used many databases of genetic and lifestyle information to study other aspects of sleep. To gain a better understanding of the genetics of napping， they performed a genome(基因组)-wide association study (GWAS),which involves rapid scanning of complete sets of DNA of a large number of people.
For this study, the researchers used data from the UK Biobank,which includes genetic information from 452,633 people. All the participants were asked to clássify their naps during the day as “never/rarely”,“sometimes” or “usually”. The GWAS identified 123 regions in the human genome associated with daytime napping. Then the participants wore activity monitors called accelerometers,which can provide data about daytime napping. This data also showed that the self-reports about napping were accurate.
Several other features of this study bolster its results. For example,the researchers obtained similar findings in an analysis of the genomes of 541,333 people collected by 23andMe,a consumer genetic-testing company. Also, a significant number of the genes near or at regions identified by the GWAS are already known to play a role in sleep.
The team also identified at least three potential mechanisms that promote napping. Some people need more shut-eye than others. A daytime nap can help make up for poor-quality sleep the night before. People who rise early may “catch up” on sleep with a nap. “This tells us that daytime napping is biologically driven and not just an environmental or behavioral choice,” says Dshti. Some of these mechanisms are linked to health concerns, such as a large waistline and increased blood pressure, though more research on those associations is needed.
18. What did the researchers at MGH focus on in their new study?
A. The causes of long napping time.
B. The benefits of napping frequently.
C. The reasons behind the napping habit.
D. The genes contributing to poor sleeping quality.
19. Why did the researchers use the activity monitors?
A. To study the database more efficiently.
B. To find the cause of genetic variation.
C. To guarantee the accuracy of the self-reports.
D. To explore how the participants feel after the naps.
20. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Draw attention to.
B. Give support for.
C. Play a decisive role in.
D. Show different opinions on.
21. According to Dashti,what will the researchers study next?
A. The ways to help people sleep better.
B. The causes of and solutions to some health concerns.
C. The impact of environment on people’ s napping choice.
D. The connection between some health problems and the three mechanisms.
【答案】18. C 19. C 20. B 21. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员的的最新发现——人们白天午休的习惯和基因有关。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Previously, co-senior author Richa Sexena at Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH) and he colleagues used many databases of genetic and lifestyle information to study other aspects of sleep. To gain a better understanding of the genetics of napping， they performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS)， which involves rapid scanning of complete sets of DNA of a large number of people.(此前，马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的共同资深作者Richa Sexena和他的同事使用了许多基因和生活方式信息数据库来研究睡眠的其他方面。为了更好地了解午睡的遗传学，他们进行了一项全基因组关联研究(GWAS)，包括对大量人的整套DNA进行快速扫描)”可知，MGH的研究者主要致力于寻找导致人们有不同午休习惯的原因。故选C项。
19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then the participants wore activity monitors called accelerometers,which can provide data about daytime napping. This data also showed that the self-reports about napping were accurate.(然后，参与者佩戴一种名为加速计的活动监测器，它可以提供白天午睡的数据。该数据还表明，关于午睡的自我报告是准确的)”可知，为参与者戴上检测器是为了确保午休数据的准确性。故选C项。
【20题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“For example,the researchers obtained similar findings in an analysis of the genomes of 541,333 people collected by 23andMe,a consumer genetic-testing company.(例如，研究人员对消费基因检测公司23andMe收集的541333人的基因组进行了分析，得出了类似的结果)”可知，表示的是一些发现为研究提供了支持。所以bolster是“支持”之意，与Give support for.意思相近。故选B项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The team also identified at least three potential mechanisms that promote napping. Some people need more shut-eye than others. A daytime nap can help make up for poor-quality sleep the night before. People who rise early may “catch up” on sleep with a nap.“This tells us that daytime napping is biologically driven and not just an environmental or behavioral choice,” says Dshti. Some of these mechanisms are linked to health concerns, such as a large waistline and increased blood pressure, though more research on those associations is needed.(研究小组还确定了至少三种促进午睡的潜在机制。有些人比其他人需要更多的睡眠。白天小睡可以帮助弥补前一晚睡眠质量差的不足。早起的人可能会通过打个盹来“补觉”。Dshti说:“这告诉我们，白天打盹是由生物驱动的，而不仅仅是环境或行为的选择。”其中一些机制与健康问题有关，如大腰围和血压升高，不过还需要对这些联系进行更多的研究)”可推知，研究者们接下来可能会研究高血压等健康问题与导致午休的三种机制之间的关系。故选D项。
D
The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕). They described the entry as a successful touch on the sun.
Unlike Earth, the sun does not have a solid surface. Instead, it is a superheated ball of material held together by gravity and magnetic (磁的) forces. The temperature of the corona is so high that the sun’s gravity cannot hold on to it and some solar material escapes from it and goes into space, which causes the solar wind. The solar wind is the flow of charged pieces, known as plasma.
Parker Solar Probe was launched in 2018 which mainly studied the solar wind. The sun is actually a magnetic variable star with solar activity happening nearly periodically. Scientists said being able to study the solar wind and the corona close up could help them better understand “the way the activity causes changes to the planet we live on”.
“We can actually see the spacecraft flying through the coronal structure during a total solar eclipse (日全食),” Nour Raouafi, the project scientist, said, adding that it took them a few months to examine information from the spacecraft and to confirm the result and that the evidence used included data on magnetic fields and the solar wind, as well as images. Scientists reported Parker Solar Probe successfully went in and out of the corona at least three times.
The Parker team said early data also suggested the spacecraft may have entered the corona during its ninth close approach in August, but a further study is needed to make a confirmation. The spacecraft is expected to keep getting closer to the sun and diving deeper into the corona until its final orbit, planned for 2025.
22. What do we know about the solar wind from the text?
A. It affects the corona’s temperature. B. It functions as the surface of the sun.
C. It is caused by magnetic forces. D. It comes from the sun’s outer atmosphere.
23. Why did NASA launch Parker Solar Probe?
A. To find out why solar activity happens.
B. To know how solar activity influences Earth.
C. To get more evidence of the solar wind.
D. To take measures to control the solar wind.
24. What are the scientists’ attitude to their findings?
A. Confused. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Favorable.
25. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Spacecraft Touches the Sun for the First Time
B. Parker Uncovers the Secrets of the Solar Wind
C. NASA Brought New Discoveries about the Sun
D. Parker Is Designed to Reach the Sun in 2025
【答案】22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局的一艘航天器“帕克太阳探测器”首次进入太阳最外层的大气层，接触到太阳。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕).(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。)”和第二段的“The temperature of the corona is so high that the sun’s gravity cannot hold on to it and some solar material escapes from it and goes into space, which causes the solar wind.(日冕的温度很高，太阳的引力无法抓住它，一些太阳物质从日冕逃逸到太空中，这就造成了太阳风。)”可知，一些太阳物质会从日冕中逃出，进入太空形成太阳风，而日冕指太阳大气的最外层，由此可知，太阳风来自太阳大气的外层。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Parker Solar Probe was launched in 2018 which mainly studied the solar wind. The sun is actually a magnetic variable star with solar activity happening nearly periodically. Scientists said being able to study the solar wind and the corona close up could help them better understand “the way the activity causes changes to the planet we live on”(帕克太阳探测器于2018年发射，主要研究太阳风。太阳实际上是一颗磁变星，太阳活动几乎周期性地发生。科学家们表示，能够近距离研究太阳风和日冕，可以帮助他们更好地理解“太阳风活动对我们生活的星球造成的变化方式”。)”可知，“帕克太阳探测器”主要研究太阳风，以帮助科学家更好地了解太阳活动如何影响我们的地球。故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“it took them a few months to examine information from the spacecraft and to confirm the result and that the evidence used included data on magnetic fields and the solar wind, as well as images(他们花了几个月的时间来检查来自航天器的信息，并确认结果，所用的证据包括磁场和太阳风的数据，以及图像)”和第五段的“but a further study is needed to make a confirmation(但还需要进一步的研究来证实)”可知，科学家们花费数月时间检查来自航天器的信息并确认结果，并且认为需要开展新研究以确认“帕克太阳探测器”在8月份是否进入日冕。由此可推断出科学家们对他们的发现的态度是谨慎的。故选C。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun’s outermost atmosphere for the first time. Scientists announced that Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere’s outer edge, known as the corona (日冕). They described the entry as a successful touch on the sun.(美国宇航局称一艘宇宙飞船首次进入太阳最外层大气层。科学家们宣布，帕克太阳探测器穿过了太阳大气的外缘，也就是日冕。他们称这次进入是一次成功的太阳之旅。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的“帕克太阳探测器”首次近距离接近太阳，故A项“Spacecraft Touches the Sun for the First Time(宇宙飞船首次接触太阳)”作标题最佳。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness industry. If you’re considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers ultimate convenience. No need to roll out of bed at 5 a. m. to attend that 6 a. m. boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.____26____And what if you’re on the road? No problem. You can access your workout video through your phone.
____27____Most online fitness programs are much less expensive than similar offline programs—most range in cost from $ 10 to $ 20 per month. Some are even free. For example, the online Les Mills+program offers a free 30-day trial of its 1,500-plus workouts.
Online training also has broad offerings. When you head online, you have instructors from around the globe, all ready and willing to help you master your favorite moves.____28____Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in your area doesn’t mean you can’t go online to find one led by qualified instructors.
All these are undoubtedly positive-online training provides fitness resources to general consumers wherever they are, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.____29____
Very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.____30____This is particularly concerning for beginners, as they’re more likely to do incorrectly. Besides, if you struggle with self-motivation and prefer a social workout environment, online fitness may not be for you.
A. Another is the price.
B. But it’s not without problems.
C. The same goes for different types of exercise.
D. However, online personal training isn’t for everyone.
E. Instead, you can turn it on at home at your convenience.
F. That being said, online workouts aren’t perfect when it comes to safety.
G. This means you could perform exercises wrongly, or even unsafely, without knowing it.
【答案】26. E 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了在线健身的利与弊。
【26题详解】
根据第二段的首句“One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers ultimate convenience. (跟着在线视频健身最流行的原因之一是它提供了极大的便利。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在线健身的优势之一是其便捷性。同时根据空前“No need to roll out of bed at 5 a. m. to attend that 6 a. m. boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.(没有必要在早上5点从床上爬起来去参加早上6点的训练营课程，当你到达时，训练营可能会爆满。)”可知，此处提到你不必凌晨5点起床去参加6点的训练营课程，因此空处应与在线健身便利性的实际做法有关。E项“Instead, you can turn it on at home at your convenience.(相反，你可以在你方便时在家里打开课程。)”中提到的是实际的做法，符合语境。故选E。
【27题详解】
根据空后“Most online fitness programs are much less expensive than similar offline programs—most range in cost from $ 10 to $ 20 per month. Some are even free.(大多数在线健身项目都比类似的线下项目便宜得多，每个月的费用从10美元到20美元不等。有些甚至免费。)”可知，本段谈论的是在线健身在价格方面的优势。A项“Another is the price.(另一个是价格)”能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的“Another”与第二段首句中的“One”的呼应关系亦是提示。故选A。
【28题详解】
根据第四段的首句“Online training also has broad offerings. (在线培训的内容也很广泛。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是在线健身可以提供多样的选择。同时根据空前“When you head online, you have instructors from around the globe, all ready and willing to help you master your favorite moves.(当你上网时，你有来自世界各地的教练，他们都准备好了，愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作。)”可知，网络上有来自全世界的教练已经准备好并愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作，空后“Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in your area doesn’t mean you can’t go online to find one led by qualified instructors.(仅仅因为你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个由合格的讲师带领的课程)”提到你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个。综上可知，空处应是在讲在网上能不受限制地开展多种多样的健身活动，故C项“The same goes for different types of exercise.(不同类型的运动也是如此。)”符合语境。故选C。
【29题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“If you’re considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.(如果你正在考虑加入在线健身社区，考虑一下这些好处和缺点。)”可知，文章既介绍了在线健身的优势，也介绍了在线健身的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一段“Very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”介绍的是劣势。因此空处应填一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健身的不足，故B项“But it’s not without problems.(但是，它也不是没有问题)”符合语境。故选B。
【30题详解】
根据空前“Very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”和空后“This is particularly concerning for beginners, as they’re more likely to do incorrectly. (这对初学者来说尤其重要，因为他们更可能做得不正确。)”可知，空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指导的结果。G项“This means you could perform exercises wrongly, or even unsafely, without knowing it.(这意味着你可能在不知情的情况下错误地、甚至不安全地进行锻炼。)”说明了缺乏面对面指导的结果，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分 30分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15分)
Growing up within the Himalayan abode of snow (喜马拉雅雪屋), Akeisha was dynamic and ____31____. It was that point of the year when the sky was blue and the sun smiled upon the village. Watching people coming in flocks from near and far made Akeisha ____32____. Her father explained that they all flooded in to ____33____ the mountains. “Someday, I will also be able to climb to the highest of these majestic mountains.” Akeisha declared, a burning ____34____ dancing in her eyes.
But Life had other plans for her. Akeisha ____35____ one leg at 13. Clouds of ____36____ overshadowed her world. “I will ____37____ be ready to climb those mountains,” cried Akeisha. Seeing his little girl in ____38____ the father too was sorrowful, but he did not ____39____ and built her a wooden leg. Akeisha was beside herself with ______40______ a glimmer of hope regained.
“Never say ‘never’. Start climbing the mountains,” said the ______41______ father. Wearing the wooden leg, she walked but fell. She stood up and tried to run, but fell again. But nothing ______42______ the father and the daughter even though the entire village laughed at them. Determined to ______43______ all adversities, Akeisha kept practicing and ______44______ she could run on her own. Five years later, she made it to the highest of the mountains.
Never let words of ______45______ drag you down. Never allow anything to steal your dream.
31. A. creative B. energetic C. considerate D. cautious
32. A. curious B. concerned C. upset D. annoyed
33. A. observe B. conquer C. preserve D. photograph
34. A. fire B. shame C. dream D. question
35. A. cut B. lost C. broke D. twisted
36. A. doubt B. silence C. despair D. loneliness
37. A. never B. always C. finally D. somehow
38. A. grief B. danger C. trouble D. confusion
39. A. take risks B. take measures C. lose temper D. lose heart
40. A. awe B. fear C. delight D. anxiety
41. A. stubborn B. sorrowful C. dedicated D. determined
42. A. puzzled B. impressed C. frustrated D. accompanied
43. A. live with B. win against C. let go of D. make use of
44. A. gradually B. constantly C. frequently D. temporarily
45. A. comfort B. criticism C. complaint D. discouragement
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述一个叫Akeisha的女孩从小就想登上喜马拉雅的最高峰，但一次意外让她失去了一条腿。她爸爸为她做了一条木腿并鼓励她永不放弃，最终Akeisha成功登顶实现自己梦想。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Akeisha生长在喜马拉雅冰雪之家，充满活力且精力充沛。A. creative有创造力的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. considerate体贴的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据上文“Growing up within the Himalayan abode of snow (喜马拉雅雪屋)，Akeisha was dynamic and”可知，and连接并列成分，因此可知，Akeisha是充满活力，精力充沛的女孩。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着人们成群结队地从四面八方涌来让她感到好奇。A. curious好奇的；B. concerned担心的；关心的；C. upset不安的；D. annoyed烦恼的。根据后文“‘What are these people doing here, father?’ asked Akeisha.”可知，Akeisha对人们来这干什么充满疑惑。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的父亲解释说，他们蜂拥而来是为了征服那些高山的。A. observe观察；B. conquer征服；C. preserve保护；保存；D. photograph拍照。根据下文“I will also be able to climb to the highest of these majestic mountains.”可推断，Akeisha的爸爸告诉她那些人来是为了爬那些高山的，也就是征服那些高山的。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Akeisha说，一个强烈的梦想在她的眼睛里跳舞。A. fire火；B. shame羞耻；C. dream梦想；D. question问题。根据上文““Someday, I will also be able to climb to the highest of these majestic mountains.” Akeisha declared”可知，Akeisha梦想爬上这些雄伟的高山上的最高峰。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Akeisha 13岁时失去了一条腿。A. cut砍；B. lost失去；C. broke打碎；D. twisted扭弯。根据下文“built her a wooden leg”可知，Akeisha失去了一条腿。故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：绝望的乌云笼罩着她的世界。A. doubt怀疑；B. silence沉默；C. despair绝望；D. loneliness孤独。根据前文“Akeisha ____5____ one leg at 13.”可知，Akeisha失去了腿，所以她非常绝望。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我永远都准备不好去爬那些山。”，Akeisha哭到。A. never绝不；B. always总是；C. finally最终；最后；D. somehow不知怎的。 根据上文“Akeisha ____5____ one leg at 13.”可知，Akeisha失去了一条腿，因此推断她永远也不可能去爬那些高山。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他的小女儿悲伤，父亲也很悲伤，但他没有失去信心，给她做了一条木腿。A. grief悲伤；悲痛；B. danger危险；C. trouble麻烦；D. confusion困惑。根据下文“the father too was sorrowful”以及前文“I will ____7____ be ready to climb those mountains”可知，Akeisha不能爬山，所以她应该很痛苦。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. take risks冒险；B. take measures采取措施；C. lose temper发脾气；D. lose heart失去信心。根据前文“the father too was sorrowful”和下文“built her a wooden leg”可知，父亲没有失去信心，给女儿制作了假腿。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Akeisha欣喜若狂，希望的曙光又重新出现了。A. awe敬畏；惊叹；B. fear恐惧；C. delight高兴；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文“a glimmer of hope regained”可知，Akeisha非常高兴。故选C项。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“永不言放弃，开始爬山”坚决的父亲说道。A. stubborn顽固的；B. sorrowful悲伤的；C. dedicated专注的；D. determined坚决的。根据前文“‘Never say ‘never’. Start climbing the mountains,’”可知，父亲是坚决的。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管全村的人都嘲笑这对父女，但他们并没有因此而沮丧。A. puzzled使困惑；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. frustrated使沮丧；D. accompanied陪伴。根据后文“even though the entire village laughed at them”和“Determined”可知，尽管全村村民嘲笑他们愚蠢，但是父女俩没有沮丧。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：决心战胜一切逆境的Akeisha坚持练习，渐渐地她可以自己跑步了。A. live with与……一起生活；B. win against打败；C. let go of释放；D. make use of 利用。根据下文“Five years later, she made it to the highest of the mountains.”可知，Akeisha决心战胜所有的不适应。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gradually逐渐地；B. constantly不断地；C. frequently频繁地；D. temporarily短暂地。根据前文“Akeisha kept practicing”可知，Akeisha坚持练习，逐渐地能够独自跑了。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：永远不要让气馁的话语把你摧毁。A. comfort安慰；B. criticism批判；C. complaint抱怨；D. discouragement使人泄气的事物；沮丧。根据下文“Never allow anything to steal your dream.”可知，不要让任何人偷走你的梦想，不要让气馁的话摧毁你。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处域入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式.
Imagine staring up and seeing a high wall of rock. You take a deep breath and start climbing. You put your hands，feet and knees into small holes and cracks ___46___ the rock and slowly make your way to the top. As you go higher your body gets tired，but you keep climbing. You seek ___47___（forget）about the pain and the fear until you reach the top.
While rock climbing is ___48___ extreme sport，most people use ropes and a harness （背带）to stay safe. The ropes will catch you if you fall. ___49___ others，like 31-year-old US climber Alex，make rock climbing even ___50___（crazy）. He climbed it without ropes，a harness，or even a helmet. If he ___51___（slip） and fallen，he would have died.
Not everyone ___52___ does rock climbing is as crazy as Alex. Many a person ___53___（do）it safely，or on special indoor walls. It is a great way to build strength. According to The Huffington Post，working out the best way to climb up a wall also helps you develop your problem-solving skills. But Alex says most ___54___（climb）do it for the same reason. "I think the sport makes you powerful，" he said. " ____55____（overcome） your own fears all the time helps deal well with life's other challenges. "
【答案】46. in 47. to forget
48. an 49. But
50. crazier
51. had slipped
52. who/that
53. does 54. climbers
55. Overcoming
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了一般人攀岩时应该采取一些保护措施。但是美国的攀岩者Alex攀岩时不要任何保护。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：你把你的手、脚和膝盖放进岩石上的小洞和裂缝里，然后慢慢地爬上去。此处指的是“岩石上的洞”，应该用介词in。 故填in。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你试图忘记痛苦和恐惧，直到你到达顶峰。短语seek to do…“试图做……”，seek后接不定式作宾语。故填to forget。
【48题详解】
考查冠词。句意：攀岩是一项极限运动，大多数人用绳子和安全带保证安全。sport是可数名词；此处用不定冠词an表示数量，意思为“一种”；extreme的发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。故填an。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：但其他人，比如31岁的美国攀岩者 Alex，让攀岩更疯狂。上文说“The ropes will catch you if you fall.（如果你掉下去，绳子会套住你）”，下文说“He climbed it without ropes，a harness，or even a helmet.（他攀岩不要绳子、背带甚至头盔）”。上下文之间是语义上的转折，所以用but表示转折关系。 故填 But。
【50题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：但其他人，比如31岁的美国攀岩者 Alex，让攀岩更疯狂。空前有even，修饰形容词比较级，因此crazy应用比较级形式。故填crazier。
【51题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他滑下来摔倒了，他就会死的。根据“he would have died”可知，此句是对过去情况的虚拟，if从句应用过去完成时；slip的过去分词需双写-p，再加-ed。故填had slipped。
52题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：不是每个攀岩的人都像Aelx一样疯狂。分析句子结构，“___7___ does rock climbing”是定语从句，先行词是everyone，指人，关系词应用who/that。故填who/that。
【53题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：很多人都安全地攀岩，或者在特殊的室内墙壁上（进行）。全文用一般现在时，此处也用一般现在时；“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填does。
【54题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：但Alex说大多数登山者都是为了同样的原因。 根据句意，此处意思为“登山者”，在句中作主语；climb是动词，“登山者”是climber；空前有most修饰， climber应用复数形式。故填climbers。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一直克服自己的恐惧有助于很好地应对生活中的其他挑战。分析句子结构，“___10___（overcome）your own fears all the time”在句中作主语，overcome应用动名词形式。故填Overcoming。
第四部分 作文 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
56. 假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新型冠状病毒肆虐，疫情蔓延全国，甚至波及全球，对我们的学习生活造成很大影响。寒假将至，国家倡导“科学防疫，做自己健康的第一责任人”，请你围绕 “从小事做起，共战疫情” 这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。要点如下：
1. 倡议的原因和目的；
2. 倡议的具体内容；
3. 发出倡议。
注意:
1、词数80左右；
2、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear schoolmates,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
【答案】Dear schoolmates,
Over the past few months, the COVID-19 has made its way around China, even spreading all over the world. It has a strong impact on our life and study. Faced with such crisis, we should respond actively to ease the serious condition. So all students had better do as follows.
First of all, stay at home and don’t go out unless necessary, which is beneficial to ourselves and others. Second, do wear protective masks outdoors and wash hands as often as possible, which can reduce the risk of being infected. Most importantly, everyone ought to have a positive attitude towards the fight against the disease.
My dear friends, there may be a long way to go for us. Let’s work hand in hand to overcome anxiety and do some bits. And we have faith in the fact that we will win soon.
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新型冠状病毒肆虐，疫情蔓延全国，甚至波及全球，对我们的学习生活造成很大影响。寒假将至，国家倡导“科学防疫，做自己健康的第一责任人”，请你围绕 “从小事做起，共战疫情” 这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
影响：impact→influence
应该：ought to→should
积极的：positive→optimistic
有益的：beneficial→helpful
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Over the past few months, the COVID-19 has made its way around China, even spreading all over the world. It has a strong impact on our life and study.
拓展句：Over the past few months, the COVID-19, which has a strong impact on our life and study, has made its way around China, even spreading all over the world.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Over the past few months, the COVID-19 has made its way around China, even spreading all over the world. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] And we have faith in the fact that we will win soon. (运用了that引导同位语从句)
第二节(满分 25 分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
It wasn’t fair.
Aminah always studied hard, so there was nothing unusual about her receiving top marks at the end of the year. But Farhan was often playing with the village boys when he should have been studying. To help motivate him this year, their father had promised to buy him a bicycle if his grades improved.
Aminah was sure that even this generous offer wouldn’t change her brother’s habits. But when Farhan started staying home and studying, everyone was surprised.
At the end of the school year, Aminah received top marks as she always did. And, as usual, her parents gave her 100 rupees (卢比) as a reward.
For the first time, Farhan got top marks too. True to his word, their father came home with a bicycle. It was well used, and much of the paint had been chipped (脱落) off. But to Farhan, it was the most beautiful bicycle in their country. Farhan’s friends cheered when they saw it. It was understood that something as precious as a bicycle would be shared with everyone.
Well, almost everyone.
After a few days of watching Farhan and the village boys learning to ride, Aminah and her friends grew bitter. They spent afternoons on the hill just north of the village, sitting in the shade of a mango tree and watching the lazy stream flow at the foot of the hill. They could hear the boys cheering and laughing on the other side of the hill.
“Why doesn’t he let us ride, Aminah?” asked Fatima. Aminah shrugged (耸肩), trying to act as if she didn’t care.
“He and the other boys just want the bicycle all for themselves!” replied Shehnaz. Sarah shook her head. “But Aminah is his sister! He should share with her.” An older sister commanded respect.
As they talked, the boys’ screams grew closer. Aminah looked up and saw her brother on his bicycle at the top of the hill. “Look! I can do it!” Farhan yelled at the top of his lungs. He had finally gotten the hang of it. The boys cheered as he began to speed up.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Suddenly Farhan lost control of the bicycle, heading in the direction of the girls, toward the stream.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Farhan looked at Aminah then at his bicycle, then back at his sister.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Suddenly, Farhan lost control of the bicycle, heading in the direction of the girls, toward the stream. “Help! Help! I can’t control its speed,” Farhan cried at the top of his voice. So nervous and frightened was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the bicycle. Seeing the bike running at breakneck speed toward them, all the girls but Aminah shouted with fright and then ran away to avoid being hit. However, it was at the very moment that Aminah stood in the middle of the road, trying to pull the bike to slow down with all her strength. Finally, the bike stopped with no one being hurt.
Farhan looked at Aminah, then at his bicycle, then back at his sister. He scratched his head, asking, “Aren’t you afraid of being hit?” “I could run away, but you’re my brother. I can’t leave you in danger,” Aminah replied in a determined voice. Hearing the words, he felt a sense of warmth welling up inside his body with tears of gratitude streaming down his cheeks. It hit him that he didn’t share his joy of getting the bike with his sister, let alone invite her to have a ride. Ashamed and guilty, he looked sincerely at his sister, “Would you like to have a try? I can teach you how to ride.” “Sure!”, Aminah agreed with delight. All boys and girls present cheered and laughed. After that, Farhan shared everything he had with his sister.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了法尔汉因成绩的提升而获得父亲奖励的一辆自行车，在获得自行车后法尔汉和他的朋友一起分享这种喜悦，而他的姐姐阿米娜却没有机会骑一下。而有一次法尔汉突然骑车失控，就在要撞到溪流时，他姐姐挺身而出，帮他稳住了车。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，法尔汉失去了对自行车的控制，朝着女孩们的方向，朝着小溪。”可知，第一段可描述车刹不住要冲向溪流的紧张而危险的场景，以及阿米娜出手相助。
②由第二段首句内容“法尔汉看了看阿米娜，又看了看他的自行车，然后又看了看他的姐姐。”可知，第二段可描述在姐姐帮他停住车后，法尔汉感激姐姐的挺身而出，并邀请姐姐骑车。
2.续写线索：冲向溪流——站出来——用力拦车——车停下——感谢——邀请——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①叫喊：cry/shout/yell
②询问：ask/inquire
③涌上来：well up/flood over
情绪类
①害怕的：firghtened/scared
②羞愧的：ashamed/shamefaced
【点睛】[高分句型1] So nervous and frightened was Farhan that he had no idea how to stop the bicycle.（由so...that...引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构）
[高分句型2] It hit him that he didn’t share his joy of getting the bike with his sister, let alone invite her to have a ride.（由that引导的主语从句）