语法专题一 冠词-中考语法一点通

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语法专题一、冠词（必考）考点1 不定冠词 a/an（1）泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。（2）在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。“每一”，“一个”（3）用在形容词最高级前，表示“非常；很”等，不强调比较。此用法比较特殊。形容词最高级前更常见的是用定冠词the，表示“最”，有比较。例如：        This is a most beautiful park. 这是一个非常漂亮的公园。        I have been to many parks. This is the most beautiful one.我去过很多公园。这是最漂亮的一个。（4）用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。强调数量上的增加。表泛指。此用法比较特殊。序数词前更常见的是用定冠词the，表顺序，特指“第几”。例如：        Chinese couple are allowed to have __a__ third child.中国夫妻允许生三胎。        Mr Smith has three children. Helen is the third one.史密斯先生有三个孩子。海伦是第三个。（5）某些固定词组前用不定冠词。例如：have a good time, in a hurry, have a rest, for a while, take a walk, have a cold（6）特别注意：a / an 的区别a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。注意用a还是an，看的是后面单词发音的第一个音素，而不是看单词第一个字母是否元音字母。如 a book , an orange , an egg, an artist, an important visit，an African/ Asian country注意： ① u发音为 / ju:/ 时，单词前用a . 如： a usual boy； a university；    a useful book； 注意另外两个特殊词: a one-leg table ; a European country    u发音为元音时，单词前用an.如： an unusual monkey, an umbrella, ② 常见辅音字母不发音的单词有：an honest boy； an hour③ 单独字母前的用an记忆口诀： “Mr. Li has one fox.”        There is an “f” and an “o” in the word “frog”.在frog这个单词里面，有一个f和一个o。        My uncle bought me an Mp4 on my birthday.我叔叔在我生日给我买了一个Mp4.My aunt is ______ English teacher. She teaches in ______university.a; a         B. an; an           C. an; a        D. a; anEnglish is ______ useful subject, and I study English for ______ hour every day.A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an考点2 定冠词 the 基本用法例句(1) 用来表示特指的或指双方都知道的人或事The man over there is John's uncle.(2) 表示上文中提到过的人或者事There is an English book on the desk. The book is Li Lei's.(3) 用在世界上独一无二的名词前The sun is bigger than the earth.(the moon)(4)用在与普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall,the Summer Palace, the Luvre Museum(5) 用在方位名词前in the east / west / south / north，on the left / right(6) 用在形容词最高级、序数词前面This is the highest building in this city.(7) play+乐器 “演奏乐器”短语中，用在(西洋)乐器名词前My sister can play the piano and the violin.(8) 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇The Smiths are watching TV.(9) the和部分形容词连用，表示一类人The old should be looked after.(young, sick, rich, poor)(10)用在江河湖海及山脉等地理名词前The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.(11) 用在某些固定词组中in the morning / evening / afternoon，  in the daytime，  in the end，  at the same time， by the way，  at the age of， at the beginning of，  in the middle of，  at the moment, go to the cinema[助记口诀] “独 指 方、高 乐 序、惯 家 形”I have _______ European pen friend, and he likes playing _______ guitar.A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the—Who’s ______ man under the tree?—He's my uncle, ______ actor.A. a; the B. a; an C. the; the D. the; an 考点3 零冠词（不用冠词） 基本用法例句(1) 在专有名词(国名、城市名、人名、 路名)或者称呼、头衔前不用冠词Beijing is a beautiful city.(2) 在季节、月份、星期、日期、节日前不用冠词In summer / on Monday / in 1995(3)在球类运动、棋类和学科名词前不用冠词Mr Zhang likes playing football and chess.(4)三餐饭前不用冠词have breakfast / lunch / supper/ dinner(5) 名词前有“this， that， those， these， my， your， some ”等其他限定词修饰时不用冠词This is my best friend.(6) 用在某些固定词组中 at home，watch TV， listen to music，  on foot， in bed， in hospital， at first，in trouble， in public，by bus，at noon，at night, go to school注意：1.中国的传统节日前一般加“the”： the Spring Festival 春节、the Lantern Festival元宵节、the Dragon Boat Festival端午节、the Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节.西方节日前用零冠词：Christmas圣诞节, Thanksgiving感恩节, Halloween万圣节2.具体某年的季节前一般加“the”：in the winter of 2009 3.但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时，可以用冠词，如：have a nice breakfast 4.by+交通工具；take+冠词/物主代词+交通工具5.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别：（1）go to school 去上学（是学生）---go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）（2）go to bed 上床睡觉---go to the bed 走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）（3） in hospital 因病住院---in the hospital 在医院里（不一定是病人）（4）at table 吃饭---at the table 在桌子旁边（5）at school 在上学---at the school 在学校里（6） in class 在上课---in the class 在班级里（7） in future 今后---in the future 将来（8）in front of 在（……外部的）前面---in the front of 在（……内部的）前面（9）next year 明年（一般将来时）---the next year 第二年（一般过去时）（10）by sea 乘船---by the sea 在海边（11） in bed （睡、病、躺）在床上---in the bed （某物）在床上（12） on earth 究竟---on the earth 在地球上—Does your teacher go to work by ______ car every day?—No. He usually takes ______ bus.A. /；/ B. /; the C. a; the D. the; a中考语法—冠词专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）There is ______ uniform on the sofa, and ______ uniform is for you.A. a; / B. an; / C. an; the D. a; theAngel loves life and keeping ______.A. an diary B. a diaries C. a diary D. diaryThis is ______ “h” and that is ______ “u”A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an;an— Sally is ______ middle school student. How about her brother?— He is ______ English teacher.A. a；an B. an；a C. a；a D. an；anI have _______ European pen friend, and he likes playing _______ guitar.A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the________ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project. A. What B. How a C. How D. What aMy cousin Betty is_____football fan.A. / B. an C. the D. aEnglish is ______ useful subject, and I study English for ______ hour every day.A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; anI have_____uncle and _____aunt. A. a, a        B. an, an            C. a, an            D. an, aShe is ______ famous singer in China and has many fans.A. the         B. a                 C. an               D. /—What's            matter with the old man?—He doesn't feel well. He has             high fever.A. /; the B. /; a C. the; the D. the; aI got a dog yesterday as a birthday gift.  _____ dog is very cute and I like it. A. The            B. /                C. A                D. An—Look at ______ boy over there. He looks excited.—Yeah, he has won ______ first prize in the school English Reading & Writing Competition.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a—Who’s ______ man under the tree?—He's my uncle, ______ actor.A. a; the B. a; an C. the; the D. the; an—Does your teacher go to work by ______ car every day?—No. He usually takes ______ bus.A. /；/ B. /; the C. a; the D. the; aLao She is ______ great writer. He's especially famous for ______ play Teahouse.A. an；the B. a；the C. an；a D. a；an--Do you know________girl with long curly hair？--Yes. She is Helen, my cousin.A. a B. an C. the D. /—What ______ bad weather it is today!—Yes, _______ weather makes me so sad.A. a; a B. /; the C. a; the D. the; a1 like playing             chess but my brother likes playing ________ piano.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /-There will be______8-day art exhibition in Xiamen next month.
-Wow！ It must be _____ most unusual exhibition.A. a；a           B. an；the           C. the；a          D. a; /—What did you do last night, Bob?—First I did my homework, and then I played ________ piano for half ________ hour.A. the; a B. /; an C. the; an D. a; theNanjing, ______ capital of Jiangsu, is ______ old city with ______ long history in China.A. a; an; / B. a; the; a C. the; an; a D. the; the; /His sister is _______ office worker. She works in _______ office over there.A. an; an B. the; the C. an; the D. the; an—Lily is coming by____ plane tomorrow.—Let’s go to ________ airport to meet her.A. a; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the—How was ______ dinner at Mike's house?—It was great. Mike's mum is ______ wonderful cook.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an—Who is ______ man in front of the post office?—The one with ______ umbrella? He is our English teacher.A. the；a B. the；an C. a；an D. a；theMy brother often plays ________ football with his classmates after school.A. a B. an C. / D. theThis is ______ my pen. I’m writing with _____ pen.A. the, / B. /，the C. a,an D. an, /—Shall we play _______ basketball this afternoon？—Good idea! Do you have______ basketball？A. the；a B. a；a C. /； / D. /；aAll the students agreed to go to Qingdao by ______ sea and camp by ______ sea.A. the; a B. 不填; the C. 不填; an D. a; the---Would you please not speak so loudly in _______ public?---Sorry. I will remember to speak in______ lower voice.A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /--- My son seldom has ______ breakfast.--- It is _______ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.  A. /; an B. the; an C. /; a D. the; aMary eats _______dinner at 7:30 in the evening.A. a B. an C. the D. /—Why are you in ________ hurry?—My classmates are playing ________ tennis. I want to cheer them.A. a; / B. an; / C. the; the D. /; the______ new study says that going to ______ bed late is harmful to our health.A. /, / B. A, / C. A; the D. The; theThe spaceship has traveled in ___ space. Scientists want to discover life in____universe.A. a, a                 B. the, the                  C. \, the           D. an, anMr Wang, as_____ elderly man, took part in the Special Games, and finished ______ second in the race.A. a; the B. an; / C. an ; a D. /; theI go to ________ work after ________ breakfast every day.A. /; the B. the; the C. the; a D. / ; /I gave her ________ useful advice, but she thought it was ________ useless answer.A. /；an B. an；an C. an；a D. /；aWhat ______ terrible news! I can’t stop crying after hearing it.A. a             B. an             C. /                D. the—Is it                     orange?—No, it isn't. It's red.A. a B. an C. the D. /I usually have ______ breakfast at 7 o'clock, and I had ______ big breakfast this morning.A. /，a B. a, a C. /，the D. a, theLinda likes ______ apples, and she has ______ apple every day.A. the; a B. /; a C. the; an D. /; an—We had ______ unusual trip in South Korea by ______ ship.—Excellent!A. an; / B. a; / C. an; the D. a; theAre you good at playing ________ guitar (吉他) or ________ basketball?A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /——What color is that pen?——It’s ________ green. It’s ________ green pen.A. a; a B. the; a C. /; / D. /; aToday is ______ first day of this term so my daughter can have ______ breakfast at school.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; / D. /; theMany people gave away much money to ________ homeless after the earthquake.A. the B. a C. an D. /— Do you know how to spell ______ word "umbrella"？ — Yes. It begins with_____ "u".A. the；a B. the；an C. a；a D. the；theAs an old saying goes, "He who has never been to _______Great Wall is not a true man.”A. a B. an C. the D. /