2023年北京市通州区一模英语试卷（含解析）

这是一份2023年北京市通州区一模英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年北京市通州区一模英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）
A
Through interacting with people and the outdoors，a cycling holiday can boost both your physical and mental well-being.We have researched the best routes for the perfect cycling holiday here in the UK.With locations across the UK，you'll be sure to find your next cycling destination here.
Camel Trail
The best cycling route here in the UK is the Camel Trail in North Cornwall.Stretching 27.8 kms from Padstow to Wenfordbridge，this cycling route is not only a fairly flat cycle，but is also home to some breathtaking views of the coast and family-friendly camping spots.Perfect for families，the Camel Trail follows alongside sandy beaches and villages along the way，meaning there's more to discover.
Tissington Trail
The Tissington Trail takes you from Ashbourne in the Derbyshire Dales，all the way up to Parsley Hay.Taking you through the south of the beautiful Peak District，the Tissington Trail follows an old railway line which still has the former station platforms.Filled with lots of history and nature，and only a 25-minute drive to Alton Towers for a bit of added fun，this holiday is jam-packed with plenty to do for the whole family.
Derby Canal Path and Cloud Trail
The Derby Canal Path and Cloud Trail stretches 21.4 kms from Derby to the market town of Loughborough.Taking you along the picturesque countryside，and waterside sections，this cycling route has it all.Local attractions on the route include Melboume Hall and Gardens，and Melboume Animal Farm.
Marriott's Way
The Marriott's Way is another long distance cycle and footpath that starts in Norwich and finishes in Reepham.Perfect for cycling through Norfolk's picturesque woodlands，the Marriott's Way also passes through picturesque small towns and villages including Attlebridge，Whitwell，and Theme Thorpe.The Marriott's Way cycling trail has the steepest ascent out of the four best cycling holidays，so may be the best for those who are keen riders.
If you choose to venture out on a cycling holiday this year，you'll feel the benefit of spending time with family and friends while exploring some of the UK's most scenic and enjoyable cycling routes.Take your pick from our best cycling holidays in the UK for your next staycation，whether you're a novice rider or looking for a challenge.
1. What can people gain from a cycling holiday？ ______
A. Improved cycling skills.
B. Better mood and stronger body.
C. Increased knowledge of the ocean.
D. Deepened understanding of green travelling.
2. If you are interested in the beautiful scenery and history，you can choose ______
A. Camel Trail B. Tissington Trail
C. Derby Canal Path and Cloud Trail D. Marriott's Way
3. What is the main purpose of this passage？ ______
A. To discuss the benefits of cycling.
B. To encourage people to go cycling.
C. To introduce some cycling holiday tracks.
D. To analyze the differences among the four routes.
B
I still remember how a pet mouse was popular among my classmates in Broadbeach State School.One day，my friends and I decided to buy a pet mouse.The pet shopkeeper wouldn't sell us one until he got our parents' letter that could show their permission for us to get a pet.So，having the neatest handwriting，I faked one.The store owner quickly saw through my handwriting and asked me to contact my mother to confirm the situation.My trick quickly failed，and it was all messed up.
My mum got very angry and felt that the punishment should fit the crime.Knowing that my writing was poor and always in need of improvement，she made me write letters to a few randomly selected relatives.One of them was my uncle whom I'd only met a few times when I was a kindergartner.I wrote a long letter detailing my life and listing my interests.
My punishment was complete.I forgot about this until I suddenly got a reply from my uncle. "How lovely to hear from you，" he said，and went on to tell me all about his life.He'd love to hear about what subjects at school I enjoyed.And so started a correspondence（信件往来）that went on for several years.He turned out to be the most fascinating man.
Then out of the blue，he died.My mum took the phone call and she was shocked.She deeply regretted it as they had not really spoken for years because of their busy life and workload.I went upstairs and produced a box of letters，the last one being from just a few days before he had passed away.My mum began to read them and knew that although she hadn't been in touch，I had grown close to him by writing to him，which relieved and calmed her.In fact，I then became close to his wife，whom I also wrote to for many years.
I often think about how that one naughty childhood crime led to such an enriching correspondence that stretched on for many years.It encouraged me to write to lots of other people in fact，and it's something I keep up with to this day.Besides，receiving a letter is such a lovely surprise.Be bold and write to someone you maybe don't know that well.Who knows where it will lead？
4. Why did the author's mum ask him to write a letter to his uncle？ ______
A. Because he did something wrong.
B. Because they hadn't spoken for years.
C. Because his uncle wanted to hear from them.
D. Because he wanted to share his joy of owning a pet.
5. What can we learn about the author？ ______
A. He ended the correspondence after his uncle passed away.
B. He found his uncle extremely interesting and attractive.
C. He was not interested in keeping in contact with his uncle.
D. His mum kept close contact with his uncle through letters.
6. How did the author's mother feel when reading the letters？ ______
A. Comforted. B. Regretful. C. Astonished. D. Pleased.
7. What main message does the writer express in the passage？ ______
A. We should appreciate something before it's gone.
B. Writing letters can be a way to make up for past mistakes.
C. It's important to tell the truth and be honest in your writing.
D. Writing letters has the power of strengthening bonds with others.
C
Remember your first day of school？How did your mum pick out your clothes the day before and how nervous did you feel when entering the classroom？Or what about the first time you rode a bike，with all of the excitement coursing through your veins（静脉）？Some memories stick with us and we can recall them like scenes in a movie.These are known as episodic memories.
A new study published in the journal，Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，has shown that certain cells，called time cells，make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in chronological （时间顺序的） order.As memories are being formed，these time cells put a stamp on the memories.Later，this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.
The 27 participants in the study had electrodes placed in their brains.This allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus （海马体） and another area involved in the perception of time.The participants were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.Then they were asked to recall the words.During this time，the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells.They found that specific cells fired signals during each sequence of words. "The time cells that we found are marking out discreet （不显眼的） segments （片段） of time within•••this approximately 30-second window，"said Brad Lega，a neurosurgeon at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center，US.This proves the possible existence of time cells in the human brain.
Gyorgy Buzsaki，a professor at New York University，said the study is important as it can explain memory problems found in people who suffered damage to their hippocampus.In one experiment，scientists compared the memories of people who had just taken a tour of a college campus.Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.However，those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events.
The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing significantly.As of Sepetmber 2019，around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia （痴呆），and the number will triple by 2050，according to the World Health Organization.Such studies will help scientists develop better medical interventions for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease，the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.
8. What does the underlined word "recount" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Decide. B. Tell. C. Create. D. Predict.
9. What can we learn from the study？ ______
A. Most of the participants could not recall the word sequence.
B. Participants were required to speak out the words within 30 seconds.
C. People with damaged hippocampus could also recall the sequence of events.
D. While the participants were recalling the words，certain brain cells released signals.
10. What does the study try to find out？ ______
A. How humans' feeling of time changes over time.
B. How often brain cells send signals during an event.
C. How brain cells work to remember sequences of events.
D. How the brain memorizes events that people have experienced.
11. What can the study be applied to？ ______
A. Finding the true cause of dementia.
B. Discovering time cells in creatures.
C. Finding ways to cure memory disorders.
D. Deciding the reason for Alzheimer's disease.
D
You may have heard of the Tasmanian tiger — but you most certainly have never seen one.Along with many other species over the past hundred years，this creature became extinct because of humans.Now，scientists in Australia and the US are trying to bring it back to life.
Bringing species back from the dead is known as de extinction.Though it sounds like something from a science fiction movie，new technologies have made de-extinction a very real possibility.To "bring back" an extinct species，scientists take stem cells from a closely related living animal and edit the genes.Then，the cells grow into a new animal.This new animal is not an exact copy of the extinct one，but it's very close.In theory，scientists could create entire populations of animals and set them free in the wild.
If successful，the de-extinction project in Australia could have a favorable impact on the environment.Tasmanian tigers could help bring balance to Australia's remaining forests by hunting and killing animals that are harming the trees.Indeed，something similar happened when wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park in 1995，with deer and plant populations rebalanced as a result.
De-extinction is not a perfect solution，however.For one thing，it won't change the human behaviors that cause animals to become extinct in the first place.If we continue polluting and destroying the environment，animals will continue to die out.The only way we can truly protect them is by changing our habits.Bringing extinct species back to life won't magically make us respect nature more.
Also，the money that we spend on de-extinction would probably be better spent on other conservation projects.Or，as those against de-extinction would put it，it's better to spend money on the living rather than the dead.The reason for this is that，compared to other efforts，de-extinction is extremely expensive.In fact，for the cost of bringing one extinct species back to life，traditional conservation efforts could save up to eight threatened ones.
The power of science is amazing，but it might be time for us to stop and decide whether de-extinction is something we really want to achieve.With the technology we currently have，the question is no longer "can we？" but "should we？"
12. Why does the writer mention "wolves introduced to Yellowstone Park"？ ______
A. To test the effect of de-extinction.
B. To discuss the importance of de extinction.
C. To illustrate the possible effect of de-extinction.
D. To present a successful example of de-extinction.
13. What can we learn about de-extinction in the passage？ ______
A. It demands large expenses.
B. It helps adjust human behaviours.
C. It threatens the current ecosystem.
D. It restores the balance between humans and nature.
14. What is the author's view on de-extinction？ ______
A. Neutral. B. Opposed. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Whether it is in a family board game，or during competitive sports，it can be easy to spot sore losers.During those times when we are faced with loss.sore losers struggle more than others.
When sore losers notice that they are lowering in the rankings，they may try to win at all costs.（1） ______ Therefore，they're prepared to do anything in their power to avoid them even if that involves immoral behaviours.
（ 2） ______ They constantly calculate their unlikelihood of a win in the competitions.And when the risk of losing is very high，they will immediately withdraw from the game.That's because quitting is the last way to ensure losing doesn't happen.
Perhaps the biggest revealing of sore losers is their attitude.（3） ______ This can be linked back to evolutionary benefits，as channeling this frustration helped our ancestors succeed.After losing a hunt，for example，these feelings made them try harder until they were successful.
What can we do to avoid becoming sore losers？One way in the first place is to play and explore what you're good at without any success criteria.Then when it does come to losing，identify what was within your control and whether it was down to luck，talent，or practice. （4） ______ Winning feels essential now，but how will the result affect you tomorrow？Chances are，it-won't be as significant then. （5） ______

A.These thought processes can help you to gain insight.
B.The strategy may involve the participant becoming angry beforehand.
C.Giving up before the results are finalized is another sign of sore losers.
D.This is because the loss will bring about some unwanted negative feelings.
E.For many people，controlling anger is impossible as their loss is announced.
F.Most of us can accept the negative consequences of losing a fierce competition.
G.Another way is to consider the consequences of winning or losing in your future.
15.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）
As the foreign English teacher at my school，I have a weekly English music broadcast where I showcase different English songs.I try to get the students to recommend songs to me for the broadcast.At the broadcast，I usually announce who recommended the song and then（1） ______ it for everyone to hear during lunch time.I offer everyone an opportunity to share themselves through their music，including one（2） ______ student of mine.
This student（3） ______ gets into fights with the other students，doesn't study，and brings down the energy of the class.Most of the other teachers and students push him away.I knew though that he just needed a friend，or at least someone he could（4） ______ with.
I could tell he was warming up to me over the last year.I told him to（5） ______ a song he likes that has some English words in it and I would play it on the broadcast for him.He eventually recommended a song.I actually really liked the song so I put it on the broadcast and made sure to announce his name，so everyone knew that he（6） ______ and recommended such a great song.
Needless to say，the boy was（7） ______ ，and he's been much happier and focused in English class ever since.While everyone else misunderstood him and pushed him away，I saw him right through and knew that he just needed someone who（8） ______ him.
There's still a language（9） ______ between us，but words aren't needed，because you can always sense where you're at with someone.He recently walked by me and gave me the most genuine smile that I'd ever seen.My coworker turned to me and said "I've never seen him smile like that before.How did you get through to him？" "I gave him a（10） ______ ，"I said， "through just one song."
20.  A. accept B. play C. choose D. change
21.  A. absent B. anxious C. tough D. quiet
22.  A. constantly B. finally C. carefully D. obviously
23.  A. cooperate B. agree C. argue D. connect
24.  A. think of B. listen to C. talk about D. hand out
25.  A. gathered B. contributed C. remembered D. wrote
26.  A. interested B. confused C. astonished D. excited
27.  A. acknowledged B. persuaded C. entertained D. impressed
28.  A. trap B. boundary C. barrier D. disorder
29.  A. word B. chance C. gift D. game
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共15.0分）
30. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience that was too convenient for my own good：my tablet.I stuck to my workday diet of four newspapers each morning.And that was the problem：I was behaving as if I were still in the office，（1） ______ （stick） to the unending news cycle.My body was on vacation（2） ______ my head wasn't.So this year I make up my mind to try something different：staying away from the Internet.I know it won't be easy，but I am determined.A vacation（3） ______ （ suppose） to help you reset your brain to become more productive.
(1)
(2)
(3)
31. Despite the rapid progress of society，there is a widespread recognition that the quality of life in large cities is getting much（1） ______ （bad）.The proper way to tackle this problem is developing mixed-use areas.Mixed-use areas，for example，may contain offices and businesses，apartments，and entertainment facilities.（2） ______ （apparent），they attract people who want to live and work in the same area.Therefore，people spend less time in cars driving to work and play，（ 3） ______ in turn reduces pollution and possibly improves the well-being of the population.
(1)
(2)
(3)
32. Traditional Chinese tea-making（1） ______ （consist） of knowledge，skills，and practices about the management of tea plantations，picking of tea leaves，and the processing，drinking，and sharing of tea.Not only are tea-related customs found across the country，but also they （2） ______ （influence） the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.Teas have pleased and fascinated the world（3） ______ thousands of years.They have finally received top-level global recognition as a（4） ______ （share） cultural treasure of humankind.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
五、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）
33. 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods even if you also exercise regularly could be bad for your health.And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place at the office，at school，in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs.Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Joumal of Sports Medicine，Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity，they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. "After four hours of sitting，the body starts to send harmful signals，" said Ekblom-Bak.She explained that sitting too long slows the metabolism-which affects our ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure，and metabolise fat-and may cause weaker muscles and bones.
Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.Tim Armstrong，a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization，said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day，rather than in a single bout （一回）.
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset （抵消） those effects.
"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits，" Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they are in the office，they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible，" she said.
(1) What are the possible bad effects of sitting for a long time？
______
(2) What is the next step for the current research on sitting long hours？
______
(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
Ø Sitting for long periods is bad for your health.However，doing exercise once a day is enough to get rid of the impact of sitting too much.
______
(4) What habits do you think are good for your health？Why？
______
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）
34. 假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你校交换生Jim对中国的非物质文化遗产非常感兴趣，这个周末在国家博物馆将举办一场非遗文化展。请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他一同前往。邮件内容包括：
（1）介绍活动；
（2）发出邀请。
注意：
（1）词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词：国家博物馆 National Museum of China
非物质文化遗产展览 intangible cultural heritage exhibition
Dear Jim，


Yours， Li Hua

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的关键句Through interacting with people and the outdoors，a cycling holiday can boost both your physical and mental well-being.（通过与人和户外的互动，骑自行车度假可以促进你的身心健康。）可知作者认为骑行过程可以使得心情更好，身体更强壮。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Tissington Trail部分中的关键句Taking you through the south of the beautiful Peak District，the Tissington Trail follows an old railway line which still has the former station platforms.Filled with lots of history and nature，and only a 25-minute drive to Alton Towers for a bit of added fun，this holiday is jam-packed with plenty to do for the whole family.（Tissington Trail将带您穿过美丽的山顶区（Peak District）南部，沿着一条古老的铁路线，这里仍然保留着以前的车站月台。这里充满了历史和自然风光，距离奥尔顿塔只有25分钟的车程，可以增加一点乐趣，这个假期为全家人提供了大量的活动。）可知如果你对美丽的风景和历史感兴趣，你可以选择Tissington Trail。故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。由本文第一段中的关键句We have researched the best routes for the perfect cycling holiday here in the UK.With locations across the UK，you'll be sure to find your next cycling destination here.（我们研究了在英国度过完美自行车假期的最佳路线。在英国各地，你一定会在这里找到你的下一个骑行目的地。）并结合下文可知，文章主要向读者介绍了四个适合假期自行车骑行的最佳路径。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个在英国适合假期自行车骑行的最佳路线。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】A、B、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段My trick quickly failed，and it was all messed up.（我的把戏很快就失败了，一切都搞砸了）以及第二段 My mum got very angry and felt that the punishment should fit the crime.Knowing that my writing was poor and always in need of improvement，she made me write letters to a few randomly selected relatives.（我妈妈非常生气，觉得惩罚应该与罪行相称。她知道我的文笔很差，总是需要改进，于是让我给几个随机挑选的亲戚写信）可知，妈妈让作者给舅舅写信是因为他做了错事。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中He turned out to be the most fascinating man.（事实证明他原来是最迷人的人）可知，作者认为舅舅是十分有趣和有吸引力的。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段My mum began to read them and knew that although she hadn't been in touch，I had grown close to him by writing to him，which relieved and calmed her.（我妈妈开始读这些信，她知道虽然她还没有联系过，但我通过给他写信已经和他亲近了，这让她松了一口气，也让她平静了下来）可知，妈妈得知作者舅舅去世时是很震惊，很难过，并且很后悔没有和他多联系。可是她知道作者和舅舅一直在通信，并且读了那些信件时心情好多了，感到很欣慰，难过的心情得到抚慰。故选A项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段It encouraged me to write to lots of other people in fact，and it's something I keep up with to this day.Besides，receiving a letter is such a lovely surprise.Be bold and write to someone you maybe don't know that well.Who knows where it will lead？（事实上，它鼓励我给很多其他人写信，我一直坚持到今天。此外，收到一封信是一个如此可爱的惊喜。大胆地写信给你可能不太了解的人。谁知道会发生什么呢）可知，作者认为写信有着神奇的力量可以增进关系，并建议读者写信。故选D项。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了小作者想要在店里买一只宠物，他伪造了一封信，表示母亲允许买宠物。事情败露，作为惩罚，妈妈要求他给亲戚写信，作者和他舅舅通信多年，直到舅舅去世时，妈妈很后悔没有和舅舅多多联系，得知孩子一直和舅舅通信感到很欣慰。作者认为，信心可以增进亲情。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】B、D、C、D
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据第二段的These cells help us form clear memories in chronological （时间顺序的） order.As memories are being formed，these time cells put a stamp on the memories. （这些细胞帮助我们按照时间顺序形成清晰的记忆。当记忆形成时，这些时间细胞会在记忆上打上印记）可知，时间细胞帮助我们按时间顺序形成清晰的记忆，并且打上印记。由此推知，后来这些"印记"就可以帮助我们按经历事件的顺序来讲述。即recount意为"讲述"，与tell同义。A．Decide.决定；B．Tell.讲述；C．Create.创造；D．Predict.预测。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段的Then they were asked to recall the words.During this time，the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells.They found that specific cells fired signals during each sequence of words.（然后他们被要求回忆这些单词。在此期间，科学家们观察了不同脑细胞的活动。他们发现，特定的细胞在每个单词序列中都会发出信号）可知，当实验参与者们回忆这些单词时，特定的大脑细胞释放处了信号。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段A new study published in the journal，Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，has shown that certain cells，called time cells，make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in chronological （时间顺序的） order.As memories are being formed，these time cells put a stamp on the memories.Later，this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.（发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项新研究表明，某些被称为时间细胞的细胞使这种记忆成为可能。这些细胞帮助我们按时间顺序形成清晰的记忆。随着记忆的形成，这些时间单元在记忆上打上了印记。后来，该印记帮助我们重新叙述事件和经历的确切顺序）和第三段的The participants were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.Then they were asked to recall the words.During this time，the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells.They found that specific cells fired signals during each sequence of words."The time cells that we found are marking out discreet（不显眼的）segments（片段）of time（在大约30秒的时间里，参与者在电脑屏幕上看到12到15个单词的序列。然后他们被要求回忆这些单词。在此期间，科学家们观察了不同脑细胞的活动。他们发现，特定的细胞在每个单词序列中都会发出信号。"我们发现的时间细胞正在谨慎地标记不显眼的片段……"）推知，科学家们实验的目的是为了弄清楚脑细胞是如何按时间顺序记住一系列事件的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的Such studies will help scientists develop better medical interventions for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease，the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.（这些研究将帮助科学家为阿尔茨海默病患者制定更好的医疗干预措施，该病是60%至70%痴呆症的病因）推知，该研究可以应用于确定阿尔茨海默病的病因，以便开发相应药物进行治疗。A．Finding the true cause of dementia.寻找痴呆症的真正原因；B．Discovering time cells in creatures.发现生物中的时间细胞；C．Finding ways to cure memory disorders.寻找治愈记忆障碍的方法；D．Deciding the reason for Alzheimer's disease.确定老年痴呆症的原因。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了情景记忆的形成机制、实验过程及意义。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
   我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

12~14.【答案】D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段If successful，the de-extinction project in Australia could have a favorable impact on the environment.Tasmanian tigers could help bring balance to Australia's remaining forests by hunting and killing animals that are harming the trees.Indeed，something similar happened when wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park in 1995，with deer and plant populations rebalanced as a result.（如果成功，澳大利亚的反灭绝项目将对环境产生有利影响。塔斯马尼亚虎可以通过猎杀伤害树木的动物来帮助维持澳大利亚现存森林的平衡。事实上，1995年黄石公园重新引入狼时，也发生了类似的事情，结果鹿和植物的数量重新平衡）可推知，作者提到"引入黄石公园的狼"是为了提出一个反灭绝的成功例子。A．To test the effect of de-extinction.来测试去灭绝的效果；B．To discuss the importance of de extinction.讨论灭绝的重要性；C．To illustrate the possible effect of de-extinction.来说明灭绝的可能影响；D．To present a successful example of de-extinction.来呈现一个成功的去灭绝的例子。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段The reason for this is that，compared to other efforts，de-extinction is extremely expensive.（这样做的原因是，与其他努力相比，反灭绝是非常昂贵的）可知，反灭绝需要很大的开支。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第四段De-extinction is not a perfect solution，however.For one thing，it won't change the human behaviors that cause animals to become extinct in the first place.If we continue polluting and destroying the environment，animals will continue to die out.The only way we can truly protect them is by changing our habits.Bringing extinct species back to life won't magically make us respect nature more.（然而，反灭绝并不是一个完美的解决方案。首先，它不会改变导致动物灭绝的人类行为。如果我们继续污染和破坏环境，动物将继续灭绝。我们唯一能真正保护它们的方法就是改变我们的习惯。让灭绝的物种起死回生不会神奇地让我们更加尊重自然）以及倒数第二段Also，the money that we spend on de-extinction would probably be better spent on other conservation projects.（此外，我们花在灭绝物种上的钱可能会更好地花在其他保护项目上）以及最后一段The power of science is amazing，but it might be time for us to stop and decide whether de-extinction is something we really want to achieve.With the technology we currently have，the question is no longer "can we？" but "should we？"（科学的力量是惊人的，但我们可能是时候停下来，决定是否我们真的想要实现灭绝。凭借我们目前拥有的技术，问题不再是"我们能不能？"而是"我们应该这样做吗？"）可推知，作者对反灭绝的看法是反对。A．Neutral.中立的；B．Opposed.反对的；C．Supportive.支持的；D．Unconcerned.不关心的。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了"反灭绝"技术，可以让使灭绝物种恢复。文章介绍了这项技术的操作方式以及作者对此的看法。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

15~19.【答案】D、C、E、G、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文When sore losers notice that they are lowering in the rankings，they may try to win at all costs.（当输不起的人注意到自己的排名在下降时，他们可能会不惜一切代价争取胜利。）以及后文Therefore，they're prepared to do anything in their power to avoid them even if that involves immoral behaviours.（因此，他们准备尽其所能避免他们，即使这涉及不道德的行为。）可知，后文提到了输不起的人想要避免一些东西，本句承接上文说明他们争取胜利的原因，D选项some unwanted negative feelings对应后文them。故D．This is because the loss will bring about some unwanted negative feelings.（这是因为失去会带来一些不想要的负面情绪。）符合语境，故选D。
（2）段落主题题。根据后文They constantly calculate their unlikelihood of a win in the competitions.And when the risk of losing is very high，they will immediately withdraw from the game.That's because quitting is the last way to ensure losing doesn't happen.（他们不断计算自己在比赛中获胜的可能性。当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏。那是因为放弃是确保不会失败的最后一种方法。）后文提到"当失败的风险非常高时，他们会立即退出游戏"，即在确定结果之前就放弃。故C．Giving up before the results are finalized is another sign of sore losers.（在结果确定之前放弃是输不起的人的另一个表现。）符合语境，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据上文Perhaps the biggest revealing of sore losers is their attitude.（也许最能揭示输不起的人的是他们的态度。）以及后文This can be linked back to evolutionary benefits，as channeling this frustration helped our ancestors succeed.After losing a hunt，for example，these feelings made them try harder until they were successful.（这可以追溯到进化的好处，因为引导这种挫折帮助我们的祖先成功。例如，在一次狩猎失败后，这些感觉会让他们更加努力，直到成功。）可知，本句主要关于输不起的人对待失败的态度，故E．For many people，controlling anger is impossible as their loss is announced.（对许多人来说，当他们的损失被宣布时，控制愤怒是不可能的。）符合语境，故选E。
（4）联系下文题。根据下文Winning feels essential now，but how will the result affect you tomorrow？Chances are，it-won't be as significant then.（现在赢感觉很重要，但结果对你明天有什么影响？很有可能，到那时它就不会那么重要了。）可知，后文提到了考虑输赢对未来的影响，故G．Another way is to consider the consequences of winning or losing in your future.（另一种方法是考虑你未来输赢的后果。）符合语境，故选G。
（5）联系上文题。根据上文Winning feels essential now，but how will the result affect you tomorrow？Chances are，it-won't be as significant then.（现在赢感觉很重要，但结果对你明天有什么影响？很有可能，到那时它就不会那么重要了。）可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文进一步说明上文方法的作用。故A．These thought processes can help you to gain insight.（这些思维过程可以帮助你获得洞察力。）符合语境，故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了输不起的人的特点以及解决方法。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

20~29.【答案】B、C、A、D、A、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.accept接受；B.play播放；C.choose选择；D.change改变。句意：在广播中，我通常会宣布是谁推荐了这首歌，然后在午餐时间播放给大家听。根据后文"it for everyone to hear during lunch time"中it指代歌曲，故指播放歌曲，应用动词play。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.absent缺席的；B.anxious焦急的；C.tough艰难的，棘手的；D.quiet安静的。句意：我为每个人提供了一个通过音乐来分享自己的机会，包括我的一个棘手的学生。根据后文"gets into fights with the other students，doesn't study，and brings down the energy of the class"可知这个学生不听话，很棘手。故选C。
（3）考查副词及语境理解。A.constantly持续地；B.finally最后；C.carefully仔细地；D.obviously显然。句意：这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。根据后文"gets into fights with the other students，doesn't study，and brings down the energy of the class"指这个学生经常和其他学生打架，不学习，使班级的活力下降。故选A。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate合作；B.agree同意；C.argue争论；D.connect连接。句意：不过我知道他只是需要一个朋友，或者至少是一个他可以交流的人。根据上文"I knew though that he just needed a friend，or at least someone he could"可知，男孩需要一个朋友，一个可以联系交流的人。故选D。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.think of想起；B.listen to听；C.talk about谈论；D.hand out分发。句意：我告诉他想一首他喜欢的歌，里面有一些英语单词，我会在广播里放给他听。根据后文"a song he likes that has some English words in it"指作者让男生想一起喜欢的歌。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.gathered聚集；B.contributed贡献；C.remembered记得；D.wrote写。句意：我真的很喜欢这首歌，所以我把它放在广播中，并确保宣布他的名字，所以每个人都知道，他贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。根据后文"and recommended such a great song"指男生贡献和推荐这样一首好歌曲。故选B。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.interested感兴趣的；B.confused困惑的；C.astonished吃惊的；D.excited激动的。句意：不用说，男孩很兴奋，从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。根据后文"and he's been much happier and focused in English class ever since"可知，作者的做法让男孩很激动，因此从那以后，他在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.acknowledged承认；B.persuaded说服；C.entertained娱乐；D.impressed使印象深刻。句意：当每个人都误解他，把他推开的时候，我看透了他，知道他只是需要一个承认他的人。根据上文"I saw him right through and knew that he just needed someone who"可知，当每个人都误解他，把他推开的时候，作者看透了他，知道他只是需要一个承认他的人。故选A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.trap陷阱；B.boundary边界；C.barrier障碍；D.disorder混乱。句意：我们之间仍然有语言障碍，但不需要言语，因为你总能感觉到你和某人在哪里。根据后文"but words aren't needed"可知，but表示转折，说明仍然存在语言障碍，但不需要言语。故选C。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.word单词；B.chance机会；C.gift礼物；D.game游戏。句意："我给了他一个机会，"我说，"只是通过一首歌。"呼应第一段中"I offer everyone an opportunity to share themselves（我给每个人一个分享自己的机会）"指给了男孩一个机会。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过播放一个调皮男孩推荐的歌曲，给了一个承认他的机会，男孩也因此在英语课上变得更快乐、更专注了。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

30.【答案】【小题1】sticking
【小题2】but
【小题3】is supposed
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里，被无休止的新闻循环所束缚。空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语I和stick to之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填sticking。
（2）考查并列连词。句意：我的身体在度假，但我的大脑却没有。结合句意可知是，上下文是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
（3）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：假期应该能帮助你重新调整大脑，使其更有效率。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，be supposed to"应该做某事"是固定短语，主语是第三人称单数，be用is。故填is supposed。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者决定吸取去年旅行的教训，今年旅行时不带笔记本电脑，充分放松自己。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

31.【答案】【小题1】worse
【小题2】Apparently
【小题3】which
【解析】（1）考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。结合句意和much可知，此处用形容词比较级作表语。故填worse。
（2）考查副词。句意：显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。修饰句子应用副词apparently，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Apparently。
（3）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。指代上文句子内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用which引导。故填which。
这是一篇说明文。尽管社会发展迅速，人们普遍认识到大城市的生活质量越来越差。解决这一问题的正确方法是开发综合功能区。例如，混合用途区域可能包含办公室和企业、公寓和娱乐设施。显然，它们吸引了想在同一地区生活和工作的人。因此，人们花更少的时间开车去工作和娱乐，这反过来又减少了污染，并可能改善人们的福祉。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

32.【答案】【小题1】consists
【小题2】have influenced
【小题3】for
【小题4】shared
【解析】（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Traditional Chinese tea-making，谓语用三单形式。故填consists。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。根据后文since ancient times可知应用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have influenced。
（3）考查介词。句意：几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。后跟一段时间，表示"几千年来"应用介词for。故填for。
（4）考查形容词。句意：它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。修饰名词treasure应用形容词shared，作定语。故填shared。
这是一篇说明文。传统的中国制茶包括茶园的管理、茶叶的采摘、茶叶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践。与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。几千年来，茶一直为世界所喜爱和着迷。它们终于得到了全球最高级别的认可，成为人类共同的文化瑰宝。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

33.【答案】【小题1】They are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die.
【小题2】More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset those effects.
【小题3】Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.
【小题4】We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible，because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的关键句Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die.（几项研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。）可知久坐的人可能更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。故答案为They are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第五段的内容Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset （抵消） those effects.（专家表示，需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响。）可知目前关于久坐的研究的下一步是需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响。故答案为More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset those effects。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段的内容Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.（即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。）可知，在下列陈述中，每天做一次运动就足以摆脱久坐的影响这个说法是错误的，因为即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。故答案为Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful。
（4）开放问答题。由本文最后一段的内容"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits，" Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they are in the office，they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible，" she said.（"人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼有很多好处，"埃克布洛姆-巴克说。"但当他们在办公室时，他们应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，"她说。）可推知，我们不要长时间地坐在某个地方不动，应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，因为久坐对我们的身体有很大的危害。故答案为We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible，because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡，久坐对我们的身体有着很大的伤害。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

34.【答案】Dear Jim，
Knowing that you are very interested in China's intangible cultural heritage，I'm writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me.【高分句型一】（发出邀请）
This exhibition mainly displays some of China's intangible cultural heritages，including Chinese calligraphy，Chinese paper-cutting，Chinese seal cutting and so on，which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance.【高分句型一】Visiting this exhibition can give you a deeper understanding of China's intangible cultural heritage.You must be amazed at the depth of Chinese culture.（介绍活动）
Would you like to come？I'm looking forward to meeting you at the exhibition.（期待接受邀请）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Knowing that you are very interested in China's intangible cultural heritage，I'm writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me.
翻译：知道你对中国非物质文化遗产很感兴趣，我写信邀请你和我一起参加一个在中国国家博物馆举行的中国非物质文化遗产展览。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：This exhibition mainly displays some of China's intangible cultural heritages，including Chinese calligraphy，Chinese paper-cutting，Chinese seal cutting and so on，which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance.
翻译：这个展览主要陈列一些中国的非物质文化遗产，包括中国书法，中国剪纸，中国篆刻等等，这些会让你看到这些珍贵遗产的现状和它们的重要性。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。