2022-2023学年广东省陆丰市东海新龙中学高二上学期月考二英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省陆丰市东海新龙中学高二上学期月考二英语试题含解析，共27页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，完成句子，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高二上学期月考二英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
China’s long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world. We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.
Zhang Zhongjing (150-219) was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time. His famous work “ Shang Han Za Bing Lun ” had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, this great book was still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.

Li Daoyuan (AD 427 or 469-527) was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). He wrote the famous work “ Commentary to the River Classic ” (Shui Jing Zhu). The book is a great work on the ancient geography of China and it sums up China’s geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.

Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). He was called “ China’s King of Medicine ” for his important contributions to Chinese traditional medicine. Sun authored two books — “Qian Jin Yao Fang” and “Qian Jin Yi Fang” that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.

Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279). He compiled (汇编) an scientific work “Dream Pool Essays”, which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country. Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (航行). His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was four hundred years earlier than Europe.

1．The passage is mainly written to ________ .
A．encourage readers to learn from these great scientists
B．explain what contributes to the development of ancient China
C．broaden readers’ horizons on Chinese science and technology
D．introduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made
2．Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine?
A．Zhang Zhongjing’s B．Li Daoyuan’s C．Sun Simiao’s D．Shen Kuo’s
3．What do we know about Shen Kuo?
A．He was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty.
B．He worked on the ancient geography of China.
C．He was regarded as “China’s King of Medicine”.
D．He described the animals and plants a lot in his work.

“The mosquitofish is one of the 100 world’s worst invasive (侵入的) species, and present methods to kill it are too expensive. It will take too much time to successfully control the spread of the mosquitofish,” says Giovanni Polverino. “This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water. Instead of killing them one by one, we’re presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”
In the presence of the robotic fish, mosquitofish would stay closer to each other and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp turns, than those who haven’t met the robot. They swam away from the robot and back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that continued weeks after their last encounter (相遇) with the robot.
For the tadpoles (蝌蚪) the mosquitofish usually hunt for food, the robot’s presence was a change for the better. Tadpoles have poor eyesight. They don’t see the robot well. Because the robot changed the behavior of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn’t have predators (捕食者) at their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area. “It turned out to be a positive thing for tadpoles. Once freed from the danger of having mosquitofish around, they were not scared anymore. They’re happy.”
After five weeks of brief encounters between the mosquitofish and the robot, the team found that the fish spent more energy towards escaping than reproducing. Male fish’s bodies became thin.
“While successful at preventing mosquitofish, the lab-grown robotic fish is not ready to be put into the wild,” says Maurizio Porfiri. The team will still have to overcome technical challenges.
4．What do we know about mosquitofish?
A．It is the most dangerous species.
B．It costs too much money to feed.
C．It is difficult to be seen by people.
D．It is harmful to many animals in water.
5．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The mosquitofish’s living area.
B．The uses of the mosquitofish.
C．The mosquitofish’s reaction to the robotic fish.
D．The encounter between mosquitofish and tadpoles.
6．What's the benefit of the robotic fish’s presence for the tadpoles?
A．They had better behavior.
B．They had no more killers.
C．They were more adventurous.
D．They could see the robot clearly.
7．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Robots Use Fear To Fight Invasive Fish
B．Mosquitofish Are The Most Dangerous Animals
C．Invasive Fish Are Spreading All Over The World
D．Robots Fish Are Hunting And Killing Mosquitofish

Recently, the magazine Big Think asked top minds from a variety of fields to comment on what the future holds 40 years from now. The result is as follows.
It’s likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas, and will have a much higher average age than people today. Cities theorist Richard Florida thinks urbanization will reinvent the education system of the United States, making our economy less real estate (房地产) driven and erasing(消除) the divisions between home and work.
And rapidly advancing technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won’t look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but it’s likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster transports. A larger version of driverless cars－driverless trucks － may make long-distance drivers out of date.
Some long view predictions are completely dire. Environmentalist Bill McKibben says that if we don’t make great progress in fighting global warming, it’s likely we could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars over limited freshwater resources.
In terms of how we will eat, green markets founder and “real food” supporter Nina Planck believes that there will be more small milk processing plants, and more regional food operations and we’ll be healthier as a result. New York Times feature writer Mark Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown closer to where they live. And Anson Mills farmer Glenn Roberts thinks that more people will be aware of the “ethical(道德的) responsibility” to grow and preserve land-raised farm systems.
8．What may happen by 2050?
A．Most people will live in cities. B．The aging population will drop.
C．Home education will become a trend. D．The economy will be driven by real estate.
9．What do we know about technology in the future?
A．It will give cities a science-fiction appearance.
B．It will greatly change the way people live.
C．It will lead to an increase in the number of cars.
D．It will ensure faster transports with fast cars.
10．What does the underlined word “dire” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Interesting. B．Daring. C．Terrible. D．Creative.
11．What does Mark Bittman think of foods in the future?
A．People will eat healthier and fresher foods.
B．Land-raised farm systems will be improved.
C．There will be more regional food operations.
D．Food supplies will become more limited than before.


二、七选五
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. 12
The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.
The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting?
13 —he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.
Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. 14 For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum. He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. 15                          
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. 16           
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
A．First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity
B．To begin with, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own
C．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.
D．Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.
E．He knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
F．He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent.
G．Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.


三、完形填空
Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is 17 as the first women’s luge(无舵雪橇)Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to 18 the line in the first run of the women’s race on Monday night, 19 than none of the other athletes. However, that did not 20 to her and she celebrated with a large smile on her face.
Although she will not win in Beijing, she has already won some 21 . She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 22 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 23 job with competing in a sport. The biggest 24 simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization. So, she 25 one herself; she had to self-fund.
Now, 26 , she is a luge Olympian. “I’m a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really 27 challenges, but I think everyone has worked as hard as they can to be here. ”She is expected to return to work on this Friday because she was given some time 28 to compete in the Olympics, and now she has 29 parts of her job.
Desmond has to balance these two 30 jobs—sliding a few months out of the year and living a life in medicine. There was a(n) 31 last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying. “I had to stick signs on my door saying ‘Do not disturb, exam in 32 , in about six different 33 .”
Desmond got the honor of 34 her country in Beijing, and being one of two people 35 Ireland’s flag during the opening ceremony on Friday. “I don’t think I can 36 words how excited I was to lead out the team. I really hope that I make my country proud.”
17．A．visiting B．studying C．leading D．competing
18．A．break B．cross C．follow D．draw
19．A．slower B．lower C．faster D．higher
20．A．upset B．respond C．happen D．matter
21．A．potentials B．challenges C．operations D．alternatives
22．A．swimming B．sliding C．sailing D．running
23．A．financial B．athletic C．medical D．educational
24．A．expectation B．achievement C．difficulty D．pleasure
25．A．started B．stopped C．continued D．joined
26．A．privately B．traditionally C．similarly D．officially
27．A．visible B．imaginary C．absurd D．dangerous
28．A．off B．up C．out D．away
29．A．ruined B．exceeded C．covered D．delayed
30．A．frustrating B．rewarding C．demanding D．embarrassing
31．A．interview B．time C．vacation D．chance
32．A．peace B．need C．progress D．public
33．A．characters B．approaches C．styles D．languages
34．A．investigating B．preserving C．strengthening D．representing
35．A．holding B．raising C．preparing D．storing
36．A．set down B．put into C．pick up D．get through


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former 37 (most) uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by writing novels，while the latter 38 (pay) more attention to academic research. A politician wants 39 (found) his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous 40 (contribute) to the world，the most well-known 60. 41 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933， 42 Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions 43 (close) to him. As 44 consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he 45 (admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 46 Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.


五、完成句子
47．常言道：“良好的开端是成功的一半。”
________ ________ ________ ________: “A good beginning is half done.”
48．她在信中感谢了他的帮助。
She______________ ______________ ______________ in her letter.
49．我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
________ ________ ________ ________we get this right.
50．汤姆在聚精会神地做作业，你最好别去打扰他。
Tom is _________ _________ his homework, so you’d better _________ him _________.
51．你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。
You have both a new ________for ________ and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
52．我必须向你道歉，因为我没有及时回信。
I must_____________to you for not replying to your letter on time.
53．你必须承诺按时完成任务。
You must ______ _______ to finishing the task on time.

六、其他应用文
54．学校英文报正在开展以“What is your ideal job in the future?”为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。请根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.讨论的结果描述；
2.你的观点。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Discussion on Ideal Jobs
What job would you like to do in the future?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

七、读后续写
55．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mo was waiting in the corridor outside her class. She was feeling sick. She had two exams that day and physics was first. She really hated physics. It was her worst subject. Terry looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly. Mo thought she looked guilty. She didn’t have a problem with physics; she didn’t have a problem with anything... Miss Perfect!
“Hi, Mo, it’s your favourite exam today,” said Nina, laughing as she joined the line. Terry was looking at Mo again. “So what’s wrong with her?” asked Nina. “I thought you were friends.” “Yes, so did I,” said Mo. “But she hasn’t spoken to me for two weeks now. She promised to help me review for the physics exam too, but then she’s ignored all my calls and texts. And when I rang her house, her mum just told me she was busy.” said Mo angrily. At that time, Mr Reed asked all the students into the exam room.
Mo couldn’t answer question number five. She looked up and saw Terry sitting two rows in front of her. Mo couldn’t believe it! Terry was holding her phone on her knees under the table and reading from it. Is that how Terry always got such good grades? She felt really angry at Terry, but she didn’t know what to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her? “Stop writing and put your pens down.” said Mr Reed as he started to collect the exam papers.
Mo wanted to talk to Terry at lunch time, but she couldn’t find her anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Mo’s favourite subject but she wasn’t feeling good. Mo went to the library to study, but she couldn’t concentrate. “It wasn’t fair!” she thought. “Terry was getting good grades by cheating all that time,” thought Mo. Just then, Mr Reed walked past her table. “Mr Reed.”
Mo was sitting behind Terry again in the history exam that afternoon. Mo was feeling terrible. Why had she told Mr Reed? But it was too late now. And anyway, Terry didn’t want to be her friend! Mr Reed wanted her to look at her and nod if she saw that Terry was cheating in the exam.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she saw Terry. “Mo, I want to talk to you.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了四位伟大的中国科学家。
1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science and technology.(我们精选了几位中国古代最伟大的科学家，希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术)”可知，写这篇文章的主要目的是希望能帮助大家更多地了解中国的科学技术。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。由文章Zhang Zhongjing部分的“His famous work Shang han za bing lun had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.(他的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响)”可知，张仲景的著名著作《商汉杂病论》对中医实践产生了重大影响。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。由Shen Kuo部分的“He compiled (汇编) an scientific work Dream Pool Essays , which involves a lot descriptions about the animals and plants in the country.(他编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述)”可知，沈括编写了一部科学著作《梦溪笔谈》，其中涉及到很多关于这个国家的动植物的描述。故选D项。
4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。食蚊鱼是世界上100种最严重的入侵物种之一，目前杀死它的方法太昂贵了。所以人们想到更好的策略来控制这种全球害虫，利用机器人，机器人可以吓到食蚊鱼，但不会吓到它周围的其它动物。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water.”（这种全球性害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成严重威胁）由此可知，食蚊鱼对水中的许多动物是有害的。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the presence of the robotic fish, mosquitofish would stay closer to each other and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp turns, than those who haven’t met the robot. They swam away from the robot and back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted. The scared fish were less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that continued weeks after their last encounter  with the robot.”（在机器鱼在场的情况下，食蚊鱼会相互靠近，并在测试区的中心花费更多时间。它们不愿意游到未知的水域。与那些没有遇到机器人的人相比，它们游得更疯狂，转弯频繁而急。它们游离机器人，回到它们的生活区。恐惧的影响持续了。受惊吓的鱼不太活跃，吃得更多，不动的时间更长，表现出焦虑的迹象，这种焦虑在它们最后一次遇到机器人后持续了几周。）由此可知，第二段主要是关于食蚊鱼对机器鱼的反应。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Because the robot changed the behavior of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didn't have predators (捕食者) at their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area.”（因为机器人改变了食蚊鱼的行为，蝌蚪的尾巴不再有捕食者，它们更愿意在测试区探索）由此可知，机器鱼的出现对蝌蚪的好处是蝌蚪更喜欢冒险了。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water. Instead of killing them one by one, we’re presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”（这种全球害虫对许多生活在水中的动物构成了严重威胁。我们没有逐一杀死它们，而是提出了一种方法，可以为控制这种全球害虫提供更好的策略。我们让它们最糟糕的噩梦变成了现实：一个机器人会吓唬食蚊鱼，但不会吓唬周围的其他动物）由此可知短文的最佳标题为“机器人利用恐惧对抗入侵鱼类”。故选A项。
8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道杂志Big Think就40年后的世界会如何这一话题，邀请了各行各业的精英人士发表评论。并展示了评论内容。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It’s likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas, (到2050年，世界上大多数人可能会生活在城市地区)”可知，2050年大多数人将住在城镇地区。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Cities of the future won’t look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but it’s likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live.(虽然将来的城市不会像科幻小说幻想的那样，但技术的进步和信息覆盖会极大地改变我们的生活)”可知，在未来科技会改变我们生活的方式。故选B项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Environmentalist Bill McKibben says that if we don’t make great progress in fighting global warming, it’s likely we could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls, and wars over limited freshwater resources.(环境学家的推测：如果我们不加快与温室效应斗争，海平面上升可能会失控，粮食严重不足，因缺乏淡水资源导致的战争等问题都可能出现)”可知，这是对将来世界不好一面的推测。由此猜测dire意为“糟糕的”，与terrible同义。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“New York Times feature writer Mark Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown closer to where they live. 《纽约时报》特写作家Mark Bittman认为，人们会少吃加工食品，吃离他们住的地方更近的食物)”推知，Mark Bittman认为未来人们将会吃更健康和新鲜的食物。故选A项。
12．G 13．A 14．F 15．C 16．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科学态度的本质及科学家的思考和行动方法。
12．根据下文的“The first of these is…(第一方面是……)”及“The second aspect is…(第二方面是……)”可知，G项“然而，许多人认为我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面”引起下文，与上文“We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. (我们都知道，科学在我们所生活的社会中扮演着重要的角色。)”是转折关系。故选G项。
13．上段末尾“What are these special methods of thinking and acting?( 这些特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？)”提出一个问题：科学家在工作中使用的特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？结合下文“he wants to find out how and why the universe works(他想知道宇宙是如何运作的，以及为什么会这样)”可知，A项“首先，一个成功的科学家似乎都充满了好奇心”符合语境，因此破折号后的具体解释。故选A项。
14．根据空前“He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes.(他是一个优秀的观察者，准确、耐心和客观，并将逻辑思维应用于他所做的观察)”及空后的举例“For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.(例如，训练有素的观测者主要通过对光谱中出现的简单线条的准确分析来获得关于一颗恒星的大量信息)”可知，F项“他最大限度地利用他所观察到的事实”符合语境，下文举例说明。故选F项。
15．根据空前“He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth.(他是怀疑论者——他不接受那些没有以最完整的证据为基础的陈述——因此拒绝把权威作为真理的唯一基础)”可知，科学家是怀疑论者，C项“科学家总是检查各种说法，认真客观地做实验来验证它们”符合语境。故选C项。
16．根据空前“Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.(最后，他的想象力非常丰富，因为他经常要在复杂而且往往不完整的数据中寻找关系)”可知，科学家的想象力丰富，D项“此外，如果他想对过程如何运作和事件如何发生作出假设，他就需要想象力”符合语境。故选D项。

17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A 36．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了克服了种种困难，最终才能参加冬奥会的一名普外科医生Elsa Desmond以爱尔兰的第一名无舵雪橇奥运女选手的身份参加了北京冬奥会，尽管在第一场角逐中就已经排在第26位，但是她依旧满心欢喜。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Elsa Desmond知道她不会在北京冬奥会上赢得奖牌，但她作为第一位来自爱尔兰的女子无舵雪橇奥运选手参加了北京冬奥会。A. visiting拜访，游览；B. studying学习 ；C. leading领导；D. competing参赛。根据本句“Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知，她是来参加冬奥会的。故选D。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，比其他任何运动员都慢。A. break打破；B. cross越过；C. follow眼随；D. draw吸引。根据下文“However, that did not upset to her”可知，前后为对照关系，说明Elsa比赛成绩落后于任何其他选手，但是冲过终点线，排名第26。故选B。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，没有比其他任何运动员都快。A. slower更慢的；B. lower更低的；C. faster更快的；D. higher更简高的。根据本句“She was the 26th to cross the line”可知，她比别的选手滑得慢，也就是没有比他们中任更何人快。故选C。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这对她来说并不重要，她脸上挂着灿烂的微笑庆祝。A. upset失落；B. respond回应；C. happen发生；D. matter起作用，要紧。根据本句“She celebrated with a large smile on her face.”可知，尽管比赛成绩不如别人，她还是满怀喜悦地庆祝，可知她第26的名次对她来说并不重要。故选D。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她不会在北京获胜，但她已经战胜了一些挑战。A. potentials潜力；B. challenges挑战；C. operation操作，手术；D. alternatives选择。根据下文的“She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 　sliding at a young age, and she could not balance a medical job with competing in a sport. The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization.”可知，她在此之前，面临并且克服了很多的困难挑战，才得以最终参加冬奥会。故选B。
22．查动词词义辨析。句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. swimming游泳；B. sliding滑；C. sailing航行；D. running跑步。从上文“Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but she is competing as the first women’s luge(无舵雪橇) Olympian from Ireland.”可知，Elsa Desmond参加的奥运项是无舵滑雪。故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. financial经济的；B. athletic运动的；C. medical医疗的；D. educational教育的。根据后文“I’m a doctor in general surgery.”可知，她是从事医学方面的工作。故选C。
24．考查名词词词义辨析。句意：最大的困难可能是爱尔兰没有雪橇组织。A. expectation期待；B. achievement成绩；C. difficulty困难；D. pleasure高兴。根据上文“She had been given many reasons why she could not compete”可知，人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由和困难。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，她自己创办了一家雪橇组织，她不得不自筹资金。A. started创立；B. stopped停止；C. continued继续；D. joined加入。上文中“The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization.”可知，因为爱尔兰没有此类组织，只能她自己创办。故选A。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，她正式地成为奥运会无舵雪橇选手。A. privately私下地；B. traditionally传统上地；C. similarly相似地；D. officially正式地，官方地。根据下文“Desmond got the honor of representing her country in Beijing,”可知，她在北京代表她的国家，因此她是爱尔兰的正式的奥运选手。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是一名普通外科医生，我有所有这些显而易见的挑战，但我认为每个人都尽了最大努力才来到这里。A. visible显而易见的；B. imaginary想象的；C. absurd荒谬的；D. dangerous危险的。根据上文“She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start sliding at a young age, and she could not balance a medical job with competing in a sport. The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization.”可知，挑战显而易见。故选A。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A. off离开；B. up向上；C. out出去；D. away远离。根据句意可知，她为了参加奥运会比赛推迟了部分医务工作可知，医院给了她离开的时间，才使她可以去参加冬奥会。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她预计将于本周五返回工作岗位，因为她离开一段时间去参加奥运会，现在她已经推迟了部分工作。A.ruined毁坏；B. exceeded超过；C．covered覆盖；D．delayed推迟。根据本句“She is expected to return to work on this Friday”可知，她是推迟了工作来参赛的。故选D。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Desmond必须在这两份要求很高的工作之间找到平衡——一年中抽出几个月的时间来滑雪，同时又要从事医学研究。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. rewarding值得的；C. demanding要求高的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据下文“There was a time last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying.”可知，Desmond既要抽时间滑雪又要要从事医学研究。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上一季有一段时间，她不得不在德国的酒店里接受重要的体检，而来自不同国家的滑雪者们也住在那里。A. interview采访；B.time时间；C. vacation假期；D. chance机会。固定句型there was a time when... “曾经有一段时间……”。故选B。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着‘请勿打扰，考试正在进行中’。” 。A. peace和平；B. need需要；C. progress进展；D. public公众。根据“Do not disturb”可知，考试在进行中，请不要打扰。in progress意为“进行中”。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不得不在门上贴标语，用六种语言写着‘请勿打扰，考试正在进行中’。” 。Desmond获得了代表爱尔兰参加北京奥运会的荣誉，并成为周五开幕式上两名持爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. characters特点；B. approaches方法；C.styles风格；D. languages语言。根据前文“There was a time last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders from different countries were staying.”可知，来自不同国家的人都住在这个酒店，所以是用不同语言提醒不要打扰。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. investigating调查；B. preserving保存；C. strengthening加强；D. representing代表。根据本句“being one of two people holding Ireland’s flag during the opening ceremony on Friday”可知，Desmond代表自己的国家，手举国旗，参加开幕式。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Desmond有幸代表爱尔兰参加了北京奥运会，在周五的开幕式上，她是两名举着爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. holding拿着；B. raising引起；C. preparing准备；D. storing储存。根据宾语“Ireland’s flag”可知，旗手是握着旗杆，高举旗帜进入会场。故选A。
36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想我无法用语言来表达我带领团队的兴奋之情。A. set down放下；B. put into把……放在里面；C. pick up捡起；D. get through通过。第一次参加冬运会的Desmond作为国家的旗手，应该是激动得难以言表，put into words，意为“用语言表达”。故选B。

37．mostly 38．pays 39．to found 40．contributions 41．being 42．when 43．closed 44．a 45．was admired 46．that

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了伟大科学家爱因斯坦的贡献以及生平。
37．考查副词。句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。分析句子成分可知，空处应为副词修饰动词“uses”。故填mostly。
38．考查时态。句意：小说家和教授的区别在于，前者多是用自己非凡的创作天才通过写小说来激发人们的激情，而后者则更注重学术研究。分析句子成分可知，空前“the latter”指的是前文的“a professor”作主语，所以空处应为谓语动词。结合本句中其他动词“uses”可知，应为一般现在时。故填pays。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家想要找到自己的理论并试图掌权。want to do sth. “想要做某事”为固定搭配，不定式为宾语。故填to found。
40．考查名词。句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。make contributions to sth. “为……做贡献”为固定搭配。故填contributions。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：他对世界作出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“made”，且无连词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词，且和空前省略的指代“contribution”的代词“one”之间为主动关系，故用doing形式。故填being。
42．考查连词。句意：情况在1933年发生了变化，那时希特勒在德国掌权。分析句子成分可知，本句有两个谓语动词“changed”和“came”，无连接词，所以空处因为连接词。空前为时间，空后为完整句子，所以空处应为指代先行词1933，且在定语从句中充当时间状语的when。故填when。
43．考查形容词。句意：爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。分析句子成分可知，主句为“主谓宾宾补”的结构，空处应为形容词作宾补，对宾语“he doors of academic institutions”进行补充说明。形容词表示状态，表示“门是关闭的”。故填closed。
44．考查冠词。句意：因此，他不得不逃离德国。固定搭配as a consequence“因此，结果”。故填a。
45．考查时态语态。句意：尽管他性格古怪，但他遇到的朋友和邻居都很钦佩他。分析句子成分可知，空处应为主句的谓语动词。结合句意以及空后的“by”可知，谓语动词应为被动，照应全文时态，应为一般过去时。故填was admired。
46．考查连词。句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀悼。分析句子成分可知，应为强调句型“It is/was...that...”，本句强调的是时间。故填that。
47． As the saying goes
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句意可知，空处应为意为“正如谚语所说；常言道”的固定句型as the saying goes，此句型中as引导的为非限制性定语从句。故填As the saying goes。
48． acknowledged his help
【详解】考查动词及名词。根据句意及所给句子可知，“感谢”使用动词acknowledge，“他的帮助”使用his help，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填①acknowledged；②his；③help。

49． It is crucial that
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中涉及固定句型“It is crucial that…”，意为“……是极其重要的”，句中“It”作形式主语，“that”引导的从句作真正的主语，“crucial”意为“极其重要的，至关重要的”，形容词词性，句首单词首字母大写。故填It is crucial that。
50． focusing/concentrating on leave alone
【详解】考查动词短语搭配和复合宾语结构。分析句子可知，前两空表示“正在聚精会神”，谓语动词应用现在进行时，所以空处应填固定短语搭配focusing/ concentrating on，表示“聚精会神”；后两空表示“别去打扰他”也就是“让他一个人待着”，要用leave的复合结构leace+宾语+宾补，所以应填固定搭配leave sb. alone，表示“让某人一个人呆着”，had better do sth.为固定用法，意为“最好做某事”，空处需填动词原形。故填①focusing/ concentrating②on③leave④alone。
51． desire independence
【详解】考查名词。根据句意表示“渴望”应用名词desire；表示“独立”应用名词independence。故填①desire；②independence。
52．apologize
【详解】考查动词原形。根据中英文提示，apologize to sb. for sth.“因某事向某人道歉”，must是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填apologize。
53． commit yourself
【详解】考查固定短语和动词原形。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“承诺做某事”，是固定短语commit oneself to doing sth.，主语是you，反身代词用yourself，must是情态动词，其后动词用原形，因此空格处是commit yourself 。故填commit yourself。
54．参考范文：
A Discussion on Ideal Jobs
What job would you like to do in the future? Our class had a discussion on it this week. Here are the results of our discussion.
Some students want to be engineers out of the consideration that engineers can make contributions to the construction of our country. Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science. Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation’s health.
In my view, whatever job we may choose in the future, we all have to do our part for the development of our country.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文投稿，介绍你班关于“What is your ideal job in the future?”这一话题的讨论结果，并阐明你的观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
当然：of course→certainly
此外：besides→what’s more
保护：protect→defend
在我看来：in my view→in my opinion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our class had a discussion on it this week.
拓展句：Our class had a discussion whose topic is “What job would you like to do in the future?” this week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Of course, some would like to be science researchers, whose work is of great importance to the development of science.（运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, to be medical workers is also a hot choice because they can protect the nation’s health.（运用了不定式作主语，because引导的原因状语从句）
55．One possible version：
She was working on the last question when she saw that Terry have her phone under the table. Mo looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Terry was too busy looking at her phone and she didn’t hear him as he walked silently up to her table. Mr Reed didn’t say anything. He just picked up her exam paper, and told Terry to leave the room. Terry was crying as she walked to the door. Everyone was staring at her and Mo felt really guilty now.
Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she saw Terry. “Mo, I want to talk to you.” Mo could see that Terry had been crying, her face was pale and her eyes were red. Mo couldn’t say a word. “Listen,” said Terry. “I’m really sorry I haven’t answered any of your calls, but we’re having a terrible time at home. My dad had a heart attack two weeks ago and he’s in hospital. He had a big heart operation today and I was very worried about him. I was reading texts from my mum to see how the operation was going. I’m sorry I didn’t tell you what was happening. I haven’t forgotten that you’re a good friend. Will you forgive me?”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者Mo物理不好，她的好朋友Terry物理很好，原本答应帮助Mo补课，但是考试前两周Terry根本不接电话也不回短信，打电话到她家时，她妈妈说她很忙，作者很生气，结果考试当天作者Mo看到Terry在考试物理的时候看手机，认为Terry是在作弊，并且怀疑她以前的成绩也是假的，物理考试过后，作者想找她谈谈，但是没有见到Terry，作者纠结再三，向老师Mr Reed告发了Terry。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她正在写最后一道题时看到Terry把手机放在了桌子下面。”可知，第一段可描写作者告诉老师Terry作弊，老师现场抓到Terry看手机的情况，以及作者和Terry的表现。
②由第二段首句内容“Mo正朝着校门口走去，突然看到了Terry。”可知，第二段可描写Terry跟作者Mo解释考试看手机的真实原因以及没有帮她补习的原因。
2.续写线索：告诉老师看到Terry看手机——Terry被赶出考场——作者感受——Terry解释原因——和好
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.眼睛盯着手机看：too busy looking at her phone /with her eyes glued to the phone
②.跑（走）出教室：walk to the door /rush out of the class
③.拿走试卷：pick up her exam paper /take away her exam paper
情绪类
①.糟糕的：terrible /awful/bad
②.担心：be worried about/be concerned about/care about
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Terry was crying as she walked to the door.（由连接词as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. I haven’t forgotten that you’re a good friend. （由连接词that引导的宾语从句）