2022-2023学年江苏省无锡市江阴重点中学高一下学期月考英语试卷（5月份）含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省无锡市江阴重点中学高一下学期月考英语试卷（5月份）含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江苏省无锡市江阴重点中学高一（下）月考英语试卷（5月份）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Joe Clark was a non-traditional high school principal，whose unusual way of carrying out rules became the subject of a 1989 Hollywood movie.He gained national attention for his leadership at Eastside High School in Paterson，New Jersey.
"You are not inferior. " is what Clark would often tell his students，many of whom were African American or Latino.They grew up in a difficult environment and faced violence，drugs and troubled family life which could prevent them from succeeding in school and in life.
Before becoming an educator，Clark served in the U.S.Amy Reserve.His experience might have influenced how he ran his school.He was known to walk around with a bull horn and a baseball bat.In Clark's first days of working，he expelled 300 students for breaking school rules.The students who remained at school believed that higher expectations were being placed on them.They felt more pressure to perform better.
Some praised his efforts at discipline while others criticized his methods.President Ronald Reagan offered Clark a White House policy adviser position after his success at the high school.In 1988，one teacher，said his methods were more like being in a labor camp than a public high school.In 1989，actor Morgan Freeman played Clark in the movie "Lean on Me." That movie was based on Clark's experiences at Eastside. "Joe was a father figure to school kid，" Freeman said. "He was the best of the best in terms of education." Recently，one of Joe Clark's former students，Thomas McEntyre said， "I never really got a chance to…thank him.We are your product.You did not fail us.No matter whether you kicked me out，you did not fail me.You bettered me. "
After he retired from Eastside in 1989，Clark wrote a book called "Laying Down the Law：Joe Clark's Strategy for Saving Our Schools." He described how he managed to turn Eastside High from a failing school into a success.
1. By saying "You are not inferior" to his students，Joe Clark meant to ______ .
A. make the students face the reality
B. lead the students to accept themselves
C. press the students not to make mistakes
D. encourage the students to better themselves
2. What does the underlined word "expelled" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Kicked out. B. Drew out. C. Brought out. D. Smoothed out.
3. Which of the following best describes Joe Clark？ ______
A. Tough and unique. B. Demanding and humorous.
C. Kind and considerate. D. Well-meaning and professional.
B
In 2017，bottled water surpassed carbonated soft drinks to become the most popular beverage in the United States.While there are undeniably health benefits to more Americans choosing water over sugary sodas，the uptick（小幅上升）in bottled water sales and the marketing push for selling pre-packaged water has also contributed to an explosion of disposable container waste.Despite having some of the cleanest municipal water systems in the world，60% of the world's bottled water consumption occurs in the United States，even though Americans only comprise 4.5% of the world's total population.
People justify drinking bottled water for many different reasons.Bottled water in restaurants has become somewhat of a status symbol，especially in fine dining.When I waited tables，I always dreaded asking guests for their water preference.In business settings where tablemates are unfamiliar with each other，no one feels comfortable answering for the group.Guests dining on an expense account—at least in a high-end restaurant—typically "splurge"（挥霍）on bottled water.A waiter wouldn't dare offend a client by ordering tap water.
This results in trash bags filled with hundreds of empty glass bottles every night.In theory，the bottles and their packaging are recyclable，but history shows that，despite our best intentions，many recyclable products end up in landfills anyway.
We can all agree，hopefully，that whenever possible，restaurants should make more responsible choices about how their businesses impact the environment.The world is changing，and restaurants can't always give people what they want anymore.Forgoing（放弃）bottled water is a very small sacrifice for those who prefer it—a drop in the bucket，as they say.
4. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1？ ______
A. People prefer bottled water to soft drinks.
B. Most municipal water systems break down.
C. Drinking bottled water leads to more waste.
D. The population in the United States declines.
5. What might the author be？ ______
A. A critic. B. A restaurant owner.
C. A waiter. D. A social observer.
6. What do people do with the waste bottles？ ______
A. They are thrown into seas.
B. They are buried in landfills.
C. They are recycled in factories.
D. They are transformed into plastics.
7. What is the main idea of the passage？ ______
A. People must be more aware of the environment.
B. Bottled water has become the most popular drink.
C. It's time to take bottled water off restaurant menus.
D. Restaurants should not give people whatever they want.
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit（联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialization,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present,the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400，and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number（中位数） of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction,with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers），Chiapaneco in Mexico（150），Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three） or Wadjigu in Australia（one,with a questionmark）：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
8. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times？ ______
A. They developed very fast B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.
9. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.
10. How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？ ______
A. About 6，800. B. About 3，400. C. About 2，400. D. About 1，200.
11. What is the main idea of the text？ ______
A. New languages will be created.
B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
D
Of all the planets，none has captured the world's imagination like Mars.Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos，the television science series from the 1980s，scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars.Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H.G.Wells' The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell，the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today，Mars continues to excite humans-not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited，landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's "Mars Day" offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars，or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring，Maryland，brought their children，Grace，Sam，Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology from experts.They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites （陨星） known to have come from the red，or reddish planet.Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said，"It's actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown，too."Emma is six.She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said， "The closest thing to Mars-the stuff-is from volcanoes mostly."
"Mars Day" offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
12. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ ______
A. Why Martians were considered threatening.
B. Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C. What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D. How H.G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
13. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that ______ .
A. today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B. today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C. science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D. space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
14. Sam would probably agree that ______ .
A. Mars is not really red
B. no meteorites have come from Mars
C. Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D. the ancient description of Mars' color is true
15. What is the writer's attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars？ ______
A. He thinks it may happen in this year.
B. He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C. He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D. He thinks it may happen in the following decades.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether they are big or small，everyone has dreams.Perhaps you have dreams which you have yet to realize.I certainly do.One reason why dreams never come true is that we don't have a system in place to work towards them.Start working towards your goal today.Here are some steps to help you realize your dream：
★Identify （确认） your dream.
List what your dream would look like. （1） ______ If your dream is to create a new moon，you may be disappointed，but don't be afraid，either.If your dream is to be an author，that's a dream you can achieve，but it may not be realistic to write the next The Purpose Driven Life.
★（2） ______
Write down action steps you can take towards your goal.Sticking with the idea of being an author，perhaps you could start with a blog.Then move to outline chapters.You might set aside a few hours a week to actually write the book.Record realistic dates to complete each step.
★Take a risk.
If you really want to succeed，you must be willing to risk failure.（3） ______ The ones who achieve their dreams are the ones who are willing to take the risk.
★Stay consistent（一致的）.
If you want to achieve your dream，you will have to keep at the task，even during the hard time.（4） ______ These are how habits are developed.Many give up too soon，often just before the turning point towards success comes.
★Get started.
The longer you wait，the less likely you are to begin.（5） ______

A.Make an action plan.
B.Clearly，it needs to be available.
C.Push yourself to complete scheduled action steps.
D.Facing challenges，most of us work harder.
E.Every great dream has a bit of risk involved.
F.Share your plan with people who like challenges.
G.If you think the dream is worth achieving，start today.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I'll always remember the first time I tried ballet.My mother was a （1） ______ and I wanted nothing more than to be like her，but after （2） ______ during my first class，I felt like I wanted to quit right away.As it was only my first day，however，I told my mom I couldn't wait to dance again.
Weeks passed and my dancing didn't（3） ______ any better.So when my dance teacher announced that we were to perform in a show，I feared falling on my face in front of hundreds of people，and（4） ______ my mom.
Even though I practiced for the show as much as I could，I （5） ______ quite got the hang of it.Finally，feeling nervous and （6） ______ ，I went to my mom to tell her how I felt.As I cried，I told her how （7） ______ dancing was for me.My mother simply laughed and told me that from that day，she would （8） ______ me all she knew about ballet.She wiped the （9） ______ from my face，and I smiled.
My mom quickly discovered how bad at ballet I was，but she still taught me with the greatest （10） ______ ，love，and understanding.When I fell，she was there to catch me.When I lost my （11） ______ ，she held me up.By the time the show arrived，I was as prepared as I could be.
The music began and my heart started to race.Breathing steadily，I began moving to the music without （12） ______ a step.When the music stopped，.ran off the stage and laughed in （13） ______ .
After the show，my mom found me and gave me a huge hug，telling me how （14） ______ she was.I looked my mom in the eye and told her that there was no way this could have happened （15） ______ her.Through this all，I realized one important fact：Never be afraid to reach for the stars，because even if you fall，you'll always be wearing a "parent-chute".
21.  A. teacher B. director C. dancer D. musician
22.  A. messing up B. making up C. keeping up D. picking up
23.  A. improve B. come C. develop D. get
24.  A. disappointing B. satisfying C. moving D. confusing
25.  A. still B. just C. once D. never
26.  A. enthusiastic B. embarrassed C. understanding D. curious
27.  A. important B. interesting C. impossible D. unnecessary
28.  A. teach B. recommend C. practice D. support
29.  A. sweat B. tears C. fear D. surprise
30.  A. courage B. boredom C. imagination D. patience
31.  A. balance B. interest C. confidence D. protection
32.  A. missing B. taking C. counting D. watching
33.  A. turn B. return C. peace D. excitement
34.  A. thankful B. nervous C. proud D. lucky
35.  A. despite B. without C. for D. beyond
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The 12th Beijing International Film Festival（BJIFF）， (1) is receiving increasing world-wide attention in recent years， (2) （hold）in Beijing from Aug.13 to 20 next year.
There will be (3) opening ceremony（典礼），a red carpet ceremony，a film carnival，a college student film festival，an award and closing ceremony.
"A total of 1，450 films from around the world will take part (4) （ compete） for the Tiantan Award.They have included 1，193 foreign films from 88 (5) （country），said Yu Junsheng，president of Beijing Radio &Television Station，and vice chairman and secretary general of the Organizing Committee of the 12th BHFF，at a news conference on Thursday.
Some (6) （culture） activities will go with the festival from Aug.14 to 27.As this year marks the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the mainland，the Beijing International Film Festival will (7) （ deep） work together with the Hong Kong Film Festival at the opening ceremony.The film festival is guided by the China Film Administration hosted by the China Media Group and the Beijing municipal government，and (8) （organize） by the Beijing Municipal Film Administration，the Beijing Municipal Radio and Television Bureau，Beijing Radio & Television Station，the Huairou District Peopled Government and Beijing Enterprises Group Company Limited.
(9) the rapid development of Chinese film industry，Beijing International Film Festival will have a (10) （ strong）influence on Chinese and foreign films than before.
(1)
(2)
(3)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，正在美国旅游。你坐出租车到时代广场后，不慎将手提箱落在了车上。请你给出租车公司写封求助信，请他们帮你寻找。内容包括：
（1）简述情况；
（2）描述遗失的手提箱；
（3）渴望得到帮助。
注意：（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Last Saturday，David was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about eight years old.When David passed them，he heard the woman yell，"How stupid you are!You're good at nothing."David stopped and looked at the little boy.The boy said nothing.He just stood there，looking upset.
David was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Brown in middle school.After he entered middle school，David lacked self- confidence because he was often made fun of by others.He was often told that he was good at nothing，which David believed.But one day it all changed.
One day，in an English writing class，Mrs Brown asked them to read a novel.They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading the book.A few days later，David handed in his story.He didn't give it much thought.But the next day to his surprise，the comment"well done"from Mrs Brown came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written.
When David read that，he almost burst into tears.He never expected to be praised one day.He suddenly gained some self- confidence .
That day after he returned home，he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Brown the next morning.And again he was praised.
David became very interested in writing.He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Brown to read them and correct them for him.Mrs Brown always corrected them for him.Mrs Brown always corrected the mistakes he had made and gave him good advice to improve them.One year later，David joined the school newspaper and became an editor of it.He was no longer that boy who lacked self- confidence .He gained his confidence and was hopeful about his future.
He succeeded in entering college and kept writing.Several years after graduating from college，he had his first book published.With some more books coming out，he became famous as a writer in his country.And he owed his success to Mrs Brown's encouragement .Without her encouragement ，his life might be very different now.
Paragraph 1：
Inspired by his own life story，David decided to do something for that boy.______
Paragraph 2：
The mother was ashamed when she heard that.______
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、A、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段""You are not inferior. " is what Clark would often tell his students，many of whom were African American or Latino.They grew up in a difficult environment and faced violence，drugs and troubled family life which could prevent them from succeeding in school and in life."（Clark经常对他的学生说："你毫不逊色。"这些学生中有很多是非裔美国人或拉丁裔美国人。他们在一个艰难的环境中长大，面临暴力、毒品和麻烦的家庭生活，这可能会阻碍他们在学校和生活中取得成功。）可知，Clark经常对他的学生说："你毫不逊色。"是为了鼓励那些孩子们可以有信心，更好的发展自己。故选D。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段"He was known to walk around with a bull horn and a baseball bat.In Clark's first days of working，he  expelled 300 students for breaking school rules.The students who remained at school believed that higher expectations were being placed on them.They felt more pressure to perform better."（大家都知道他拿着牛角和棒球棒到处走。在Clark工作的第一天，他expelled 300违规的学生。仍然留在学校的学生们认为，他们受到了更高的期望。他们感到压力更大，要表现得更好。）可知，expelled是动词，表示对那些违反校规的学生的惩罚方式。根据后面的"The students who remained at school"（仍然留在学校的学生们）可知，那些违反校规的学生被学校开除了。选项A的意思是"踢出"，和expelled意思一致。A．Kicked out.踢出；B．Drew out.拔出来；C．Brought out.拿出来；D．Smoothed out.抹平。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第一段"Joe Clark was a non-traditional high school principal，whose unusual way of carrying out rules became the subject of a 1989 Hollywood movie.He gained national attention for his leadership at Eastside High School in Paterson，New Jersey."（乔•克拉克（Joe Clark）是一位非传统的高中校长，他不同寻常的执行规则的方式成为1989年好莱坞电影的主题。他因在新泽西州帕特森市东区高中的领导而获得全国关注。）可知，Clark很不同寻常；根据第三段"He was known to walk around with a bull horn and a baseball bat.In Clark's first days of working，he  expelled 300 students for breaking school rules.The students who remained at school believed that higher expectations were being placed on them.They felt more pressure to perform better."（大家都知道他拿着牛角和棒球棒到处走。在Clark工作的第一天，他expelled 300违规的学生。仍然留在学校的学生们认为，他们受到了更高的期望。他们感到压力更大，要表现得更好。） 可知，Clark是很严厉的人。所以Clark是一个严厉又很独特的人。A．Tough and unique.严厉而独特的；B．Demanding and humorous.苛求又幽默的；C．Kind and considerate.善良体贴的；D．Well-meaning and professional.善意且专业的。故选A。
本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述一位非传统的高中校长Joe Clark和他不同寻常的执行规则的方式。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4~7.【答案】C、C、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句While there are undeniably health benefits to more Americans choosing water over sugary sodas，the uptick in bottled water sales and the marketing push for selling pre-packaged water has also contributed to an explosion of disposable container waste.（虽然越来越多的美国人选择水而不是含糖苏打水，这无疑对健康有好处，但瓶装水销量的上升和销售预包装水的营销攻势也导致了一次性容器垃圾的激增。）可知，瓶装水销量和销售预包装水的市场营销的增加也导致了一次性瓶装容器废物的激增。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句When I waited tables，I always dreaded asking guests for their water preference.（当我在餐馆当服务员的时候，我总是害怕问客人喜欢喝什么水。）可知，当作者招待客人的时候，他总是害怕询问客人对水的偏好。由此可推知，作者可能是一名服务员。故选C项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句In theory，the bottles and their packaging are recyclable，but history shows that，despite our best intentions，many recyclable products end up in landfills anyway.（理论上，瓶子及其包装都是可回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的出发点是好的，但许多可回收的产品最终还是被扔进了垃圾填埋场。）可知，从理论上讲，这些瓶子及其包装都是可回收的，但历史表明，尽管我们的意图是好的，许多可回收产品最终还是被扔进了垃圾填理场。故选B项。
（4）主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了瓶装水销量增加带来的问题；第二段阐述了瓶装水销量增加的原因；第三段介绍瓶装水对环境造成的危害；第四段呼吁餐馆要采取行动，本着对环境负责的态度，不要售卖瓶装水。由此可知，本文的主旨是为了减少环境污染，餐馆不应该售卖瓶装水。A.People must be more aware of the environment.人们必须更加关注环境；B.Bottled water has become the most popular drink.瓶装水已经成为最受欢迎的饮料；C.It's time to take bottled water off restaurant menus.是时候把瓶装水从餐馆菜单上拿掉了；D.Restaurants should not give people whatever they want.餐馆不应该给人们他们想要的任何东西。故选C项。
这是一篇议论文。2017年，瓶装水超过了碳酸软饮料，成为美国最受欢迎的饮料。虽然这种趋势有利于美国人的身体健康，但也对环境造成了影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】B、C、B、C
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的"When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit （联系） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other...when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.（当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式......当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12，000种。）"由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
（2）C.猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的"dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为"强有力的语言"。A.Complex复杂的；B.Advanced先进的；C.Powerful强有力的；D.Modern现代的。故选C。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"At present,the world has about 6，800 languages.和The median number （中位数） of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.（目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半。）"由此可知，目前有3400种语言，讲的人数少于6000。故选B。
（4）C.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句"Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.（语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。）"以及第二段内容可知，随着人类社会的发展，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类变少。由此可知，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】C、B、A、D
【解析】1．C．主旨大意．根据第二段第一句the television science series from the 1980s，scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars．可知，主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识．
2．B．查推理判断．根据第三段Today，Mars continues to excite humans--not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study．和最后一句Space scientists have collected a wealth of information……可推断，现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣．
3．A．推理判断题．根据第四段的He said，'It's actually orangish more than red and it's also kind of brown．'"句意：Sam人物火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，所以应选符合此意的选项．
4．D．推理判断．根据最后一段的a worrid that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes可知，作者认为人类在接下来的几十年就有可能登上火星．
本文主要介绍了在"火星日"，人们可以对火星有更好地了解和认识．
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

16~20.【答案】B、A、E、C、G
【解析】（1）细节理解题。上文List what your dream would look like.（列出你的梦想。）以及下文If your dream is to create a new moon，you may be disappointed，but don't be afraid，either.（如果你的梦想是创造一个月亮，你可能要失望了，但是也不要害怕。）可知，空格处应承上启下，讲述梦想大概应是什么样的；选项B（显然它需要具有可行性。）正好承接上下文，且其中it指代上文中"your dream"。故选B。
（2）段落标题题。下文Write down action steps you can take towards your goal.（写下你可以向目标迈进的行动步骤。）以及Record realistic dates to complete each step（记录现实的日期来完成每一步。）可知，空格处是本段小标题，用于概括本段主要内容；选项A（做一个行动计划。）其中"action plan"与"action steps"以及"each step"意义一致。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。上文小标题Take a risk.（冒险。）可知，空格处应描述梦想要有一定的冒险因素，选项E（每一个伟大的梦想都有一点风险。）其中"a bit of risk"与"Take a risk"相呼应。故选E。
（4）推理判断题。上文小标题Stay consistent（始终如一。）以及If you want to achieve your dream，you will have to keep at the task，even during the hard time（如果你想要实现你的梦想，你必须坚持完成任务，即使在困难时期。）可知，空格处应进一步讲述坚持按照计划去实现梦想，选项C（强迫自己完成计划好的行动步骤。）其中"complete scheduled action steps"衔接上文"Stay consistent"以及"keep at the task"。故选C。
（5）推理判断题。上文小标题Get started.（开始行动。）所以空格处描述要行动起来；选项G（如果你认为这个梦想是值得实现的，现在就开始。）其中"start today"衔接"Get started"。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人人都有梦想，但是为什么有些人的梦想实现不了，作者分析了原因，并讲述了有助于实现梦想的方法。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】C、A、D、A、D、B、C、A、B、D、A、A、D、C、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.teacher教师；B.director导演，指导者；C.dancer舞蹈家；D.musician音乐家。句意：我的妈妈是一名舞蹈家，我只想成为她那样的人。根据上文ballet芭蕾舞及下文 My mom quickly discovered how bad at ballet I was，but she still taught me妈妈教作者跳舞可知，作者的妈妈是一个舞蹈家，故选C项。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.messing up使混乱，搞砸；B.making up组成，构成；C.keeping up继续，保持；D.picking up捡起，（开车）接。句意：但在第一堂课上把事情搞砸后，我觉得我想马上放弃。结合下文"I felt like I wanted to quit right away"可知，作者应是搞砸了第一节课，因此想立刻放弃学芭蕾了。故选A项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.improve提高；B.come来；C.develop发展；D.get变得。句意：几个星期过去了，我的舞也没有跳得更好。故选D项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.disappointing使失望；B.satisfying使满意；C.moving使感动；D.confusing使困惑。句意：所以，当我的舞蹈老师宣布我们要在一个节目中表演时，我害怕在几百人面前丢脸，让我的妈妈失望。上文提到作者舞蹈没有变好，结合空前"I feared falling on my face in front of hundreds of people"可知，此处指让妈妈失望，故选A项。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.still仍然；B.just仅仅；C.once曾经；D.never从来没有。句意：尽管我为演出做了尽可能多的练习，我还是没有完全掌握它。故选D项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.enthusiastic充满热情的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.understanding理解的；D.curious好奇的。句意：最后，我感到紧张和尴尬，我去我的妈妈那里告诉她我的感受。此处应选择一个和nervous意义并列的词，结合下一句"As I cried"可知，embarrassed符合语境，故选B项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.important重要的；B.interesting有趣的；C.impossible不可能的；D.unnecessary不必要的。句意：我一边哭，一边告诉她我不可能跳舞。根据"As I cried"并结合下文"My mom quickly discovered how bad at ballet I was"可知，此处指作者觉得跳舞对自己来说是"不可能的"，故选C项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.teach教；B.recommend推荐；C.practice练习；D.support支持。句意：我的妈妈只是笑着告诉我，从那天起，她要把她所知道的所有关于芭蕾舞的知识都教给我。根据下文"but she still taught me with the greatest（10），"可知，妈妈告诉作者会教她跳舞，故选A项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.sweat汗水；B.tears眼泪；C.fear害怕；D.surprise惊讶。句意：她擦去我脸上的泪水，我笑了。上文提到作者哭了，结合下文"and I smiled"可知，此处指妈妈擦去作者脸上的泪水，故选B项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.courage勇气；B.boredom厌烦；C.imagination想象；D.patience耐心。句意：妈妈很快就发现我的芭蕾有多差，但她仍然以最大的耐心、爱心和理解来教我。此处应选择一个和"love"及"understanding"意义并列的词，结合下文"When I leapt and fell，she was there to catch me.When I lost my（11），she held me up."可知，"耐心"符合语境，故选D项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.balance平衡；B.interest兴趣；C.confidence自信；D.protection保护。句意：当我失去平衡时，她扶着我。根据下文"she held me up"可知，此处指失去平衡时，妈妈会扶着作者，故选A项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.missing错过；B.taking拿走，带走；C.counting计算，计数；D.watching观看。句意：我稳稳地呼吸着，随着音乐一步不漏地移动。结合下一句中"When the music stopped，I ran off the stage and laughed in（13）."结束后作者笑了可知，此处指没有"错过"一步，故选A项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.turn转变；B.return归还；C.peace和平；D.excitement兴奋。句意：当音乐停止时，我跑下舞台，兴奋地笑了。故选D项。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.thankful感激的；B.nervous紧张不安的；C.proud自豪的；D.lucky幸运的。句意：节目结束后，妈妈找到了我，给了我一个大大的拥抱，告诉我她是多么自豪。结合本句中"gave me a huge hug"可知，妈妈应是为作者"自豪"，故选C项。
（15）考查介词及语境理解。A.despite尽管；B.without没有；C.for 对于，因为；D.beyond超越。句意：我看着妈妈的眼睛告诉她，没有她，这一切都不可能发生。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在妈妈的保护下学舞蹈的故事，告诉我们"永远不要害怕去摘星星，因为即使你掉下来了，你仍然会有父母保护着"。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】【小题1】which
【小题2】will be held
【小题3】an
【解析】（1）考查定语从句。句意：第十二届北京国际电影节将于明年8月13日至20日在北京举行，近年来它受到全球越来越多的关注。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为"The 12th Beijing International Film Festival"，指物，且该引导词在定语从句中作主语，故用which引导。故填which。
（2）考查动词的时态和语态。句意：第十二届北京国际电影节将于明年8月13日至20日在北京举行，近年来它受到全球越来越多的关注。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语"from Aug.13 to 20 next year"可知，此处应用一般将来时态。由于主语"The 12th Beijing International Film Festival"与"hold"构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be held。
（3）考查冠词。句意：将举行开幕式、红毯仪式、电影嘉年华、大学生电影节、颁奖典礼和闭幕式。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。根据句中名词短语"opening ceremony"可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指，意为"一个"。由于"opening"读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：来自世界各地的1450部电影将参加天坛奖的角逐。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处是目的状语，应用动词不定式结构。故填to compete。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：其中包括来自88个国家的1193部外国电影。根据空格前的数词"88"可知，空格处应填入名词复数形式。故填countries。
（6）考查形容词。句意：8月14日至27日，电影节还将举行一些文化活动。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰"activities"。culture的形容词形式为cultural。故填cultural。
（7）考查副词。句意：今年是香港回归25周年，北京国际电影节将在开幕式上与香港电影节深度合作。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰动词work。deep和deeply 都有副词词性，意思是"深深地"，但这两个词的用法不同：deep副词的意思是"在深处，深深地"，主要用于强调的是空间深度，不带有感情色彩。deeply这个词侧重表示感情上的"深"，是一个带有感情色彩的词。根据句意，此处指"深度合作"，是抽象意义的"深"。故填deeply。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：电影节由中国电影局指导，中国传媒集团和北京市政府主办，北京市电影局、北京市广播电视局、北京广播电视台、怀柔区人民政府和北京企业集团有限公司承办。分析句子可知，空格处应填入过去分词与"guided"并列，构成被动语态的结构。故填organized。
（9）考查介词。句意：随着中国电影业的快速发展，北京国际电影节将对中外电影产生比以往更大的影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。根据句意，此处表示"随着……"，故用with，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填With。
（10）考查形容词的比较级。句意：随着中国电影业的快速发展，北京国际电影节将对中外电影产生比以往更大的影响。根据句中"than before"可知，空格处应填入形容词的比较级。故填stronger。
本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了即将在北京举行的第十二届北京国际电影节的情况。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm Li Hua，traveling in America.After taking a taxi to Times Square on March 18，2021，I accidentally left my suitcase in the car.But I only remember it is your company's taxi and the driver is a man in his 40s  ，but  don't remember the license plate number of it.So I am writing to you to request you to help me find it back.（简述情况）
My suitcase is a small blue one with a zip.There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.【高分句型一】It is really important for me，because I had put all important documents in it，including my ID card，passport and so on.Besides，it is my father who sent it to me on my birthday.【高分句型二】（简要描述该行李并且说明其重要性）
Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to receiving your earliest reply.If it is found，please contact me by email  lihua@126.com and phone 12345678.（渴望得到帮助以及联系方式）
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一
There is a label on the handle with my name and address on it.
分析：句子里，with的复合结构my name and address on it作伴随状语。
翻译：把手上有一个标签，上面有我的名字和地址。
高分句型二
Besides，it is my father who sent it to me on my birthday.
分析：句子里，强调句式it is…who强调主语 my father.
翻译：另外，这是我父亲在我生日那天送给我的。
本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。

38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
Inspired by his own life story，David decided to do something for that boy.He went to the woman，who immediately recognised him because she had read his books and seen his pictures.【高分句型一】David started to chat with her.He told her that what she said to her boy was not appropriate.Then he told her about the encouragement he once got from Mrs.Brown.In the end，he said，"I couldn't have become a writer if I had believed I was good at nothing."（David决定去为男孩做些事情，他将自己的经历告诉这个女人）
Paragraph 2：
The mother was ashamed when she heard that.She realised that she shouldn't have called her son a stupid boy，which would make him lose confidence in himself.【高分句型二】So she said， "Thank you for your advice.I'll never say such things to him again.Instead，I'll find out what he's good at and encourage him. "The woman then left with the boy.Looking at the back of the boy，David felt relieved，hoping his action could make some difference to the boy.（女人意识到自己的错误，感谢David）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述了作者通过自己的经历告诉一位母亲应该多鼓励孩子。
高分句型一：He went to the woman，who immediately recognised him because she had read his books and seen his pictures.
翻译：他去找那个女人，她立刻认出了他，因为她读过他的书，看过他的照片。
分析：本句使用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：She realised that she shouldn't have called her son a stupid boy，which would make him lose confidence in himself.
翻译：她意识到自己不该称儿子为愚蠢的男孩，这会让他对自己失去信心。
分析：本句使用了that引导的宾语从句以及which引导的非限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
       （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。