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2023年北京市大兴区中考英语二模试卷
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这是一份2023年北京市大兴区中考英语二模试卷，共22页。试卷主要包含了 Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年北京市大兴区中考英语二模试卷
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. My sister's birthday is coming.I'd like to buy a gift for_______.（ ）
A. you B. them C. her D. him
2. At school，we usually have a history lesson______Wednesday afternoon.（ ）
A. on B. at C. in D. to
3. —______you pass the book to me，Betty？
—Yes，here you are.（ ）
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need
4. Tom does sports in the park every day.He looks much______than last year.（ ）
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
5. —______do you have a picnic？
—Once a month.（ ）
A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often
6. It was difficult to climb up the mountain，______they didn't give up.（ ）
A. and B. but C. or D. so
7. —What's on，Jane？
—Our Chinese astronauts______out of the space station now.（ ）
A. are walking B. will walk C. walked D. walk
8. Lily and Jeff went to the farm and they______how to grow vegetables.（ ）
A. will learn B. are learning C. learn D. learned
9. If you______a good habit of reading，you will improve your reading skills.（ ）
A. form B. formed C. will form D. have formed
10. Mr.Smith______lots of Chinese paintings since he moved to China.（ ）
A. collected B. has collected C. was collecting D. will collect
11. All the express mails _________right away as soon as they arrive tomorrow. （ ）
A. will deliver B. were delivered
C. delivered D. will be delivered
12. —Do you know_______for her speech？
—Yes，I do.During the breaks yesterday morning.（ ）
A. why Susan prepared B. why did Susan prepare
C. when Susan prepared D. when did Susan prepare
A Field Trip for Gold
Mr.Rodriguez's class was on a field trip at the Sutter Gold Mine（矿）.Larry couldn't wait to find some gold.He even brought along some photos to use as a reference（参照）.He didn't want to pick up any "fool's gold" by（1） ______ .
Larry's class got into the lift that would take them down the mine.On the ride down，their guide，Ron，gave them（2） ______ about the Gold Rush.
"Many prospectors came to this area，" explained Ron. "A prospector is someone who searches for valuable metals like gold."
Margaret interrupted，"Everyone must have got rich."
"Actually，" said Ron，"not everyone was（3） ______ .Many left the mine filled with disappointment."
"If I don't find any gold today，I'll be really annoyed（恼火），"Larry thought to himself.
The underground tour（4） ______ about an hour.Then they reached an open place.Ron showed them how to use pans for gold.
"It's Okay to let some of the water pour out，" said Ron. "If there's any gold in your pan，it will（5） ______ to the bottom."
Larry tried to put his pan in the water.Then he shook around the water.
"Nothing，" he said with a sigh（叹气）.
Larry repeated the process several times.Then he noticed something（6） ______ at the bottom of his pan.
Larry angled（倾斜） the pan so he could get a better look.Whatever it was，it was shining at the bottom.
Larry（7） ______ out the photos and compared them with what was in his pan.Then he went to show it to Ron.
"You have found gold!" Ron exclaimed with surprise.Everyone gathered around to see.It was just a small piece，but Larry felt like he had hit the jackpot.
Everyone（8） ______ the hardship（艰难） of hunting for gold in the past.They had learned a lot from this field trip.
13. A. chance B. mistake C. hand D. river
14. A. information B. location C. condition D. suggestion
15. A. friendly B. popular C. successful D. clever
16. A. covered B. continued C. lasted D. spent
17. A. lead B. return C. belong D. drop
18. A. bright B. wrong C. heavy D. fresh
19. A. dug B. pulled C. developed D. sold
20. A. predicted B. considered C. wondered D. experienced
21.
Sharing Mind Maps with Classmates
There are different kinds of mind maps.You can choose from them to complete the tasks clearly.
（1） ______ Tom needs to make a report on how to make delicious banana milk shake.He wants to show different steps clearly with a mind map.
（2） ______ Alice would like to compare Labor Education with Physical Education.She wants to find the relationship between them by using a mind map.
（3） ______ David works in a community service center.He wants to use a mind map to make a list of activities to help volunteers get more information.
A.Flow Map
A flow map can help us to improve our skills.It shows the steps or events from the very beginning to end.The number of steps can be different for each task.Flow Map can be used to make up a story ，show events in order ，tell steps in solving problems or making things.
B.Bubble Map
This kind of map can help us to explain an idea as short as possible.It can be the knowledge about different forms of words.It can also give more information and make the results easy to understand.It can be helpful when we want to make a good word list，map our thoughts and plan activities.
C.Bridge Map
This type of maps is useful in comparing between ideas or topics.It is also helpful in showing the relationship in and between them.If we have many ideas，we can use this kind of map to put them into different groups.A lot of people studying history and science are likely to use these maps.
D.Fish bone Map
The shape of the maps looks like a fish bone，so it is called the fish bone map.In the map，the head of the fish shows the problem，and each bone of the fish shows the possible causes of the problem.In this way，it can help us have a better picture to find out the cause and result of a problem.
(1)
(2)
(3)
O
Trying a New Way to Express
Elizabeth is a 14-year-old girl.She is in the seventh grade at Davis Drive Middle School in Cary，N.C.Students at school are required to do different science projects，such as building a model volcano.They get inspired from playing musical instruments to doing gymnastics.All they need to do is to transform their favorite activities into science projects.
Elizabeth enjoys doing science projects.She has designed a program based on the golden ratio（黄金分割） by herself.This ratio is often used to create pleasing parts in artworks.The ratio also appears in nature.Elizabeth's new program helps computers write data evenly across the storing system.This could help it live longer.
"As long as I can remember，I've been an artistic person，"Elizabeth says，"In the fourth grade，my art teacher taught us about the golden ratio.And at that point it was just，you know，something to use when we were painting."But last year，Elizabeth had to replace the memory in her own computer，thinking the golden ratio might work in technology，too.Elizabeth tested her golden-ratio technique（技法） by running programs on a computer.
But before this project，Elizabeth had no coding（编码） experience.To prepare for it，she spent months reading a textbook on how to code.She says，"It wasn't like an 'ah-ha' moment.Writing program is such a boring process.But it was just cool to explore and see the computer actually just doing the things that I told it to do after those hours."
"Don't limit yourself，"Elizabeth adds，"One of the biggest difficulties you face is changing your mindset（思维定式）.I never thought that science or computer science would be my kind of thing，but after learning a bit about programming，I found that it was actually a new way to express myself.In the past I used words，then I tried painting，and now I'm using programming."
22. According to the passage，Elizabeth's new program is good for ______ .
A. the science courses B. the musical instruments
C. the understanding of artwork D. the storing system
23. Before this project，Elizabeth made efforts to ______ .
A. draw pictures on computer screen
B. learn how to code from a textbook
C. express herself in different ways
D. practise gymnastics in the gym
24. After Elizabeth programmed，she expected to examine ______ .
A. the development of the science projects at her school
B. the advantages of using digital technology for painting
C. the relationship between science and computer science
D. the effects of the golden ratio working on her computer
P
Biodiversity refers to various kinds of living things on our planet.It includes not only the different species of animals and plants，but also the genetic diversity （多样性） within each species and the diversity of ecosystem in which they live.
Biodiversity is necessary for all living things，including humans.However，it is dangerous because of human activities such as deforestation（毁林），pollution，and climate change.
One of the main reasons why biodiversity is important is that it provides us with many necessary ecosystem services.For example，forests help to control the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide（CO₂） from the air.Wetlands help to separate out pollutants from water and offer living space for many kinds of birds and animals.Coral reefs protect coastlines from storms and provide home for thousands of living things in the ocean.
Biodiversity also plays a key role in providing us with food，medicine，and other resources（资源）.For example，many of the fruits and vegetables that we eat are from wild plants.Many of the medicines that we use to treat diseases come from plant and animal resources.And many of the materials that we use to build our homes and make our clothes come from natural resources.
However，besides its importance，biodiversity is under threat.According to the World Wildlife Fund，we are now in the process of the sixth mass extinction （灭绝） event in Earth's history.This extinction event is largely caused by human activities such as habitat destruction，pollution，and overfishing.
Protecting biodiversity is therefore completely necessary if we want to make sure that all living things can survive continually，including ourselves.This can be achieved through a combination of measures，including protection of natural environment，continuous use of natural resources，and reducing our carbon footprint（碳排放量）.
In conclusion，biodiversity is important for the survival and well-being of all living things，including humans.It is important that we must take actions to protect it for ourselves and for our future generations.
25. We can know from the passage that ______ .
A. humans provide necessary ecosystem services for biodiversity
B. biodiversity includes all kinds of living things except humans
C. humans make great influence on the biodiversity on the earth
D. the development of biodiversity relates to the climate change
26. The phrase " under threat " in Paragraph 4 probably means " ______ ".
A. in danger B. out of date C. under control D. on balance
27. What's the passage mainly talking about？ ______
A. It suggests us how we can take the advantage of biodiversity.
B. It encourages us to try to control biodiversity's development.
C. It tells us why we should take actions to protect biodiversity.
D. It talks about the importance of improving our environment.
Q
Nowadays our life is getting more and more demanding.It seems that multitasking can help us get out of the trouble.It was first used to describe computer performance.However，the human brain，is not a computer.And human attention is a very limited resource.Can we actually multitask？
According to the spotlight theory of attention，when we focus on the leftmost or rightmost things，our attention must cover the intervening region（间隔区）because the spotlight of attention cannot be divided.Even though we're constantly receiving a huge amount of information from our senses，it's only possible for a small amount to make it through to conscious awareness（意识）.Take the Bouncing Ball Experiment for an example.Let's watch carefully and pay particular attention to how many balls bounce（弹跳） in the circle.How many balls can you count？Seven，right？But did you also notice that little dinosaur？What about the changing shape of the circle？Or the smiley face on one of the balls？This experiment shows just how powerful our focused attention is.
Being able to delete irrelevant（无关的） detail is an amazingly useful tool，but it means we might miss things that are right under our noses.This is the effect known as inattention blindness.You can see this very clearly in the famous Invisible Gorilla experiment.When asked to concentrate exclusively on how often basketball players in white pass the ball，most people completely miss the gorilla walking across the screen and beating his chest.
We just don't have the ability to process everything at a time.This is a particular problem when we try to multitask.We can change attention from one task to another and back again.But when attention is overloaded，we miss things，and the result is nearly always that we perform tasks less well than we will do them one at a time.It's only truly possible to do two things at once if they require different sets of mental（头脑的） resources.For example，it's totally possible to read a book and listen to music at the same time.
This would suggest that driving while talking on the phone is not a problem，as long as it's a hands-free phone.But it's not that simple.Research has shown that while talking on the phone we have tendency（趋势） to create mental images，and this uses the same visual resources needed for driving.And if visual resources become too spread，it's possible for a driver to look directly at a danger but，just like with that little dinosaur，fail to see it.
So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.
28. The spotlight theory of attention in Paragraph 2 shows that ______ .
A. only a small amount of information can be noticed by us
B. our attention is good at receiving information unlimitedly
C. the spotlight attention can be divided into several regions
D. it's important to improve our powerful focused attention
29. According to the passage，" inattention blindness " might happen when ______ .
A. Each of the tasks is completed as the way the brain works
B. several tasks are repeated in a regular cycle one by one
C. mental resources are used to finish the tasks separately
D. mental attention resources are overloaded or too spread
30. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. We should learn to recognize different information from multitask.
B. Multitasking can help us improve the efficiency of our daily work.
C. We have to carry out special training for higher quality of multitask ______ .
D. Our brains are hardly able to deal with multitask at the same time.
31. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？
A. To tell the advantages of changing tasks from one to another.
B. To remind us to take notice of the bad results of multitasking.
C. To teach us how to multitask to lower the stress in daily lives.
D. To show some successful experience of developing multitask.
32.
Meeting the Needs of Elderly People
Smart phones are a part of our everyday life now，but not everyone can use them well，especially for the elderly people.Seeing this problem，George，a 16-year-old middle school student，with other volunteers came into the communities to help elderly people learn to use smart phones.But for all their goodwill，the service had some flaws（缺陷）.It took much time and effort，and more importantly，elderly people always forgot what they'd learned and the volunteers had to do the same job over and over again.
George noticed the problems and came up with an idea of solving them with a guidebook.He then formed a volunteer group called SilverHair with seven members.It took them about a month to finish writing a book called May I Show You How to Use Smart Phones.
The group members made a survey of more than 1，000 elderly people and talked with many of them in nursing homes and found out what the elderly people cared most about with smart phones."How to use WeChat" topped the list as the app covers many fields of life such as chatting，money transfers（转帐） and even ordering food in a restaurant.These made up one part of the book.The other parts include the basic jobs of phones，online shopping ，using online maps and so on.To make the book more friendly to older readers，George also made the pages light yellow and the characters big.
"Many elderly people are resistant（抗拒的） to smart phones at first as they are confused by so many different apps with various functions，but they are familiar with books，which can make them more willing to learn，" said George. "And besides，they can look for the tips in the book any time they need，just like using a dictionary."
The SilverHair members have already printed out 500 copies of the book and handed them all out to the communities.They'll soon start working on the second copy which includes more guidance such as hospital registration（挂号） and photo editing.They also hope for the support from the public so they can print more copies and help more elderly people.
(1) Where did the elderly people learn to use smart phones？
______
(2) How long did the group of SilverHair spend on the guidebook？
______
(3) Which part did the elderly people like to read most in the guidebook？
______
(4) What do you think of SilverHair？Why do you think so？
______
33. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对于中国传统文化很感兴趣，他给你发来邮件，询问传统文化的继承和发展情况，如剪纸、风筝、灯笼（lantern）、京剧（Peking Opera）等。请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所参与的文化传承活动。
要求：文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。不少于50词。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：learn，experience，share，pass down
提示问题：
•How is traditional Chinese culture inherited（传承）？
•What have you done for it？
Dear Chris，
I'm glad to know that you're interested in traditional Chinese culture.______________________________
Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours， Li Hua
34. 某英文网站正在开展以"挑战"为主题的征文活动。假定你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你在生活中是怎样应对挑战的，有哪些收获。
要求：文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。不少于50词。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：overcome，practice，effort，make progress
提示问题：
•How do you face challenges in your life？
•What have you achieved？
It is important for us to face challenges in our lives.___________________________________________
答案和解析
1.【答案】C
【解析】分析句子可知，此处作介词for的宾语，应使用人称代词的宾格形式；根据My sister's birthday is coming.（我妹妹的生日快到了。）可知，我想给她买个礼物，此处使用her，符合语境。
故选：C。
我妹妹的生日快到了。我想给她买个礼物。
掌握代词的基本用法，结合选项，认真分析，得出答案。
2.【答案】A
【解析】A.后面加星期或具体日期；B.后面加具体时间点；C.后面加年或月；D.后面加具体时间点，表示"差......"。根据Wednesday afternoon（周三下午）可知是星期，用介词on。
故选：A。
在学校，我们通常在周三下午上历史课。
了解常见介词的含义及区别，结合语境即可选出答案。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。Must一定，必须；May可能；Can能，会；Need需要；根据句意可知，空处要表示"能"意思，用情态动词can。
故选：C。
——Betty，你能把书递给我吗？
——好的，给你。
本题考查了情态动词的用法，解答时注意了解句意以及所给选项的意思并作出正确选择。
4.【答案】B
【解析】strong健壮的；stronger较健壮的，比较级；strongest最健壮的，最高级；the strongest最健壮的，最高级前常使用定冠词the。由比较级的标志词than可知，此处是二者相比较，应使用比较级，much修饰比较级，表示"……得多"。
故选：B。
汤姆每天在公园做运动。他看起来比去年强壮多了。
掌握比较级用法，抓住关键词，认真分析，得出答案。
5.【答案】D
【解析】How soon多快、多久以后，其后用in加一段时间来回答，How long多长，是对长度或一段时间的提问；How much多少，询问价格或不可数名词数量；How often多久一次，是对频率的提问；根据答语Once a month.一月一次，可知上文是对频率进行提问，用How often。
故选：D。
--你多久野餐一次？
--一月一次。
本题考查的是疑问词组的辨析，理解句意并熟记各个疑问词组的意思是解答本题的关键。
6.【答案】B
【解析】and和，表示顺承、承接关系；but但是，表示转折关系；or或者，表示选择关系；so因此，表示因果关系。根据"It was difficult to climb up the mountain，...they didn't give up."可知前后句之间表达的是转折关系，因此应用but来连接。
故选：B。
爬上这座山很困难，但他们没有放弃。
掌握连词的用法和含义是解答本题的关键。
7.【答案】A
【解析】are walking现在进行时；will walk一般将来时；walked一般过去时；walk动词原形。根据上文"What's on，Jane？"可知此处表示动作正在进行，因此时态用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are+动词的现在分词。
故选：A。
--正在发生什么，简？
--我们的中国宇航员正在走出空间站。
掌握现在进行时的用法和结构是解答本题的关键。
8.【答案】D
【解析】learn学会。选项A是一般将来时；选项B是现在进行时；选项C是动词原形；选项D是过去式。根据第一个分句的时态可知空格处也应使用一般过去时，谓语由动词的过去式构成，本题答案是D。
故选：D。
Lily和Jeff去了农场，他们学会了如何种蔬菜。
本题主要考查一般过去时的基本用法。
9.【答案】A
【解析】form形成。选项A是动词原形；选项B是过去式；选项C是一般将来时；选项D是现在完成时。根据观察和分析可知题干是复合句，含有if引导的条件状语从句，主句用的是一般将来时，根据主将从现的原则可知从句使用一般现在时，主语是you，空格处用动词原形。
故选：A。
如果你形成了一个好的阅读习惯，你将提高你的阅读技巧。
本题主要考查主将从现的用法。
10.【答案】B
【解析】A.一般过去时；B.现在完成时；C.过去进行时；D.一般将来时。since表示"自从"，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
故选：B。
自从史密斯先生搬到中国，他已经收集了许多中国画。
观察题干找到关键词，结合语境即可找到正确时态。
11.【答案】D
【解析】will deliver一般将来时；were delivered一般过去时的被动语态；delivered一般过去时；will be delivered一般将来时的被动语态。由题干可知，本句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循"主将从现"的原则，因此这里应用一般将来时，且主语All the express mails和谓语动词deliver之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+动词的过去分词。
故选：D。
所有的快件明天一到就会马上送到。
掌握一般将来时被动语态的结构和用法是解答本题的关键。
12.【答案】C
【解析】A.苏珊为什么准备；B.苏珊为什么准备，疑问句语序；C.苏珊什么时候准备；D.苏珊什么时候准备，疑问句语序。know后面用宾语从句，遵循陈述句语序，排除B和D。根据During the breaks yesterday morning.（昨天早上休息期间。）可知此句是提问时间的。
故选：C。
-你知道苏珊什么时候准备的她的演讲吗？
-是的，我知道。昨天早上休息期间。
观察选项排除疑问句语序，结合语境选出合适连接词。
13~20.【答案】B、A、C、C、D、A、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词辨析。句意：他不想拿错任何"愚人之金"。A.chance机会；B.mistake错误；C.hand手；D.river河。根据He didn't want to pick up any "fool's gold"（他不想捡任何"愚人之金"）可知，这里表示错误地把黄铁矿等不值钱的东西认为是黄金，因此应是by mistake，表示"错误地"。故选B。
（2）考查名词辨析。句意：在下矿井的路上，他们的向导罗恩给他们介绍了淘金热的情况。A.information信息；B.location位置；C.condition状况；D.suggestion建议。根据about the Gold Rush（关于淘金热）可知，向导介绍了淘金热的相关情况。故选A。
（3）考查形容词辨析。句意：不是每个人都能成功。A.friendly友好的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.successful成功的；D.clever聪明的。根据Many left the mine filled with disappointment.（许多人带着失望离开了矿井。）可知，并不是每个人都能成功。故选C。
（4）考查动词辨析。句意：地下之旅持续了大约一个小时。A.covered覆盖；B.continued继续；C.lasted持续；D.spent花费。根据Then they reached an open place.（他们来到一块空地。）可知，之前一直在下矿井的路上，因此空处应是"持续"。故选C。
（5）考查动词辨析。句意：如果你的锅里有金子，它会掉到锅底。A.lead引领；B.return返回；C.belong属于；D.drop掉落。根据If there's any gold in your pan（如果你的淘金锅里有金子）可知，it代指金子，因此它会落在锅底。故选D。
（6）考查形容词辨析。句意：然后他注意到锅底有什么东西发亮。A.bright明亮的；B.wrong错误的；C.heavy重的；D.fresh新鲜的。根据Whatever it was，it was shining at the bottom.（不管它是什么，它在底部闪闪发光。）可知，他注意到了发亮的东西。故选A。
（7）考查动词辨析。句意：拉里拿出照片，和锅里的东西做了比较。A.dug挖；B.pulled拉；C.developed发展；D.sold卖。根据宾语the photos（照片）可知，拉里拿出了照片来比对。故选B。
（8）考查动词辨析。句意：每个人都经历了过去寻找黄金的艰辛。A.predicted预测；B.considered考虑；C.wondered想知道；D.experienced经历。根据They had learned a lot from this field trip.（他们从这次实地考察中学到了很多东西。）可知，大家都尝试了淘金，都经历了寻找黄金的艰辛。故选D。
这篇短文讲述了学生们去金矿实地考察，体验淘金的经历。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21.【答案】【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据题干Tom needs to make a report on how to make delicious banana milk shake.He wants to show different steps clearly with a mind map.（汤姆需要做一份关于如何制作美味的香蕉奶昔的报告。他想用思维导图清楚地展示不同的步骤。）可知，说的是汤姆想用思维导图展示不同的步骤。结合选项可知，A项，流程图流程图可以帮助我们提高技能。它显示了从开始到结束的步骤或事件。每个任务的步骤数可能不同。流程图可以用来编故事、按顺序显示事件、讲述解决问题或制作事物的步骤。符合语境。故选 A。
（2）根据题干Alice would like to compare Labor Education with Physical Education.She wants to find the relationship between them by using a mind map.（爱丽丝想把劳动教育和体育教育进行比较。她想用思维导图来找出它们之间的关系。）可知，说的是爱丽丝想用思维导图找出劳动教育和体育的关系。结合选项可知，C项，桥梁地图这种类型的地图有助于比较思想或主题。它也有助于显示它们之间的关系。如果我们有很多想法，我们可以使用这种地图将它们分为不同的组。许多研究历史和科学的人可能会使用这些地图。符合语境。故选 C。
（3）根据题干David works in a community service center.He wants to use a mind map to make a list of activities to help volunteers get more information.（大卫在一家社区服务中心工作。他想用思维导图列出活动清单，帮助志愿者获得更多信息。）可知，说的是大卫想用思维导图列出活动清单。结合选项可知，B项，气泡图这种地图可以帮助我们尽可能简短地解释一个想法。它可以是关于不同形式的单词的知识。它还可以提供更多信息，使结果易于理解。当我们想列出一个好的单词表，映射我们的想法和计划活动时，它会很有帮助。符合语境。故选 B。
（1）汤姆需要做一份关于如何制作美味的香蕉奶昔的报告。他想用思维导图清楚地展示不同的步骤。——流程图流程图可以帮助我们提高技能。它显示了从开始到结束的步骤或事件。每个任务的步骤数可能不同。流程图可以用来编故事、按顺序显示事件、讲述解决问题或制作事物的步骤。
（2）爱丽丝想把劳动教育和体育教育进行比较。她想用思维导图来找出它们之间的关系。——桥梁地图这种类型的地图有助于比较思想或主题。它也有助于显示它们之间的关系。如果我们有很多想法，我们可以使用这种地图将它们分为不同的组。许多研究历史和科学的人可能会使用这些地图。
（3）大卫在一家社区服务中心工作。他想用思维导图列出活动清单，帮助志愿者获得更多信息。——气泡图这种地图可以帮助我们尽可能简短地解释一个想法。它可以是关于不同形式的单词的知识。它还可以提供更多信息，使结果易于理解。当我们想列出一个好的单词表，映射我们的想法和计划活动时，它会很有帮助。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
22~24.【答案】D、B、D
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据第一段Elizabeth's new program helps computers write data evenly across the storing system.（Elizabeth的新程序帮助计算机在存储系统中均匀地写入数据。）可知，根据这段话，Elizabeth的新程序对存储系统有好处。故选D。
（2）根据第三段To prepare for it，she spent months reading a textbook on how to code.（为了做好准备，她花了几个月的时间阅读了一本关于如何编码的教科书。）可知，在这个项目之前，Elizabeth努力学习如何从教科书中编码。故选B。
（3）根据第二段Elizabeth tested her golden-ratio technique（技法） by running programs on a computer.（Elizabeth通过在电脑上运行程序来测试她的黄金比例技巧。）可知，Elizabeth编程后，她希望在电脑上检查黄金比例的效果。故选D。
本文主要讲述了一位14岁的女孩Elizabeth在学校的科学项目中，将自己喜欢的艺术活动转化为科学项目，并成功设计了一款基于黄金分割比例的程序。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25~27.【答案】C、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Biodiversity is necessary for all living things，including humans.However，it is dangerous because of human activities such as deforestation，pollution，and climate change.（生物多样性对包括人类在内的所有生物都是必要的。然而，由于森林砍伐、污染和气候变化等人类活动，生物多样性是危险的。）可知从文章中我们可以知道人类对地球上的生物多样性产生了巨大影响。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第五段However，besides its importance，biodiversity is under threat.According to the World Wildlife Fund，we are now in the process of the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history.（然而，除了其重要性之外，生物多样性也受到......根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，我们现在正处于地球历史上第六次大规模灭绝事件的过程中。）可知" under threat"的意思是"处于危险之中"。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段In conclusion，biodiversity is important for the survival and well-being of all living things，including humans.It is important that we must take actions to protect it for ourselves and for our future generations.（然而，除了其重要性之外，生物多样性也受到威胁。根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，我们现在正处于地球历史上第六次大规模灭绝事件的过程中。）可知本文主要讲我们为什么我们应该采取行动保护生物多样性。故选C。
本文主要介绍了生物多样性的概念及其重要性，呼吁人们采取行动保护生物多样性，为我们自己和未来的后代创造更好的生存环境。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28~31.【答案】A、D、D、B
【解析】 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段According to the spotlight theory of attention，when we focus on the leftmost or rightmost things，our attention must cover the intervening region because the spotlight of attention cannot be divided.Even though we're constantly receiving a huge amount of information from our senses，it's only possible for a small amount to make it through to conscious awareness.（根据注意力的聚光灯理论，当我们专注于最左边或最右边的事情时，我们的注意力必须覆盖中间区域，因为注意力的聚光点是不可分割的。即使我们不断从感官接收到大量信息，但只有少量信息才能进入意识。）可知聚光灯理论表明了聚光灯理论表明我们只能注意到少量信息。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段But when attention is overloaded，we miss things（但当注意力超负荷时，我们就会错过一些事情。）第五段And if visual resources become too spread，it's possible for a driver to look directly at a danger （如果视觉资源过于分散，驾驶员有可能直接看到危险。）可知"疏忽失明"可能发生精神注意力资源过载或过于分散。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.（因此，多任务处理往好了说是低效的，往坏了说是完全危险的。如果你觉得你应该同时做17件事，记住，这不是你大脑的工作方式。）可知我们能从这篇文章中学到我们的大脑很难同时处理多项任务。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.（因此，多任务处理往好了说是低效的，往坏了说是完全危险的。如果你觉得你应该同时做17件事，记住，这不是你大脑的工作方式。）可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提醒我们注意多任务处理的不良后果。故选B。
这篇文章主要讲述了当今社会的生活越来越忙碌，人们常常尝试多任务处理来应对这种情况，但实际上人类大脑的注意力是非常有限的，无法真正实现多任务处理，最后提醒人们，如果你觉得自己需要同时做很多事情，那么请记住，你的大脑并不是这样工作的。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32.【答案】【小题1】In their communities.
【小题2】About a month.
【小题3】They liked to read the part of "How to use WeChat" best of all.
【小题4】It's helpful.Because it spent about a month writing the book for the old.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Seeing this problem，George，a 16-year-old middle school student，with other volunteers came into the communities to help elderly people learn to use smart phones.（看到这个问题，16岁的中学生乔治和其他志愿者来到社区，帮助老年人学习使用智能手机。）可知，老年人在社区学会使用智能手机。故填In their communities.
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段It took them about a month to finish writing a book called May I Show You How to Use Smart Phones.（他们花了大约一个月的时间写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。）可知，花了大约一个月的时间写这本书。故填About a month.
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"How to use WeChat" topped the list as the app covers many fields of life such as chatting，money transfers（转帐）and even ordering food in a restaurant.（"如何使用微信"名列榜首，因为这款应用涵盖了生活的许多领域，比如聊天、转账，甚至是在餐馆点餐。）可知，老年人最喜欢阅读指南中的"如何使用微信"部分。故填They liked to read the part of "How to use WeChat" best of all.
（4）主观表达题。我认为"银发"这个组织很有帮助。因为这个组织花了大约一个月的时间为老年人写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。故填It's helpful.Because it spent about a month writing the book for the old.
本文主要讲述了由七名成员组成的志愿者组织，花了大约一个月的时间为老年人写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。
答此类阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，得出正确答案。
33.【答案】Dear Chris.
I'm glad to know that you're interested in traditional Chinese culture.There are different kinds of activities inheriting traditional Chinese culture.Museums and communities often hold public shows for people.Our school usually holds traditional culture activities.For example，on Dragon Boat Festival，we often make zongzi together.There is a speech competition about traditional Chinese culture each term in our school.【高分句型一】（传统文化是如何传承的）
As for me，I'm a big fan of paper cutting .I usually go to the library to search for the books on it.I have used scissors to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.【高分句型二】I've taken part in paper cutting shows to experience the spirits of traditional Chinese culture.At school，I often share them with my classmates.In this way，I've helped to pass down the skills of making paper cutting and push forward the development of traditional Chinese culture（我所参与的文化传承活动）
Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】【高分句型一】
There is a speech competition about traditional Chinese culture each term in our school.
我们学校每学期都有一场关于中国传统文化的演讲比赛。本句使用了there be句型，表示"某地有……"
【高分句型二】
I have used scissors to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.
我用过剪刀把折叠好的纸剪成简单的动物或植物的形状。动词不定式短语to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.作目的状语。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
34.【答案】 It is important for us to face the challenges in our lives.（提出主题）When our English festival is coming，I try my best to take part in a speech competition and give a speech in front of all the students.【高分句型一】It is such a big challenge for me because I am too shy to talk in public.I realize it is a good chance to overcome my shyness.I practice my speech at home over and over again.I also ask my parents for help.（描述如何应对挑战）
Thanks to my effort，I win the first prize.（说明结果）From this experience，I have learned that facing challenges is a good way to improve myself.【高分句型二】As long as we are brave enough to face them，we will get more than we expect，and then make great progress.（获得的收获）
【解析】【高分句型一】
When our English festival is coming，I try my best to take part in a speech competition and give a speech in front of all the students.
翻译：当我们的英语节到来的时候，我尽我最大的努力参加演讲比赛，并在所有的学生面前演讲。
分析：句子中When引导时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
From this experience，I have learned that facing challenges is a good way to improve myself.
翻译：从这次经历中，我了解到面对挑战是提高自己的好方法。
分析：句子中that引导宾语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
2023年北京市大兴区中考英语二模试卷
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. My sister's birthday is coming.I'd like to buy a gift for_______.（ ）
A. you B. them C. her D. him
2. At school，we usually have a history lesson______Wednesday afternoon.（ ）
A. on B. at C. in D. to
3. —______you pass the book to me，Betty？
—Yes，here you are.（ ）
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need
4. Tom does sports in the park every day.He looks much______than last year.（ ）
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
5. —______do you have a picnic？
—Once a month.（ ）
A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often
6. It was difficult to climb up the mountain，______they didn't give up.（ ）
A. and B. but C. or D. so
7. —What's on，Jane？
—Our Chinese astronauts______out of the space station now.（ ）
A. are walking B. will walk C. walked D. walk
8. Lily and Jeff went to the farm and they______how to grow vegetables.（ ）
A. will learn B. are learning C. learn D. learned
9. If you______a good habit of reading，you will improve your reading skills.（ ）
A. form B. formed C. will form D. have formed
10. Mr.Smith______lots of Chinese paintings since he moved to China.（ ）
A. collected B. has collected C. was collecting D. will collect
11. All the express mails _________right away as soon as they arrive tomorrow. （ ）
A. will deliver B. were delivered
C. delivered D. will be delivered
12. —Do you know_______for her speech？
—Yes，I do.During the breaks yesterday morning.（ ）
A. why Susan prepared B. why did Susan prepare
C. when Susan prepared D. when did Susan prepare
A Field Trip for Gold
Mr.Rodriguez's class was on a field trip at the Sutter Gold Mine（矿）.Larry couldn't wait to find some gold.He even brought along some photos to use as a reference（参照）.He didn't want to pick up any "fool's gold" by（1） ______ .
Larry's class got into the lift that would take them down the mine.On the ride down，their guide，Ron，gave them（2） ______ about the Gold Rush.
"Many prospectors came to this area，" explained Ron. "A prospector is someone who searches for valuable metals like gold."
Margaret interrupted，"Everyone must have got rich."
"Actually，" said Ron，"not everyone was（3） ______ .Many left the mine filled with disappointment."
"If I don't find any gold today，I'll be really annoyed（恼火），"Larry thought to himself.
The underground tour（4） ______ about an hour.Then they reached an open place.Ron showed them how to use pans for gold.
"It's Okay to let some of the water pour out，" said Ron. "If there's any gold in your pan，it will（5） ______ to the bottom."
Larry tried to put his pan in the water.Then he shook around the water.
"Nothing，" he said with a sigh（叹气）.
Larry repeated the process several times.Then he noticed something（6） ______ at the bottom of his pan.
Larry angled（倾斜） the pan so he could get a better look.Whatever it was，it was shining at the bottom.
Larry（7） ______ out the photos and compared them with what was in his pan.Then he went to show it to Ron.
"You have found gold!" Ron exclaimed with surprise.Everyone gathered around to see.It was just a small piece，but Larry felt like he had hit the jackpot.
Everyone（8） ______ the hardship（艰难） of hunting for gold in the past.They had learned a lot from this field trip.
13. A. chance B. mistake C. hand D. river
14. A. information B. location C. condition D. suggestion
15. A. friendly B. popular C. successful D. clever
16. A. covered B. continued C. lasted D. spent
17. A. lead B. return C. belong D. drop
18. A. bright B. wrong C. heavy D. fresh
19. A. dug B. pulled C. developed D. sold
20. A. predicted B. considered C. wondered D. experienced
21.
Sharing Mind Maps with Classmates
There are different kinds of mind maps.You can choose from them to complete the tasks clearly.
（1） ______ Tom needs to make a report on how to make delicious banana milk shake.He wants to show different steps clearly with a mind map.
（2） ______ Alice would like to compare Labor Education with Physical Education.She wants to find the relationship between them by using a mind map.
（3） ______ David works in a community service center.He wants to use a mind map to make a list of activities to help volunteers get more information.
A.Flow Map
A flow map can help us to improve our skills.It shows the steps or events from the very beginning to end.The number of steps can be different for each task.Flow Map can be used to make up a story ，show events in order ，tell steps in solving problems or making things.
B.Bubble Map
This kind of map can help us to explain an idea as short as possible.It can be the knowledge about different forms of words.It can also give more information and make the results easy to understand.It can be helpful when we want to make a good word list，map our thoughts and plan activities.
C.Bridge Map
This type of maps is useful in comparing between ideas or topics.It is also helpful in showing the relationship in and between them.If we have many ideas，we can use this kind of map to put them into different groups.A lot of people studying history and science are likely to use these maps.
D.Fish bone Map
The shape of the maps looks like a fish bone，so it is called the fish bone map.In the map，the head of the fish shows the problem，and each bone of the fish shows the possible causes of the problem.In this way，it can help us have a better picture to find out the cause and result of a problem.
(1)
(2)
(3)
O
Trying a New Way to Express
Elizabeth is a 14-year-old girl.She is in the seventh grade at Davis Drive Middle School in Cary，N.C.Students at school are required to do different science projects，such as building a model volcano.They get inspired from playing musical instruments to doing gymnastics.All they need to do is to transform their favorite activities into science projects.
Elizabeth enjoys doing science projects.She has designed a program based on the golden ratio（黄金分割） by herself.This ratio is often used to create pleasing parts in artworks.The ratio also appears in nature.Elizabeth's new program helps computers write data evenly across the storing system.This could help it live longer.
"As long as I can remember，I've been an artistic person，"Elizabeth says，"In the fourth grade，my art teacher taught us about the golden ratio.And at that point it was just，you know，something to use when we were painting."But last year，Elizabeth had to replace the memory in her own computer，thinking the golden ratio might work in technology，too.Elizabeth tested her golden-ratio technique（技法） by running programs on a computer.
But before this project，Elizabeth had no coding（编码） experience.To prepare for it，she spent months reading a textbook on how to code.She says，"It wasn't like an 'ah-ha' moment.Writing program is such a boring process.But it was just cool to explore and see the computer actually just doing the things that I told it to do after those hours."
"Don't limit yourself，"Elizabeth adds，"One of the biggest difficulties you face is changing your mindset（思维定式）.I never thought that science or computer science would be my kind of thing，but after learning a bit about programming，I found that it was actually a new way to express myself.In the past I used words，then I tried painting，and now I'm using programming."
22. According to the passage，Elizabeth's new program is good for ______ .
A. the science courses B. the musical instruments
C. the understanding of artwork D. the storing system
23. Before this project，Elizabeth made efforts to ______ .
A. draw pictures on computer screen
B. learn how to code from a textbook
C. express herself in different ways
D. practise gymnastics in the gym
24. After Elizabeth programmed，she expected to examine ______ .
A. the development of the science projects at her school
B. the advantages of using digital technology for painting
C. the relationship between science and computer science
D. the effects of the golden ratio working on her computer
P
Biodiversity refers to various kinds of living things on our planet.It includes not only the different species of animals and plants，but also the genetic diversity （多样性） within each species and the diversity of ecosystem in which they live.
Biodiversity is necessary for all living things，including humans.However，it is dangerous because of human activities such as deforestation（毁林），pollution，and climate change.
One of the main reasons why biodiversity is important is that it provides us with many necessary ecosystem services.For example，forests help to control the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide（CO₂） from the air.Wetlands help to separate out pollutants from water and offer living space for many kinds of birds and animals.Coral reefs protect coastlines from storms and provide home for thousands of living things in the ocean.
Biodiversity also plays a key role in providing us with food，medicine，and other resources（资源）.For example，many of the fruits and vegetables that we eat are from wild plants.Many of the medicines that we use to treat diseases come from plant and animal resources.And many of the materials that we use to build our homes and make our clothes come from natural resources.
However，besides its importance，biodiversity is under threat.According to the World Wildlife Fund，we are now in the process of the sixth mass extinction （灭绝） event in Earth's history.This extinction event is largely caused by human activities such as habitat destruction，pollution，and overfishing.
Protecting biodiversity is therefore completely necessary if we want to make sure that all living things can survive continually，including ourselves.This can be achieved through a combination of measures，including protection of natural environment，continuous use of natural resources，and reducing our carbon footprint（碳排放量）.
In conclusion，biodiversity is important for the survival and well-being of all living things，including humans.It is important that we must take actions to protect it for ourselves and for our future generations.
25. We can know from the passage that ______ .
A. humans provide necessary ecosystem services for biodiversity
B. biodiversity includes all kinds of living things except humans
C. humans make great influence on the biodiversity on the earth
D. the development of biodiversity relates to the climate change
26. The phrase " under threat " in Paragraph 4 probably means " ______ ".
A. in danger B. out of date C. under control D. on balance
27. What's the passage mainly talking about？ ______
A. It suggests us how we can take the advantage of biodiversity.
B. It encourages us to try to control biodiversity's development.
C. It tells us why we should take actions to protect biodiversity.
D. It talks about the importance of improving our environment.
Q
Nowadays our life is getting more and more demanding.It seems that multitasking can help us get out of the trouble.It was first used to describe computer performance.However，the human brain，is not a computer.And human attention is a very limited resource.Can we actually multitask？
According to the spotlight theory of attention，when we focus on the leftmost or rightmost things，our attention must cover the intervening region（间隔区）because the spotlight of attention cannot be divided.Even though we're constantly receiving a huge amount of information from our senses，it's only possible for a small amount to make it through to conscious awareness（意识）.Take the Bouncing Ball Experiment for an example.Let's watch carefully and pay particular attention to how many balls bounce（弹跳） in the circle.How many balls can you count？Seven，right？But did you also notice that little dinosaur？What about the changing shape of the circle？Or the smiley face on one of the balls？This experiment shows just how powerful our focused attention is.
Being able to delete irrelevant（无关的） detail is an amazingly useful tool，but it means we might miss things that are right under our noses.This is the effect known as inattention blindness.You can see this very clearly in the famous Invisible Gorilla experiment.When asked to concentrate exclusively on how often basketball players in white pass the ball，most people completely miss the gorilla walking across the screen and beating his chest.
We just don't have the ability to process everything at a time.This is a particular problem when we try to multitask.We can change attention from one task to another and back again.But when attention is overloaded，we miss things，and the result is nearly always that we perform tasks less well than we will do them one at a time.It's only truly possible to do two things at once if they require different sets of mental（头脑的） resources.For example，it's totally possible to read a book and listen to music at the same time.
This would suggest that driving while talking on the phone is not a problem，as long as it's a hands-free phone.But it's not that simple.Research has shown that while talking on the phone we have tendency（趋势） to create mental images，and this uses the same visual resources needed for driving.And if visual resources become too spread，it's possible for a driver to look directly at a danger but，just like with that little dinosaur，fail to see it.
So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.
28. The spotlight theory of attention in Paragraph 2 shows that ______ .
A. only a small amount of information can be noticed by us
B. our attention is good at receiving information unlimitedly
C. the spotlight attention can be divided into several regions
D. it's important to improve our powerful focused attention
29. According to the passage，" inattention blindness " might happen when ______ .
A. Each of the tasks is completed as the way the brain works
B. several tasks are repeated in a regular cycle one by one
C. mental resources are used to finish the tasks separately
D. mental attention resources are overloaded or too spread
30. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. We should learn to recognize different information from multitask.
B. Multitasking can help us improve the efficiency of our daily work.
C. We have to carry out special training for higher quality of multitask ______ .
D. Our brains are hardly able to deal with multitask at the same time.
31. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？
A. To tell the advantages of changing tasks from one to another.
B. To remind us to take notice of the bad results of multitasking.
C. To teach us how to multitask to lower the stress in daily lives.
D. To show some successful experience of developing multitask.
32.
Meeting the Needs of Elderly People
Smart phones are a part of our everyday life now，but not everyone can use them well，especially for the elderly people.Seeing this problem，George，a 16-year-old middle school student，with other volunteers came into the communities to help elderly people learn to use smart phones.But for all their goodwill，the service had some flaws（缺陷）.It took much time and effort，and more importantly，elderly people always forgot what they'd learned and the volunteers had to do the same job over and over again.
George noticed the problems and came up with an idea of solving them with a guidebook.He then formed a volunteer group called SilverHair with seven members.It took them about a month to finish writing a book called May I Show You How to Use Smart Phones.
The group members made a survey of more than 1，000 elderly people and talked with many of them in nursing homes and found out what the elderly people cared most about with smart phones."How to use WeChat" topped the list as the app covers many fields of life such as chatting，money transfers（转帐） and even ordering food in a restaurant.These made up one part of the book.The other parts include the basic jobs of phones，online shopping ，using online maps and so on.To make the book more friendly to older readers，George also made the pages light yellow and the characters big.
"Many elderly people are resistant（抗拒的） to smart phones at first as they are confused by so many different apps with various functions，but they are familiar with books，which can make them more willing to learn，" said George. "And besides，they can look for the tips in the book any time they need，just like using a dictionary."
The SilverHair members have already printed out 500 copies of the book and handed them all out to the communities.They'll soon start working on the second copy which includes more guidance such as hospital registration（挂号） and photo editing.They also hope for the support from the public so they can print more copies and help more elderly people.
(1) Where did the elderly people learn to use smart phones？
______
(2) How long did the group of SilverHair spend on the guidebook？
______
(3) Which part did the elderly people like to read most in the guidebook？
______
(4) What do you think of SilverHair？Why do you think so？
______
33. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris对于中国传统文化很感兴趣，他给你发来邮件，询问传统文化的继承和发展情况，如剪纸、风筝、灯笼（lantern）、京剧（Peking Opera）等。请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所参与的文化传承活动。
要求：文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。不少于50词。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：learn，experience，share，pass down
提示问题：
•How is traditional Chinese culture inherited（传承）？
•What have you done for it？
Dear Chris，
I'm glad to know that you're interested in traditional Chinese culture.______________________________
Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours， Li Hua
34. 某英文网站正在开展以"挑战"为主题的征文活动。假定你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你在生活中是怎样应对挑战的，有哪些收获。
要求：文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。不少于50词。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
提示词语：overcome，practice，effort，make progress
提示问题：
•How do you face challenges in your life？
•What have you achieved？
It is important for us to face challenges in our lives.___________________________________________
答案和解析
1.【答案】C
【解析】分析句子可知，此处作介词for的宾语，应使用人称代词的宾格形式；根据My sister's birthday is coming.（我妹妹的生日快到了。）可知，我想给她买个礼物，此处使用her，符合语境。
故选：C。
我妹妹的生日快到了。我想给她买个礼物。
掌握代词的基本用法，结合选项，认真分析，得出答案。
2.【答案】A
【解析】A.后面加星期或具体日期；B.后面加具体时间点；C.后面加年或月；D.后面加具体时间点，表示"差......"。根据Wednesday afternoon（周三下午）可知是星期，用介词on。
故选：A。
在学校，我们通常在周三下午上历史课。
了解常见介词的含义及区别，结合语境即可选出答案。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。Must一定，必须；May可能；Can能，会；Need需要；根据句意可知，空处要表示"能"意思，用情态动词can。
故选：C。
——Betty，你能把书递给我吗？
——好的，给你。
本题考查了情态动词的用法，解答时注意了解句意以及所给选项的意思并作出正确选择。
4.【答案】B
【解析】strong健壮的；stronger较健壮的，比较级；strongest最健壮的，最高级；the strongest最健壮的，最高级前常使用定冠词the。由比较级的标志词than可知，此处是二者相比较，应使用比较级，much修饰比较级，表示"……得多"。
故选：B。
汤姆每天在公园做运动。他看起来比去年强壮多了。
掌握比较级用法，抓住关键词，认真分析，得出答案。
5.【答案】D
【解析】How soon多快、多久以后，其后用in加一段时间来回答，How long多长，是对长度或一段时间的提问；How much多少，询问价格或不可数名词数量；How often多久一次，是对频率的提问；根据答语Once a month.一月一次，可知上文是对频率进行提问，用How often。
故选：D。
--你多久野餐一次？
--一月一次。
本题考查的是疑问词组的辨析，理解句意并熟记各个疑问词组的意思是解答本题的关键。
6.【答案】B
【解析】and和，表示顺承、承接关系；but但是，表示转折关系；or或者，表示选择关系；so因此，表示因果关系。根据"It was difficult to climb up the mountain，...they didn't give up."可知前后句之间表达的是转折关系，因此应用but来连接。
故选：B。
爬上这座山很困难，但他们没有放弃。
掌握连词的用法和含义是解答本题的关键。
7.【答案】A
【解析】are walking现在进行时；will walk一般将来时；walked一般过去时；walk动词原形。根据上文"What's on，Jane？"可知此处表示动作正在进行，因此时态用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are+动词的现在分词。
故选：A。
--正在发生什么，简？
--我们的中国宇航员正在走出空间站。
掌握现在进行时的用法和结构是解答本题的关键。
8.【答案】D
【解析】learn学会。选项A是一般将来时；选项B是现在进行时；选项C是动词原形；选项D是过去式。根据第一个分句的时态可知空格处也应使用一般过去时，谓语由动词的过去式构成，本题答案是D。
故选：D。
Lily和Jeff去了农场，他们学会了如何种蔬菜。
本题主要考查一般过去时的基本用法。
9.【答案】A
【解析】form形成。选项A是动词原形；选项B是过去式；选项C是一般将来时；选项D是现在完成时。根据观察和分析可知题干是复合句，含有if引导的条件状语从句，主句用的是一般将来时，根据主将从现的原则可知从句使用一般现在时，主语是you，空格处用动词原形。
故选：A。
如果你形成了一个好的阅读习惯，你将提高你的阅读技巧。
本题主要考查主将从现的用法。
10.【答案】B
【解析】A.一般过去时；B.现在完成时；C.过去进行时；D.一般将来时。since表示"自从"，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
故选：B。
自从史密斯先生搬到中国，他已经收集了许多中国画。
观察题干找到关键词，结合语境即可找到正确时态。
11.【答案】D
【解析】will deliver一般将来时；were delivered一般过去时的被动语态；delivered一般过去时；will be delivered一般将来时的被动语态。由题干可知，本句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循"主将从现"的原则，因此这里应用一般将来时，且主语All the express mails和谓语动词deliver之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+动词的过去分词。
故选：D。
所有的快件明天一到就会马上送到。
掌握一般将来时被动语态的结构和用法是解答本题的关键。
12.【答案】C
【解析】A.苏珊为什么准备；B.苏珊为什么准备，疑问句语序；C.苏珊什么时候准备；D.苏珊什么时候准备，疑问句语序。know后面用宾语从句，遵循陈述句语序，排除B和D。根据During the breaks yesterday morning.（昨天早上休息期间。）可知此句是提问时间的。
故选：C。
-你知道苏珊什么时候准备的她的演讲吗？
-是的，我知道。昨天早上休息期间。
观察选项排除疑问句语序，结合语境选出合适连接词。
13~20.【答案】B、A、C、C、D、A、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词辨析。句意：他不想拿错任何"愚人之金"。A.chance机会；B.mistake错误；C.hand手；D.river河。根据He didn't want to pick up any "fool's gold"（他不想捡任何"愚人之金"）可知，这里表示错误地把黄铁矿等不值钱的东西认为是黄金，因此应是by mistake，表示"错误地"。故选B。
（2）考查名词辨析。句意：在下矿井的路上，他们的向导罗恩给他们介绍了淘金热的情况。A.information信息；B.location位置；C.condition状况；D.suggestion建议。根据about the Gold Rush（关于淘金热）可知，向导介绍了淘金热的相关情况。故选A。
（3）考查形容词辨析。句意：不是每个人都能成功。A.friendly友好的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.successful成功的；D.clever聪明的。根据Many left the mine filled with disappointment.（许多人带着失望离开了矿井。）可知，并不是每个人都能成功。故选C。
（4）考查动词辨析。句意：地下之旅持续了大约一个小时。A.covered覆盖；B.continued继续；C.lasted持续；D.spent花费。根据Then they reached an open place.（他们来到一块空地。）可知，之前一直在下矿井的路上，因此空处应是"持续"。故选C。
（5）考查动词辨析。句意：如果你的锅里有金子，它会掉到锅底。A.lead引领；B.return返回；C.belong属于；D.drop掉落。根据If there's any gold in your pan（如果你的淘金锅里有金子）可知，it代指金子，因此它会落在锅底。故选D。
（6）考查形容词辨析。句意：然后他注意到锅底有什么东西发亮。A.bright明亮的；B.wrong错误的；C.heavy重的；D.fresh新鲜的。根据Whatever it was，it was shining at the bottom.（不管它是什么，它在底部闪闪发光。）可知，他注意到了发亮的东西。故选A。
（7）考查动词辨析。句意：拉里拿出照片，和锅里的东西做了比较。A.dug挖；B.pulled拉；C.developed发展；D.sold卖。根据宾语the photos（照片）可知，拉里拿出了照片来比对。故选B。
（8）考查动词辨析。句意：每个人都经历了过去寻找黄金的艰辛。A.predicted预测；B.considered考虑；C.wondered想知道；D.experienced经历。根据They had learned a lot from this field trip.（他们从这次实地考察中学到了很多东西。）可知，大家都尝试了淘金，都经历了寻找黄金的艰辛。故选D。
这篇短文讲述了学生们去金矿实地考察，体验淘金的经历。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21.【答案】【小题1】A
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据题干Tom needs to make a report on how to make delicious banana milk shake.He wants to show different steps clearly with a mind map.（汤姆需要做一份关于如何制作美味的香蕉奶昔的报告。他想用思维导图清楚地展示不同的步骤。）可知，说的是汤姆想用思维导图展示不同的步骤。结合选项可知，A项，流程图流程图可以帮助我们提高技能。它显示了从开始到结束的步骤或事件。每个任务的步骤数可能不同。流程图可以用来编故事、按顺序显示事件、讲述解决问题或制作事物的步骤。符合语境。故选 A。
（2）根据题干Alice would like to compare Labor Education with Physical Education.She wants to find the relationship between them by using a mind map.（爱丽丝想把劳动教育和体育教育进行比较。她想用思维导图来找出它们之间的关系。）可知，说的是爱丽丝想用思维导图找出劳动教育和体育的关系。结合选项可知，C项，桥梁地图这种类型的地图有助于比较思想或主题。它也有助于显示它们之间的关系。如果我们有很多想法，我们可以使用这种地图将它们分为不同的组。许多研究历史和科学的人可能会使用这些地图。符合语境。故选 C。
（3）根据题干David works in a community service center.He wants to use a mind map to make a list of activities to help volunteers get more information.（大卫在一家社区服务中心工作。他想用思维导图列出活动清单，帮助志愿者获得更多信息。）可知，说的是大卫想用思维导图列出活动清单。结合选项可知，B项，气泡图这种地图可以帮助我们尽可能简短地解释一个想法。它可以是关于不同形式的单词的知识。它还可以提供更多信息，使结果易于理解。当我们想列出一个好的单词表，映射我们的想法和计划活动时，它会很有帮助。符合语境。故选 B。
（1）汤姆需要做一份关于如何制作美味的香蕉奶昔的报告。他想用思维导图清楚地展示不同的步骤。——流程图流程图可以帮助我们提高技能。它显示了从开始到结束的步骤或事件。每个任务的步骤数可能不同。流程图可以用来编故事、按顺序显示事件、讲述解决问题或制作事物的步骤。
（2）爱丽丝想把劳动教育和体育教育进行比较。她想用思维导图来找出它们之间的关系。——桥梁地图这种类型的地图有助于比较思想或主题。它也有助于显示它们之间的关系。如果我们有很多想法，我们可以使用这种地图将它们分为不同的组。许多研究历史和科学的人可能会使用这些地图。
（3）大卫在一家社区服务中心工作。他想用思维导图列出活动清单，帮助志愿者获得更多信息。——气泡图这种地图可以帮助我们尽可能简短地解释一个想法。它可以是关于不同形式的单词的知识。它还可以提供更多信息，使结果易于理解。当我们想列出一个好的单词表，映射我们的想法和计划活动时，它会很有帮助。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
22~24.【答案】D、B、D
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据第一段Elizabeth's new program helps computers write data evenly across the storing system.（Elizabeth的新程序帮助计算机在存储系统中均匀地写入数据。）可知，根据这段话，Elizabeth的新程序对存储系统有好处。故选D。
（2）根据第三段To prepare for it，she spent months reading a textbook on how to code.（为了做好准备，她花了几个月的时间阅读了一本关于如何编码的教科书。）可知，在这个项目之前，Elizabeth努力学习如何从教科书中编码。故选B。
（3）根据第二段Elizabeth tested her golden-ratio technique（技法） by running programs on a computer.（Elizabeth通过在电脑上运行程序来测试她的黄金比例技巧。）可知，Elizabeth编程后，她希望在电脑上检查黄金比例的效果。故选D。
本文主要讲述了一位14岁的女孩Elizabeth在学校的科学项目中，将自己喜欢的艺术活动转化为科学项目，并成功设计了一款基于黄金分割比例的程序。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25~27.【答案】C、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Biodiversity is necessary for all living things，including humans.However，it is dangerous because of human activities such as deforestation，pollution，and climate change.（生物多样性对包括人类在内的所有生物都是必要的。然而，由于森林砍伐、污染和气候变化等人类活动，生物多样性是危险的。）可知从文章中我们可以知道人类对地球上的生物多样性产生了巨大影响。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第五段However，besides its importance，biodiversity is under threat.According to the World Wildlife Fund，we are now in the process of the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history.（然而，除了其重要性之外，生物多样性也受到......根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，我们现在正处于地球历史上第六次大规模灭绝事件的过程中。）可知" under threat"的意思是"处于危险之中"。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段In conclusion，biodiversity is important for the survival and well-being of all living things，including humans.It is important that we must take actions to protect it for ourselves and for our future generations.（然而，除了其重要性之外，生物多样性也受到威胁。根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，我们现在正处于地球历史上第六次大规模灭绝事件的过程中。）可知本文主要讲我们为什么我们应该采取行动保护生物多样性。故选C。
本文主要介绍了生物多样性的概念及其重要性，呼吁人们采取行动保护生物多样性，为我们自己和未来的后代创造更好的生存环境。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28~31.【答案】A、D、D、B
【解析】 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段According to the spotlight theory of attention，when we focus on the leftmost or rightmost things，our attention must cover the intervening region because the spotlight of attention cannot be divided.Even though we're constantly receiving a huge amount of information from our senses，it's only possible for a small amount to make it through to conscious awareness.（根据注意力的聚光灯理论，当我们专注于最左边或最右边的事情时，我们的注意力必须覆盖中间区域，因为注意力的聚光点是不可分割的。即使我们不断从感官接收到大量信息，但只有少量信息才能进入意识。）可知聚光灯理论表明了聚光灯理论表明我们只能注意到少量信息。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段But when attention is overloaded，we miss things（但当注意力超负荷时，我们就会错过一些事情。）第五段And if visual resources become too spread，it's possible for a driver to look directly at a danger （如果视觉资源过于分散，驾驶员有可能直接看到危险。）可知"疏忽失明"可能发生精神注意力资源过载或过于分散。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.（因此，多任务处理往好了说是低效的，往坏了说是完全危险的。如果你觉得你应该同时做17件事，记住，这不是你大脑的工作方式。）可知我们能从这篇文章中学到我们的大脑很难同时处理多项任务。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段So multitasking makes us at best，inefficient，and at worst，downright dangerous.If you're feeling like you should be doing 17 things at once，remember，that's just not the way your brain works.（因此，多任务处理往好了说是低效的，往坏了说是完全危险的。如果你觉得你应该同时做17件事，记住，这不是你大脑的工作方式。）可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提醒我们注意多任务处理的不良后果。故选B。
这篇文章主要讲述了当今社会的生活越来越忙碌，人们常常尝试多任务处理来应对这种情况，但实际上人类大脑的注意力是非常有限的，无法真正实现多任务处理，最后提醒人们，如果你觉得自己需要同时做很多事情，那么请记住，你的大脑并不是这样工作的。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32.【答案】【小题1】In their communities.
【小题2】About a month.
【小题3】They liked to read the part of "How to use WeChat" best of all.
【小题4】It's helpful.Because it spent about a month writing the book for the old.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Seeing this problem，George，a 16-year-old middle school student，with other volunteers came into the communities to help elderly people learn to use smart phones.（看到这个问题，16岁的中学生乔治和其他志愿者来到社区，帮助老年人学习使用智能手机。）可知，老年人在社区学会使用智能手机。故填In their communities.
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段It took them about a month to finish writing a book called May I Show You How to Use Smart Phones.（他们花了大约一个月的时间写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。）可知，花了大约一个月的时间写这本书。故填About a month.
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"How to use WeChat" topped the list as the app covers many fields of life such as chatting，money transfers（转帐）and even ordering food in a restaurant.（"如何使用微信"名列榜首，因为这款应用涵盖了生活的许多领域，比如聊天、转账，甚至是在餐馆点餐。）可知，老年人最喜欢阅读指南中的"如何使用微信"部分。故填They liked to read the part of "How to use WeChat" best of all.
（4）主观表达题。我认为"银发"这个组织很有帮助。因为这个组织花了大约一个月的时间为老年人写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。故填It's helpful.Because it spent about a month writing the book for the old.
本文主要讲述了由七名成员组成的志愿者组织，花了大约一个月的时间为老年人写了一本名为《我可以教你如何使用智能手机吗》的书。
答此类阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，得出正确答案。
33.【答案】Dear Chris.
I'm glad to know that you're interested in traditional Chinese culture.There are different kinds of activities inheriting traditional Chinese culture.Museums and communities often hold public shows for people.Our school usually holds traditional culture activities.For example，on Dragon Boat Festival，we often make zongzi together.There is a speech competition about traditional Chinese culture each term in our school.【高分句型一】（传统文化是如何传承的）
As for me，I'm a big fan of paper cutting .I usually go to the library to search for the books on it.I have used scissors to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.【高分句型二】I've taken part in paper cutting shows to experience the spirits of traditional Chinese culture.At school，I often share them with my classmates.In this way，I've helped to pass down the skills of making paper cutting and push forward the development of traditional Chinese culture（我所参与的文化传承活动）
Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】【高分句型一】
There is a speech competition about traditional Chinese culture each term in our school.
我们学校每学期都有一场关于中国传统文化的演讲比赛。本句使用了there be句型，表示"某地有……"
【高分句型二】
I have used scissors to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.
我用过剪刀把折叠好的纸剪成简单的动物或植物的形状。动词不定式短语to cut the folded paper into simple shapes of animals or plants.作目的状语。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
34.【答案】 It is important for us to face the challenges in our lives.（提出主题）When our English festival is coming，I try my best to take part in a speech competition and give a speech in front of all the students.【高分句型一】It is such a big challenge for me because I am too shy to talk in public.I realize it is a good chance to overcome my shyness.I practice my speech at home over and over again.I also ask my parents for help.（描述如何应对挑战）
Thanks to my effort，I win the first prize.（说明结果）From this experience，I have learned that facing challenges is a good way to improve myself.【高分句型二】As long as we are brave enough to face them，we will get more than we expect，and then make great progress.（获得的收获）
【解析】【高分句型一】
When our English festival is coming，I try my best to take part in a speech competition and give a speech in front of all the students.
翻译：当我们的英语节到来的时候，我尽我最大的努力参加演讲比赛，并在所有的学生面前演讲。
分析：句子中When引导时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
From this experience，I have learned that facing challenges is a good way to improve myself.
翻译：从这次经历中，我了解到面对挑战是提高自己的好方法。
分析：句子中that引导宾语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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