精品解析：广东省潮州湘桥区南春中学2021-2022学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：广东省潮州湘桥区南春中学2021-2022学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版），共19页。试卷主要包含了阅读，完型填空，语法填空，应用写作，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021-2022学年度第二学期高二英语第二次月考试卷
一、阅读：第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Cool places to stay for cycling adventures
From its dusty eastern reaches to its river valleys and lava (熔岩) flows, Oregon attracts adventure-hungry bicyclists. And the Oregon Scenic Bikeways program makes it easy to explore. So point your wheels down one of these routes chosen to highlight a variety of landscapes, skill levels and distances.
Willamette Valley Scenic Bikeway
It's exciting: riding past fields of world-class hops, rolling along hills dotted with rows of wine grapes, leaning your bike outside a small cafe at a rural crossroads for a strong cup of coffee. The bounty of Oregon is on full display as you cycle the nation’s first scenic bikeway, 134 miles down a river valley snaking between the Coast Range and Cascade Range.
Old West Scenic Bikeway
The 174-mile Old West Scenic Bikeway weaves through rangeland, along rushing rivers and toward an unending desert. And around these parts, folks are known for their put-your-feet-up hospitality (热情).
Cascade Siskiyou Scenic Bikeway
This 55-mile route starts and ends in Ashland and includes 5, 000 feet of climbing. From town, you climb through tropical grassland into deep forests. Stay in Ashland. Or turn the ride into an overnight ride and stay in a cabin in the woods.
McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway
This 38-mile route climbs through a forest to a 65-square-mile lava flow with 360-degree views of the Cascadian Volcanoes. The 25-mile, 4, 000-foot descent ( 坡道) to the McKenzie River has brake-burning turns through the forest. Professional tip: The McKenzie Highway is closed during the winter, but for several weeks before it opens to cars in the spring, the road is only managed for non-motorized use.
1. Which is the first scenic bikeway in the USA?
A. Old West Scenic Bikeway.
B. McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway.
C. Cascade Siskiyou Scenic Bikeway.
D. Willamette Valley Scenic Bikeway.
2. What is special about the Old West Scenic Bikeway?
A. It is the shortest.
B. It offers bicyclists desert scenery.
C. It is located beside the Cascadian Volcanoes.
D. It discourages riders because of unfriendly locals.
3. What should travelers know about McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway?
A. It is closed in winter.
B. It is inaccessible by car.
C. It is easy for bicyclists of all levels.
D. It is famous for cabins in the woods.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个骑车探险的好去处。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Willamette Valley Scenic Bikeway下的“The bounty of Oregon is on full display as you cycle the nation’s first scenic bikeway, 134 miles down a river valley snaking between the Coast Range and Cascade Range.(当你在海岸山脉和喀斯喀特山脉之间蜿蜒134英里的河谷中，骑上美国第一条风景优美的自行车道，俄勒冈的物产就会得到充分展示。)”可知，威拉米特山谷风景自行车道是美国第一个风景优美的自行车道。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Old West Scenic Bikeway下的“The 174-mile Old West Scenic Bikeway weaves through rangeland, along rushing rivers and toward an unending desert.(174英里长的老西部风景自行车道穿过牧场，沿着奔流的河流，通向无尽的沙漠。)”可知，老西部风景自行车道特别之处在于它为骑自行车的人提供沙漠风景。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据McKenzie Pass Scenic Bikeway下的“The McKenzie Highway is closed during the winter(McKenzie公路在冬天是关闭的)”可知，McKenzie Pass风景自行车道冬天是关闭的。故选A。
B
Your biology teacher may insist that science is not a laughing matter, but scientists would argue that laughter is a scientific matter. These scientists have found a basic difference in how men and women laugh.
Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers. The volunteers watched clips ( 电影片段) from funny movies. The scientists were surprised at the variety of sounds people made when they laughed. Rarely did they hear sounds that we stereotype as laughter such as “tee hee hee” or “ho ho ho.” More often they heard vowel (元音) sounds such as those heard in “car” (aah) or “glow” (ooh). What’s more, women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way, while men more often grunted (发出哼声).
The researchers caution that this work was limited to people in the United States, so the results may not be universal. Bachorowski predicts that cultural influences may affect what causes people to laugh, but it probably does not change how we laugh.
Although we do laugh at jokes and funny movies, 80% of our laughter occurs during everyday comments in everyday social situations. Robert Provine, a neuroscientist who studies laughter, went to places such as shopping malls and collected more than 1, 200 conversations. He found that the person speaking laughed 46% more than the listeners and that women laughed more often than men. Furthermore, the response to the speaker depended on the speaker’s gender. People, whether male or female, laughed more readily in response to a male speaker. The researchers also observed that laughter rarely interrupted speech. Instead, laughter came at the end of a phrase, much like punctuation following a written sentence.
Humans may be “tuned ( 使协调)” for laughter much in the same way that songbirds are “tuned” for song — especially their own specific family song. Certain nerve cells (神经细胞) in the songbird’s brain “fire” in response to hearing his song. Perhaps humans have specialized nerve cells that respond to laughter. After all, laughter is a specialized vocalization, and we are “tuned” to respond to vocalizations in language.
4 How did Bachorowski’s team do their research?
A. By studying how people laugh globally.
B. By analyzing cultural influences on humans’ laughter.
C. By observing everyday conversations in shopping malls.
D. By studying sounds made by volunteers in response to funny movies.
5. What did Bachorowski’s team find?
A. Men and women laugh differently.
B. Vowel sounds are rarely heard in laughter.
C. Cultural influences determine how people laugh.
D. People think jokes are funnier than comedy movies.
6 Which of the following agrees with Provine’s finding?
A. Men laugh more often than women.
B. Listeners laugh more often than speakers.
C. Laughter may easily interrupt a conversation.
D. Male speakers make people laugh more easily.
7. Why does the author mention songbirds in the last paragraph?
A. To describe how birds laugh.
B. To praise the beautiful songs they sing.
C. To explain how humans’ laughter works.
D. To show that laughter also exists among animals.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究，发现了男人和女人笑的基本区别。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Jo-Anne Bachorowski and her research team recorded the laughter of 97 volunteers. The volunteers watched clips ( 电影片段) from funny movies.(乔-安妮·巴科洛夫斯基和她的研究小组记录了97名志愿者的笑声。志愿者们观看了一些有趣的电影片段。)”可知，巴肖洛夫斯基的团队是通过观察志愿者在看搞笑电影时发出的声音进行研究的。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“What’s more, women tended to laugh in a more sing-song way, while men more often grunted.(更重要的是，女性更倾向于以歌唱的方式笑，而男性则更倾向于咕哝。)”可知，巴肖洛夫斯基的团队发现男人和女人笑的方式不同。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“People, whether male or female, laughed more readily in response to a male speaker.(无论是男性还是女性，人们在听到男性说话时更容易笑。)”可知，男性演讲者更容易让人笑。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Humans may be “tuned ( 使协调)” for laughter much in the same way that songbirds are “tuned” for song — especially their own specific family song. Certain nerve cells (神经细胞) in the songbird’s brain “fire” in response to hearing his song. Perhaps humans have specialized nerve cells that respond to laughter. After all, laughter is a specialized vocalization, and we are “tuned” to respond to vocalizations in language. (人类可以为了笑声被“调整”，就像鸣禽为歌曲“调整”一样——尤其是它们自己特定的家庭歌曲。鸣鸟大脑中的某些神经细胞在听到他的歌声时“燃烧”。也许人类有专门的神经细胞，可以对笑声做出反应。毕竟，笑是一种特殊的发声方式，我们为语言中的发声做出“调整”。)”可推断，作者在最后一段提到了鸣禽是解释人类的笑是如何工作的。故选C。
C
Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.
“The key message from my perspective is that you can't really have your cake and eat it,” says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.
Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming.
Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.
The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half comes from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double.
This doesn't necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure (though contrary to popular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife.
Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented (碎片化的).
Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.
8. Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic?
A. Organic farms take longer to build.
B. The agricultural output will increase greatly.
C. The emissions of each farm unit will increase.
D. Greater demand for imported food will be created.
9 What does the underlined word “merits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Changes. B. Challenges. C. Advantages. D. Differences.
10. What did Smith and his colleagues find?
A. Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests.
B. Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country.
C. Global warming could be brought under control.
D. Land was not used in a responsible way.
11. What is Smith's proposal?
A. Stopping using pesticides.
B. Eating less organic produce.
C. Going back to traditional farming.
D. Adopting mixed farming methods.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有机农业及其优缺点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly. (如果英格兰和威尔士的所有农场都采用有机农业，温室气体排放量将会增加。虽然每个农场的排放量都会下降，但必须进口更多的粮食，因为它们的产量将大大减少。)”可知，农场变得有机化，温室气体排放量就会增加，这样会导致食物进口的需求大幅增加，故选D。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too. (但是他的分析表明有机农业也有缺点。)”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反。此句表示有机农业有缺点，故推知前句表示有机农业又优点。故merits的意思是“优点”，与Advantages意义一致，故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods. (然而，平均每公顷的有机收成也较低。例如，对于小麦和大麦，收成仅为传统农场的一半。这意味着种植相同数量的这些有机食物需要1.5倍的土地。)”可知，史密斯和同事们发现：相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地来养活一个国家，故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time. (史密斯说最好的选择可能是同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法。)”可知，史密斯的提议是：同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法——混合耕作法，故选D。
D
Alaska's Arctic is experiencing surprising changes with the effects of climate change occurring at twice the rate of the rest of the world. Significant loss of sea ice from a warming climate is one example of this change. Polar bears rely on sea ice — their primary habitat — to hunt seals, which are their primary food source. In certain regions of the Arctic, loss of sea ice has sharply reduced the ability of polar bears to hunt for seals, and it has resulted in polar bears coming to shore to look for food and den in greater numbers.
There are 19 polar bear populations throughout the circumpolar Arctic, two of which include the Chukchi and Southern Beaufort Sea Populations. The Southern Beaufort Sea population is considered the most endangered on the planet, and Defenders has prioritized our polar bear work to focus on this population.
Defenders has a multi-pronged approach to protecting the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears. We are working to protect its critical habitat, minimize climate change effects and reduce human-polar bear conflicts. To reduce human-polar bear conflicts, we promote and support a variety of coexistence measures, including the use of polar bear-proof food storage lockers and polar bear patrols in Arctic communities that use non-lethal hazing and deterrence measures as a first line of defense.
The Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears has experienced such a dramatic rate of decline in the past few decades that it's possible that this population could be extinct within our lifetime. Clearly strong measures are needed to limit greenhouse gas emissions to lessen the effects of climate change and slow the loss of sea ice.
In the case of the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears, in addition to reducing climate impacts, we need to continue to work to reduce human-polar bear conflicts so that community residents remain safe and fewer of these polar bears are lost to “defense of life and property” kills. Defenders is grateful to be able to work with Arctic communities, families and residents to do what we can't to ensure community safety and preserve and ultimately recover this polar bear population.
12. How has climate change influenced polar bears?
A. It has threatened their freedom and security.
B. It has created increasing conflicts among them.
C. It has caused a dangerous population imbalance.
D. It has destroyed their habitats and food source access.
13. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A. The effects of human activities on polar bears. B. The measures taken to preserve polar bears.
C. The current living situations of polar bears. D. The favorable environment for polar bears.
14. What can be learned about the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears?
A. Their population has recovered.
B. Their self-protection efforts have worked.
C. Some have lost their lives to residents' defense kills.
D. Some have adapted to changes in their surroundings.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Encountering polar bears B. Coexisting with polar bears
C. Polar bears are making a comeback D. Polar bears may survive the ice melt
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化破坏了北极熊的栖息地和食物来源，导致北极熊大量地上岸寻找食物和巢穴。动物保护者们采取了多种方式来保护北极熊。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Polar bears rely on sea ice — their primary habitat — to hunt seals, which are their primary food source. In certain regions of the Arctic, loss of sea ice has sharply reduced the ability of polar bears to hunt for seals, and it has resulted in polar bears coming to shore to look for food and den in greater numbers.(北极熊依靠海冰——它们的主要栖息地——捕猎海豹，这是它们的主要食物来源。在北极的某些地区，海冰的减少大大降低了北极熊捕猎海豹的能力，这导致北极熊大量地上岸寻找食物和巢穴)”可知，气候变化破坏了北极熊的栖息地和食物来源从而影响了北极熊。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Defenders has a multi-pronged approach to protecting the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears. We are working to protect its critical habitat, minimize climate change effects and reduce human-polar bear conflicts. To reduce human-polar bear conflicts, we promote and support a variety of coexistence measures, including the use of polar bear-proof food storage lockers and polar bear patrols in Arctic communities that use non-lethal hazing and deterrence measures as a first line of defense.(捍卫者们采取了多管齐下的方法来保护南波弗特海的北极熊种群。我们正在努力保护其重要的栖息地，将气候变化的影响降至最低，并减少人类与北极熊之间的冲突。为减少人类与北极熊之间的冲突，我们提倡并支持多种共存措施，包括在北极社区使用防北极熊食品储存柜和北极熊巡逻，将非致命的欺凌和威慑措施作为第一道防线)”可知，第三段主要讲的是为保护北极熊而采取的措施。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the case of the Southern Beaufort Sea population of polar bears, in addition to reducing climate impacts, we need to continue to work to reduce human-polar bear conflicts so that community residents remain safe and fewer of these polar bears are lost to “defense of life and property” kills.(在南波弗特海的北极熊种群的情况下，除了减少气候影响，我们需要继续努力减少人与北极熊的冲突，这样社区居民就可以保持安全，减少这些北极熊因为“保护生命和财产”而死亡)”可知，一些南波弗特海的北极熊种群因为居民的自卫而失去了生命。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are 19 polar bear populations throughout the circumpolar Arctic, two of which include the Chukchi and Southern Beaufort Sea Populations. The Southern Beaufort Sea population is considered the most endangered on the planet, and Defenders has prioritized our polar bear work to focus on this population.(在北极圈周围有19个北极熊种群，其中包括楚科奇海种群和南波弗特海种群。南波弗特海的种群被认为是地球上最濒危的，捍卫者们已经将我们的北极熊工作放在了优先位置，以关注这一种群)”结合文章主要说明了气候变化破坏了北极熊的栖息地和食物来源，导致北极熊大量地上岸寻找食物和巢穴。动物保护者们采取了多种方式来保护北极熊。可知，B选项“与北极熊共存”最符合文章标题。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
Four Habits of Helping You Succeed
Nobody would like to experience failure. We all want to succeed. For those who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to understand. ___16___
• Know your values
Finding your values is in line with creating motivation, ___17___Pick a handful of things and write them down. Remind yourself of your values every day and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.
•___18___
Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement, while adjusting well to your values. If you want to achieve your goal, focus is the key here. ___19___If you perform many tasks at a time, you might never finish your projects because they will take far too long.
•Set a time for success
Set a date for success. Know when you hope to realize your goal. ___20___By setting a time limit, you are making the process realistic.
•Don’t give up because of failure
Failure can’t be avoided when you take risks. By its very definition, the desire to succeed means you are risking failure. Many people tend to give up far too early. Don’t fall into this trap! Use failure. Treat it as a good thing, and go on.
A. Make the right decision
B. Pick a goal and focus on it
C. Sit and reflect on what you value most.
D. Push yourself to be courageous, and take that next step.
E. Keep it realistic, while not giving yourself too much time.
F. I have made a list of four habits of helping you set goals and realize them.
G. The more focused you are on one goal, the higher chance you have of success.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了四个习惯来帮助人们设定目标并实现它们。
【16题详解】
上文“Nobody would like to experience failure. We all want to succeed. For those who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to understand. (没有人愿意经历失败。我们都想成功。对于那些尝试过但失败过的人来说，成功似乎很难理解)”提出成功不是容易的事情，结合下文对四种方法的介绍推知，空处内容应承上启下。选项F“我列出了四个习惯来帮助你设定目标并实现它们”符合题意。故选F项。
【17题详解】
本段小标题和上文“Know your values. Finding your values is in line with creating motivation. (了解你的价值观。找到你的价值观与创造动机是一致的)”说明了解自己的价值观的重要性，选项C“坐下来，看看你最看重什么”承接上文，介绍了解自己价值观的具体做法，引出下文“Pick a handful of things and write them down. Remind yourself of your values every day and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.(挑选一些东西并把它们写下来。每天提醒自己你的价值观，看看你是否在工作中尊重了这些价值观)”继续介绍了解自己价值观的做法。选项中what you value most和上文your values以及下文中your values语义一致，逻辑合理。故选C项。
【18题详解】
空处为小标题。根据下文“Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement, while adjusting well to your values. If you want to achieve your goal, focus is the key here. (选择一个目标，开始一件足够大的事情，让你有成就感，同时很好地适应你的价值观。如果你想实现你的目标，专注是关键)”可知，本段讲述要专注一个目标。B项“选择一个目标并专注于它”为最佳标题。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement, while adjusting well to your values. If you want to achieve your goal, focus is the key here.(选择一个目标，开始一件足够大的事情，让你有成就感，同时很好地适应你的价值观。如果你想实现你的目标，专注是关键)”可知，前文阐述专注于目标的重要性，下文“If you perform many tasks at a time, you might never finish your projects because they will take far too long.(如果你一次执行很多任务，你可能永远不会完成你的项目，因为它们会花费太长时间)”也在阐述专注一个目标的重要性，选项G“你越专注于一个目标，你成功的机会就越大”承接上文，继续强调专注于一个目标的重要性。选项中focused、goal和上文中goal 、focus呼应，语义一致。故选G项。
【20题详解】
小标题以及上文“Set a time for success. Set a date for success. Know when you hope to realize your goal.(为成功设定时间。为成功设定一个日期。知道什么时候你希望实现你的目标)”都在说明为成功设立时间期限的重要性，选项E“保持现实，但不要给自己太多的时间”承接上文，继续说明虽然要保持现实，但对成功要有时间限制。选项中don’t give yourself too much time和上文中Set a time及Set a date语义相关，逻辑合理。故选E项。
二、完型填空。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Carter Ries is 16 years old and has been running the non-profit organisation, One More Generation, with his sister Olivia since 2009. Together these two young change-makers are working to ___21___ youth around the world to stand up, be heard, and ___22___ the planet.
Carter said in a 2017 interview, “My sister and I have been doing this for the last eight years and not once have we wanted to ___23___ One More Generation. There have been arguments and stress, but the reason we continue to ___24___ is that we motivate each other.
“Olivia and I go around the world ___25___ youth groups about the need to save our planet — and so far we have ___26___ shown many of these groups that anything is possible if you are ___27___ to work at it.
“We have created many campaigns — such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program — where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment. Another ___28___ is our Rhino (犀牛) Letter Writing Campaign, where we got over 10,000 kids from around the world to ___29___ letters to the South African government, asking them to ___30___ rhino poaching ( 偷猎). Not only did this show the South African government that people around the world ___31___, it also showed the youth that they had a voice of ___32___ and can use it on the go. The most ___33___ thing, however, is getting them to believe that.
“We recently launched a global OneLessStraw Pledge Campaign — highlighting the effects of global straw ___34___ on animals and the environment. We want to deliver a strong ___35___, ‘Anybody can make a difference ... if we can, so can you!’”
21. A. employ B. inspire C. remind D. force
22. A. explore B. study C. preserve D. observe
23. A. quit B. lose C. finish D. choose
24. A. stand by B. push on C. show off D. slow down
25. A. questioning B. warning C. asking D. teaching
26 A. gradually B. finally C. successfully D. fortunately
27. A. afraid B. willing C. free D. unable
28. A. experience B. struggle C. example D. research
29. A. write B. deliver C. edit D. bring
30. A. photograph B. introduce C. document D. stop
31. A. doubted B. noticed C. suffered D. cared
32. A. change B. reason C. truth D. authority
33. A. embarrassing B. interesting C. enjoyable D. difficult
34. A. purchase B. prohibition C. usage D. transportation
35. A. suggestion B. message C. topic D. lecture
【答案】21 B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述16岁的卡特·里斯(Carter Ries)，自2009年以来一直和妹妹奥利维亚一起经营非营利组织One More Generation来保护地球的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位年轻的变革者正在共同努力，激励世界各地的年轻人站起来，表达自己的声音，保护地球。A. employ 雇佣；B.inspire 激励；C.remind提醒； D.force迫使。根据“youth around the world to stand up, be heard, ”可知，这是在激励年轻人们。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位年轻的变革者正在共同努力，激励世界各地的年轻人站起来，表达自己的声音，保护地球。A. explore探索； B.study学习； C.preserve 保护； D.observe观察。根据“Olivia and I go around the world 　5　　 youth groups about the need to save our planet ”可知，激励年轻人们保护地球。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡特在2017年的一次采访中表示:“我妹妹和我在过去的8年里一直在做这件事，我们从来没有想过退出又一代组织。A. quit 退出；B.lose失去； C.finish 完成；D.choose 选择。根据“There have been arguments and stress, but the reason we continue to 　　4　 is that we motivate each other.”可知，没有想过退出。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有过争论和压力，但我们继续前进的原因是我们互相激励。A. stand by 旁观；B.push on前进； C.show off 炫耀； D.slow down减慢 。根据“ we motivate each other.”可知，我们互相激励前进。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“奥利维亚和我在世界各地向青年团体宣传拯救地球的必要性。到目前为止，我们已经成功地向许多青年团体表明，只要你愿意为之努力，一切皆有可能。”A. questioning 质问；B.warning警告； C.asking 询问；D. teaching教授 。根据“where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment.”可知，这是教给青年团体。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经成功地向许多青年团体表明，只要你愿意为之努力，一切皆有可能。”A. gradually逐渐； B.finally 最后；C.successfully 成功；D.fortunately幸运地。根据“We have created many campaigns ”可知，她们已经成功宣传。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经成功地向许多青年团体表明，只要你愿意为之努力，一切皆有可能。”A. afraid害怕的； B.willing 乐意的；C.free 免费的；D.unable 不能的。根据“anything is possible”可知，只要愿意，一切皆有可能。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛书信写作运动，我们有超过1万名来自世界各地的孩子写信给南非政府，要求他们停止犀牛偷猎。A. experience 经历；B.struggle挣扎； C.example 例子；D.research研究 。根据“ such as our Plastic and Recycling Awareness Week program ”可知，这是又一个例子。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛书信写作运动，我们有超过1万名来自世界各地的孩子写信给南非政府，要求他们停止犀牛偷猎。A. write 书写；B.deliver 运送； C.edit编辑； D.bring带来。根据“our Rhino (犀牛) Letter Writing Campaign”可知，这是在给非洲政府写信。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是我们的犀牛书信写作运动，我们有超过1万名来自世界各地的孩子写信给南非政府，要求他们停止犀牛偷猎。A. photograph 拍照片；B.introduce 介绍；C.document 记录；D.stop停止。根据“where we teach students how they can learn to help our environment.”可知，环保的另一个例子是请求政府停止偷猎犀牛。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅向南非政府展示了世界各地人民的关心，也向年轻人展示了他们有改变的声音，并且可以随时使用。A. doubted 怀疑；B.noticed注意到； C.suffered遭受； D.cared 关心。根据“where we got over 10,000 kids from around the world to 　　　 letters to the South African government, asking them to 　　10　　 rhino poaching ( 偷猎).”可知，这是大家对保护犀牛的关心。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅向南非政府展示了世界各地人民的关心，也向年轻人展示了他们有改变的声音，并且可以随时使用。A. change改变； B.reason 原因；C.truth真相； D.authority权威 。根据“where we got over 10,000 kids from around the world to 　　　 letters to the South African government, asking them to 　　10　　 rhino poaching ( 偷猎).”可知，这是想要改变的心声。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，最困难的事情是让他们相信这一点。A. embarrassing尴尬的； B. interesting有意思的； C. enjoyable 享受的； D.difficult 困难的。根据“however, is getting them to believe that.”可知，表示转折，让人们相信这一点很难。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们最近发起了一项全球 OneLessStraw承诺运动，强调全球秸秆使用对动物和环境的影响。A. purchase购买； B. prohibition禁止； C.usage使用； D.transportation运输 。根据“on animals and the environment. ”可知，麦秸使用会对动物和环境有影响。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们希望传递一个强烈的信息，‘任何人都可以改变世界……如果我们可以，你也可以!’”。A.suggestion建议； B.message信息； C.topic 主题；D.lecture讲座。根据“ and so far we have 　　6　 shown many of these groups that anything is possible ”可知，这是她们想要传递的信息。故选B。
三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year, tree species ___36___ (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward. But ___37___ recent survey shows the trend toward westward movement is even ___38___ (strong) than expected — in some cases, species have shifted their ranges to west by as much as 73 percent.
The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species ___39___ (survey) have shifted their population centers westward ___40___ 1980.
Obviously, trees aren’t uprooting ___41___ (them) and moving elsewhere. The survey provides insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land, while some of the older ___42___ (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out. In this way, the center of a species, range can gradually shift over time.
Though scientists aren’t sure ___43___ is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall. Rainfall totals across the United States have changed,___44___ (cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually, while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average. For this reason, most trees are moving toward the ___45___ (increasing) watery plains.
【答案】36. are expected
37. a 38. stronger
39. surveyed
40. since 41. themselves
42. plants 43. what
44. causing
45. increasingly
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科普类文章。本文主要讲述由于季节性气温的变化，树种也在向北转移来适应这些变化。调查显示大约有3/4的树种向西迁移，移到西部的小树继续生根而东部的古老植物却在慢慢地灭绝。尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这一变化，但已出版的研究认为它与降雨有关。
【36题详解】
考查语态。分析句子tree species ___1___ (expect) to adapt to the changes可知，本句中的expect的宾语是tree species，故本句中要用被动语态。因为expect sb/sth. to do…，而sth/sb. be expected，故本空要填are expected。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但最近的一项调查显示了….，分析句子可知，本空指的数量， “一”故填a.
【38题详解】
考查比较级。根据…is even __3___ (strong) than expected…可知，本空是作系动词is 的表语。根据than,可知，要用比较级，本空要填形容词的比较级（stronger），故填stronger。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语。所做的调查显示，大约86个被调查的树木中有四分之三的树种它们的中心移到了西部。分析句子可知，本句中的tree species是被调查，所以要用过去分词 surveyed作后置定语。故填surveyed。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：调查显示，自从1980，被调查的86个树种中，大约有四分之三的树种从西部移到了西部。本句中用了现在完成时，可知连词用since（自从）+过去的时间状语，主句用现在完成时。故填since.
【41题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：树木本身不会把它们自己（themselves）拔出来移动到别的地方。分析语境可知，树木把它们自己（themselves）拔出来，故填themselves
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：而东部地区的一些古老植物物种正在慢慢灭绝。根据some of the older …，可知应该是植物的复数plants。故填plants.
【43题详解】
考查名词从句。分析句子Though scientists aren’t sure ___8___ is causing this change可知，本句中sure后所带的从句中缺少主语。缺少主语要用 what。句意：尽管科学家们不确定是什么造成了这种变化，但研究者认为这与降雨有关。故填what.
【44题详解】
考查非谓语作结果状语。句意：美国各地的降雨总量发生了变化，导致东南部等地区每年降水量显著减少。由此可判断，前面的降雨量的变化，自然而然地导致了东南部等地共降水量的减少，是可以推断出的结果，要用动词的ing形式作状语的，故填causing.
【45题详解】
考查副词作状语修饰形容词。分析most trees are moving toward the ___10___ (increasing) watery plains.句子可知，本句中的increasing作状语修饰形容词watety。修饰形容词要用副词形式，而increasing是形容词，因此要用其副词形式increasingly。
【点睛】非谓语作结果状语
1.分词结构作结果状语，其动作伴随谓语动词而产生的是自然结果（前面可加thus）。
例：He died, leaving his wife with five children.
2.分词结构作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果。
例：The police opened fire, killing the robber.
四、应用写作（满分25分）
46. 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：
(1)短片内容：学校的发展；
(2)放映时间、地点；
(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：
(1)词数100左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Boys and girls,
I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.
It will be displayed in the School Film Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.
That’s all. Thank you.
The Students Union
June 8, 2018
【解析】
【详解】英语书面通知的时态应该以一般将来时为主，多使用被动语态、简单句。在通知中不应当过度的使用较复杂的词语和读起来拗口的句子。
第二个注意点：层次一定要清晰，一个层次要表达一件事情，使人看起来一目了然。
五、读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the middle of the day with the bright sun, blue sky, green grass, and a soft breeze (微风). It was a great day to play outside and the best day of my life because I got a new ball and a new bike as my sixth birthday presents, and I was visiting my cousin, Kristy, at her house.
“Here I go!” shouted David while kicking my new ball. David lived next door and was older than me. I thought he was a wild child, but he was actually very kind. The ball went flying as if it were going to space. “That was high!” Kristy said in surprise and we went after the ball. We all had a great time.
Later we had supper and the food my aunt made was good. While Kristy was helping do the dishes, David and I ran outside to play. We started taking turns riding my bike. David suggested that we ride it to the forest. And I agreed. David and I got on the bike and David started riding fast.
As we rode through the forest, I felt the wind brushing my face. It felt so great and free. Suddenly the bike hit a fallen branch and we went flying off the bike. Lying on the ground, I felt dizzy (眩晕的). I checked myself for injuries and saw some but they didn’t upset me.
“David!” I shouted out anxiously.
“Hey,” said a voice. I turned my head and it was David, who was standing behind me, holding my broken bike. At the sight of my disabled bike, I was so sad that I couldn’t hold back my tears. It took David some time to calm me down.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When we realized it was time to walk home, we found ourselves lost.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was completely dark when we saw fireworks (烟花) being set off in the distance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】When we realized it was time to walk home, we found ourselves lost. It was getting darker and darker. I felt so scared that tears rolled down my face again. David tried to comfort me. He told me that he once made some marks on the trees in the forest, which might help us find the way home. Therefore, we made efforts to look for the marks but failed. Having walked anxiously for about an hour in the forest, we didn’t find our way out.
It was completely dark when we saw fireworks (烟花) being set off in the distance. We ran excitedly in that direction as fast as possible. Soon we found my aunt’s house, in front of which my cousin Kristy was holding some fireworks and lighting them. Seeing us back safe, Kristy cheerfully hugged us. She told us that when noticing we had been away for long, she was concerned about our safety. She set off fireworks to draw our attention and guide us. It was an unforgettable experience. Without David’s comfort and Kristy’s fireworks, I would have lost in the forest forever.
【解析】
【分析】文章以人物为线索，讲述了作者在他六岁生日时候收到新的礼物并且带着礼物去拜访他的姑姑，在他姑姑家遇到另外一个男孩并且一起玩耍时候的遭遇。
【详解】1.段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“当我们意识到我们该回家的时候，发现我们迷路了。”可知，第一段可描写我们迷路了，设法去寻找回家的路的过程。
由第二段首句内容“当我们看到远处燃放的烟花时，天已经完全黑了。”可知，第二段可描写我们借助烟花找到回家的方向，最终回到家的过程。
2.续写线索：害怕——努力寻找回家的路——看到烟花找到方向——回到家——真相大白——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①尽力安慰：try to comfort/attempt to relieve
②.吸引注意：draw one’s attention/attract one’s attention
③.引导：guide/direct/lead
情绪类
①.害怕：scared/frightened/
②.高兴：cheerfully/joyfully/happily/merrily
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I felt so scared that tears rolled down my face again.（由so…that引导状语从句）
[高分句型2]. So he climbed up the levee towards John slowly, who was ready to help. （由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Having walked anxiously for about an hour in the forest, we didn’t find our way out.（现在分词作状语）