精品解析：广东省梅州市兴宁市下堡中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省梅州市兴宁市下堡中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版），共23页。

2021-2022学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高二
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、试室号、座位号、考号等信息在答题卡上填写清楚。
2．选择题答案用2B铅笔在答题卡上把对应题目的答案标号涂黑，非选择题用黑色签字笔或钢笔在每题对应的答题区域内作答，答在试题卷上无效。
第I卷 听力
I.听力部分 (共二节，每小题1分，满分20分)
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the boy still need to do?
A. Hang up his clothes. B. Put away his toys. C. Sweep the floor.
2 What is the woman doing?
A. Making the bed. B. Fixing the chair. C. Driving to school.
3. Why is the woman sad?
A. She lost her homework.
B. The man deleted her essay.
C. She forgot to send some emails.
4. What does the man want to know?
A. What time it is.
B. When his train should leave.
C. Where he can find the boarding hall.
5. Who might Freddy be?
A. The speakers’ son. B. The speaker’s pet. C. The speaker’s landlord.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Rusty think the new student is poor?
A. She’s not fashionable.
B. Her jeans have holes in them.
C. Her mother gave her old clothes.
7. What does Sally think of Rusty?
A. He is helpful.
B. He is too curious.
C. He is a little behind the times.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. How did Harriet know the time?
A. From her iPhone. B. From her watch. C. From the sun.
9. What does Don think about Harriet’s explanation?
A. It’s wrong. B. It’s funny. C. It’s too scientific.
10. Where might the conversation be taking place?
A. In a field. B. In a classroom. C. At a computer lab.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. How Alexa killed her plants.
B. Where Alexa planted her plants.
C. Why Alexa kept her house green.
12. What did Alexa do with her yellow plant?
A. She put it in the sunlight.
B. She returned it to the shop.
C. She gave it too much water.
13. What does the man suggest Alexa do?
A. Find out more about plants online.
B. Move all her plants out of the sun.
C. Throw all her plants away.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Why doesn’t Sue have the cake?
A. She dislikes it.
B. She’s trying to lose weight.
C. She’s trying to control a medical problem.
15. What did Jill bring to the party?
A. Salads. B. Sandwiches. C. Soup.
16. Where will Sue probably go next?
A. To the restaurant. B. To the backyard. C. Into the house.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the main purpose of the loud noises?
A. To warn people outdoors to get inside.
B. To get people’s attention inside their homes.
C. To inform people without radios about danger.
18. Who decides to turn on the system?
A. Local media. B. Local officials. C. The national weather service.
19. Where should people go when they hear a warning?
A. To a window. B. To a public shelter. C. To the middle of a building.
20. What is the main topic of the talk?
A. A weather report. B. A warning system. C. The safety steps in bad weather.
第II卷 笔试
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend on new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale．
There are labels(标签) inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes．The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water．A sweater label may tell you to wash in cold water．The label on a coat may say“dry clean only”, for washing may ruin this coat．If you do as the directions (说明)on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best for a long time．
Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned．You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed．
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times．Clothes that cost more money are not necessarily(不一定) better made. They do not always fit better. Sometimes less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes．
1. If you want to save money, you had better buy clothes that __ ．
A. Don’t fit you B. Don’t last long
C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed
2. The labels inside the clothes tell you______．
A. how to keep them looking their best B. how to save money
C. whether they fit you or not D. where to get them dry cleaned
3. The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is __ ．
A. to look for well-made clothes B. to see how much money you can spend on it
C. to know how to wash them D. to read the labels inside them
4. We learn from the passage that cheaper clothes __ ．
A. are always worse made B. must be dry cleaned
C. can not be washed D. can sometimes fit you better
5. The best title for the passage should be __ ．
A. Buy Less Expensive Clothes B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了在购买衣服时要仔细看标签，注意洗涤和保存等方面的注意事项以及究竟是购买昂贵的衣服还是便宜的衣服等要注意的方面。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.”（如果你买可以洗的衣服，你会省钱的）可知，如果你想省钱，你最好买能洗的衣服。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“There are labels(标签) inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes．”（所有的新衣服里面都有标签。标签告诉你如何保养你的衣服。）可知，衣服里面的标签会告诉你如何让衣服保持最佳状态。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend on new clothes.”（当你想去购物时，决定你可以花多少钱买新衣服。）可知，在买衣服之前，你要做的第一件事就是看看你能花多少钱。故选B项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes．”（有时候便宜的衣服看起来比贵的衣服更合身。）可知，便宜的衣服可能更适合。故选D项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。短文主要介绍了在购买衣服时要仔细看标签，注意洗涤和保存等方面的注意事项以及究竟是购买昂贵的衣服还是便宜的衣服等要注意的方面。所以短文的最佳标题为“做一个聪明的买衣服者”。故选C项。
B
Foreign attacks on U. S. soil
1812-During the War of 1812, British forces (军队) burned the new capital at Washington, D.C. They also attacked Baltimore and New Orleans and captured (占领) Detroit, which at the time was a remote military outpost (前哨基地).
1846-A brief invasion (入侵) by Mexican troops across the Rio Gande began the U. S. - Mexican War in 1846. But the remaining action in that conflict (冲突) occurred in California, New Mexico and in Mexico. California and New Mexico belonged to Mexico at the time.
1916 - Mexican revolutionaries led by Pancho Villa attacked the town of Columbus, N.M., on March 9, 1916．
1941-Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941, killing nearly 2,400 people and forcing America into World War II．
1993-Terrorists (恐怖主义者) blew up a truck bomb in the basement of the World Trade Center in February 1993, killing six people and injuring more than 1,000．
2001 - Terrorists hijacked(劫机) several planes on Sep.11, 2001. Two ploughed into (撞入) New York’s World Trade Center (WTC), toppling the two highest buildings in the city; a third seriously damaged the Pentagon (五角大楼). The fourth hijacked plane crashed in Pennsylvania. Several thousand people were killed in the attacks.
6. During the War of 1812, British forces did the following except that _____.
A. they captured Detroit
B. they attacked Baltimore and New Orleans
C. they attacked the town of Columbus, N.M.
D. they burned the new capital at Washington, D.C.
7. During the September 11th terrorist attacks, _____.
A. terrorists hijacked three planes
B. destroyed the Pentagon completely
C. killed six people and injured more than 1,000
D. two planes knocked into New York’s World Trade Center
8. The underlined word “toppling” in the last paragraph means _____．
A. reaching the highest point of B. causing to fall
C. knocking into D. building
9. How many foreign attacks mentioned in the passage did the US have?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
【答案】6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要记叙了袭击美国的事件，按时间顺序来记述的。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“British forces (军队) burned the new capital at Washington, D.C. They also attacked Baltimore and New Orleans and captured (占领) Detroit, which at the time was a remote military outpost (前哨基地).(英国军队在华盛顿特区烧毁了新首都，他们还袭击了巴尔的摩和新奥尔良，并占领了底特律，当时底特律是一个偏远的军事前哨。)”可知，英国军队占领了新首都华盛顿；袭击了巴尔的摩和新奥尔良，占领了Detroit，而A、B、D都包含在里面。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段“2001 - Terrorists hijacked(劫机) several planes on Sep.11, 2001. Two ploughed into (撞入) New York’s World Trade Center (WTC), toppling the two highest buildings in the city; a third seriously damaged the Pentagon (五角大楼).(2001年的今天，恐怖分子在2001年9月11日劫持了几架飞机。两架撞进了纽约世界贸易中心(WTC)，推倒了这座城市最高的两座建筑;第三次袭击严重破坏了五角大楼。)”可知，在911恐怖袭击中，五角大楼被彻底摧毁。故选B。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第六段“Two ploughed into (撞入) New York’s World Trade Center (WTC)(其中两架撞入纽约世贸中心(WTC))”和下文“a third seriously damaged the Pentagon (五角大楼).(第三架严重损坏了五角大楼。)”可知，划线词所在句子意思是：推倒了这座城市最高的两座建筑。toppling应该是使两个最高建筑毁坏，使下降。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。文章中正文开始每一段都记叙了一个恐怖袭击事件。总共六段，也就说六个恐怖袭击事件。故选B。
C
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady that her friends thought they must copy everything she did, they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess（公爵夫人）found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o'clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born .
10. This passage mainly discusses .
A. the history of tea drinking in Britain
B. how tea became a popular drink in Britain
C. how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea
D. how tea-time was born
11. Tea became a popular drink in Britain .
A in the sixteenth century
B. in the seventeenth century
C. in the eighteenth century
D. in the late seventeenth century
12. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of .
A. a famous French lady
B. the ancient Chinese
C. the upper(上层的) social class
D. people in Holland
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了英国茶的历史。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.”（英国人发现茶是什么样子要慢得多，主要是因为茶非常昂贵。商店里买不到它，即使是那些买得起从荷兰寄来的人，也只是因为它是一件时髦的珍品。） 及整篇文章看出，文章主要介绍英国茶的历史。选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.”可知，直到17世纪初东印度公司的船只开始从中国直接运来茶叶之前，英国的茶叶一直很稀少，价格也非常昂贵。从而可以推断出，茶是在17世纪在英国流行的。故选B。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.”（ 因为她是这样一位伟大的女性，她的朋友认为他们必须复制她所做的一切，所以他们还喝了他们加牛奶的茶。）由此推断出，从文章中我们可以推断，英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受上层社会的影响。故选C项。
D
Can you touch your belly button (肚脐) by reaching behind your back and around your waist?
A new social trend has started in China, with thousands of netizens facing the challenge and uploading photographs of themselves to show off their bodies. Popular among many young female users on Weibo, the top, which translate as “reaching your belly button from behind to show your good figure,” was mentioned more than130 million times among Weibo users.
It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also led to concern about what means a healthy body image. “Look! It has taken me more than four hours but I’ve finally reached my belly button,” said Weibo user GayleRabbit. Another user Lucky said, “Why does my belly button suddenly look and feel completely new?”
While the trend was popular with many female users on Weibo, a photo uploaded by a male blogger caught people’s eye. “Is this pose (姿势) really that difficult? I don’t think so,” Said Weibo user Sough Sa. His photo showing he was trying to touch his belly button was shared more than 8,452 times. It also drew over 2,000 comments from other users on Weibo. “Show the skinny girls how it’s done,” said one user.
Weibo user MedicalCream Tang Zhao said, “Now you did it! So you don’t have to lose weight and please stay the same.”
“I always support failures. Now I don’t feel so bad about not being able to touch my belly button,” said another user Jacket.
“Do we need to have flexible arms or a skinny waist to pull this off?” asked Weibo user Chantilly623.
But some experts argued that China’s new belly button trend was actually distorting (歪曲) society’s standards of beauty. “These poses and pictures can be fun but sometimes they also become an expression of competitiveness,” said Jolene Tan, Programmes and Communications Senior Manager in Singapore championing women’s rights. She also told the BBC that the trend seemed to be a way of examining women’s bodies to see whether they are good enough. However, experienced body trainers say the new trend is about flexibility of the arm and the size of the waist, rather than a good figure. A skinny person with fewer muscles has a better chance of achieving the pose.
13. The underlined word “spawned” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_____________”.
A. brought about B. put off
C. commented on D. resulted from
14. What can we learn from the above passage?
A. Boys show no interest in this new trend.
B. GayleRabbit reached her belly button on her first try.
C. Sough Sa’s photo of reaching his belly button was popular online.
D. Jacket felt sorry for not being able to touch his belly button.
15. What is experienced body trainers’ attitude towards the new trend meaning a good figure?
A. Disbelieving. B. Uncaring.
C. Doubtful. D. Worried.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了实现从背后触摸到自己的肚脐眼的这一个现象，以及健康运动家认为这个并不能证明体型瘦以及完美。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“but also led to concern about what means a healthy body image. (但也引发了人们对什么是健康身体形象的担忧)”以及短语not only...but also...连接并列结构可知，划线词和led to意思相近，即“导致”，与result from同义。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“His photo showing he was trying to touch his belly button was shared more than 8,452 times. It also drew over 2,000 comments from other users on Weibo. (他试图触摸肚脐的照片被分享了8452多次。它还吸引了来自微博上其他用户的2000多条评论)”可知，Sough Sa那张反手摸肚脐眼的照片在网上红了起来，故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, experienced body trainers say the new trend is about flexibility of the arm and the size of the waist, rather than a good figure(然而，经验丰富的健身教练表示，新趋势是手臂的灵活性和腰围，而不是好身材)”推知，他们是不相信这个可以证明体型瘦这个说法的，故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
___16___? I am sure that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used. Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice-skate backwards with the help of these tips.
Stand straight
The first thing that you need to do is : stand straight.___17___, if you feel that you are falling backwards. Don’t worry; this happens to all.
Confidence is what you need
The most important step while learning how to skate backwards is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice. One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance, then scissor（做剪式运动）your skates.___18___.
Maintain/Keep speed
Try sculling（滑）with one skate while rolling in a straight line with the other. That is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke（滑动）, Now bring the skate which you are using to scull, and then again, repeat the same process. Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling. Now, try the same thing using the other foot.
___19___
Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed. Try some of your own tricks now. Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.
Scull and be aware
While you keep one foot straight, keep sculling with the other. You can do that with both feet at the same time.___20___, but don’t get so involved that you don’t see where you are going. If you are not watching your back, you might just bang against something or someone.
A. Don't you just love ice skating every winter
B. While going backwards, just get used to the feeling of moving backwards
C. Keep practicing this till you are confident about it
D. Increase your speed now
E. One must be brave enough to learn to ice-skate backwards
F. Concentrate on what you are doing.
G. Just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要向我们讲述了一些关于怎样倒着滑冰的提示。
【16题详解】
根据下文“I am sure that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used.（我确定冬天要来了，你的溜冰鞋就要拿出来等着被用了。）”可知，本段讲述冬天里要滑冰的事，A项中的winter与后面的winter is approaching相呼应，且A “Don't you just love ice skating every winter（你不是每个冬天都喜欢溜冰吗）”对应了空格后的问号，故选A。
【17题详解】
上文“The first thing that you need to do is : stand straight.（你要做的第一件事是：站直）”，可知，本段介绍的要领是站直身体。下文“if you feel that you are falling backwards（当感觉身体向后倒时） ”，这个时候应该要站直身体，G项“Just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees（要抬头屈膝）”，这样才能保持身体直立，故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“The most important step while learning how to skate backwards is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice.（练习倒滑时最重要的是对自己有信心，对你正在做的事有信心。那么怎样做到有信心呢？通过练习。） ”可知，要通过大量的练习才能达到对倒滑有信心。选项C中的Keep practicing 以及confident与上文对应，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed.（当自信自己能够用任何一只脚滑行时，接着就要加快速度了。）”可知，这部分重点讲加速，选项D“increase your speed now(提升速度)”，符合文意，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据下文“but don’t get so involved that you don’t see where you are going. （但是不要太专注，以至于你看不到你要滑去的地方）”。but出现，说明此句和空格句句意是转折关系，but后说不要太专注，可知空格处应是滑冰时，要专注做的事。这样才对应了空格后的句意，选项F“Concentrate on what you are doing.（专注于你正在做的事）”符合文意，故选F。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____21____ at work in people of all ____22____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ____23____ with their new toys. But their ____24____ soon wears off and by January those ____25____ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of ____26____ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument(纪念碑) to someone’s ____27____ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child ____28____ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the ____29____ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents(青少年) enter high school with great ____30____ but are soon looking forward to ____31____. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many ____32____, who now complain about the long drives to work, ____33____ drove for hours at a time when they first ____34____ their driver’s licenses? Before people retire, they usually ____35____ to do a lot of ____36____ things, which they never had ____37____ to do while working. But ____38____ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes(消遣) become as boring as the jobs they ____39____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new ____40____.
21. A. habit B. principle C. way D. power
22. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
23. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
24. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
25. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive
26. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. half-filled D. newly-collected
27. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main
28. A. silently B. impatiently C. worriedly D. gladly
29. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game
30. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
31. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success
32. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
33. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely
34. A. required B. gained C. noticed D. discovered
35. A. need B. learn C. plan D. start
36. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct
37. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge
38. A. only B. well C. even D. soon
39. A. lost B. chose C. left D. began
40. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我们日常生活必须做的事情时，无论是哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。接下来具体说明了从小孩子、到青少年、再到成年人、到老人都会有这种情况出现。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们可以看到这个原则在所有年龄段的人身上都起作用。A. habit习惯；B. principle原则；C. way方式；D. power力量。根据前文“As a general rule，all forms of activities lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis.”可知，此处指的是前文所说的“原则”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们可以看到这个原则在所有年龄段的人身上都起作用。A. parties宴会；B. races比赛；C. countries国家；D. ages年龄。根据后文所举的例子，从children（孩子）到adolescents（青少年），从the young adults（年轻的成年人）到after retirement（退休后），可知，此处指所有年龄段的人。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩着他们的新玩具。A. working工作；B. living居住；C. playing玩耍；D. going离开。根据后文“with their new toys”指玩新玩具，故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他们的兴趣很快就消失了，到了一月份，同样的玩具就可以被放在地下室里了。A. confidence信心；B. interest兴趣，利息；C. anxiety焦虑；D. sorrow惋惜。根据前文“children are excited about playing with their new toys”以及But转折的语义可知，孩子们的兴趣很快就消失了。另根据后文“The world is full of ___4___ stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument(纪念碑) to someone's ___5___ interest.”可以验证，此处指孩子们的兴趣很快消失。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他们的兴趣很快就消失了，到了一月份，那些同样的玩具就会被放在地下室里。A. same相同的；B. extra额外的；C. funny好玩的；D. expensive贵的。the same同一个的，说明还没持续几天兴趣就没了。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界上到处都是装满一半的邮集和未完成的模型，每一个都像一座纪念碑一样纪念着某个人短暂的兴趣。A. well-organized组织很好的；B. colorfully-printed彩色印刷的；C. half-filled装满一半的；D. newly-collected新收集的。基于前文的分析可知，孩子们开始时的兴趣很快就消失了，结合后文“unfinished models”可知，此处指未完成的，即装满一半的邮集。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界上到处都是装满一半的邮集和未完成的模型，每一个都像一座纪念碑一样纪念着某个人短暂的兴趣。A. broad宽的；B. passing短暂的；C. different不同的；D. main主要的。根据上文“and unfinished models”可知，装满一半的邮集和未完成的模型，每一个都像一座纪念碑一样纪念着某个人短暂的兴趣。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当父母把宠物带回家时，他们的孩子很高兴地给它洗澡和刷毛。A. silently沉默地；B. impatiently无耐心的；C. worriedly担心的；D. gladly高兴地。根据上文“When parents bring home a pet”可知，小孩子对宠物很感兴趣，所以当父母把宠物带回家时，他们的孩子很高兴地给它洗澡和刷毛。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在很短的时间内，照顾动物的重担就交给了父母。A. promise承诺；B. burden重担，负担；C. right权力；D. game比赛，游戏。根据句中however转折语义以及后文“caring for the animal is handed over to the parents”可知，孩子的兴趣消失了，不再关心宠物了，所以照顾狗的任务（重担）就交给父母了。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：青少年怀着极大的兴奋进入高中，但很快就盼望着毕业。A. courage勇气；B. calmness平静；C. confusion困惑；D. excitement激动。根据常识可知，一开始进入新环境人们应该是兴奋、激动的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：青少年带着极大的兴奋进入高中，但很快就盼着毕业了。A. graduation毕业；B. independence独立；C. responsibility责任；D. success成功。根据作者所说的规则以及所举事例可知，人们常常是开始的时候兴趣很浓，但不能慎终如始，很快兴趣就消失了，所以此处指青少年进高中时还兴致冲冲，但很快就失去兴趣，盼着早日毕业了。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，有多少成年人，现在抱怨开车长途跋涉去上班，当他们第一次拿到驾照的时候，急切地一口气开了几个小时的车？A. children孩子；B. students学生；C. adults成人；D. retirees退休者。根据前文举例的顺序可知，本文是按照年龄从小到大的顺序讲述的，前面提到的是上大学的年轻人，接着应该是，上班的成年人，（后文有after retirement可排除retirees）。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，有多少成年人，现在抱怨开车长途跋涉去上班，可当他们第一次拿到驾照的时候，还急切地一口气开了几个小时的车？A. carefully小心地；B. eagerly渴望地，急切地，热心地；C. nervously紧张地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据后文“drove for hours at a time”以及结合作者所说的规则和所举事例可知，人们都是开始的时候兴趣很浓，但很快兴趣消失，所以此处是指刚有驾照时，对开车的兴趣正浓，急切地一口气开上几个小时。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，有多少成年人，现在抱怨开车长途跋涉去上班，当他们第一次拿到驾照的时候，急切地一口气开了几个小时的车？A. required要求；B. gained获得；C. noticed注意到；D. discovered发现。根据前文“who now complain about the long drives to work”可知，此处指刚刚“获得”驾照，故急切地一口气车。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人们退休之前，他们通常计划做很多伟大的事情，这些事情是他们在工作时没有时间去做的。A. need需要；B. learn学习；C. plan计划；D. start开始。根据后文“to do a lot of great things”指对未来生活的憧憬应该用plan更合适。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人们退休之前，他们通常会计划做很多伟大（很棒）的事情，而这些事情他们在工作时从来没有时间去做。A. great伟大的，棒的；B. strange奇怪的；C. difficult困难的；D. correct正确的。根据上文可知，人们都是开始的时候兴趣很浓，但很快兴趣消失，所以这里指的是退休前兴致冲冲，计划的事情应该是很棒的。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人们退休之前，他们通常计划做很多伟大的事情，这些事情是他们在工作时没有时间去做的。A. time时间；B. money金钱；C. skills技能；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“to do while working”以及前后文语境可知，等到退休了再去做，应该是以前忙于工作而没有时间做。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读和其他所有的娱乐活动都变得和他们离开的工作一样无聊。A. only仅仅；B. well好；C. even甚至；D. soon不久，很快。根据前文“But their…soon wears off and by January those…toys can be found put away in the basement.”可知，各个年龄段的人都一样，开始时兴趣高涨，但是不久就会消失。故选D项。
39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读和其他所有的娱乐活动都变得和他们离开的工作一样无聊。A. lost丢失；B. chose选择；C. left离开，留下；D. began开始。根据上文“after retirement”可推断，因为此处说的是退休人员，所以应指他们离开的工作。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一月份的孩子一样，他们去寻找新的玩具。A. pets宠物；B. toys玩具；C. friends朋友；D. colleagues同事。根据前文“For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about … with their new toys. But their…soon wears off and by January those…toys can be found put away in the basement.”可知，此处指就像前文举的例子一样，他们去寻找新的玩具去了，也就是新的兴趣去了。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
___41___(exact) when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows. However, ___42___is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
Scientists believe that these first settler___43___(cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America ___44___means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the ___45___(arrive) of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died ___46___the diseases brought by Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans ___47___(live) in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of ___48___we now call the United States. Of ___49___first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was ____50____(teach) the Catholic religion to the natives.
【答案】41. Exactly
42. it 43. crossed
44 by 45. arrival
46. from 47. living
48. what 49. the
50. to teach
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述的加利福尼亚的先人们开发加利福尼亚的历史和发展。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：确切地说，第一批人是什么时候到达我们现在所知的加州的，没有人真正知道。根据空后when引导的状语从句判断应用副词。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Exactly。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，美洲原住民很可能在至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。空后是that引导的主语从句，此处it是形式主语。故填it。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：科学家们认为，这些第一批定居者通过史前时期存在的陆桥越过北极的白令海峡到达美洲。根据空前的the first settlers早期的殖民者判断应用一般过去时，故填crossed。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：科学家们认为，这些第一批定居者通过史前时期存在的陆桥越过北极的白令海峡到达美洲。根据词组by means of通过……的方式，可知。故填by。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：16世纪，欧洲人到来后，当地人民遭受了巨大的苦难。根据空前的the判断应用名词形式作宾语。故填arrival。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：此外，许多人死于欧洲人带来的疾病。根据该句空前的die和空后的the diseases判断，应用from，die from死于。故填from。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，有些人在这些可怕的时期幸存下来，今天，居住在加利福尼亚的印第安人比其他任何州都多。根据空there be句型，此处需要Americans后跟动词的ing形式作后置定语。Americans与live为主动关系。 故填living。
【48题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区以及我们现在称为美国的西北海岸定居下来。根据空后的of宾语从句中缺少call的宾语，应用what引导，故判断填what。
【49题详解】
考查冠词。句意：第一批到加利福尼亚的西班牙人，大多数是信教的人，他们的职责是向当地人传授天主教。根据空后的first判断应该填定冠词。故填the。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第一批到加利福尼亚的西班牙人，大多数是信教的人，他们的职责是向当地人传授天主教。根据空前的was判断，此处的ministry是teach的执行者，且动作在主句的谓语动词后发生，应用不定式。故填to teach。
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在该漏字符号下写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用 \ 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I feel it is pity that you didn’t want to take part in the speech contest. In my view, the speech contest can benefit from you in different ways. Firstly, it makes you look for more informations about your favorite scientists on the Internet or in the library, and learning more about them. Secondly, it is a challenge to prepare for a speech contest. You not only have to write a good article, and also have to perform them properly. What’s more, after the contest, you can find yourself with some newly good friends, or even a prize. I suggest you consider participating in the contest, that will really do good to you. If you change your mind, please let me know as sooner as possible.
【答案】1. pity前加a
2. didn’t→don’t
3. 去掉from
4. informations→information
5. learning→learn
6. and→but
7. them→it
8. newly→new
9. that→which
10. sooner→soon
【解析】
【导语】本文地应用文。文章是作者劝说一个人参加演讲比赛。
【详解】1.考查固定句型。句意：我觉得你不想参加演讲比赛很遗憾。It is a pity that…是固定句型，意思是“遗憾的是……”，根据句意，故pity前加a。
2.考查时态。句意同上。文章主时态是一般现在时，表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，故将didn’t改为 don’t。
3.考查介词。句意：在我看来，演讲比赛可以在很多方面让你受益。benefit是及物动词，接宾语无需介词，故去掉from。
4.考查名词。句意：首先，它让你在网上或图书馆里寻找更多关于你最喜欢的科学家的信息，并更多地了解他们。information是不可数名词，故将informations改为information。
5.考查动词。句意同上。and连接两个并列结构作宾语补足语，make后接不带to不定式作宾语补足语，and之前用得动词原形，and之后也要用动词原形。故将learning改为learn。
6.考查固定用法。句意：你不仅要写一篇好文章，还必须正确地执行它们。not only…but also是固定用法，意思是“不仅……而且”，根据句意，故将and改为but。
7.考查代词。句意同上。指代前面的a speech contest，所以用it指代单数，故将them改为it。
8.考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，比赛结束后，你会发现自己有一些新的好朋友，甚至奖品。修饰名词good friends，用形容词形式new，故将newly改为new。
9.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我建议你考虑参加比赛，那对你真的有好处。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故将that改为which。
10.考查固定用法。句意：如果你改变主意，请尽快让我知道。as soon as possible是固定用法，意思是“尽快”，故将sooner改为soon。
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
52. 书面表达
假定你是李华，你的表兄李东是一名高一年级的学生。他对学好高中英语感到很困惑，希望你给他一些建议。请你给他回复一封电子邮件，提供一些学好英语的建议。要点包括：
1. 邮件已经收到。
2. 课前预习，课上认真，课后复习；
3. 多花时间练习英语。
注意：1. 词数100左右，可适当增加内容，使得文章语篇流畅。
2. 参考词汇：预习 preview
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Xiao Dong,
I have received your letter and known that you are puzzled about English learning in high school. Here are some tips for you.
First of all, you should preview lessons before the English class. And focus on what you are learning in class. Secondly, it is a good idea if you stick to going over the lessons every night, which can help you remember what you have learned well. Last but not least, I suggest that you should spend more time practicing, listening and speaking English as often as possible. For example, you can take part in English activities, and try to imitate tapes’ pronunciation. By doing this, you can build up your courage and express yourself well in English.
I hope you will find these ideas useful. And I wish your great success and progress in learning English.
Yours ,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给李东回复一封电子邮件，就如何学好英语提建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：tip→suggestion
专注于：focus on→concentrate on
参加：take part in→join in
有用的：useful→beneficial
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, you should preview lessons before the English class.
拓展句：First of all, you should preview lessons before you have the English class.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Secondly, it is a good idea if you stick to going over the lessons every night, which can help you remember what you have learned well. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Last but not least, I suggest that you should spend more time practicing, listening and speaking English as often as possible.（运用了that引导的宾语从句作动词suggest的宾语）




第四部分 单词中英互译(共10空;每空1分，满分10分)
汉译英
53. 痊愈，恢复 (v.) _____________
54. 孤独；寂寞 (n.)_____________
55. 目击者，证人(n.) _____________
56. 正式的 (adj.)_____________
57. 猛烈的，暴力的(adj.)_____________
58. 筋疲力尽的 (adj.)_____________
59. 仁慈，好意(n. )_____________
60. 突发情况，紧急情况 (n.)_____________
61. 有责任的；负责的(adj.)_____________
62. 壮观的；辉煌的 (adj.)_____________
【答案】53. recover
54. loneliness
55. witness
56. formal 57. violent
58 exhausted
59. kindness
60. emergency
61. responsible
62. splendid
【解析】
【53题详解】
动词“痊愈，恢复”英文表达为recover，故填recover。
【54题详解】
名词“孤独；寂寞”英文表达为loneliness，故填loneliness。
【55题详解】
名词“目击者，证人”英文表达为witness，故填witness。
【56题详解】
形容词“正式的”英文表达为formal，故填formal。
【57题详解】
形容词“猛烈的，暴力的”英文表达为violent，故填violent。
【58题详解】
形容词“筋疲力尽的”英文表达为exhausted，故填exhausted。
【59题详解】
名词“仁慈，好意”英文表达为kindness，故填kindness。
【60题详解】
名词“突发情况，紧急情况”英文表达为emergency，故填emergency。
【61题详解】
形容词“有责任的；负责的”英文表达为responsible，故填responsible。
【62题详解】
形容词“壮观的；辉煌的”英文表达为splendid，故填splendid。