湖北省恩施州高中教育联盟2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含听力）

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恩施州高中教育联盟2022年度春季学期高一期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Have a rest. B. Walk further. C. See a doctor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: How far did you walk?
M: About 10 miles. I meant to walk further but my foot hurts. Do you think I should see a doctor?
W: Rest it for a while first and see if it gets better.
2. What caused the man’s sleeping problem?
A. The cats. B. The babies. C. The lights.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I know you’re a light sleeper. Did those cats keep you awake last night?
W: No, I slept like a baby. I didn’t even hear a thing.
M: I usually sleep well, but because of them, I couldn’t sleep at all.
3. What will the weather be like shortly?
A. Cloudy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you have your umbrella with you? It is forecast to start raining heavily in the next ten minutes.
W: Are you joking? It is so sunny outside. I don’t see any clouds either. I am not carrying my umbrella with me! The weather changes so fast!
4. How many dogs does the woman have?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Those are nice dogs. What are their names?
W: This one is Paddy and the other is Smudge. They have a sister called Chloe, but she’s at home today.
M: It must cost you a lot for dog food.
5. Why is the woman calling the man?
A. To change an arrangement. B. To cancel a meeting. C. To arrange an event.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi James. I’m running late, so could you collect me at 7:30 instead of 7:00 p.m.?
M: Of course. We can go another evening if it’s not convenient.
W: No it’s OK. Thirty minutes won’t make much difference.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What do the speakers intend to do?
A. Stay late at work. B. Study together. C. Go out for dinner.
7. Where will the speakers meet?
A. At the parking lot. B. At the office. C. At the restaurant.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Would you like to go out for dinner tonight?
W: I’d love to. What time?
M: Would 7:30 be OK? Or 7:00 if you want to go earlier.
W: No, 7:30 is fine. I finish work at 5:00.
M: Shall I pick you up from your house?
W: It’s hard to find a parking space near where I live. Could I meet you at the restaurant?
M: Yes, that’s fine. Well, there’s an Italian place in town, or would you prefer Indian or Thai?
W: Italian sounds fine.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a post office. B. In an airplane. C. In a bookstore.
9. How much will the man pay in total?
A. $20. B. $25. C. $45.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I’d like to post this package to Australia please.
W: Certainly. What are the contents of the package?
M: It’s three books.
W: What is the total value of the contents?
M: Each book is $15, so $45 in total.
W: Would you like to buy insurance for the package for $5?
M: Yes, please.
W: OK, so with the size of the package, we can send it standard post, which will take 10 days.
M: Is there anything faster?
W: Yes, airmail only takes two days but it’s $20.
M: That’s fine. Let’s go with that.
W: OK. Then you need to pay $25 altogether.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. Who cleaned the car at the man’s house?
A. The man himself. B. His sister. C. His father.
11. What did the man think of his jobs?
A. Boring. B. Stressful. C. Enjoyable.
12. What did the woman use to do in her family?
A. Clean her room. B. Take out the rubbish. C. Do the cooking.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Looking back, I think my family was very traditional.
W: In what way?
M: In the roles we played when we helped out. I have two sisters and they usually did cleaning and cooking, and I did things like taking out the rubbish and cleaning the car.
W: In my family, my dad used to do stuff like that and my brother and I didn’t do much work.
M: Um... it’s hard to believe that!
W: Well, did you ever share your sisters’ work?
M: No, it never even occurred to me. When I was young, I just do what they tell me to do, and I was happy that way. I liked cleaning the car and taking out the rubbish—I enjoyed anything that was physical. I didn’t enjoy cleaning.
W: I used to clean my own room, but that’s all I did.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Family members. C. Teammates.
14. What does the man usually do on Sundays?
A. Watch TV. B. Play sports. C. Go to bed early.
15. What day is it today?
A. Sunday. B. Monday. C. Friday.
16. Who is the man’s favorite athlete?
A. Su Yiming. B. Eileen Gu. C. Xu Mengtao.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, you look tired this morning. Did you stay here in the office all night?
M: No, I stayed up late last night, watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing.
W: I didn’t know you were interested in winter sports.
M: I’m not, but there’s something about the Olympics that makes them important to watch.
W: I know what you mean. My family and I are the same.
M: I wonder why that is.
W: It’s because it is a very big event, and there are interesting personal stories, plus there is a lot of national pride.
M: You’re right. Usually, I go to bed early on Sunday evening so that I can feel fresh for work the next day, but last night 1 watched TV until 2:00 a.m.
W: Did you watch Eileen Gu? Isn’t she amazing?
M: Oh yes, she’s my favorite in the whole game so far. But I’ve been interested in Su Yiming and Xu Mengtao as well.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. Introducing changes within the school.
B. Welcoming new students to school.
C. Warning students about new school rules.
18. What subject does Mr. Walden teach?
A. Physics. B. Computing. C. P.E.
19. Which facility has been built over the summer?
A. A new technology center. B. A new mathematics building. C. A new school library.
20. What has happened to the school meeting hall?
A. It has been made bigger. B. It has been improved. C. It has been moved.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】 Good afternoon, students. This is your headmaster speaking. Firstly, I’d like to welcome you all back. I hope this will be another excellent school year.
Many changes have taken place at the school over the summer. As well as a new group of students, we are also welcoming some new members of staff: Mrs. Hook, who will be teaching physics; Miss Chang, the new head of the English literature department and our new boys P.E. coach, Mr. Walden.
You will also notice that several changes to the school buildings. Computer classes will now take place in the new technology center, located behind the mathematics building. The old computer rooms are now a part of the library, which is now much bigger, and contains thousands of new books. The school meeting hall has been much improved, and we now have a proper stage to perform concerts and plays.
Despite all these changes, the school rules remain the same. Be respectful, be on time, and always do your best. Thank you.
第二部分 阅读（共两节 ，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Best National Parks to Visit in Winter
While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall, there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
The country’s oldest and best-known national park takes on an almost otherworldly atmosphere in winter: the air filled with rolling steam, the strong colors of hot springs, the surrounding white landscapes, let alone the impressive wildlife during this time, like bison, wolves, and playful red foxes. Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people.
Joshua Tree National Park, California
With its giant red rocks and unique trees, you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panorama Loop or Maze Loop. The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky.
Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
A significantly lower number of visitors in winter means you can take in unblocked views of the South Rim, and get to see the rare beauty of the Grand Canyon dusted with snow. For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles.
Virgin Islands National Park, St. John
Surprise! Not all wintertime national park trips need to involve snow. Virgin Islands National Park is most famous for its white-sand beaches. You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations, or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays. You will definitely enjoy a different winter here.
21. Which park will one choose if he/she is interested in stars?
A. Yellowstone National Park. B. Joshua Tree National Park.
C. Grand Canyon National Park. D. Virgin Islands National Park.
22. What do we know about the Grand Canyon National Park?
A. We can have a poor view of the South Rim there. B. It lies in an area with rolling steam and hot springs.
C. There is a slight decline in visitor numbers in winter. D. The Bright Angel Trail is challenging in cold weather.
23. Which activity is mentioned in all of the parks?
A. Hiking. B. Skiing. C. Swimming. D. Hunting.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了美国四个冬季最好的国家公园。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Joshua Tree National Park, California下列段落中“The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park, featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky. (该公园被公认为国际黑暗天空公园，具有几乎零光污染和全国最好的星空景观。)”可知，如果对星星感兴趣，应该选择Joshua Tree 国家公园。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona下列段落中“For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles. (对于那些喜欢冒险和大胆的人，建议徒步 Bright Angel 小径，并有机会看到峡谷的冬季野生动物，包括骡鹿、麋鹿和秃鹰。)”可知，在Grand Canyon国家公园，The Bright Angel 小径在寒冷的天气具有挑战性。故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming下列段落中“Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people. (只要预定一个有导游的徒步旅行，就能从护林员的角度了解公园和当地居民。)”、Joshua Tree National Park, California下列段落中“With its giant red rocks and unique trees, you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panorama Loop or Maze Loop. (这里有巨大的红色岩石和独特的树木，当你花几个小时在全景环或迷宫环徒步旅行时，你会感觉像是踏上了一个陌生的星球。)”、Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona下列段落中“For those adventurous and daring, it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife, including mule deer, elk, and bald eagles. (对于那些喜欢冒险和大胆的人，建议徒步 Bright Angel 小径，并有机会看到峡谷的冬季野生动物，包括骡鹿、麋鹿和秃鹰。)”和Virgin Islands National Park, St. John下列段落中“You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations, or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays. (你也可以徒步到内陆去参观古老的甘蔗种植园，或者冒险去海边与海龟和蝠鲼一起游泳。)”可知，所有的公园都提到了徒步旅行。故选A项。
B
Toni Morrison was an American write who received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels Beloved, Song of Solomon and others explored the way African-Americans search for freedom and identity in a country obsessed (受困扰的) with skin color. Morrison was nearly 40 when she published her first novel The Bluest Eye in 1970. The Nobel Prize committee described her writing as language itself, a language she wants to liberate from race. Her novels discussed America’s past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism. She called her characters “the unfree at the heart of the democratic (民主的) experiment”.
In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, the story of a mother who kills her baby daughter rather than permit her to be born into slavery. It became a best-seller and was later made into a film with Oprah Winfrey. Many Americans admired her as the country’s greatest living writer, including former President Barack Obama.
She was born in 1931. She attended Howard University, an all-black university in Washington, D. C. At Howard, she read African, British and American literature, including writers William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. After a short marriage, she became a single mother of two sons and worked as a book editor in New York.
Several publishers rejected her first book The Bluest Eye but it impressed The New York Times’ book critic John Leonard, who believed Morrison was an important new voice. He said her writing was “so charged with pain and wonder that the novel becomes poetry”.
Morrison enjoyed her literary fame and was proud of her Nobel Prize won in 1993.
24. What can we learn about Toni Morrison from the text?
A. She often communicated with William Faulkner.
B. Morrison’s novels concentrated on black history and racism.
C. Morrison was about 40 when she received the Nobel Prize.
D. She attended a university which accepted both white and black people.
25. Why does the mother in the novel Beloved kill her baby?
A. It is born to be a disabled baby.
B. She has some mental problems.
C. She doesn’t want it to become a slave.
D. The family is too poor to raise the baby.
26. How did Barack Obama like Morrison?
A. He couldn’t think highly of her enough.
B. He considered her as a common writer.
C. He felt that her novels were not so fascinating.
D. He believed her novels had some room for improvement.
27. Which book was rejected by several publishers but left a deep impression on John Leonard?
A. Song of Solomon. B. Beloved.
C. The New York Times. D. The Bluest Eye.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家——托尼·莫里森。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her novels discussed America’s past, focusing on black history and the effects of slavery and racism.(她的小说讨论了美国的过去，重点是黑人历史以及奴隶制和种族主义的影响)”可知，莫里森的小说主要关注黑人历史和种族主义。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1988, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved, the story of a mother who kills her baby daughter rather than permit her to be born into slavery.(1988年，她凭借小说《宠儿》获得了普利策奖。小说讲述的是一位母亲杀死了自己的女婴，而不是让她生下来成为奴隶)”可知，小说《宠儿》中的母亲杀死了自己的孩子，因为她不想让它成为奴隶。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Many Americans admired her as the country’s greatest living writer, including former President BarackObama.(许多美国人敬仰她为美国在世的最伟大的作家，包括前总统奥巴马)”可知，奥巴马对她的评价怎么高都不过分。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Several publishers rejected her first book The Bluest Eye but it impressed The New York Times’ book critic John Leonard(几家出版商拒绝了她的第一本书The blue Eye，但它给The New York Times的书评家John Leonard留下了深刻印象)”可知，The Bluest Eye.这本书被几家出版商拒绝，但给John Leonard留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
C
In the waves of human exploration into space, our brave Chinese people have never stopped the pace of advancing. In just half a century, China has made remarkable aviation exploration success. After landing probes on the lunar and Martian surfaces, China has begun to set its exploratory sights on the core of our solar system—the sun.
Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese tales, the 508-kilogram Chinese H-Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct. 14 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province. It then entered a sun-synchronous orbit about 517 kilometers above Earth.
The spacecraft is China’s first space based solar telescope and is designed to work for at least three years, Wang Wei, project manager of the satellite told China Daily.
Its scientific payload (有效载荷) is an H-alpha imaging spectrograph (成像光谱仪). The H-alpha band is one of the best spectral lines to study solar activity, according to the Global Times. “The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun’s physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists’ studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption,” Wang told China Daily.
Several Chinese satellites, such as the Fengyun 3E meteorological (气象的) satellite, have carried equipment that can collect solar data, but Xihe is the first one dedicated to solar observation.
“Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun,” Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily.
Since the 1960s, NASA has sent dozens of solar orbiters to circle the sun, and in 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned a sample of solar wind. The most recently launched solar mission was Parker Solar Probe in 2018. Europe and Japan also have solar missions, according to the South China Morning Post.
“Our country is ranked No.2 in the world in terms of published research papers on solar observations, but all of the satellite-generated data used by our scientists are from foreign spacecraft,” Zhao told China Daily. “Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.”
28. What do we know about Xihe?
A. It is the world’s first solar observation satellite.
B. It is named after an ancient Chinese scientist.
C. It is a half-ton scientific research satellite.
D. It is expected to work for five years.
29. What is the main task of Xihe according to the text?
A. To observe other satellites around the sun.
B. To adjust the temperature and speed of the sun.
C. To study how solar activity affects life on Earth.
D. To monitor changes in the sun’s physical elements.
30. Why is it important to do research on the sun?
A. It helps scientists learn more about solar history.
B. Solar eruptions may bring human beings disasters.
C. Our reliance on foreign satellites will come to an end.
D. Creatures on Earth would suffer with little knowledge about solar activity.
31. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The significance of the Xihe project.
B. The advantages of the Xihe satellite.
C. The development of China’s space exploration.
D. The ways scientists collect satellite produced data.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述在人类探索太空的浪潮中，勇敢的中国人民从未停止前进的步伐。在月球和火星表面着陆探测器后，中国开始将其探测目标放在我们太阳系的核心——太阳上。10月14日，中国H-Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 500-kilogram Chinese H-Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct. 14 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province.(10月14日，这颗重达500公斤的中国H-Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为“羲和”。)”可知，这颗太阳探测器重达500公斤，也就是半吨，它以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为“羲和”，在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，“羲和”是一颗半吨重的科学研究卫星。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun’s physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists’ studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption,” Wang told China Daily.”(“该仪器能够观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化，如温度和速度，有助于科学家研究太阳喷发期间的动力学和物理，”王告诉《中国日报》。)”可知，这颗探测卫星的任务是观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段““Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun,” Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily.”(中国国家航天局高级官员赵健告诉《中国日报》：“由于太阳活动对地球上的生命有许多影响，所以研究太阳对人类来说很重要。”)”可知，因为太阳活动对地球上的生命影响很多，所以要去研究太阳。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Our country is ranked No. 2 in the world in terms of published research papers on solar observations, but all of the satellite-generated data used by our scientists are from foreign spacecraft,” Zhao told China Daily. “Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.”(“就已发表的太阳观测研究论文而言，我国排名世界第二，但我国科学家使用的所有卫星数据都来自外国航天器，”赵在接受《中国日报》采访时表示。“‘羲和’号将结束对外国卫星的依赖，我们将与世界各地的研究人员分享其成果。”)”可知，最后一段主要说明了“羲和号”的意义。故选A。
D
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team has discovered that subordinate (隶属的)fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are non-breeding females, each being 5–10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they keep this size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by limiting how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive(排他的) to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
32. When a goby grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it_______.
A. faces danger B. has breeding rights
C. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself
33. The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _______.
A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away
34. The experiment showed that the smaller fish_______.
A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willingly
C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish
35. What is the text mainly about?
A. Fish dieting and human dieting. B. Dieting and health.
C. Human dieting. D. Fish dieting.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了最新的研究成果——鱼类为什么会节食。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。从第三段“Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.”可知，当鰕虎鱼的体型增长到与更大竞争对手相差不到5-10%时，它就面临被吃掉的危险。故选A。
【33题详解】
词义判断题。由上句“it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group.”中的“being driven away”提示可知，the evicted fish 指的是“被赶走的鱼”故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。从第四段“To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.”可知，拒绝供给他们额外的食物，而保持小巧，避免打斗。从而可以推断，更小的鱼是心甘情愿地节食地。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。从文章中的第一段“Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result.”和最后一段“The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive(排他的) to humans.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍鱼类为什么会节食。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is the companionship of books as well as of men.____36____
A good book may be among the best of friends. I's the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions.____37____It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and supporting us in age.
____38____They do so just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which they both have for a third. There's a proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think , feel , and sympathize with each other through their favorite author.
Books introduce us into the best society.____39____We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were actors or actresses with them in the scenes which they describe.
There is a story of two men: one was a king, who dreamed every night that he was a beggar; the other was a beggar, who dreamed every night that he was a prince , and lived in a palace.____40____But when we read, we : may not only be kings and live in palaces, but, what is far better, we may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the world, without tiredness ,inconvenience or expense.
A. Imagination is sometimes more vivid than reality.
B. Books are to mankind what memory is to a man.
C. Nothing in books can long survive but what is really good.
D. It doesn't turn its back upon us in times of difficulty or hardship.
E. They bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived.
F. And one should live in the best company whether it may be of books or men.
G. Men discover their liking for each other by the love they each have for a book.
【答案】36. F 37. D 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章介绍了书籍和人类的各种关系，以及阅读所带来的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is the companionship of books as well as of men. (通常看一个人读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴)”说明可以通过一个人读的书籍或是同伴来了解一个人的为人。与F选项And one should live in the best company whether it may be of books or men.(无论是书还是人，我们都应该以最好的为伴)意思一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
上文“It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. (它是最有耐心、最令人愉快的伴侣)”说明书籍对人的陪伴的作用。与D选项It doesn't turn its back upon us in times of difficulty or hardship.(在我们遇到困难的时候，它也不会抛弃我们)语义一致。故选D项。
【38题详解】
下文“They do so just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which they both have for a third. (就像有时两个人因为敬慕同一个人而交了朋友一样)”句中的so为关键词，与上文为指代关系，指代G选项Men discover their liking for each other by the love they each have for a book.(人们通过彼此喜爱一本书而发现彼此的喜爱)，并与之形成并列关系。故选G项。
【39题详解】
下文“We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were actors or actresses with them in the scenes which they describe. (我们能听到他们说了什么，做了什么；我们看到他们，就好像他们真的活着；我们同情他们，与他们一起享受生活；他们的经历变成了我们自己的，我们觉得自己仿佛是他们所描述的场景中的演员)”句中的they为关键词，指的是E选项中的the greatest minds that have ever lived(有史以来最富有才智的人)。故选E项。
【40题详解】
上文“There is a story of two men: one was a king, who dreamed every night that he was a beggar; the other was a beggar, who dreamed every night that he was a prince , and lived in a palace. (有一个关于两个人的故事：一个是国王，他每天晚上都梦见自己是一个乞丐；另一个是乞丐，他每天晚上都梦见自己是一位王子，住在宫殿里)”句中的dreamed与A选项的Imagination相对应。同时，A选项中又与下文“But when we read, we may not only be kings and live in palaces, but, what is far better, we may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the world, without tiredness ,inconvenience or expense. (但是，当我们读书时，我们不仅可以成为国王，住在宫殿里，而且，更妙的是，我们可以神驰群山，或畅游海滨，我们也可遍访世界上最美丽的地方，而无需劳累，也没有什么不方便，更无须花费分文)”形成转折关系。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family. I worked hard at school, and sometimes looked after my younger sister. Still, I found myself regularly unwilling to ____41____ out at home with even the simplest things.
Every Wednesday afternoon, for example, my mother ____42____ me to another town for a piano lesson. During my two-hour lesson, she’d rush to the nearby store and buy a week’s worth of ____43____. Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there, twelve miles back, ____44____ for my lesson, and bought me a candy bar, you’d think I’d be very ____45____ to help her bring the groceries into the house. But I wasn’t. I generally just brought in an arm-load and left the ____46____ for Mom as I ran to my room, shut the door, and started studying.
Don’t get me wrong: even back in my room, I felt ____47____ about not helping my mother more. Deep inside, I wanted to change my ____48____. But I also realized that once I did change, there’d be no going back. Once I took on more responsibility; my parents would start ____49____ more of me. At age fifteen, I sensed that this one small change would ____50____ something much bigger: my personal change from a cared-for, spoiled (被宠坏的) child to a more ____51____, caring and giving young man.
I’ll never forget the Wednesday when I made a(n) ____52____ to jump in and see what happened. Returning home from the lesson, I disappeared into my room, as usual. But once inside, I felt that deep and burning ____53____. Throwing my school books on the bed, I suddenly opened my door and headed back to the garage to help my mother. How happy I felt that day!
Surely, over time, I continued to help out with more housework. The neat thing was, the more I helped out, the better I felt about myself and my place in my family. As Mom and Dad realized they could ____54____ on me more, our trips became far less stressful, too. In short, it was a win-win situation for everyone.
Sometimes the little things we put off doing the longest ____55____ out to be the simplest things to complete. And feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.
41. A. work B. cry C. start D. help
42. A. sent B. guided C. walked D. drove
43. A. groceries B. flowers C. fruits D. vegetables
44. A. paid B. fought C. applied D. planned
45. A. nervous B. unwilling C. confident D. grateful
46. A. one B. other C. rest D. next
47. A. guilty B. curious C. excited D. doubtful
48. A. shape B. world C. career D. way
49. A. warning B. reminding C. informing D. expecting
50. A. tell B. mark C. express D. describe
51. A. responsible B. ambitious C. outgoing D. energetic
52. A. excuse B. statement C. decision D. appointment
53. A. anger B. shame C. delight D. pleasure
54. A. live B. press C. depend D. focus
55. A. make B. turn C. point D. bring
【答案】41. D 42. D 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己之前不喜欢帮妈妈做家务，后来却从一个被照顾，被宠坏的小孩成长到一个负责任的，关爱他人的年轻人，在家里的地位也提高了，每个人都其乐融融。最终作者感悟到有时候我们推迟做的时间最长的小事结果是做起来最简单的。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我发现自己在家里经常不愿意帮忙做事，哪怕是最简单的事情。A. work工作；B. cry哭泣；C. start开始；D. help帮助。根据上文“As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family.(作为一个十几岁的孩子，当我为我的家人做事情的时候，我很懒)”可知，谈到为家人做事情，作者小时候是很懒的，所以不愿帮忙做事甚至是最简单的事情。help out帮忙，倒数第二段中“Surely, over time, I continued to help out with more housework.(当然，随着时间的推移，我继续帮忙做更多的家务)”也有提示。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，每周三下午，我母亲都会开车送我去另一个城镇上钢琴课。A. sent邮寄，发送；B. guided指导；C. walked步行；D. drove开车，驾驶。根据下文“Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there(尽管我妈妈开车送我去了12英里是事实)”可知，妈妈是开车送作者去上钢琴课，故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我两个小时课上，她会冲到附近的商店，买一个星期的杂货。A. groceries食品杂货；B. flowers花；C. fruits水果；D. vegetables蔬菜。根据下文“you’d think I’d be very ____5____ to help her bring the groceries into the house”可知，此处指妈妈去买食品杂货。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到我妈妈开车带我去了12英里，又开了12英里回去，付了我的学费，还给我买了一块糖块，你会觉得我应该很感激地帮她把食品杂货搬回家。A. paid支付；B. fought与……作斗争；C. applied申请；D. planned计划。根据语境，作者在讲妈妈对自己的好，开车12英里送作者去上课，又开车12英里接回来，为作者的钢琴课付钱。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到我妈妈开车带我去了12英里，又开了12英里回去，付了我的学费，还给我买了一块糖块，你会觉得我应该很感激地帮她把食品杂货搬回家。A. nervous紧张的；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. confident自信的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文讲述的妈妈对作者的好及空后“help her bring the groceries into the house”可知，此处指作者本应感激妈妈而帮她把东西提进屋。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查代词和名词词义辨析。句意：我通常只是抱一堆东西进来，把剩下的留给妈妈，然后跑回自己的房间，关上门，开始学习。A. one一个；B. other另一个；C. rest剩余部分；D. next下一个。根据空后“as I ran to my room, shut the door, and started studying”可知，作者抱一堆东西，然后就进房间不管了，把剩下的东西留给妈妈拿。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要误解我：即使回到我的房间，我也为没有更多地帮助我母亲而感到内疚。A. guilty内疚的；B. curious好奇的；C. excited兴奋你的，激动的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据Don’t get me wrong可知，前面提到作者没有帮助妈妈，但是回到房间会感觉到很内疚，文章最后一句“And feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.(每一天都是开心的，而不是内疚)”也有提示。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在内心深处，我想改变我的方式。A. shape形状，外形；B. world世界；C. career事业；D. way方式，方法。根据语境，内心深处，作者想改变自己的方式，而不是形状，世界或事业。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦我承担了更多的责任；我父母会对我有更高的期望。A. warning警告；B. reminding提醒；C. informing通知；D. expecting期望。结合“Once I took on more responsibility”及语境可知，此处指一旦承担了更多的责任，父母会对自己有更高的期望。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十五岁的时候，我意识到这个小小的改变将标志着更大的东西：我从一个被关心、被宠坏的孩子变成一个更有责任感、更有爱心、更慷慨的年轻人。A. tell告诉；B. mark标志着，是……的迹象；C. express表达；D. describe描述。结合语境可知，此处指这个小小的举动标着更重大的事情，故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十五岁的时候，我意识到这个小小的改变将标志着更大的东西：我从一个被关心、被宠坏的孩子变成一个更有责任感、更有爱心、更慷慨的年轻人。A. responsible负责任的；B. ambitious有野心的；C. outgoing外向的；D. energetic精力充沛的。此处和“caring”及“giving”表示并列意义，由最后一段中“I continued to help out with more housework”可知，作者帮助妈妈做家务，承担更多家庭责任，此处指“负责任的”。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记那个周三，那天我决定踊跃参与，看看会发生什么。A. excuse借口；B. statement声明，陈述；C. decision决定；D. appointment预约，约会。由下文作者回房间后又打开门出来帮妈妈可知，那天他决定要做出改变，故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一旦进门，我就感到深深的、燃烧的羞愧。A. anger生气；B. shame羞愧；C. delight高兴；D. pleasure快乐，满足。根据下文“I suddenly opened my door and headed back to the garage to help my mother(我突然打开门，回到车库去帮妈妈的忙)”可知，作者觉得羞愧，所以出去帮妈妈拿东西。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当爸爸妈妈意识到他们可以更多地依赖我时，我们的旅行也变得轻松多了。A. live居住；B. press压，挤；C. depend依靠；D. focus集中，关注。根据上文“The neat thing was, the more I helped out, the better I felt about myself and my place in my family.(有趣的是，我帮助的越多，我对自己和我在家庭中的地位感觉越好)”可知，作者开始在家承担更多责任，父母意识到他们可以更多地依赖作者，故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们拖得最久的小事，其实是最容易完成的事情。A. make制作；B. turn转弯，翻转；C. point指出；D. bring带来。根据上文作者的经历可知，此处指“我们拖得最久的小事，其实是最容易完成的事情”，turn out结果是，最后是，固定短语。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hotter weather leads to lower exam results, according to a new study from Harvard University. What’s ____56____ (many), hot weather may reduce learning in both the short term and long term. Researchers reported that hot weather on test days higher than average temperatures throughout the school year resulted in poorer grades. ____57____ study is the first major research into the effect of heat ____58____ students in the USA. Researchers analyzed how test scores from 10 million American students ____59____ (affect) by the weather. Their findings showed that an average temperature increase of just 0.55℃ over one year resulted in a one per cent decrease in ____60____ (learn).
The research is in a paper ____61____ (call) “Heat and Learning” and was published last month by the USA’s National Bureau of Economic Research. One of the more concerning ____62____ (conclude) contained in the study is that ____63____ (globe) warming may affect learning and the income-earning potential of students around the world. The researchers predicted ____64____ if temperatures continued to rise, the average American student could lose $25,000 in income over ____65____ (they) lifetime because of lower exam results. Using air conditioning in classrooms could avoid this.
【答案】56. more
57. The 58. on
59. were affected
60. learning
61. called 62. conclusions
63. global 64. that
65. their
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项新研究发现，炎热的天气会让考试成绩更不理想，该研究中一个更让人担心的问题是全球变暖或会影响世界学生的学习和收入潜力。
56题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：而且，炎热的天气可能会减少短期和长期的学习。what’s more而且，此外，是固定短语。故填more。
【57题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：该研究是美国针对高温对学生影响的首个主要调查。此处特指上文提到过的“研究”，应用定冠词，首字母应大写。故填The。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：该研究是美国针对高温对学生影响的首个主要调查。the effect on sb/sth对……的影响，固定搭配。故填on。
【59题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员分析了1000万美国学生的考试成绩是如何受到天气影响的。根据上下文及主句中的analyzed可知，此处是讲述过去发生的事情，宾语从句应用一般过去时，且主语students和动词affect之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故填were affected。
【60题详解】
考查动名词。句意：他们的研究结果表明，一年中温度平均每上升0.55摄氏度就会导致学习成绩下降1%。作介词in的宾语应用动名词形式，故填learning。
【61题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：这项研究发表在一篇名为《高温与学习》的论文中，该论文于上个月由美国国家经济研究局发表。动词call与paper之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填called。
【62题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这项研究中更令人担忧的结论之一是，全球变暖可能会影响世界各地学生的学习和收入潜力。空处应填名词作宾语，conclusion结论，是可数名词，one of后常接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”。故填conclusions。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这项研究中更令人担忧的结论之一是，全球变暖可能会影响世界各地学生的学习和收入潜力。空处应填形容词作定语，global warming全球变暖。故填global。
【64题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：研究人员预测，如果气温持续上升，那么受更低考试分数的影响，普通美国学生一生所挣收入可能会损失25,000美元。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。故填that。
【65题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：研究人员预测，如果气温持续上升，那么受更低考试分数的影响，普通美国学生一生所挣收入可能会损失25,000美元。空处应填形容词性物主代词，修饰名词lifetime，故填their。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，计划参加学校英语俱乐部开展的看电影分享活动。请你根据看过的一部电影，写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 电影的简介；
2. 推荐的原因。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good evening! My name is Li Hua.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good evening! My name is Li Hua. It’s my honor to be here to share with you one of my favourite films. The film that impresses me most is Hi, Mom, directed by the celebrated actress Jia Ling, who also plays the leading role. It describes Jia travelling back to the year 1981, when she meets her mother at a young age and becomes her friend hoping to improve her life and make her happy. This film has received many positive reviews. Many moviegoers can’t help but shed tears because of the main characters’ sincere affection for each other. I strongly recommend you to watch it. That’s all. Thank you for listening!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据看过的一部电影，写一篇发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：celebrated→ famous
主要的：leading→ main
因为：because of → due to
建议： recommend→ suggest/advise
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I strongly recommend you to watch it.
拓展句：I strongly recommend that you watch it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The film that impresses me most is Hi, Mom, directed by the celebrated actress Jia Ling, who also plays the leading role. (运用了过去分词directed作后置定语，who引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It describes Jia travelling back to the year 1981, when she meets her mother at a young age and becomes her friend hoping to improve her life and make her happy.(运用了when引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I lay on my bed, legs leaning against the wall, desperately wishing my mother would call. But I remembered the last time I'd seen her, right before the train for Providence pulled out of the station, “You know how expensive it is to call,” she said, then hugged me tight and said good- bye.
This was my first birthday away from home. I missed my mom, missed my sister, and most certainly missed the special pound cake my mother always made for my birthday. Since getting to college that year, I would watch jealously as the other freshmen received care packages from their parents on their birthdays--and even on ordinary days. Big boxes containing summer slacks and blouses, packages of M&M's and Snickers , things they needed and things they didn't. Instead of feeling thrilled about my upcoming eighteenth birthday, I felt empty. I wished my mom would send me something, too, but I knew that she couldn’t afford presents or the postage. She had done her best with my sister and me--raising us by herself. The simple truth was there just was never enough money.
But that didn’t stop her from filling us with dreams. “You can be anything you want to be,” she would tell us. “Politicians, dancers, writers -- you just have to work for it; you have to get an education.”
Thanks to my mom's sacrifices and big dreams, I’d made it to the Ivy League: Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island.
As I was recalling these things, my roommate joined me on the bed. “Hey. After we study, let's buy ice cream and cake.” I nodded, closed my eyes, and imagined the cake Mom would have made. Mmm. I could see the golden yellow of each of the twelve eggs, and I could almost smell the vanilla(香草) filling the house while the cake baked.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
How had she managed to afford it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】读后续写
Paragraph 1:
As I daydreamed, there was a knock on the door. My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me. He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed. “Open it”. I did, and inside was a vanilla cake with chocolate frosting. In icing were the words: “Happy Birthday, Sande! Love, Mom.” I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.
Paragraph 2:
How had she managed to afford it? I felt as if I were back at home with her, safe and secure while she sang and told me how much she loved having me in her life. I ran out to the hall and knocked on my dormmates’ doors. “Birthday cake,” I called. I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写，要求续写两段内容。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求续写两段内容（我收到妈妈送我的生日蛋糕和我的感受以及我和室友们一起分享的情节），注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； deliveryman（送货员），carefully（小心翼翼地），excitement（兴奋），secure（安全）， hug（拥抱）及gather（聚集）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be filled with（充满），run out（跑出去），as if (仿佛、好像)，ask for sb（找某人）以及knock on（敲门），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“He handed her a large box, which she carefully placed on the desk near my bed.”，状语从句“I was filled with excitement, as if Mom were right there hugging me close.”以及“I cut cake for the students gathering in my room and watched their faces as they ate, because I didn't need to eat to feel both full and rich inside.”，非谓语动词“My roommate opened it to find a deliveryman asking for me.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。