精品解析：上海市晋元高级中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末测试英语试题（解析版）

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晋元高级中学2020-2021学年第二学期期末考试
高二年级英语学科试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you wil hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of eachconversation, aquestion will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answerson your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Satisfied. B.Annoyed. C.Relaxed. D. Worried.
2. A. He is a chairman. B. He’s a doctor. C. He’s a professor. D. He’s a carpenter.
3. A. Accident victims. B. Rescue work. C.Air crashes. D. Crash survivors.
4.A.They can’t afford to rent an apartment in that neighborhood.
B. The neighborhood is too far away.
C. They don’t need a new apartment.
D. She hopes that they can rent it as soon as possible.
5.A. To have her heater repaired. B. To complain about her heater.
C. To order a new heater.D. To look for a certain repairman.
6.A. Because she doesn’t like the flat. B. Because she needs a better roommate.
C. Because it’s cheaper to live in the dormitory.
D. Because the present flat is too small for her.
7.A. Some people think they know more than they do.
B. Some people like to hide their thoughts.
C. What the woman said is wrong.
D. He knows more than the woman does.
8.A. He is not treated equally as his coworkers.
B. He is not well paid for his work.
C. He doesn’t think the job is challenging enough.
D. He cannot keep focused on his work.
9.A. She shouldn’t listen to Mark anymore.
B. She should pay little attention to what Mark says.
C. She shouldn’t do things negatively.
D. She should take Mark’s remarks seriously.
10. A. She thinks the pollution level is too high to be true.
B. She is sure that the equipment is broken.
C. She doesn’t believe the man at all.
D. She is annoyed by the wrong report about the pollution level.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you wil hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you wil beasked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversationwill be read twice, but the questions wil be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the fourpossible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Children’s reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.
C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.
12. A. Because dogs are young children’s best friends.
B. Because children can play with dogs while reading.
C. Because dogs can provide encouragement for shy children.
D. Because children and dogs understand each other.
13. A. It’s used in Saturday classes. B. It’s written by the children.
C. It’s a prize for the children. D. It’s a gift from parents.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To lose weight. B. To respond to climate change.
C. To take special kinds of food. D. To improve their health condition.
15. A. It is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time.
B. It seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2.
C. The average U.S. household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month.
D. The average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month.
16. A. Saving Energy at Home. B. Changing Our Habits Begins at Work.
C. Climate Change is Real. D. Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She was a bank manager. B. She was a victim of the robbery.
C. She was a defense lawyer. D. She was a witness to the crime.
18. A. He was more than seven feet tall. B. He was in his late thirties.
C. He was wearing a dark sweater. D. He was wearing a shirt under a jacket.
19. A. Identify the suspect from pictures. B. Go upstairs to sign some documents.
C. Have her photo taken for their files. D. Verify the record of what she had said.
20.

I1. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
语法填空
3D Printing in Food Production
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Over the past few years, researchers ___1___ (develop) machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer a cook ___2___ print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. A restaurant in Spain has re-created forms and pieces of food ___3___ are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes ___4___ (produce) by 3D printing rather than farm to table are well received among customers.
Sustainability
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. As is known to all, sustainability is ___5___ people nowadays put great emphasis on. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients, thus ___6___ (reduce) fuel use and air pollution.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food much ___7___ (healthy). A professor at Columbia University said, “Food printing could allow consumers ___8___ (print) food with individualized nutritional content. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
___9___ recent development in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming ____10____ ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are doubtful about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
【答案】1. have developed
2. can 3. that##which
4. produced
5. what 6. reducing
7. healthier
8. to print
9. Despite 10. because##since##as##where
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印在食品生产中的应用。
【1题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：过去的几年里，研究人员已经开发出可以大规模打印、烹饪和提供食物的机器。根据时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处使用现在完成时。故填have developed。
【2题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：有了3D打印机，厨师可以打印出复杂的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的装饰在婚礼蛋糕上。根据句意可知，此处使用情态动词can，表示“可以”。故填can。
3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：西班牙一家餐厅重新制作了“完全相同”的食物，让厨师们有时间去完成其他任务。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是forms and pieces of food，指物，在从句中作，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在另一家餐厅，所有的菜肴都是用3D打印而不是从农场搬到餐桌的，受到了顾客的欢迎。此处与dishes是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作定语，表被动。故填produced。
【5题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：众所周知，可持续性是人们现在非常重视的。此处是表语从句，连接词在从句中作介词on的宾语，指代“人们现在非常重视的东西”，应用what引导。故填what。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些专家认为，打印机可以使用大量的可再生能源，如藻类和草，来替代我们熟悉的成分，从而减少燃料的使用和空气污染。此处表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填reducing。
【7题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：未来的3D食品打印机可以使加工食品更加健康。much修饰比较级，此处指“更健康的”。故填healthier。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：食品印刷可以让消费者打印具有个性化营养成分的食品。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to print。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管最近3D食品打印技术有所发展，但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。根据句意可知，此处使用介词despite“尽管”，引导让步状语。故填Despite。
【10题详解】
考查原因状语从句或定语从句。句意：目前，大多数原料必须在打印机使用之前变成糊状，而且由于原料之间以非常复杂的方式相互作用，打印过程相当耗时。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处可以视为原因状语从句，表示“因为”，用because/since/as引导；也可视为限定性定语从句，先行词是the printing process，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填because/since/as或where。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stems B. insecure C. squeezed D. individual E. glued F. spreading
G. head H. simply I. distracting J. spacious K. originally
You’ll Often Walk Alone
There has been a quiet pandemic (流行病) developing while most people’s attention has been on Covid-19. The lockdown has worsened a problem that has been ___11___ in many developed nations for decades: loneliness.
Part of the problem ___12___ from contemporary employment. Globally, two in five office workers feel lonely at work. This rises to three in five in Britain. Gig-economy (零工经济) jobs can leave people with ___13___ incomes and without the companionship of colleagues. The pandemic has made it more difficult to make, and maintain, friendships, particularly for new employees. Even before the crisis, the hope that ___14___ offices would encourage greater camaraderie (友情) proved to be false. Many people find the chatter ___15___ and withdraw with noise-canceling headphones. They then email colleagues who are sitting only a few desks away.
Perhaps loneliness relates to human history. Mass urbanization is a relatively recent development; if the history of human existence was ___16___ into a single day, the Industrial Revolution did not occur until almost midnight. For much of that time, humans lived in small groups of hunter-gatherers; cities may just overwhelm the senses. Ms. Hertz points her finger at a recent development: social media. The internet has led too much cyber-bullying (although it has also been a source of companionship during the lockdown). And people ___17___ to their smart phones spend less time interacting socially.
Some changes in behavior are owing to ___18___ choice. Before the pandemic no one was stopping people going to church or taking part in sports. They ___19___ preferred to do other things. Indeed, one reason for the decline in communal activities is that men choose to be with their families rather than ____20____ to the bar; American fathers spend three times as much time with their children as they did in the 1960s. That is surely a welcome development. So recreating a communal society may be difficult.
【答案】11. F 12. A
13. B 14. J
15. I 16. C
17. E 18. D
19. H 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了许多发达国家的人更喜欢独处，而不喜欢参与社区活动，并阐述了这种现象的原因。
【11题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：封锁加剧了几十年来在许多发达国家蔓延的一个问题：孤独。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“spread”，意为“蔓延”，动词词性，根据句中“has been”和“for decades”可知，句子为现在完成进行时，空格处应用“spread”的现在分词“spreading”。故选F项。
【12题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：部分问题源于当代就业。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“stem”，意为“阻止，封堵”，动词词性，“stem from…”意为“源于……”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“problem”为可数名词单数，故空格处应用“stem”的三单形式“stems”。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：零工经济的工作会让人们收入无保障，没有同事陪伴。根据句意可知，零工经济的工作收入无保障，空格处涉及单词“insecure”，意为“无保障的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：甚至在危机发生之前，人们就希望宽敞的办公室能鼓励更多的同事情谊，但事实证明这是错误的。根据句意可知，人们希望宽敞的办公室能鼓励更多的同事情谊，空格处涉及单词“spacious”，意为“宽敞的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选J项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多人发现这种闲聊会分散注意力，于是就戴上了降噪耳机。根据句意可知，许多人发现这种闲聊会分散注意力，空格处涉及单词“distracting”，意为“令人分心的，让人思想不集中的”，形容词词性，在句中作宾语补足语。故选I项。
【16题详解】
考查动词和被动语态。句意：大规模城市化是一个相对较新的发展；如果把人类存在的历史压缩在一天内，工业革命几乎要到午夜才发生。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“squeeze”，意为“挤压，压缩”，动词词性，“the history of human existence”和“squeeze”为被动关系，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，空格处应用“squeeze”的过去分词“squeezed”。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，粘在智能手机上人花在社交上的时间更少。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词“glue”，意为“粘贴”，动词词性，句中有谓语动词“spend”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“people”和“glue”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“glue”的过去分词“glued”，作后置定语。故选E项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：行为上的一些变化是由于个人的选择。根据句意可知，行为上的一些变化是由于个人的选择，空格处涉及单词“individual”，意为“个人的，单独的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：他们只是更喜欢做其他事情。根据句意可知，他们只是更喜欢做其他事情，空格处涉及单词“simply”，意为“只，仅仅”，副词词性，在句中作状语。故选H项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：事实上，社区活动减少的一个原因是，男性选择与家人在一起，而不是去酒吧；美国父亲与孩子相处的时间是20世纪60年代的三倍。根据句意可知，男性选择与家人在一起，而不是去酒吧，空格处涉及单词“head”，意为“朝（某方向）行进”，动词词性，“rather than do sth.”意为“而不是做某事”，故空格处应用“head”。故选G项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feel Like You’re Falling Behind Your Peers?
It’s never pleasant to lag behind others that we consider similar to ourselves. The conventional wisdom says to “stop competing with others and only compete with yourself”. But that’s easier said than done. With the rise of social media, it’s hard to avoid ___21___ of your colleagues’ accomplishments if you want to stay connected. But in fact that knowledge can have benefits. A recent study shows that it can become a source of ___22___ in both one’s work and life.
So how can you take advantage of the positive benefits of competition without suffering from the insecurity it may ___23___?
Track your triggers.
The stress of feeling behind your peers can emerge in many ___24___ throughout the day. It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own.
It’s vital to pay attention to the things that tend to cause you to compare yourself with others, because if you are ___25___ that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response.
Shift to purposeful re-framing.
Once you ___26___ the situations that provoke these negative feelings in you, you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure. But that’s rarely a(n) ___27___ or practical solution.
For instance, you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues. A better approach is to ___28___ engage those feelings to your benefit. Instead of saying to yourself, “I wish I did that,” ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?” Then take some time to listen to what ideas emerge in your mind.
___29___ a personal strength to regain validation (认可).
During the period of insecurity, you may start to consider how you can ____30____ others. Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.
An executive coaching client of mine was heartbroken that his planned promotion this year was postponed due to the pandemic. He worried that his future ____31____ for promotion to this position would slowly disappear.
To get out of his negative state, he decided to harness (利用) his writing talent. He ____32____ a thoughtful article for the company blog on how to effectively and positively lead others ____33____ the current crisis. Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance. This feedback, ____34____, made him confident about his value.
Any efforts in your career and life will ____35____ bring self-comparison and insecurity. But whenever you feel like you are falling behind others, you can use these strategies to regain your confidence and perform well in the competitions that genuinely matter to you.
21. A. evidence B. hints C. exchanges D. criticism
22. A. entertainment B. pride C. inspiration D. identity
23. A. suffer B. ensure C. breed D. seize
24. A. accents B. forms C. sizes D. cultures
25. A. aware B. glad C. relieved D. surprised
26. A. ignore B. seek C. report D. track
27. A. adaptive B. reasonable C. innovative D. diplomatic
28. A. deliberately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. effortlessly
29. A. Detect B. Reserve C. Qualify D. Exhibit
30. A. make use of B. catch up with C. give in to D. put up with
31. A. proposals B. prospects C. perspectives D. programs
32. A. copied B. reviewed C. composed D. quoted
33. A. to B. with C. through D. across
34. A. however B. besides C. for example D. in turn
35. A. inevitably B. sensitively C. unfortunately D. visibly
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了就如何将竞争产生的不安转化为有利因素提出了几点建议。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着现代媒体的发展，如果你想保持联系的话，避免听到你的同事取得成就的事实是很难的。A. evidence事实，证据；B. hints暗示；C. exchanges相互交换；D. criticism批评。根据空格后的“of your colleagues’ accomplishments”可知，你的同事取得成就，这是事实。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查表明：了解同事的成就可以成为一个人工作和生活中的灵感来源。A. entertainment娱乐；B. pride自豪；C. inspiration灵感，激励；D. identity身份。根据上句“But in fact that knowledge can have benefits.”可知，了解同事的成就是有益的，这可以成为你工作生活的灵感来源，激励自己。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么如何利用竞争带来的积极因素而不受这种可能增长的不安全感。A. suffer受苦；B. ensure确保；C. breed繁殖，增长；D. seize抓住。根据“without suffering from the insecurity”可知，这种不安全感会随着竞争的加大而增长。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉落后于同伴的压力可能整天以许多形式出现。A. accents口音；B. forms形式；C. sizes尺寸；D. cultures文化。根据下句“It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own.”可知，可能听到老板在称赞另一位同事，或者看到你的同事离开朝9晚5的工作去创业时，你的压力就会产生，由此可知你的压力在一天以不同的形式而出现。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：注意引起你和别人产生比较的事情很重要，因为如果你意识到这些是诱因，你就能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。A. aware意识到的；B. glad高兴的；C. relieved减轻的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据本处“because if you are 5 that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response”可知，只有意识到这些是诱因，你才能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。再结合be aware that(意识到)，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你跟踪到引起你负面情绪的处境，你就可能停止引起你不安的行动。A. ignore忽略；B. seek寻找；C. report报告；D. track跟踪。根据下文“you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure”可知，你要决定停止引起你不安的行动，首先要跟踪引起你负面情绪的处境。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是那是很少合理的或实用的解决方案。A. adaptive适应的；B. reasonable合理的；C. innovative创新的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据空格后“or practical solution”可知，空格处的词义和practical (实用的)词义接近。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一种较好办法是故意将那些情绪加到你的利益中。A. deliberately故意地；B. extremely极度地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. effortlessly毫不费力地。根据上句“you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues”和下文“ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?””可知，你可能不能避免听到你的老板在说你和你的同事，因此你要将这些情绪故意地加到你的利益中，去激发自己，问问自己，“为什么我不能那样做？”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：展示你的长处去被认可。A. Detect发现；B. Reserve储备；C. Qualify具有资格；D. Exhibit展览，展示。根据下文“Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.”加倍努力去表现你的强项。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你感到不安全期间，你可能考虑如何赶上其他人。A. make use of利用；B. catch up with赶上；C. give in to屈服于；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“During the period of insecurity”可知，在感到不安全时，你就会思考如何赶上其他人。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他担心他未来提升到这个岗位的展望可能会逐渐消失。A. proposals提议；B. prospects展望；C. perspectives态度；D. programs节目。根据上文“his future”和下文“for promotion to this position”可知，这是对未来岗位升职的展望。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. copied复制；B. reviewed复习；C. composed撰写；D. quoted引用。根据空格后“a thoughtful article”可知，此处是撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. to到；B. with和；C. through通过（障碍、阶段或测试）；D. across横过。根据空格后的“the current crisis”可知，此处指摆脱目前危机。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查语境理解。句意：这种反馈反过来增强了他对自己价值的自信。A. however然而；B. besides此外；C. for example例如；D. in turn反过来。根据上句“Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance.”可知，无数年轻和年长的同事都表达了他们对他真诚乐观指导的感激。由此可知，这种被他人认可反过来会提升他的自信。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在你生活和工作中的任何努力都不可避免地带来自我比较和安。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. sensitively敏感地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. visibly明显地。根常识和据空格后“bring self-comparison and insecurity”可知，在生活中带来自我比较和不安是难以避免地。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Denmis’s Swamp creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp (沼泽).
“So,” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name? ”
“Are you sure you want to hear it? It’s a scary story,” warned Jack.
“Of course!” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldn’t have chosen this place!”
“Ok, but don’t say I didn’t warn you,” said Jack, and he began this tale. “Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in. In those days, the area looked quite different—it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”
“You are clearing too much land,” warned one old man. “The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it.”
“Silly fool,” said Dennis to himself. “If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I’ll become wealthier. He’s just jealous!”
Dennis continued to chop down trees. Smal animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping (渗出) to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.
“What happened?” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.
“The land hit back--just as the old man warned,” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”
“What a stupid story,” laughed Tom. “Plants can’t .” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted. The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom’s face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.
36. The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_______.
A. courage B. assistance C. instruction D. challenge
37. Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man?
A. The old man envied him. B. The old man was foolish.
C. He was too busy to listen to others. D. He was greedy for more crops.
38. Why did Tom scream and faint?
A He saw Dennis’s shadow.
B. He was scared by a plant.
C. His friends played a joke on him.
D. The weather became extremely cold.
39. What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis?
A. Grasp all, lose all. B. No sweat, no sweet.
C. It is no use crying over spilt milk. D. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. B 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章以在野营中一个孩子所讲故事为切入点来讲述一块地是如何受到Denmis过度开发而变成沼泽地的，也同时告诉我们贪心必失的道理。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Denmis’s Swamp creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. (篝火的光亮照亮了黑暗，但却无法阻止丹米斯沼泽的潮湿寒冷侵蚀他们的骨头。那是个奇怪的地方。)”可知，这个地方很奇怪，令人害怕，由此可推知，马丁和汤姆后悔来到这个地方，即希望他们没有接受杰克的挑战而来到这里，由此可知，划线单词dare意为“挑战”，与D项“challenge (挑战)”意思一样，故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中“If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I’ll become wealthier (如果我开垦更多的土地，我就能种更多的庄稼，我就会变得更富有。)”可知，丹尼斯对老人的警告置之不理是因为他贪求更多的庄稼。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted. The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy(常春藤) had covered Tom’s face. (他还没说完，就尖叫起来，晕倒了。另外两个男孩吓了一跳，瞪着汤姆。突然，他们大笑起来。汤姆的脸上长满了绿色的常春藤。)”可推知，汤姆尖叫且晕倒的原因是他被一株植物吓坏了，故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。从文中讲述的故事可知，Denmis不顾一切地垦荒，贪求种植更多的庄稼，结局却被水中植物拖下水中，一无所得，由此可推知，从该故事得到的教训是：A项“贪多必失”，故选A。
(B)

40. One can comfort a friend who has failed an exam by saying “_____ ,” as quoted in a 1970s song.
A. let it go B. let your hair down C. turn the page D. keep a poker face
41. What can we infer about “the current money situation” mentioned in the third box?
A. The diners were likely to be short of capital.
B. The restaurant chef was probably in heavy debt.
C. The speaker was confident of an economic boom.
D. The boat owner threatened to withdraw his funds.
42. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Magic of English Idioms in Animations
B. Idioms-Inspiration for Popular Music
C. Cheer Yourself up in the World of Music
D. Useful Idioms from Popular Song Titles
【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了和五首歌名有关的俗语，以及它们的含义。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二首歌的介绍“If you “turn the page” you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period.(如果你“turn the page”，你会忘记过去，在一段糟糕的时期后重新开始你的生活)”可知，“turn the page”指的是在一段糟糕的时候后重新开始新生活。因此用“turn the page”可以安慰一个考试不及格的朋友。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三首歌的介绍“If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble.(如果你“rock the boat”，意思是你做了或说了一些可能会让人不安或引起问题或麻烦的事情)”可知，“rock the boat”是指做了或说了一些可能会让人不安或引起问题或麻烦的事情。由此推知，下文“so I kept quiet aoubt the terrible money situation.”指的是吃饭的人没有足够的钱支付餐费，为了不让其他人不安，他/她选择don’t “rock the boat”。故选A。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一首歌Let it go的介绍“If you “let go” of a bad feeling or memory, you stop thinking about it, or being upset by it; lierally, if you “let go” of something, you stop holding onto it with your hands.(如果你“let go”了一种不好的感觉或记忆，你就不再想它，或者不再为它而烦恼)”，第二首歌Turn the page的介绍“If you “turn the page” you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period.(如果你“turn the page”，你会忘记过去，在一段糟糕的时期后重新开始你的生活)”，第三首歌Rock the boat的介绍“If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble.(如果你“rock the boat”，意思是你做了或说了一些可能会让人不安或引起问题或麻烦的事情)”，第四首歌Let your hair down的介绍“If you “let your hair down” you act more freely than usual and really enjoy yourself.(如果你“let your hair down”，你表现得比平时更自由，真的很享受)”，以及最后一首歌Poker face的介绍“If you have a “poker face”, you have a neutral exrpession on your face that doesn’t show an emotion, and which doesn’t let other people know what you’er thinking for feeling.(如果你有一张“poker face”，你脸上有一种中性的表情，不表现出任何情绪，也不会让别人知道你的想法和感受)”可知，本文主要介绍了和五首歌名有关的俗语，以及它们的含义。故选D。
(C)
Nobody ever said science education was easy. Certainly the concepts like quantum mechanics can be hard to grasp. But what really complicates the endeavor is that we're also trying to teach the subject while helping students understand the nature of science itself.
All too often, young people get the impression that science is about learning certain "laws" and then applying them to different situations. Rather, science is the process of building the concepts through the collection of experimental evidence. Let's not call these concepts laws, but models. Science is all about building and testing models.
Of course, we can't start from scratch. If students had to build their own models from the ground up, it would be like trying to learn programming by inventing computers. As Isaac Newton said, we stand on the shoulders of giants. We must go from models built by others.
But there's still another challenge in science education less recognized: Students often enter a course with their own unarticulated ideas about how the world works. We call these "misconceptions" but it's important to realize that these are also models, based on their life experiences, which "make sense" to the students.
What I'd like to suggest is that this actually provides a great way into the adventure of science and an opportunity to meet our objectives as educators. If you can create a situation that challenges students' assumptions and produces conceptual conflict, that's a great opportunity for learning.
Here's an example that I've used on the topic of light rays. I set up a point light source and put a piece of cardboard in front of it. There's a small pinhole in the cardboard and a white screen behind. What do you expect to see? No surprise: A light shining through a pinhole makes a dot on the screen. But what if I have TWO light sources with the same single hole? Many students complain that science is tricky.
OK, that is a problem. The point isn't supposed to be that science is tricky but that learning is tricky. It's hard to change students' ideas, so we deliberately put them in a position to confront their internal model. Here, students have the idea that the spot on the screen is due to the pinhole - a natural conclusion - so one hole means one spot. But actually light travels radially outward from each light source in straight lines. (Check the top view (俯视图)of the two lights, the pinhole, and the screen below.)
But really, the answer is not the point. What I'm saying here is that in education, we set things up so students get it wrong. That's how they learn. Learning requires getting past their own ideas. You can't get physically fit without breaking a sweat and you can't really learn, at a fundamental level, without a little conflict in your head. (477 words)
43. The italicized phrase "from scratch" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "________".
A. from the very beginning B. based on basic concepts
C. according to various situations D. under the guidance of predecessors
44. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The leaching of the complex science concepts is the most difficult.
B. Learning science is all about putting theory to practice.
C. Life experiences contribute to students' knowledge of the world.
D. Students' own idea of how things work isn't eligible for a model.
45. The top view mentioned in the writer's experiment is.
A. B.
C. D.
46. According to the writer, what's the best way to teach science?
A. Get the concepts and laws across to the students clearly.
B. Help students to distinctively tell laws and models apart.
C. Make science questions less tricky and more to the point.
D Set up experiments to challenge students' predictions.
【答案】43. A 44. C 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过举例和比喻论证来表达自己对如何进行科学教育的观点。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“If students had to build their own models from the ground up, it would be like trying to learn programming by inventing computers.”(如果学生们必须从头开始建立自己的模型，那就像是试图通过发明计算机来学习编程。)可知，此处是讲我们不能从头开始，不然就像是试图通过发明计算机来学习编程，这完全没有必要。所以from scratch意为“从最开始”。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一二句“Students often enter a course with their own unarticulated ideas about how the world works.We call these “misconceptions” but it’s important to realize that these are also models, based on their life experiences, which “make sense” to the students.”(学生们在进入一门课程时，往往会对世界如何运转有自己无法表达的想法。我们称之为“误解”，但重要的是要认识到，这些也是模型，基于他们的生活经验，这对学生“有意义”。)可知，生活经验有助于学生了解世界。所以选项C是正确的。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段倒第二句“Here, students have the idea that the spot on the screen is due to the pinhole - a natural conclusion - so one hole means one spot.”(在这里，学生们认为屏幕上的斑点是由针孔造成的——这是一个自然的结论——所以一个孔意味着一个斑点。)和转折词but可知，事实与学生认为的相反，再根据最后一句“But actually light travels radially outward from each light source in straight lines.”(但实际上，光从每个光源以直线呈放射状向外传播。)，所以每个光源都会有一条光线通过针孔照在屏幕上，也就是说屏幕上会有两个光点，且光源以直线呈放射状向外传播。故选C。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句到第三句“What I’m saying here is that in education, we set things up so students get it wrong. That's how they learn. Learning requires getting past their own ideas.”(我在这里说的是，在教育中，我们设置了一些东西，这样学生就错了。他们就是这样学习的。学习需要克服自己的想法。)结合上文提到的光源在屏幕上形成光点的实验可推知，作者认为教授科学最好的方式是设置实验来挑战学生的预测。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Distance or Face-to-Face Learning: What’s the Difference?
Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another.
When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet.____47____In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses.
____48____. Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures, seminars and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs.
____49____. Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. However, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common. Although people can increasingly interact through online conversations and message boards, there is a significant difference between virtual and real interaction. Time and geography must also be considered when contrasting these two types of learning. Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location._____50_____.
In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they cater for different audiences. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results.
A. Historical examples of long-distance learning include students being sent a series of weekly lessons by post.
B. On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography.
C. On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay.
D. The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative.
E. For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education.
F. In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same.
【答案】47. D 48. F 49. E 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。从三个方面介绍了远程学习和面对面学习的不同点。
【47题详解】
前文“Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. (远程教育在很大程度上依赖于技术，尤其是互联网)”介绍远程教育依赖互联网的事实。后文“In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. (比之下，远程学习时，技术是主要的交流手段)”介绍远程教育，技术是关键的事实。结合选项，D项“The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative.(过去20年左右的技术进步意味着，作为一种可靠的选择，远程学习现在已经能够与面对面的学习相媲美)”承上启下，都是在强调技术的进步对远程学习的重要作用和意义：技术的进步使得远程学习可以和面对面的学习相媲美。故选D。
【48题详解】
分析篇章结构，空处应为本段中心句。后文“Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. (也就是说，老师是“知者”，负责帮助学生理解课程的关键部分。然而，在两种交付模式中，这种关系的性质可能略有不同)”介绍老师和学生之间是怎样的关系以及远程学习和面对面学习情况下，师生关系可能的变化。结合选项，F项“In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same.(在师生关系方面，核心原则保持不变)”同样是介绍师生关系，不管学习形式如何变化，但是核心原则不变。引起下文。故选F。
【49题详解】
分析篇章结构，空处应为本段中心句。根据后文“Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. owever, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common.(一般来说，学生们喜欢定期见面，和同一门课的人交谈。然而，这种互动在远程学习课程中并不常见)”介绍面对面学习和远程学习对学生互动的影响。结合选项，E项“For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education.(对许多学生来说，与同龄人互动是大学教育中最好的方面之一)”总领本段，学生之间的互动性是教育的最好的一方面。引起下文，后文介绍两种学习方式对学生互动的影响。故选E。
【50题详解】
前文“Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location. (面对面的学习必须在一个地点实时进行)”介绍面对面学习必须在某个地点进行。结合选项，B项“On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography.(相反，远程学习可以发生在任何时间和任何地点，因为学习不受地理限制)”介绍远程学习时，交流是不受地点限制的。与前文形成对照关系。故选B。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Write a summary of the following article with about 60 words.
Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”
The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
The main drawback (缺点) of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary.
Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”
It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”
The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As is reported, secondary schools in UK experience difficulties finding young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid’s bad behavior. Students' ill behavior comes from the discipline problems of schools and parents. Thus, the government should increase teachers' income and promote a teaching campaign to display teaching's bright side.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括据报道，英国的中学很难找到年轻教师。原因是低工资和孩子的不良行为。学生的不良行为源于学校和家长的纪律问题。因此，政府应提高教师的收入，开展教学活动，以展示教学的光明面。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成概括，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V.Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 我们的友谊能经受时间的考验吗？(stand)(汉译英)
【答案】Can our friendship stand the test of time?
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。该句子是一般疑问句，“能”为情态动词can，位于句首，首字母大写；“我们的友谊”为our friendship，“经受”为动词stand，“时间的考验”为the test of time，故整句翻译为Can our friendship stand the test of time?。
53. 袁隆平把毕生奉献给了农业研究的故事非常感人。(commit) (汉译英)
【答案】The story of Yuan Longping who/that commited all his life to agricultural study is very moving.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配，定语从句。“袁隆平的故事”译为the story of Yuan Longping，作主语；“非常感人”译为系表结构be very moving，因主语为物，故用修饰物的形容词moving，因为客观描述，故be动词应为一般现在时，且照应主语story，应用单数。“把毕生奉献给了农业研究”应为定语从句修饰先行词“Yuan Longping”，且应在定从中充当主语，故应为who/that引导定语从句都可。“把……奉献给……”为固定搭配commit...to...，且应为过去的事情，应为一般过去时；“毕生”译为all his life；“农业研究”译为agricultural study。故翻译为The story of Yuan Longping who/that commited all his life to agricultural study is very moving.
54. 不管遇到什么困难，我们相信探索越多，就越可能取得成功。(likely) (汉译英)
【答案】Whatever difficulties we meet, we still believe that the more we explore, the more likely we are to achieve success.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、形容词。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的复合句，“不管遇到什么困难”在句子中为让步状语从句，所以“不管遇到什么困难”翻译为Whatever difficulties we meet；表示“相信”含义的动词为believe；“探索越多，就越可能取得成功”要使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，所以“我们探索越多”翻译为the more we explore；“就越可能取得成功”翻译为the more likely we are to achieve success，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，故翻译为Whatever difficulties we meet, we still believe that the more we explore, the more likely we are to achieve success.
55. 村民们从没想到这些看似笨拙的大象会用鼻子打开水龙头，一顿畅饮。(Never) (汉译英)
【答案】Never have the villagers thought of the scene where seemingly awkward elephants open the water taps with noses and drink freely.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装、时态、从句和短语。分析可知，“村民们从没想到（这样的景象）”为主句，“想到”用动词短语think of表达，作谓语，陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；否定副词never置于句首时，主句需部分倒装，将助动词have置于主语villagers之前，宾语“这样的场景”用the scene表达；“这些看似笨拙的大象会用鼻子打开水龙头，一顿畅饮”处理为修饰scene的定语从句，从句主语“这些大象”用elephants表达，“看似笨拙的”用seemingly awkward表达，作elephants的前置定语，并列谓语动词“打开”和“饮水”分别用pen和drink表达，用and连接，宾语“水龙头”用water tap表达，tap是可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指；代替先行词scene在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Never have the villagers thought of the scene where seemingly awkward elephants open the water taps with noses and drink freely.

56. 正是他在面试中表现出来的谦虚和博学使他能胜任这个许多人争相竞争的岗位。(It) (汉译英)
【答案】It is the modesty and extensive knowledge that he has shown in the interview that makes him qualified for the position many people are competing for.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句、定语从句和短语。分析可知，本句为it is+强调部分+that+其他结构的强调句，强调部分是句子主语，“谦虚和博学”表达为the modesty and extensive knowledge，“他在面试中表现出来的”处理为修饰“谦虚和博学”的定语从句，关系代词代替先行词the modesty and extensive knowledge在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that引导，从句谓语动词“表现”用show，陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，因此这个主语部分翻译为the modesty and extensive knowledge that he has shown in the interview；主句谓语动词“使得”用make表达，陈述客观事实，且主语是抽象概念的名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“使某人胜任……”可用make sb. qualified for表达，形容词qualified作宾补；“这个职位”用the position表达，“许多人争相竞争的”为修饰position的定语从句，定语从句主语“人们”表达为people，谓语动词“竞争……”表达为compete for...，陈述目前正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，代替先行词position在从句中作介词for的宾语，应用关系代词which/that引导，也可省略引导词。综上，本句翻译为It is the modesty and extensive knowledge that he has shown in the interview that makes him qualified for the position many people are competing for.
VI. Guided Writing
57. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请描述漫画内容，并结合自己的生活实际，就漫画主题发表感想。

(参考词汇：搜题程序Search Questions Apps)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】From the picture, we can obviously see that the student is watching with satisfaction with his arms clasped over his chest as the Search Questions App happily is writing down the answers for him. The picture reveals, to a large extent, the current situation that students over-rely on Search Questions Apps to do their homeork without thinking.
Search Questions Apps are just tools that help students learn, rather than making them completely dependent on it. When students really have no clues and can't think out, maybe they draw on relevant ideas from them to understand the question.
In our study, thinking is necessary and extremely vital, but some students start to look for shortcuts in order to satisfy their vanity or finish their homework as soon as possible so as to save time for playing games, which may ruin their academic study. No pains no gains, and any success is not achieved by laziness. Hoping that students can properly treat Search Questions Apps.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求考生描述漫画内容，并结合自己的生活实际，就漫画主题发表感想。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
写下：write down→set down
目前的：current→present
帮助：help→assist
必要的：necessary→essential
2. 句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：No pains no gains, and any success is not achieved by laziness.
拓展句：Any success is not achieved by laziness because no pains no gains.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The picture reveals, to a large extent, the current situation that students over-rely on Search Questions Apps to do their homeork without thinking. (运用了that引导的同位语从句)
【高分句型2】Search Questions Apps are just tools that help students learn, rather than making them completely dependent on it. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
听力：1-10 DDBAA CACBA 11-20 DCC BBA DCAB