安徽省合肥市第一中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份安徽省合肥市第一中学2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析），共26页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15 B， Where is Mrs等内容，欢迎下载使用。
合肥一中2022-2023学年度第二学期高一年级期中考试
英语试卷
时长：120分钟 分值：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. ￡ 19.15 B. ￡9.18 C. ￡9.15
答案是 C
1. When will the woman get on the bus on Saturday?
A. 7:30 a.m. B. 8:00 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m.
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At Mary Johnson’s. B. Outside an art gallery. C. At a painter’s studio.
3. Does Susan know Bill White?
A. She doesn’t know him.
B. She knows him quite well.
C. She knows something about him.
4. Where is Mrs. Smith most probably?
A. At home. B. In a phone box. C. In her office.
5. What had Bob intended to do?
A. Go shopping. B. Go fishing. C. Buy fish.
第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。
6. What does the woman like to be?
A. A journalist. B. A teacher. C. A doctor.
7. What are they talking about?
A. Why they should study. B. Where they should work. C. What subjects they should take.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. Where does the woman plan to go?
A. Italy. B. England. C. Austria.
9. Where did the man buy his walking shoes?
A. At a market. B. In a supermarket. C. In a shoe shop.
10. What does the man advise the woman to take?
A. A jacket. B. A sweater. C. T-shirts.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. Why did the man go to South America?
A. To teach English.
B. To improve his Spanish.
C. To learn about the local life.
12. What project work did the man do?
A. Tourism. B. Farming. C. Construction.
13. What did the man think of the life there?
A . The food was quite good.
B. He did some hard work at first.
C. He got along well with the local people.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。
14. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Modern technology. B. Environment problems. C. Industrial development.
15. What’s the problem in Africa?
A. The country needs wood badly.
B. Farmland is turning into desert.
C. People begin to fight with each other.
16. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and secretary. B. Manager and worker. C. TV hostess and guest.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. Why do college students need to be efficient readers?
A. Because they work full-time.
B. Because they have to do much reading.
C. Because they do part-time jobs.
18. How should students deal with heavy reading assignments?
A. Ignore small details while reading.
B. Read at least several chapters at one sitting.
C. Get key information by reading just once or twice.
19. How do students mark a textbook?
A. Choose one’s own system of marking.
B. Underline the key words and phrases.
C. Highlight details in a red color.
20. How should students prepare for an exam?
A. By reading the textbooks carefully again.
B. By reviewing only the marked parts.
C. By focusing on the notes in the margins.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Exploit your parking space
An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to £200 or £300 a week. Put an advertisement（广告）for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.
Rent a room
Spare room? Not only will a lodger（房客）earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program, you won’t have to pay any tax on the first £4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.
Make money during special events
Don’t want a full-time lodger? Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.
Live on set
Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long your home is needed. A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free—but you will be charged if your home gets picked.
Use your roof
You need the right kind of roof, but some energy companies pay the cost of fixing solar equipment(around￡14,000), and let you use the energy produced for nothing. In return, they get paid for unused energy fed back into the National Grid. However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.
1. If you earn ￡5000 from renting a room in one year, the tax you need to pay will be based on ______.
A. ￡800 B. ￡4500 C. ￡500 D. 5000
2. If you want to use energy free, you have to_____.
A. sign an agreement with the government
B. keep the roof unchanged for within 25 years
C. sell the roof to some energy companies
D. pay around ￡14,000 for the equipment
3. For whom the text most probably written?
A. Lodgers. B. Advertisers.
C. Online companies D. House owners.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告类短文。文章以房东的口吻介绍了房子的基本情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句you won’t have to pay any tax on the first £4500 you make per year.知，4500以内不用付税款，你只需要为超出的500付税款。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一句However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier, which could prevent you from changing the roof.知所签订的合同是要求25年不换房顶。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。综合全文，从多处If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to £200 or £300 a week.、If you live in the capital, renting a room out可知这是房东写的文章。故选D。

B
The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can call up music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer simple questions and control smart appliances. Even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are being widely used in smart phones, too: Apple’s Siri handles over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk?
Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touch screens, were welcomed as much easier ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for a “user interface(界面)” at all. Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, more powerful than people can imagine today.
Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking (Amazon is said to be working on an Echo device with a built-in screen). But voice is sure to account for a growing share of people’s interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call centres. However, to reach its full potential, the technology requires further breakthroughs and a resolution of the tricky questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.
Computer-dictation systems have been around for years. But they were unreliable and required lengthy training to learn a specific user’s voice. Computer’s new ability to recognise almost anyone’s speech dependably without training is the latest manifestation (证明) of the power of “deep learning”, an artificial intelligence technique in which a software system is trained to use millions of examples, usually selected from the Internet. Thanks to deep learning, machines now nearly equal humans in transcription accuracy, computerized translation systems are improving rapidly and text-to-speech systems are becoming less robotic and more natural-sounding. Computers are, in short, getting much better at handling natural language in all its forms.
Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and talk in a more natural manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of language. That is the most difficult aspect of the problem and, if voice-driven computing is truly to flourish, one that must be overcome. Computers must be able to understand context in order to maintain a coherent conversation about something, rather than just responding to simple, one-off (一次性的) voice commands, as they mostly do today (“Hey, Siri, set a timer for ten minutes”). Researchers in universities and at companies are working on this problem, building “bots” that can hold more detailed conversations about more complex tasks, from searching information to making travel arrangements.
Many voice-driven devices are always listening, waiting to be activated(激活). Some people are already concerned about the implications of internet-connected microphones listening in every room and from every smart phone. Not all audio is sent to the cloud - devices wait for a trigger phrase (“Alexa”, “OK, Google”, “Hey, Cortana”, or “Hey, Siri”) before they start passing the user’s voice to the servers that actually handle the requests - but when it comes to storing audio, it is unclear who keeps what and when.
4. According to Paragraph l, the Amazon Echo ________.
A. has been sold out before Christmas
B. has been used by most American families
C came on the market later than Apple’s Siri
D. is more useful than smart phones in dictating e-mails
5. What can we learn about computers’ deep learning from the passage?
A. It is vital to accurate identification of human voices.
B. It is almost the same as the computer-dictation system.
C. It has helped machines understand the meaning of language.
D. It has helped machines beat humans in accuracy and reliability.
6. What are some users of voice-driven devices concerned about?
A The devices will be in charge of their life.
B. The devices need to be activated before working.
C. They are in the dark about their data’s ownership.
D. Their voices can be recognized by every smart phone.
7. What’s the author’s attitude towards voice-driven technology?
A. Worried. B. Doubtful.
C. Supportive. D. Objective.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。亚马逊Echo是一款语音驱动的电脑，它可以放在桌面上，可以应答Alexa这个名字，可以调出音乐曲目和电台，讲笑话，回答简单的问题，控制智能家电。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第1段The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can call up music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer simple questions and control smart appliances. Even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. 和 Voice assistants are being widely used in smart phones, too: Apple’s Siri handles over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. 可知，亚马逊Echo是一款语音驱动的电脑，它可以放在桌面上，可以应答Alexa这个名字，可以调出音乐曲目和电台，讲笑话，回答简单的问题，控制智能家电。但是和苹果手机语音助手使用广泛度相比有很大差距，由此可判断亚马逊Echo比苹果的Siri晚上市。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and talk in a more natural manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of language. That is the most difficult aspect of the problem and, if voice-driven computing is truly to flourish, one that must be overcome.可知，虽然深度学习意味着机器可以更可靠地识别语音，以更自然的方式说话，但它们仍然不理解语言的含义。这是该问题最困难的方面，如果语音驱动计算要真正蓬勃发展，就必须克服这个问题。所以，关于计算机的深度学习，我们能从文章中学到了，它对人类声音的准确识别至关重要。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Not all audio is sent to the cloud - devices wait for a trigger phrase (“Alexa”, “OK, Google”, “Hey, Cortana”, or “Hey, Siri”) before they start passing the user’s voice to the servers that actually handle the requests - but when it comes to storing audio, it is unclear who keeps what and when.可知并不是所有的音频都被发送到云端——设备在开始将用户的声音传递给真正处理请求的服务器之前，会等待一个触发短语（“Alexa”、“OK、Google”、“Hey、Cortana”或“Hey、Siri”），但在存储音频时，还不清楚是谁保存了什么以及何时保存。由此可知，声控设备的一些用户担心自己无法了解数据的所有权。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Many voice-driven devices are always listening, waiting to be activated(激活)．Some people are already concerned about the implications of internet-connected microphones listening in every room and from every smart phone.可知许多语音驱动设备一直在监听，等待被激活。有些人已经开始关注联网麦克风对每个房间和每个智能手机监听的影响。结合作者在文中描述了正反双方的观点，因此他对声控设备的态度是客观的。故选D。
C
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in the restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments——over a fork, or who had more water in a glass--never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I am afraid that it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli(刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting(互动)with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy(亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they will only know how to be lonely,” she said.
8. What did Willow and Luca fight about?
A. Little things. B. iPads.
C. Delicious food. D. Interesting things.
9. How did the author’s sister feel about offering children iPads?
A. She loved doing it very much B. She was uncertain about its effects.
C. She felt it was worth a try. D. She felt surprised at its effect.
10. According to Dr. Small, what should parents do?
A. Provide their children with various technologies.
B. Teach their children communication skills.
C. Limit their children’s screen time.
D. Talk to their children at the dinner table.
11. What is Sherry Turkle worried?
A. Children are afraid of taking risks.
B. Children try to escape from the real world.
C. Children can’t deal with time when they have to be alone.
D. Children can’t live without electronic devices.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实例说明了使用电子产品对孩子的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The arguments——over a fork, or who had more water in a glass--never stopped. (争论——关于叉子，或者谁的杯子里的水更多——从来没有停止过。)”可知，Willow和Luca因为一些小东西而争吵。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中作者的姐妹所说“I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I am afraid that it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future. (我不想在餐桌上给他们iPads，但如果iPads能占用他们一个小时，这样我们就可以安静地吃饭，我通常就会把iPads给他们。我担心这对他们不好。我确实担心这会让他们认为将来在餐桌上使用电子产品是可以的。)”可以推知，她不确定提供给孩子iPads会带来什么影响。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli(刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting(互动)with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills. (洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学长寿中心主任Gary Small博士说，大脑对刺激非常敏感，比如iPad和智能手机屏幕，如果人们在一项技术上花费太多的时间，而与餐桌上的父母互动的时间就更少了，这可能会妨碍某些沟通技能的发展。)”可以推知，Dr. Small认为，父母应该限制孩子看屏幕的时间。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy(亲密) without risk. (她担心，那些没有学会真实互动的孩子，他们的互动往往是不完美的，他们将会了解一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。)”以及Sherry Turkle所说“If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they will only know how to be lonely. (如果你不教孩子如何独处，他们只知道如何孤独。)”可知，Sherry Turkle担心，孩子们没有学会真实的互动，无法处理他们必须独处的时间。故选C项。
D
In 2015, researchers from Australia's Deakin University published one of the first studies measuring food's physical effect on the left hippocampus(海马体), a seahorse-shaped brain region crucial for memory, learning, and decision making. It is also one of the first areas to shrink in people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia (痴呆).255 people filled out diet surveys and then underwent MRI scans(磁共振扫描成像) that measured their brains. Four years later, they returned for another scan in response to a request from the researchers.
The study found that the left hippocampus was bigger and heavier in the healthy eaters than in the unhealthy ones, regardless of age, sex, weight, exercise habits, or general health. That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia. Healthy eating doesn't just prevent brain decline. It raises scores on thinking and memory tests, according to a study published in March 2019 that tracked 2,621 American women and men for 30 years."Green leafy vegetables have good effects that may protect both females and males against cognitive(认知的）decline and dementia," says lead researcher Claire McEvoy, RD, of the Centre for Public Health at Queen's University Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Even a little healthy food goes a long way. According to a 2018 Rush University study that tracked 960 people for 4.7 years, participants who ate just 1.3 extra servings of green leafy vegetables a day showed cognitive abilities similar to those of people 11 years younger.
How are these power foods working with your brain cells? Animal and test-tube experiments suggest that compounds in healthy diets help new cells make copies of DNA when they divide and multiply. Meanwhile, high-fat, high-sugar processed foods harm brain cells.
While food serves as an important brain protector, experts say brain supplements(补品)aren't all that effective. Studies show that they don't make brain cells active in a significantly positive way.＂Let the buyer be cautious," says David Hogan, MD, a specialist at the University of Calgary.A study of nootropics(益智药) in the November 2019 Journal of the American Medical Association revealed that the unapproved drug-piracetam(乙酰胺吡咯烷酮) was found in four out of five brands tested, at levels that could cause side effects such as depression.
12. Why did the researchers have the 255 people return for another MRI scan four years later?
A. To test whether they had Alzheimer's disease.
B. To see what effects diets had on the left hippocampus.
C. To study how they kept healthy in the four years.
D. To deepen their research into Alzheimer's disease.
13. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. Healthy eating helps to reduce the risk of dementia.
B. Unhealthy diet is a major contributing factor in cognitive decline.
C. Age and sex have nothing to do with our general health.
D. Plant-based diets have greater effects on women than men.
14. Which of the following would David Hogan most probably agree with?
A. Brain supplements are as helpful as healthy diets.
B. We'd better take brain supplements for convenience.
C We should be careful when taking brain supplements.
D. Brain supplements have as many side effects as processed foods.
15. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Yes to Green Leafy Vegetables
B. Yes to Nootropics
C. No to Intelligence
D. No to Dementia
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了健康饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对大脑的影响，可以预防老年痴呆。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“In 2015, researchers from Australia's Deakin University published one of the first studies measuring food's physical effect on the left hippocampus”（2015年，澳大利亚迪肯大学的研究者公布了一项研究，这项研究是最早测试食物对于左海马体的影响中的一项研究。）和“255 people filled out diet surveys and then underwent MRI scans that measured their brains. Four years later, they returned for another scan in response to a request from the researchers.”（255人填写了饮食调查报告，然后进行检查大脑的磁共振扫描。四年后，应研究者的要求，他们回来进行另一次扫描。）可知，四年前，255人进行检查大脑的磁共振扫描，参与了测试食物对于左海马体的影响的这项研究。由此推知，四年后重新大脑扫描，也是为了这项研究。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia. ”（那意味着吃正确的食物，不吃错误的东西，能够帮助减少思维能力和记忆力的下降，这些下降会造成痴呆。）可知，健康饮食可以减少造成痴呆的思维能力和记忆力的下降。由此推知，健康饮食有降低痴呆的可能性。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“While food serves as an important brain protector, experts say brain supplements aren't all that effective. Studies show that they don't make brain cells active in a significantly positive way. 'Let the buyer be cautious,' says David Hogan”（虽然食物是重要的大脑保护者，但是专家说大脑补品并不总是有效的。研究表明这些补品不是以一种积极的方式让大脑活跃。David Hogan说让购买者小心谨慎些。）可知，大脑补品并不是总是对大脑有积极作用的的，购买时要小心。由此推知，David Hogan认为吃大脑补品时候要小心谨慎。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“That means eating the right foods and skipping the wrong stuff could help protect against declines in thinking and memory that lead to dementia.”（那意味着吃正确的食物，不吃错误的东西，能够帮助减少思维能力和记忆力的下降，这些下降会造成痴呆。）以及第二段中“Green leafy vegetables have good effects that may protect both females and males against cognitive decline and dementia”（绿叶蔬菜有很好的效果，可以防止男性和女性认知能力的下降以及痴呆。）可知，这些都是研究的结果。再结合全文内容，本文围绕研究的开始，过程以及结果进行说明，通过这些研究的结果，知道了健康饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对大脑健康的积极影响。所以，我们要吃绿叶蔬菜。即“吃绿叶蔬菜”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had someone tell you "If you eat before bed, you are more likely to get fat!"? ___16___This belief originated when researchers found the relation between individuals snacking late at night and having a BMI that categorizes them as obese(肥胖的）。
Is eating late at night, especially after 8 pm, really going to make you gain weight? One theory is that your metabolism(新陈代谢） slows down when you are asleep.___17___ Thus the calories you eat right before bed would not be burned off as much as they would be while you're awake. Although the science seems pretty sound, recent studies have shown that metabolism changes very little, if at all, while you are asleep. ___18___ The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active. All of these actions take energy, meaning while we are asleep, we are still burning calories.
___19___As we know, one physiological effect of insulin(胰岛素）is storing fat. Food being consumed late at night will more likely be stored away due to the higher levels of insulin present in the blood system. However, insulin levels at night are shown to be no different than insulin levels during mid-day. If it is true that eating with high insulin levels causes you to gain weight, anyone eating anytime after the morning will become fat.
So how come individuals have higher BMI s when they snack at night? It is simply a result of eating too many calories. Snacks that individuals tend to eat during the night are usually high in sugar and calories, such as ice cream, candy, potato chips and soft drinks. Put simply, if you eat more calories than you burn,regardless of the time of the day, you will gain weight. ___20___
A. With a slow metabolism, few calories are being burned.
B. While asleep, your body still functions in many ways.
C. All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.
D. The time these snacks are consumed does not matter.
E. Without ever questioning it, people quickly assume this to be true.
F. Besides, insulin levels are dramatically lower in the morning than at night.
G. Another theory is that late-night snacking leads to rising insulin levels.
【答案】16. E 17. A 18. B 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过常听到的一句话“睡前吃东西会胖！”这一观点引出两种理论：1.睡着时，代谢比较慢；2.睡着时，胰岛素分泌较多。最后得出晚上吃零食体重指数会更高是由于摄入太多卡路里，并且和吃零食的时间没有关系。
【16题详解】
上文“Have you ever had someone tell you "If you eat before bed, you are more likely to get fat"?（是否曾有人告诉你“如果你睡前吃东西，你更容易发胖”？）”及下文“This belief originated when researchers found the relation between individuals snacking late at night and having a BMI that categorizes them as obese.（当研究人员发现人们在深夜吃零食和体重指数间的关系时,这一观点就产生了。）”可知，下文所说的“This belief ”指的就是前文提出问题之后，所给出的相关肯或否的回答。E项中的“Without ever questioning it”就是对上文问题的肯定回答，“people quickly assume this to be true.”和下文用深夜零食和体重指数的关系来解释人们为什么认为这是真的一致。故选E项。
【17题详解】
上文“One theory is that your metabolism(新陈代谢） slows down when you are asleep.（一种理论认为，当你睡着时，你的新陈代谢会减慢。）”以及下文“Thus the calories you eat right before bed would not be burned off as much as they would be while you're awake.（因此，睡前摄入的卡路里不会像清醒时那样被消耗掉。）”可知，设空处用来说明新陈代谢减慢和卡路里之间的关系，起到承上启下的作用。A项前半句“With a slow metabolism”承接上文所讲的新陈代谢减慢，后半句“few calories are being burned”引出下文所说的卡路里。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“metabolism changes very little, if at all, while you are asleep.（当你睡着的时候，如果有新陈代谢的话，变化也很小。）”以及下文“The heart is still beating, lungs are still working, and the brain is still very active.（心脏还在跳动，肺还在工作，大脑仍然非常活跃。）”可知，设空处为睡着时，新陈代谢和身体机能的关系。B项前半句“While asleep”承接上文睡着时这一前提，后半句“your body still functions in many ways.”引出下文各项身体器官的机能。故选B项。
【19题详解】
根据文章行文逻辑及前文已经提及的“One theory is …（一个理论是……）”以及下文“As we know, one physiological effect of insulin is storing fat.（众所周知，胰岛素的一个生理作用是储存脂肪）”说明设空处为另一种和胰岛素相关的理论。G项中“Another theory is…”和上文One theory is 相对应，“that late-night snacking leads to rising insulin levels”和下文所提胰岛素和脂肪关系一致。故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“if you eat more calories than you burn, regardless of the time of the day, you will gain weight.（如果你摄入的卡路里比你燃烧的多，不管一天中的哪个时间，你的体重都会增加）”说明卡路里摄入多于燃烧时就会长胖，与摄入时间无关。D项“The time these snacks are consumed does not matter.”与上文一致，说明吃这些零食的时间并不重要。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Early that day, I was so busy caring for our patient’s procedure that needed to be wrapped up. As my day nearly concluded, I was excited to meet my playfellows and ____21____ with them. I was already outside our special area unit in the hospital when a woman suddenly came to me, holding a doctor’s prescription with my name on it. My enthusiasm fell considerably. But, instead of being cheeky, like others would probably do showing ____22____ or impatience, I showed her a heartfelt smile and ____23____ what was written in the prescription, only to find out it wasn’t hers but her ____24____ , and my name on it because the doctor wanted me to give the proper instruction on how to use the bowel (肠) preparation needed for her husband, who was ____25____ for the examination the following day. I met her husband, who was very ____26____ and a good listener. We connected instantly with each other, ____27____ jokes.
The next time we met was during his colonoscopy (结肠镜检查) ____28____ and I assisted him in filling out the papers ____29____ by their insurance company. Given final instructions, they left the hospital. At noon, I was alone cleaning the ____30____ when suddenly I heard a knock on the glass door, thinking it might somebody who would like to ____31____ of our services. I casually looked up and I was ____32____ because my visitors were the patient and his wife again! I opened the door and asked if they needed more ___33___or perhaps forgot something. To my surprise they gave me a packed lunch and a bottle of pineapple juice.
Life has many facets. Its bits and pieces ____34____ you even in your busy days. It could end up with a ____35____or a free lunch. It’s just a matter of thinking differently.
21. A. study B. unite C. relax D. associate
22. A. improvement B. excitement C. disappointment D. embarrassment
23. A. reviewed B. checked C. described D. retold
24. A. son’s B. mother’s C. husband’s D. father’s
25. A. prepared B. scheduled C. allocated D. distributed
26. A. stubborn B. rigid C. merciful D. humorous
27. A. exchanging B. applauding C. providing D. exploiting
28. A. conclusion B. procedure C. operation D. signature
29. A. needed B. offered C. suggested D. adopted
30. A. ward B. bedroom C. corridor D. instrument
31. A. remind B. inform C. inquire D. talk
32. A. taken aback B. torn apart C. paid back D. cut in
33. A. medication B. information C. comfort D. support
34 A. touch B. hurt C. bother D. defend
35. A. surprise B. thought C. complaint D. bargain
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者是一位医护人员，在繁忙的一天即将结束时，她期待着与朋友一起去放松。这时候，医生让一对夫妇来找她寻求指导。尽管内心热情减退，但她还是热心帮助了他们。再次见面时，她又给了他们帮助。让她感动的是，那对夫妇给她送来午饭和菠萝汁。由此感叹，忙碌的生活有时也有惊喜。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的一天快结束时，我很兴奋能见到我的同伴，和他们一起放松。A. study学习；B. unite团结；C. relax放松；D. associate联系。根据“As my day nearly concluded”及语境可知，一天的工作结束了，应是和伙伴们一起去放松，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我没有像其他人那样摆脸色，表现出失望或不耐烦，而是向她露出真诚的微笑，检查了处方上写的东西，才发现那不是她的，而是她丈夫的，上面还有我的名字，因为医生希望我正确指导如何使用她丈夫需要的肠道准备，他定于第二天接受检查。A. improvement改善，提高；B. excitement兴奋，激动；C. disappointment失望；D. embarrassment尴尬。空处和“impatience”并列，根据“being cheeky”及语境可知，要下班时来了一位病人，无法如愿下班，其他人面对这种情况可能会感到失望或不耐烦，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reviewed回顾，反思；B. checked检查；C. described描述；D. retold复述。根据“only to find out…”可知，此处指检查处方上的内容，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词所有格辨析。句意同上。A. son’s儿子的；B. mother’s妈妈的；C. husband’s丈夫的；D. father’s爸爸的。根据下文“how to use the bowel (肠) preparation needed for her husband”可知，处方上的是她丈夫的名字，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prepared准备；B. scheduled安排，为……安排时间；C. allocated分配；D. distributed分配，分发。此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词是her husband，由下文“for the examination the following day”可知，她的丈夫被医生安排好第二天做检查。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我遇到了她的丈夫，他很幽默，是个很好的倾听者。A. stubborn固执的；B. rigid严格的，僵硬的；C. merciful仁慈的；D. humorous幽默的。结合下文“jokes”可知，她丈夫很幽默，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们立刻建立了联系，互相开玩笑。A. exchanging交换；B. applauding鼓掌；C. providing提供；D. exploiting开发，利用。根据“We connected instantly with each other”可知，此处是指互相开玩笑，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们第二次见面是在他的结肠镜检查过程中，我帮他填写了保险公司需要的文件。A. conclusion结论；B. procedure程序，过程；C. operation手术，操作；D. signature签名。根据下文“I assisted him in filling out the papers…”可知，作者帮助他填写保单，由此得知当时是肠镜检查的过程中。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. needed需要；B. offered提供；C. suggested建议；D. adopted采取，收养。根据空前的“the papers(文件)”和空后的“by their insurance company(他们的保险公司)”可判断出，此处是保险公司所需要的一些文件。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：中午，我一个人在擦仪器，突然听到玻璃门上传来敲门声，我想可能是有人要咨询我们的服务。A. ward病房；B. bedroom卧室；C. corridor走廊；D. instrument仪器，器械。根据“At noon”及语境可知，作者是一名医护人员，中午时应该是在清洗“仪器”，打扫病房应该是医院的保洁员做的事情，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. remind提醒；B. inform通知；C. inquire询问；D. talk谈论。根据空前的“somebody who would like to”和空后的“of our services”可以推测出，作者听到有人敲玻璃门，想着可能是有人想要咨询一些问题，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不经意地抬起头，我吃了一惊，因为我的访客又是病人和他的妻子！A. taken aback大吃一惊；B. torn apart拆开；C. paid back偿还，报复；D. cut in打断，插嘴。根据“because my visitors were the patient and his wife again”可知，作者发现又是那对夫妇，感到惊讶。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我打开门，问他们是否需要更多的信息，或者可能忘记了什么。A. medication药物；B. information信息；C. comfort安慰；D. support支持。根据“or perhaps forgot something”及语境可知，作者询问那对夫妇再次来访的目的，是不是还需要咨询什么信息，或者忘记了什么东西，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在你忙碌的日子里，它的点点滴滴也会触动你。A. touch感动；B. hurt受伤；C. bother困扰；D. defend防御。根据上文“To my surprise they gave me a packed lunch and a bottle of pineapple juice.(令我吃惊的是，他们给了我盒饭和一瓶菠萝汁)”可知，这对夫妇出院后返回来给了作者一份午饭和菠萝汁，作者很惊讶的同时也有所感触，因此作者感悟到这些生活的点滴能让人感动，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可能以投诉或免费午餐告终。A. surprise惊讶；B. thought想法；C. complaint抱怨，投诉；D. bargain交易，便宜货。结合上文内容可知，作者本来到了下班时间，来了病人可能会抱怨，但作者克制了自己，所以收获了一份免费的午饭，由句中的or可知，与免费午餐相反的是可能会抱怨。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Mary families in the United States have a ____36____(large) income now than ever before, but people are finding ____37____ difficult to make ends meet anyway.
___38___ isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay ____39____ the necessities of life. For many years now, the cost of living has increased ____40____(great), so the value of the dollar has decreased.
No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps ____41____(increase), but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go ____42____. At the same time, if there’s a ____43____(short) of goods, the prices also increase.
Families need to know ____44____ happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. Budgeting ____45____(help) you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.
【答案】36. larger
37. it 38. Why
39. for 40. greatly
41. increasing
42. up 43. shortage
44. what 45. Helps
【解析】
【分析】美国的很多家庭现在的收入比以往任何时候都多，但人们发现无论如何都很难维持收支平衡。本文对这一现象做了分析论述。
【36题详解】
考查比较级。根据than可知句子用比较级，故答案为larger。
【37题详解】
考查it的用法。find +it +形容词+动词不定式，此处it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。故答案为it。
【38题详解】
考查疑问词。为什么一美元的价值不像以前那么值钱了？故答案为Why。
【39题详解】
考查固定词组。经济学家说，生活成本是家庭必须为生活必需品支付的钱。pay for为---付钱。故答案为for。
【40题详解】
考查副词。此处increase是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为greatly。
【41题详解】
考查固定用法。没有人完全理解为什么生活成本持续上升，但经济学家认为，工人和生产者可以使价格上涨。keep doing sth.继续做某事，故答案为increasing。
【42题详解】
考查固定词组。如果对某些商品有需求，这些商品的价格就会上涨。go up上涨，故答案为up。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。与此同时，如果商品短缺，价格也会上涨。a shortage of缺少---，故答案为shortage。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。家庭需要知道他们的钱发生了什么。动词know后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案为what。
【45题详解】
考查时态。当生活成本增加时，预算可以帮助你明智地花钱。此处是动名词做主语，一般现在时态，谓语动词用单数第三人称，故答案为helps。
第四部分 单句填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或根据提示用单词的正确形式填空，每空 1 分，满分 25 分)
46. Our plans need to be more ______ (灵活的) enough to meet the needs of everyone.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】flexible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们的计划需要更加灵活，以满足每个人的需要。空格处用形容词作表语，“灵活的”的形容词是flexible，和空前的more构成比较级，故填flexible。
47. When it comes to job interviews, first _______ (印象) are important. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】impressions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：面试的时候，第一印象是最重要的。分析可知，空处为名词做主语，表示“印象”为impression，空后的are表示用复数。故填impressions。
48. With final examinations ______ (靠近), we are supposed to work harder and harder. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】approaching
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着期末考试的临近，我们应该更加努力地学习。“靠近”用动词approach。这里为with的复合结构，宾语final examinations与approach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填approaching。
49. In many countries, restaurants will c______ you 10% of your bill for their service.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】charge##harge
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在许多国家，餐馆会收取你账单10%的服务费。根据首字母提示及句意可知，此处使用动词charge“收费”，will后接动词原形。故填charge。
50. Despite his disabled body, he is a man with a strong sense of responsibility, one worthy of our a_______ . (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】admiration##dmiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管他的身体残疾，但他是一个有强烈责任感的人，一个值得我们钦佩的人。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式在句中作宾语。根据首字母提示及句意，故填admiration。
51. A self-driving taxi developed by Baidu has completed road testing and got p ___________​​​ (允许) to open up to the general public.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】permission##ermission
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：百度开发的一辆自动驾驶出租车已经完成了道路测试，并获准向公众开放。get permission to do sth.得到许可去做某事。根据中英文提示及句意，故填permission。
52. The medicines you are c______(当前) taking could be affecting your balance. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】currently##urrently
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：你正在服用的药物可能会影响你的平衡。修饰动词，用副词形式。根据中英文提示及句意，故填currently。
53. By opening such a novel, I can leave behind all my burdens and annoyance and enter into a wonderful and ___________ (神秘的) world where I am now a new character. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】mysterious
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：打开这样一本小说，我可以把所有的负担和烦忧都抛在脑后，进入一个美妙而神秘的世界，在那里我是一个全新的角色。根据设空后的名词world可知，设空处需要填写形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填mysterious。
【点睛】
54. Can you think of some other ______ (方面) where American English is different from British English? (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】aspects
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能想到美式英语和英式英语在其他方面的不同吗？“方面”是aspect，可数名词，other后可跟名词的复数，故填aspects。
55. I would a________ it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】appreciate
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你能提前告诉我你是否能来，我将不胜感激。结合句意，分析句子结构，可知题干为固定句型：I would appreciate it if…(如果……，我将不胜感激)。故填appreciate。
56. Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high standards for ______ (视觉的) design. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】visual
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于广告业的蓬勃发展，人们已经习惯了高标准的视觉设计。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填形容词visual，作定语，修饰名词design。故填visual。
57. When the accident happened, the police was just on the ______ (现场). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】 scene
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：事故发生时，警察正好在现场。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用名词scene，on the scene“在现场”。故填scene。
58. Let me give you some carpet p______ (式样) to take home to see which matches your house. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】patterns##atterns
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：让我给你一些地毯图案带回家，看看哪一种适合你的房子。形容词some后接可数名词的复数形式。根据中英文提示及句意，故填patterns。
59. A few students h______ (犹豫) to start and waited to see what the rest of the class would do. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】hesitated##esitated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：几个学生犹豫着开始。他们等着看班上的其他人会怎么做。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知应填动词hesitate，根据后文waited 可知为一般过去时。故填hesitated。
60. The photographs will be on e________ in the gallery until the end of the month.
【答案】exhibition##xhibition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些照片将在画廊展出，直到这个月末。根据所给出句子和首字母提示可推出是名词exhibition“展览”，on exhibition“展出”，故填exhibition。
61. There has been positive ______ (反应) to the proposal of helping the disabled, the impact of which will be lasting especially for younger ones. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】reaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：帮助残疾人的提议得到了积极的反应，其影响将是持久的，特别是对年轻人。positive是形容词，修饰名词，“反应”的名词是reaction，此处是不可数名词，故填reaction。
62. Doing some exercise can help you to feel physically as well as m__________ relaxed. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】mentally##entally
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：做一些运动可以帮助你感到身心放松。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为副词mentally“精神上”修饰形容词，满足句意要求。故填mentally。
63. He has the ________(潜力)to become a world-class musician. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】potential
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他有成为世界级音乐家潜力。根据汉语提示可知，potential潜力，不可数名词作宾语，符合题意。故填potential。
64. The experts advocate that we should protect the environment so that the future g______ can enjoy the blue sky as we do. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】generation##eneration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：专家们提倡我们应该保护环境，这样我们的后代就能和我们一样享受蓝天。根据首字母提示及句意可知，此处使用名词generation，作主语，future generation表示“后代”。故填generation。
65. At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but e______ he gave in as she was so confident about her skills. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】eventually##ventually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：一开始罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术很有信心。根据单词首字母以及句意可知空格处用副词eventually作状语，修饰整个句子，eventually意为“最终”。故填eventually。
66. A tree-planting project was set up, aiming to raise students’ environmental a______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】awareness##wareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了提高学生的环保意识，学校开展了植树活动。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词awareness“意识”，作宾语，不可数。故填awareness。
67. It’s believed that keeping a proper balance between study and rest makes us e______ (精力充沛的). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】energetic##nergetic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们相信在学习和休息之间保持适当的平衡使我们精力充沛。make+宾语+形容词，表示“使……处于某种状态”。根据中英文提示及句意，故填energetic。


68. Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big c______ (投入), but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】commitment##ommitment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：放弃工作回去接受全日制教育是一个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。big是形容词，修饰名词，由首字母提示c可知，“投入”的名词是commitment，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填commitment。
69. When we lost the game, Mr. Smith shared us an i______ story, which cheered us up. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】inspiring##nspiring
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我们输了比赛时，史密斯先生给我们讲了一个鼓舞人心的故事，使我们振作起来。修饰名词story，前用形容词形式。修饰物，用-ing形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填inspiring。
70. Fortunately, the government has u________ (着手做，从事) the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs since the People’s Republic of China was founded. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】undertaken##ndertaken
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：幸运的是，自中华人民共和国成立以来，政府一直在保护许多最古老的胡同。根据单词首字母以及提示可知应填动词undertake，作谓语，结合has可知为现在完成时。故填undertaken。
第五部分：写作(满分15分)
71. 假定你是某国际高中合唱团的团长李华。现合唱团招新，请你写一篇合唱团的招募广告，内容包括：
1.招新条件；
2.社团简介；
3.试唱安排。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Singers Wanted
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The School Choir
【答案】One possible version:
Singers Wanted
We warmly seek experienced singers in all voice parts to train and perform with us in our 2022-2023 Season.
As a society enjoying immense popularity, our choir participates in various special events like graduation ceremony, and annual interschool musical festival. Joining our choir enables you to make connections with other fellow students and update your knowledge of music, say, rhythm, music theory, and harmony. Undoubtedly, it will be fun and more than fun.
Why not have a shot in the audition? See you in the music hall at 3 p. m. on Friday.
The School Choir
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇校合唱团的招募广告。
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻找：seek→look for
极大的：immense→ great
参加：participate in→take part in
尝试：have a shot→have a try
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, it will be fun and more than fun.
拓展句：There is no doubt that it will be fun and more than fun.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As a society enjoying immense popularity, our choir participates in various special events like graduation ceremony, and annual interschool musical festival.(运用了现在分词作后置定语)
【高分句型2】Joining our choir enables you to make connections with other fellow students and update your knowledge of music, say, rhythm, music theory, and harmony.(运用了动名词短语作主语)