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精品解析：2023届广东省广州市荔湾区广州市协和中学高三下学期一模英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：2023届广东省广州市荔湾区广州市协和中学高三下学期一模英语试题（解析版），共18页。试卷主要包含了 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022学年第二学期高三年级综合训练
英 语
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第 Ⅰ 卷(满分65分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer Course 2023
Oxford is known as a world-renowned centre of learning and research. Taking a summercourse in Oxford with Oxford Summer Courses will give you the opportunity to study at one of the world’s most prestigious universities, learn from expert tutors, and be a part of a vibrant academic community.
Oxford subjects
We offer more than 40 different subjects for students aged 13 to 24, covering a diverse selection of subjects. This means that you will always find a course that can meet your academic goals and personal interests. Our 1 or 2-week courses are taught by expert tutors using world-class methodologies.
The Experience
You’ll have time to explore Oxford for yourself, as well as develop new friendships for the future, and there’s an action-packed programme of social activities, field trips and excursions to help bring your learning to life. We might even head to London for the day.
Accommodation
All of the accommodation in Oxford is based within the beautiful buildings that can date back to the 13th century, presenting a real sense of the traditional university. Although the bedrooms have been modernised, they remain in keeping with charm of the college surroundings. The room accommodates full-time students during term time. We are able to offer twin or single bedroom with either shared or private bathroom facilities.
Food and catering
You will get the chance to eat at a range of Oxford’s best restaurants and cafes, and on Friday evenings, you can attend the Friday halls where you can expect an excellent dining experience, as students and staff celebrate the achievements of the week together. Usually followed by a traditional party and graduation ceremony, it really is an experience of a lifetime, so don’t forget your cameras!
Apply now if you want to learn the Oxford way this summer.
1. Who are the intended readers?
A. Students curious about Oxford. B. Visiting experts in Britain.
C. Exchange students in Oxford University. D. People planning to tour around London.
2. How is the accommodation in Oxford different?
A. The bedrooms look very modern.
B. Students can enjoy historical atmosphere.
C. Participants can live with full-time students.
D. Students need to share bathrooms with others.
3. What can summer course students gain in the Friday halls?
A. A photo of Oxford scenery. B. A dinner in the best cafe.
C. A graduation party. D. An academic achievement.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年牛津大学的夏季课程，包括科目、体验活动、住宿、餐饮说明。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Taking a summercourse in Oxford with Oxford Summer Courses will give you the opportunity to study at one of the world’s most prestigious universities, learn from expert tutors, and be a part of a vibrant academic community. (参加牛津大学夏季课程将使您有机会在世界上最负盛名的大学之一学习，向专家导师学习，并成为充满活力的学术社区的一部分。)”可知，这个广告针对那些对牛津大学（Oxford University）感兴趣的学生。故选A项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Accommodation的“All of the accommodation in Oxford is based within the beautiful buildings that can date back to the 13th century, presenting a real sense of the traditional university. (牛津大学所有的住宿都位于美丽的建筑内，这些建筑可以追溯到13世纪，呈现出真正意义上的传统大学。)”可知，牛津大学宿舍提供的住宿具有历史特色的，学生可以享受历史氛围。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Food and catering的“You will get the chance to eat at a range of Oxford’s best restaurants and cafes, and on Friday evenings, you can attend the Friday halls where you can expect an excellent dining experience, as students and staff celebrate the achievements of the week together. Usually followed by a traditional party and graduation ceremony，it really is an experience of a lifetime, so don’t forget your cameras! (你将有机会在牛津最好的餐厅和咖啡馆用餐，在周五晚上，你可以参加周五大厅，在那里你可以期待一个很好的用餐体验，因为学生和工作人员一起庆祝一周的成就。通常接下来是传统的派对和毕业典礼，这真的是一生中的难忘经历，所以别忘了带上你的相机！)”可知，每周五会有Friday halls晚会，可以庆祝一周的学习成果，并举行传统的晚会和毕业典礼。故选C项。
B
When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change?
Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order.
Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt.
But you don’t have to go beyond the Arctic Circle to witness such animal coat changes. White-tailed deer are reddish-brown in the summertime but when the days start getting shorter, their bodies switch to a light-gray in preparation for winter. While this helps the animals blend in with their changing backgrounds, there’s a much more important shift taking place.
Deer actually have two layers of fur. The top coat is full of what scientists call “guard hairs”, which are longer and sometimes hollow. But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime.
When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. A deer’s summer coat does not have underfur, so there’s a lot of airflow, which is basically deer air conditioning.
4. Why do some animals change colors with the seasons?
A. To hide their tracks. B. To cover their presence.
C. To adapt to the lower temperature. D. To contrast with their backgrounds.
5. How does deer’s underfur make deer warm?
A. By guarding the top skin temperature. B. By stopping the airflow in their fur.
C. By storing much energy and nutrition. D. By adding the thickness of the top fur.
6. What do we know about deer in summer?
A. They lose their underfur. B. They feel overheated easily.
C They migrate out of Arctic Circle. D. Their gray fur help them stay safe.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. The habits’ of Arctic animals.
B. Animals’ strange behaviors in winter.
C. Animals’ adjustment to season change.
D. The warmth-keeping function of animal fur.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt. (当冬天来临时，许多动物会改变颜色。雪鞋兔和北极狐就是这样的动物，它们在夏天是灰色或棕色的，但在温度下降时就会变成纯白色。新的外表可以帮助它们躲避捕食者和猎物。)”可知，有些动物之所以随着季节改变颜色是为了帮助自己躲避捕食者和猎物。也就是说这些动物改变皮毛的颜色是为了不被发现。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime. (但在它们下面，有一层更厚的绒毛。这就是鹿的皮毛具有保暖价值的原因。皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热。这就是让鹿在冬天保持温暖的原因。)”可知，鹿的皮毛之所以能使鹿温暖是因为这些皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热，而这些皮毛会使得空气不会释放出来，从而使鹿可以保持温暖。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. (当世界在春天再次开始变暖时，鹿会脱掉所有的皮毛，因为留着皮毛会让它们冒着过热的风险——这和冻死一样危险。)”可知，鹿在夏天会将皮毛褪去。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change? (幸运的是，当早晨天气变冷时，人们可以穿上一件暖和的夹克或外套。但是你有没有想过，当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的？)”以及第二段“Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order. (动物们在冬天基本上有三种选择。他们要么离开，也就是迁徙。它们可以进行某种冬眠。或者它们可以全年都很活跃。当然，对于鹿和其他使用第三种选择的哺乳动物来说，换一换衣服是顺理成章的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了动物在面对季节变化时是如何应对的。故选C。
C
Although social media can be enjoyable and beneficial, online relationships simply cannot replace real life connection. But simply being in the flesh with someone does not make a lasting, meaningful relationship, which got me thinking: what, exactly, does? My search to answer this question took me back more than 2,000 years to Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics. What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then.
Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship:
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY, in which one or both of the parties gain something as a result of the friendship (think: much of the modern “networking” enterprise, or becoming friends with someone because you think they can help you).
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE, or those centered around pleasant experiences (think: people with whom you can have a good, carefree time).
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE, in which both individuals share the same values (think: people whom you admire and respect, and with whom you share what you find most important in life).
It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change.
Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.”
It’s OK to have some friendships mainly for utility and pleasure, but it’s important to realize that these fill a different purpose and are likely to have a shorter lifespan than one built upon shared virtue. And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship” -- but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.
8. What is the author’s attitude towards Aristotle’s grouping of friendship?
A Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
9. How does the author illustrate Aristotle’s three kinds of friendship?
A. By giving examples. B. By offering instructions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions.
10. Why can’t friendship based on utility and pleasure last long?
A. Because there are always other friends around.
B. Because people only consider their own benefits.
C. Because people’s pursuit is not always the same.
D. Because different people make friends for different reasons.
11. According to Aristotle, how can one keep a longer friendship?
A. Spend face-to-face time with your friends.
B. Keep talking to the ones with shared values.
C. Value the advantages you get out of a friend.
D. Create a pleasant atmosphere for a conversation.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要分析了基于不同利益的友谊，认为只有建立在美德的友谊才值得保护和珍惜。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then.(我的发现非常有见地，在今天听起来和当时一样正确。)”可知，作者认为亚里士多德对友谊的见地今天听起来和当时一样的正确，结合倒数第三段中的“It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change.(有趣的是，几个世纪前，亚里士多德提出许多人追求友谊主要是为了功利。很容易看出，有些事情永远不会改变。)”可知，亚里士多德提出的友谊的目的主要是为了功利，作者认为这是永远不会改变的，由此可以推断，作者多亚里士多德对友谊的看法是支持的态度。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship(亚里士多德写道，有三种不同的友谊)”以及下文中的“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY(基于效用的友谊)”、“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE(基于快乐的友谊)”以及“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE(基于美德的友谊)”可知，作者列举了亚里士多德的三种不同的友谊并进行简单的分析，由此可推断，作者是通过举例子来阐述亚里士多德的三种友谊。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.”(同样地，他写道：“爱的人是为了自己的好处，爱的人是为了自己的快乐。然而，人们觉得有用或愉快的东西，不是永久的，而是一直在变化的;因此，当友谊的原因消失了，友谊也就消失了。”。)”可知，基于利益和快乐的友谊不是永恒的而是多变的，所以，利益和快乐消失的时候，友谊也就消失了。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship” -- but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.(而建立在美德基础上的友谊才是值得保护和珍惜的。但它们需要相当大的精力来维持——正如亚里士多德所写的那样，“缺乏交谈已经毁掉了许多友谊”——但你从这些友谊中获得的东西很容易就超过了你投入的东西。)”可知，认为只有基于美德的友谊值得珍惜和拥有，缺乏交流破坏了友谊，所以，要想保持长久的友谊，需要的是与有共同价值观的人进行交流。故选B项。
D
What might be the global impact of extreme losses of the Amazon rainforest — the world’s largest rainforest? A new study has found that rapid deforestation of the Amazon rainforest could influence the temperature and rainfall over as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
Saini Yang at Beijing Normal University in China and her colleagues analysed global climatological data from 1979 to 2019 to identify correlations in temperature and rainfall between the Amazon rainforest and other areas. Such links are called “teleconnections(遥相关)”.
They focused on the Amazon rainforest in particular because of its significance as a major carbon sink and as a climatic “tipping point(临界点)” that could see forests turn to tropical grasslands beyond a certain limit of warming and human-driven deforestation.
The researchers found that since 1979, warm temperatures in the Amazon was associated with warm temperatures over the Tibetan plateau and the West Antarctic ice sheet; more rainfall in the Amazon was relevant to less rainfall in those regions.
By analysing changing temperatures in the regions between the Amazon and those distant areas, they were also able to trace the path through which energy or materials such as black carbon released in forest fire might propagate through the atmosphere. Their analysis showed the route remained consistent under different future warming circumstances.
The collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet is a known tipping point. Melting snow on the Tibetan plateau is not, but the region is warming more rapidly than much of the rest of the globe, and changes to snow and ice there could have consequences for ecosystems and the billions of people that rely on its snowmelt for water.
“If the Amazon does have an influence on these regions, it could mean there is a higher risk the Amazon tipping point might set others off”, says Jothan at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. “It adds an additional potential domino that can fall.”
12. How did the study identify teleconnections?
A. By recording temperature and rainfall.
B. By finding the similarities between regions.
C. By examining previous data on global climate.
D. By analysing climatological data of the Amazon.
13. The underlined word “propagate” in paragraph 5 probably means “________”.
A. spread B. absorb C. launch D. switch
14. What Jothan suggests about the Amazon?
A. It is now at a higher risk of disappearing.
B. It indeed has an effect on the two regions.
C. Deforestation is caused by human activities.
D. The tipping point might cause a chain reaction.
15. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Changes within the Amazon.
B. The Amazon at a tipping point.
C. The Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
D. Global impacts of the Amazon deforestation.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Saini Yang at Beijing Normal University in China and her colleagues analysed global climatological data from 1979 to 2019 to identify correlations in temperature and rainfall between the Amazon rainforest and other areas. Such links are called ‘teleconnections(遥相关)’.（中国北京师范大学的Saini Yang和她的同事分析了1979年至2019年的全球气候数据，以确定亚马逊雨林与其他地区之间的温度和降雨量之间的相关性。这种连接被称为‘远距连接’）”可知，该研究是通过检查先前的全球气候数据来确定远程联系的，故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段“By analysing changing temperatures in the regions between the Amazon and those distant areas, they were also able to trace the path through which energy or materials such as black carbon released in forest fire might propagate through the atmosphere. Their analysis showed the route remained consistent under different future warming circumstances.（通过分析亚马逊地区和那些遥远地区之间的温度变化，他们还能够追踪森林火灾释放的能量或物质(如黑碳)在大气中propagate 的途径。他们的分析表明，在未来不同的变暖环境下，这条路线保持一致。）”可知，森林火灾会释放能量或物质，在大气中传播。划线词是spread“扩散”的意思，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If the Amazon does have an influence on these regions, it could mean there is a higher risk the Amazon tipping point might set others off’, says Jothan at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. ‘It adds an additional potential domino that can fall.’（德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰说:“如果亚马逊确实对这些地区有影响，这可能意味着亚马逊临界点引发其他地区爆发的风险更高。这又增加了一块可能倒下的多米诺骨牌。”）”可知，约翰认为亚马逊的临界点可能会引起连锁反应，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“What might be the global impact of extreme losses of the Amazon rainforest — the world’s largest rainforest? A new study has found that rapid deforestation of the Amazon rainforest could influence the temperature and rainfall over as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.（世界上最大的热带雨林——亚马逊雨林的极端损失可能会对全球产生什么影响?一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。）”以及下文的分析解释可知，本文主要讲述了亚马逊森林砍伐对全球的影响。D选项符合最佳标题，故选D。
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities and it’s one that many of us psychologists find fascinating. Collecting hundreds or even thousands of postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever, takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to much more productive use. And yet there are millions of collectors around the world. ____16____
There are the people who collect because they want to make money. They’ll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit. ____17____ Buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement. And as selling online is so easy, more and more people are joining in.
Many collectors collect to develop their social life. ____18____ This is a variant on joining a bridge club or a gym, and similarly brings them into contact with like-minded people.
Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this. ____19____ There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone.
____20____ Stamp collecting, for example, opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. Similarly, many collectors collect fossils, animals and plants from around the globe, and their collections provided a vast amount of information about the natural world. Without those collections, our understanding would be greatly reduced.
A. Why do they do it?
B. But there may well be a psychological element, too.
C. Another potential reason for it is its educational value.
D. A particular example is a rare early recording by a particular singer.
E. A psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control.
F. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless.
G. They attend meetings of groups collectors and exchange information on items.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要对“收集”这一爱好进行了说明。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Collecting hundreds or even thousands of postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever, takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to much more productive use. And yet there are millions of collectors around the world.( 收集数百甚至数千张明信片、巧克力包装纸或其他任何东西都需要时间、精力和金钱，而这些肯定可以用于更高效的用途。然而，世界各地仍有数以百万计的收藏家)”可知上文提出了一种矛盾现象，下文要对这种现象表达疑问并解释，与A项“Why do they do it?( 他们为什么这么做？)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement.(低买高卖可以给收藏家一种成就感)”可知此处上下文说的是心理因素，与B项“But there may well be a psychological element, too(但很可能也有心理因素)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Many collectors collect to develop their social life(许多收藏家为了发展他们的社交生活而收藏)”可知此处上下文说的是收藏与社交活动的关系，与G项“They attend meetings of groups collectors and exchange information on items(他们参加团体收藏家会议，并就物品交换信息)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There are the people who collect because they want to make money.( 有些人收集是因为他们想赚钱)”、“Many collectors collect to develop their social life(许多收藏家为了发展他们的社交生活而收藏)”以及“Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this(有些人可能一生都在寻找这个)”可知，很多人收藏是有目标的，与F项“Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless.( 从心理学上讲，这会给一种没有目标的生活带来一个目标)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
20题详解】
根据下文“Stamp collecting, for example, opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. Similarly, many collectors collect fossils, animals and plants from around the globe, and their collections provided a vast amount of information about the natural world(例如，集邮为其他国家以及邮票上的植物、动物或名人打开了一扇窗户。同样，许多收藏家从世界各地收集化石、动物和植物，他们的收藏提供了大量关于自然世界的信息)”可知此处上下文说的是收藏的潜在教育价值，与C项“Another potential reason for it is its educational value(另一个潜在的原因是它的教育价值)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Almost eight years ago, Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular waterfront view in his town. He called it ‘life ________’ because watching a sunrise made him feel centered before starting his day.
A year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that ________ his view on his daily ritual. She said, “Every morning when I see you ________ here, I know that everything is going to be ________.” That’s when Nixon knew he needed to ________ the people walking past, making eye contact and letting people know that they ________ to each other.
Nixon, 59, was happy to listen. He wanted them to walk away knowing they didn’t have to feel ________. A lot of people felt their life purpose hadn’t been fulfilled in their 50s or 60s. “And at my age, this is definitely my ________.”
So, every morning, weather ________, Nixon, rises at 4:30 a.m. and stays at the waterfront for two hours. His presence, ________ to listen, and kindness toward strangers, have led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor.
He remembers the day a woman stopped and said, “I just want to ________ here with you,” Then they stared at the water for an hour before she said thank you and walked away. And in that moment of ________, she truly wasn’t alone.
41. A. feeding B. rising C. struggling D. remembering
42. A. explained B. formed C. divided D. changed
43. A. sitting B. playing C. thinking D. returning
44. A. funny B. lively C. fine D. serious
45. A. talk to B. stare at C. look forward to D. pay attention to
46. A. mattered B. explained C. stuck D. referred
47. A. deep B. friendlily C. straight D. relaxedly
48. A. friendships B. conversations C. fears D. memories
49. A. advice B. help C. action D. change
50. A. strange B. embarrassed C. hopeless D. alone
51. A. career B. life C. interest D. purpose
52. A. permitting B. improving C. changing D. delaying
53. A. trust B. openness C. opportunity D. refusal
54. A. chat B. fish C. sit D. wander
55. A. peace B. delight C. doubt D. communication
第 Ⅱ 卷(满分55分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Those who live by the mountains profit from mountains, and those who live by the water profit from water.” The Chinese ____21____(novel) Feng Menglong wrote in his collection Stories Awaken the World in the 17th century, ____22____(summarize) Chinese people’s attitude toward food. China’s southeastern coastal areas can add the sea to ____23____ list.
A common and affordable eat is oyster omelet, known as o-a-tsian of southeastern Fujian province, a street dish that ____24____(combine) the fruits of the sea and the land-oysters, eggs and starch. Visitors to Fujian, Taiwan and the Chaoshan region, can find o-a-tsian in street stalls ____25____ early morning till late night.
Although it’s a mystery ____26____ local residents invented this dish, some vivid folktales give it a fanciful aura. One of them said Zheng Chenggong came up with the idea of deep frying the oysters coated with sweet potato starch ____27____(feed) his army when the Dutch cut off their supply of rice, saving them from hunger and eventually driving the Dutch out.
____28____(recipe) for a o-a-tsian vary in Fujian, Taiwan and Chaoshan. When immigrants from these areas moved to some Southeast Asian countries, the dish ____29____(adapt) with local ingredients. ____30____ each version of o-a-tsian always includes small oysters covered with sweet potato starch and egg batter.
【答案】21. novelist
22. summarizing
23. the 24. combines
25. from 26. how
27. to feed
28. Recipes
29. was adapted
30. But
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建东南部的常见且经济实惠的蚵仔煎的起源、发展。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国小说家冯梦龙在17世纪的《醒世恒言》写道，“靠山吃山，靠水吃水。”，总结了中国人对食物的态度。空前为The Chinese，Feng Menglong为同位语，设空处应用名词novelist，意为“小说家”，作主语。故填：novelist。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国小说家冯梦龙在17世纪的《醒世恒言》写道，“靠山吃山，靠水吃水。”，总结了中国人对食物的态度。此处谓语为wrote，设空处为非谓语动词，summarize与逻辑主语“Those who live by the mountains profit from mountains, and those who live by the water profit from water.”为主谓关系，应用现在分词summarizing，作状语。故填 summarizing。
【23题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国东南沿海地区可以把大海也列入名单。此处为特指，指的是中国不同地区的人们赖以生存和食物来源的自然资源清单，应用定冠词the。故填：the。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：一种常见且经济实惠的食品是牡蛎煎蛋，也称为福建东南部的蚵仔煎，这是一道街头美食，结合了海洋和陆地的美味——牡蛎、鸡蛋和淀粉。设空处在限制性定语从句中，先行词为a street dish，为单数，在从句中作主语，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词为第三人称单数，故填combines。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：游客在福建、台湾和潮汕地区可以在街边小摊从早到晚找到蚵仔煎。此处考查介词短语from early morning till late night，意为“从清晨到深夜，从早到晚”，设空处应用介词from。故填from。
【26题详解】
考查连接词。句意：虽然当地居民是如何发明这道菜的是个谜，但一些生动的民间故事给它增添了一种奇特的色彩。根据句意，it为形式主语，设空处应用how引导主语从句，表方式、方法、手段，引出当地居民发明这道菜的方式或方法，故填：how。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个故事说，当荷兰人切断了他们的大米供应时，郑成功想出了一个主意，把裹上红薯淀粉的牡蛎油炸，以养活他的军队，使他们免于饥饿，最终将荷兰人赶了出去。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填：to feed。
【28题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：福建、台湾和潮汕的蚵仔煎食谱各不相同。谓语动词为vary，动词原形，主语用名词复数，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填：Recipes。
【29题详解】
考查时态、语态。句意：当这些地区的移民移居到一些东南亚国家时，这道菜会根据当地的食材进行改良。时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，adapt与逻辑主语the dish之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数，助动词为was。故填：was adapted。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是，每个版本的蚵仔煎都包括用红薯淀粉和蛋糊覆盖的小蚵仔。此处与上文为转折关系，应用转折连词but，设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填：But。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(共1题，满分15分)
31. 假定你是李华，你的外国友人David对历史文化很感兴趣，计划到你所在城市旅游，请你写信为他推荐一个景点，内容包括：
1. 景点介绍；
2. 推荐原因。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to know that you are interested in my hometown and will pay a visit to it in the summer holiday. Here I’d like to tell you something about it.
Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China. Although Changchun is a new city with only about 200 years of history, she is a very influential regional center city in China with high degree openness and advanced science and education now. I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city and scientific and technological city.
I’m looking forward to meeting you and I’d like to show you around the city!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇作文属于应用文。现要求考生写邮件给外国友人David推荐你所在城市的一个景点，其中内容包括介绍景点，推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的： glad →delighted
位于：be located in→be situated in
虽然： although→though/while
想要做某事： would like to→feel like doing
2简单句变复合句
原句：Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
拓展句：Changchun City, which is the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
【点睛】.[高分句型1]I’m glad to know that you are interested in my hometown and will pay a visit to it in the summer holiday.(运用that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city andscientific and technological city.(运用了because引导的状语从句)
第二节 读后续写(共1题，满分25分)
32. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My first marathon. It’s pouring rain, my legs were cold, and I was wishing I hadn’t been too nervous to eat a bigger breakfast. “There were tables of chocolate bars every mile at my last marathon,” Dad says.
Suddenly everyone around us starts moving. Way up ahead I see smoke from the cannon. I can’t believe we hadn’t heard it. It took ages to reach the starting line. Our marathon started.
Soon Dad started to slow down. After only a mile, I overtook everyone in sight. And Dad was way behind with his left leg cramped(抽筋).
I soon reached mile 5, and I was feeling good. I still hadn’t seen a chocolate bar anywhere. Maybe they didn’t have them! Instead, the streets were lined with fast-food places. But there were lines of runners at every shop.
By mile 10, my legs felt good but I was starving. How I wish I hadn’t just had one piece of toast for breakfast! It’s raining so hard that it hurt. My hands stung from the cold. I took a power gel out of pocket and tried to open it, but my hands were so cold they felt as if they were frozen into fists. On the balconies people yelled and waved to me. That cheered me up a bit.
Then I ran past mile 13, the halfway checkpoint. Up ahead I could see my mum and my little brother cheering for me. Hearing my name from their cheers, I felt refreshed and kept on running.
Mile 15. I saw food at last! There were tables full of bananas. I grabbed a banana and scoffed it down. Then I ripped the power gel open. My hands had come unfroze. I squeezed the packet and filled my mouth with the gel. Chocolate would taste better.
When I reached mile 20, and I didn’t want to run another inch. Every step jarred my leg.
I started walking the next mile before Dad caught up running in an awkward way.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mile 25, we could hear the crowd at the finish line.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I started walking the next mile before Dad caught up running in an awkward way. He looked exhausted, but he smiled when he saw me. We walked and jogged together, and he told me about his previous marathons. He said that it’s not about winning, but about finishing the race. I felt grateful for his company, and we encouraged each other to keep going. The last few miles were tough, but we kept pushing ourselves.
Mile 25, we could hear the crowd at the finish line. It was a deafening roar, and it gave us a burst of energy. We looked at each other and grinned. We knew we were almost there. We could see the finish line up ahead, and our hearts were beating fast. We could hear our names being called over the loudspeaker. We picked up our pace and ran towards the finish line. When we crossed it, we hugged each other tightly. We had done it! We felt a sense of accomplishment that we had never felt before.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者人生中第一次马拉松比赛的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我开始走下一英里，不久爸爸笨拙地赶上了我。”以及第二段首句内容“25英里处，我们能听到终点线人群的声音。”可知，第一段可描写作者与自己的爸爸互相鼓励着跑马拉松。
②由第二段首句内容“25英里处，我们能听到终点线人群的声音。”可知，第二段可描写作者和爸爸互相勉励着跑完马拉松。
2.续写线索：作者由于太紧张，吃不下太多东西——作者和爸爸开始了马拉松比赛——作者的爸爸告诉作者，在路上会有巧克力提供——作者非常饿，但是一直没有看到巧克力——到了15英里处，作者补充了能量——20英里时，作者非常疲倦，再也跑不动了——作者的爸爸赶上了作者，父子二人相互鼓励着跑完了马拉松
3.词汇激活
行为类
①给予：give/offer
②知道：know/learn/realize
③加速：pick up pace/speed up
情绪类
①感激的：grateful/thankful
②感到成就感：feel a sense of accomplishment/feel a sense of achievement
【点睛】【高分句型1】He looked exhausted, but he smiled when he saw me.（运用了when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】We felt a sense of accomplishment that we had never felt before.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
2022学年第二学期高三年级综合训练
英 语
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第 Ⅰ 卷(满分65分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer Course 2023
Oxford is known as a world-renowned centre of learning and research. Taking a summercourse in Oxford with Oxford Summer Courses will give you the opportunity to study at one of the world’s most prestigious universities, learn from expert tutors, and be a part of a vibrant academic community.
Oxford subjects
We offer more than 40 different subjects for students aged 13 to 24, covering a diverse selection of subjects. This means that you will always find a course that can meet your academic goals and personal interests. Our 1 or 2-week courses are taught by expert tutors using world-class methodologies.
The Experience
You’ll have time to explore Oxford for yourself, as well as develop new friendships for the future, and there’s an action-packed programme of social activities, field trips and excursions to help bring your learning to life. We might even head to London for the day.
Accommodation
All of the accommodation in Oxford is based within the beautiful buildings that can date back to the 13th century, presenting a real sense of the traditional university. Although the bedrooms have been modernised, they remain in keeping with charm of the college surroundings. The room accommodates full-time students during term time. We are able to offer twin or single bedroom with either shared or private bathroom facilities.
Food and catering
You will get the chance to eat at a range of Oxford’s best restaurants and cafes, and on Friday evenings, you can attend the Friday halls where you can expect an excellent dining experience, as students and staff celebrate the achievements of the week together. Usually followed by a traditional party and graduation ceremony, it really is an experience of a lifetime, so don’t forget your cameras!
Apply now if you want to learn the Oxford way this summer.
1. Who are the intended readers?
A. Students curious about Oxford. B. Visiting experts in Britain.
C. Exchange students in Oxford University. D. People planning to tour around London.
2. How is the accommodation in Oxford different?
A. The bedrooms look very modern.
B. Students can enjoy historical atmosphere.
C. Participants can live with full-time students.
D. Students need to share bathrooms with others.
3. What can summer course students gain in the Friday halls?
A. A photo of Oxford scenery. B. A dinner in the best cafe.
C. A graduation party. D. An academic achievement.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年牛津大学的夏季课程，包括科目、体验活动、住宿、餐饮说明。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Taking a summercourse in Oxford with Oxford Summer Courses will give you the opportunity to study at one of the world’s most prestigious universities, learn from expert tutors, and be a part of a vibrant academic community. (参加牛津大学夏季课程将使您有机会在世界上最负盛名的大学之一学习，向专家导师学习，并成为充满活力的学术社区的一部分。)”可知，这个广告针对那些对牛津大学（Oxford University）感兴趣的学生。故选A项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Accommodation的“All of the accommodation in Oxford is based within the beautiful buildings that can date back to the 13th century, presenting a real sense of the traditional university. (牛津大学所有的住宿都位于美丽的建筑内，这些建筑可以追溯到13世纪，呈现出真正意义上的传统大学。)”可知，牛津大学宿舍提供的住宿具有历史特色的，学生可以享受历史氛围。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Food and catering的“You will get the chance to eat at a range of Oxford’s best restaurants and cafes, and on Friday evenings, you can attend the Friday halls where you can expect an excellent dining experience, as students and staff celebrate the achievements of the week together. Usually followed by a traditional party and graduation ceremony，it really is an experience of a lifetime, so don’t forget your cameras! (你将有机会在牛津最好的餐厅和咖啡馆用餐，在周五晚上，你可以参加周五大厅，在那里你可以期待一个很好的用餐体验，因为学生和工作人员一起庆祝一周的成就。通常接下来是传统的派对和毕业典礼，这真的是一生中的难忘经历，所以别忘了带上你的相机！)”可知，每周五会有Friday halls晚会，可以庆祝一周的学习成果，并举行传统的晚会和毕业典礼。故选C项。
B
When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change?
Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order.
Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt.
But you don’t have to go beyond the Arctic Circle to witness such animal coat changes. White-tailed deer are reddish-brown in the summertime but when the days start getting shorter, their bodies switch to a light-gray in preparation for winter. While this helps the animals blend in with their changing backgrounds, there’s a much more important shift taking place.
Deer actually have two layers of fur. The top coat is full of what scientists call “guard hairs”, which are longer and sometimes hollow. But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime.
When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. A deer’s summer coat does not have underfur, so there’s a lot of airflow, which is basically deer air conditioning.
4. Why do some animals change colors with the seasons?
A. To hide their tracks. B. To cover their presence.
C. To adapt to the lower temperature. D. To contrast with their backgrounds.
5. How does deer’s underfur make deer warm?
A. By guarding the top skin temperature. B. By stopping the airflow in their fur.
C. By storing much energy and nutrition. D. By adding the thickness of the top fur.
6. What do we know about deer in summer?
A. They lose their underfur. B. They feel overheated easily.
C They migrate out of Arctic Circle. D. Their gray fur help them stay safe.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. The habits’ of Arctic animals.
B. Animals’ strange behaviors in winter.
C. Animals’ adjustment to season change.
D. The warmth-keeping function of animal fur.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt. (当冬天来临时，许多动物会改变颜色。雪鞋兔和北极狐就是这样的动物，它们在夏天是灰色或棕色的，但在温度下降时就会变成纯白色。新的外表可以帮助它们躲避捕食者和猎物。)”可知，有些动物之所以随着季节改变颜色是为了帮助自己躲避捕食者和猎物。也就是说这些动物改变皮毛的颜色是为了不被发现。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime. (但在它们下面，有一层更厚的绒毛。这就是鹿的皮毛具有保暖价值的原因。皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热。这就是让鹿在冬天保持温暖的原因。)”可知，鹿的皮毛之所以能使鹿温暖是因为这些皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热，而这些皮毛会使得空气不会释放出来，从而使鹿可以保持温暖。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. (当世界在春天再次开始变暖时，鹿会脱掉所有的皮毛，因为留着皮毛会让它们冒着过热的风险——这和冻死一样危险。)”可知，鹿在夏天会将皮毛褪去。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change? (幸运的是，当早晨天气变冷时，人们可以穿上一件暖和的夹克或外套。但是你有没有想过，当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的？)”以及第二段“Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order. (动物们在冬天基本上有三种选择。他们要么离开，也就是迁徙。它们可以进行某种冬眠。或者它们可以全年都很活跃。当然，对于鹿和其他使用第三种选择的哺乳动物来说，换一换衣服是顺理成章的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了动物在面对季节变化时是如何应对的。故选C。
C
Although social media can be enjoyable and beneficial, online relationships simply cannot replace real life connection. But simply being in the flesh with someone does not make a lasting, meaningful relationship, which got me thinking: what, exactly, does? My search to answer this question took me back more than 2,000 years to Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics. What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then.
Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship:
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY, in which one or both of the parties gain something as a result of the friendship (think: much of the modern “networking” enterprise, or becoming friends with someone because you think they can help you).
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE, or those centered around pleasant experiences (think: people with whom you can have a good, carefree time).
FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE, in which both individuals share the same values (think: people whom you admire and respect, and with whom you share what you find most important in life).
It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change.
Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.”
It’s OK to have some friendships mainly for utility and pleasure, but it’s important to realize that these fill a different purpose and are likely to have a shorter lifespan than one built upon shared virtue. And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship” -- but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.
8. What is the author’s attitude towards Aristotle’s grouping of friendship?
A Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
9. How does the author illustrate Aristotle’s three kinds of friendship?
A. By giving examples. B. By offering instructions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By drawing conclusions.
10. Why can’t friendship based on utility and pleasure last long?
A. Because there are always other friends around.
B. Because people only consider their own benefits.
C. Because people’s pursuit is not always the same.
D. Because different people make friends for different reasons.
11. According to Aristotle, how can one keep a longer friendship?
A. Spend face-to-face time with your friends.
B. Keep talking to the ones with shared values.
C. Value the advantages you get out of a friend.
D. Create a pleasant atmosphere for a conversation.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要分析了基于不同利益的友谊，认为只有建立在美德的友谊才值得保护和珍惜。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What I found couldn’t be more insightful, and it rings just as true today as it must have then.(我的发现非常有见地，在今天听起来和当时一样正确。)”可知，作者认为亚里士多德对友谊的见地今天听起来和当时一样的正确，结合倒数第三段中的“It’s fascinating that, centuries ago, Aristotle offered that many individual often pursue friendships primarily for utility. And it’s easy to see that some things never change.(有趣的是，几个世纪前，亚里士多德提出许多人追求友谊主要是为了功利。很容易看出，有些事情永远不会改变。)”可知，亚里士多德提出的友谊的目的主要是为了功利，作者认为这是永远不会改变的，由此可以推断，作者多亚里士多德对友谊的看法是支持的态度。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Aristotle writes that there are three different kinds of friendship(亚里士多德写道，有三种不同的友谊)”以及下文中的“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON UTILITY(基于效用的友谊)”、“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON PLEASURE(基于快乐的友谊)”以及“FRIENDSHIPS BASED ON VIRTUE(基于美德的友谊)”可知，作者列举了亚里士多德的三种不同的友谊并进行简单的分析，由此可推断，作者是通过举例子来阐述亚里士多德的三种友谊。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Likewise, he wrote, “Those who love because of what is good for themselves, and those who love because of pleasure do so because of what is pleasant to themselves. Yet what one finds useful or pleasurable, is not permanent but is always changing; thus, when the reason for the friendship is done away, the friendship is dissolved.”(同样地，他写道：“爱的人是为了自己的好处，爱的人是为了自己的快乐。然而，人们觉得有用或愉快的东西，不是永久的，而是一直在变化的;因此，当友谊的原因消失了，友谊也就消失了。”。)”可知，基于利益和快乐的友谊不是永恒的而是多变的，所以，利益和快乐消失的时候，友谊也就消失了。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“And it is the friendships based on virtue that are worth protecting and cherishing. But they require considerable energy to maintain -- as Aristotle wrote, “lack of conversation has broken many a friendship” -- but what you get out of these friendships easily outweighs what you put in.(而建立在美德基础上的友谊才是值得保护和珍惜的。但它们需要相当大的精力来维持——正如亚里士多德所写的那样，“缺乏交谈已经毁掉了许多友谊”——但你从这些友谊中获得的东西很容易就超过了你投入的东西。)”可知，认为只有基于美德的友谊值得珍惜和拥有，缺乏交流破坏了友谊，所以，要想保持长久的友谊，需要的是与有共同价值观的人进行交流。故选B项。
D
What might be the global impact of extreme losses of the Amazon rainforest — the world’s largest rainforest? A new study has found that rapid deforestation of the Amazon rainforest could influence the temperature and rainfall over as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
Saini Yang at Beijing Normal University in China and her colleagues analysed global climatological data from 1979 to 2019 to identify correlations in temperature and rainfall between the Amazon rainforest and other areas. Such links are called “teleconnections(遥相关)”.
They focused on the Amazon rainforest in particular because of its significance as a major carbon sink and as a climatic “tipping point(临界点)” that could see forests turn to tropical grasslands beyond a certain limit of warming and human-driven deforestation.
The researchers found that since 1979, warm temperatures in the Amazon was associated with warm temperatures over the Tibetan plateau and the West Antarctic ice sheet; more rainfall in the Amazon was relevant to less rainfall in those regions.
By analysing changing temperatures in the regions between the Amazon and those distant areas, they were also able to trace the path through which energy or materials such as black carbon released in forest fire might propagate through the atmosphere. Their analysis showed the route remained consistent under different future warming circumstances.
The collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet is a known tipping point. Melting snow on the Tibetan plateau is not, but the region is warming more rapidly than much of the rest of the globe, and changes to snow and ice there could have consequences for ecosystems and the billions of people that rely on its snowmelt for water.
“If the Amazon does have an influence on these regions, it could mean there is a higher risk the Amazon tipping point might set others off”, says Jothan at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. “It adds an additional potential domino that can fall.”
12. How did the study identify teleconnections?
A. By recording temperature and rainfall.
B. By finding the similarities between regions.
C. By examining previous data on global climate.
D. By analysing climatological data of the Amazon.
13. The underlined word “propagate” in paragraph 5 probably means “________”.
A. spread B. absorb C. launch D. switch
14. What Jothan suggests about the Amazon?
A. It is now at a higher risk of disappearing.
B. It indeed has an effect on the two regions.
C. Deforestation is caused by human activities.
D. The tipping point might cause a chain reaction.
15. Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Changes within the Amazon.
B. The Amazon at a tipping point.
C. The Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
D. Global impacts of the Amazon deforestation.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Saini Yang at Beijing Normal University in China and her colleagues analysed global climatological data from 1979 to 2019 to identify correlations in temperature and rainfall between the Amazon rainforest and other areas. Such links are called ‘teleconnections(遥相关)’.（中国北京师范大学的Saini Yang和她的同事分析了1979年至2019年的全球气候数据，以确定亚马逊雨林与其他地区之间的温度和降雨量之间的相关性。这种连接被称为‘远距连接’）”可知，该研究是通过检查先前的全球气候数据来确定远程联系的，故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段“By analysing changing temperatures in the regions between the Amazon and those distant areas, they were also able to trace the path through which energy or materials such as black carbon released in forest fire might propagate through the atmosphere. Their analysis showed the route remained consistent under different future warming circumstances.（通过分析亚马逊地区和那些遥远地区之间的温度变化，他们还能够追踪森林火灾释放的能量或物质(如黑碳)在大气中propagate 的途径。他们的分析表明，在未来不同的变暖环境下，这条路线保持一致。）”可知，森林火灾会释放能量或物质，在大气中传播。划线词是spread“扩散”的意思，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If the Amazon does have an influence on these regions, it could mean there is a higher risk the Amazon tipping point might set others off’, says Jothan at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. ‘It adds an additional potential domino that can fall.’（德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰说:“如果亚马逊确实对这些地区有影响，这可能意味着亚马逊临界点引发其他地区爆发的风险更高。这又增加了一块可能倒下的多米诺骨牌。”）”可知，约翰认为亚马逊的临界点可能会引起连锁反应，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“What might be the global impact of extreme losses of the Amazon rainforest — the world’s largest rainforest? A new study has found that rapid deforestation of the Amazon rainforest could influence the temperature and rainfall over as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.（世界上最大的热带雨林——亚马逊雨林的极端损失可能会对全球产生什么影响?一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。）”以及下文的分析解释可知，本文主要讲述了亚马逊森林砍伐对全球的影响。D选项符合最佳标题，故选D。
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Collecting must be one of the most varied of human activities and it’s one that many of us psychologists find fascinating. Collecting hundreds or even thousands of postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever, takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to much more productive use. And yet there are millions of collectors around the world. ____16____
There are the people who collect because they want to make money. They’ll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit. ____17____ Buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement. And as selling online is so easy, more and more people are joining in.
Many collectors collect to develop their social life. ____18____ This is a variant on joining a bridge club or a gym, and similarly brings them into contact with like-minded people.
Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this. ____19____ There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone.
____20____ Stamp collecting, for example, opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. Similarly, many collectors collect fossils, animals and plants from around the globe, and their collections provided a vast amount of information about the natural world. Without those collections, our understanding would be greatly reduced.
A. Why do they do it?
B. But there may well be a psychological element, too.
C. Another potential reason for it is its educational value.
D. A particular example is a rare early recording by a particular singer.
E. A psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control.
F. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless.
G. They attend meetings of groups collectors and exchange information on items.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要对“收集”这一爱好进行了说明。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Collecting hundreds or even thousands of postcards, chocolate wrappers or whatever, takes time, energy and money that could surely be put to much more productive use. And yet there are millions of collectors around the world.( 收集数百甚至数千张明信片、巧克力包装纸或其他任何东西都需要时间、精力和金钱，而这些肯定可以用于更高效的用途。然而，世界各地仍有数以百万计的收藏家)”可知上文提出了一种矛盾现象，下文要对这种现象表达疑问并解释，与A项“Why do they do it?( 他们为什么这么做？)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement.(低买高卖可以给收藏家一种成就感)”可知此处上下文说的是心理因素，与B项“But there may well be a psychological element, too(但很可能也有心理因素)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Many collectors collect to develop their social life(许多收藏家为了发展他们的社交生活而收藏)”可知此处上下文说的是收藏与社交活动的关系，与G项“They attend meetings of groups collectors and exchange information on items(他们参加团体收藏家会议，并就物品交换信息)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There are the people who collect because they want to make money.( 有些人收集是因为他们想赚钱)”、“Many collectors collect to develop their social life(许多收藏家为了发展他们的社交生活而收藏)”以及“Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this(有些人可能一生都在寻找这个)”可知，很多人收藏是有目标的，与F项“Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless.( 从心理学上讲，这会给一种没有目标的生活带来一个目标)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
20题详解】
根据下文“Stamp collecting, for example, opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. Similarly, many collectors collect fossils, animals and plants from around the globe, and their collections provided a vast amount of information about the natural world(例如，集邮为其他国家以及邮票上的植物、动物或名人打开了一扇窗户。同样，许多收藏家从世界各地收集化石、动物和植物，他们的收藏提供了大量关于自然世界的信息)”可知此处上下文说的是收藏的潜在教育价值，与C项“Another potential reason for it is its educational value(另一个潜在的原因是它的教育价值)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Almost eight years ago, Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular waterfront view in his town. He called it ‘life ________’ because watching a sunrise made him feel centered before starting his day.
A year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that ________ his view on his daily ritual. She said, “Every morning when I see you ________ here, I know that everything is going to be ________.” That’s when Nixon knew he needed to ________ the people walking past, making eye contact and letting people know that they ________ to each other.
Nixon, 59, was happy to listen. He wanted them to walk away knowing they didn’t have to feel ________. A lot of people felt their life purpose hadn’t been fulfilled in their 50s or 60s. “And at my age, this is definitely my ________.”
So, every morning, weather ________, Nixon, rises at 4:30 a.m. and stays at the waterfront for two hours. His presence, ________ to listen, and kindness toward strangers, have led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor.
He remembers the day a woman stopped and said, “I just want to ________ here with you,” Then they stared at the water for an hour before she said thank you and walked away. And in that moment of ________, she truly wasn’t alone.
41. A. feeding B. rising C. struggling D. remembering
42. A. explained B. formed C. divided D. changed
43. A. sitting B. playing C. thinking D. returning
44. A. funny B. lively C. fine D. serious
45. A. talk to B. stare at C. look forward to D. pay attention to
46. A. mattered B. explained C. stuck D. referred
47. A. deep B. friendlily C. straight D. relaxedly
48. A. friendships B. conversations C. fears D. memories
49. A. advice B. help C. action D. change
50. A. strange B. embarrassed C. hopeless D. alone
51. A. career B. life C. interest D. purpose
52. A. permitting B. improving C. changing D. delaying
53. A. trust B. openness C. opportunity D. refusal
54. A. chat B. fish C. sit D. wander
55. A. peace B. delight C. doubt D. communication
第 Ⅱ 卷(满分55分)
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Those who live by the mountains profit from mountains, and those who live by the water profit from water.” The Chinese ____21____(novel) Feng Menglong wrote in his collection Stories Awaken the World in the 17th century, ____22____(summarize) Chinese people’s attitude toward food. China’s southeastern coastal areas can add the sea to ____23____ list.
A common and affordable eat is oyster omelet, known as o-a-tsian of southeastern Fujian province, a street dish that ____24____(combine) the fruits of the sea and the land-oysters, eggs and starch. Visitors to Fujian, Taiwan and the Chaoshan region, can find o-a-tsian in street stalls ____25____ early morning till late night.
Although it’s a mystery ____26____ local residents invented this dish, some vivid folktales give it a fanciful aura. One of them said Zheng Chenggong came up with the idea of deep frying the oysters coated with sweet potato starch ____27____(feed) his army when the Dutch cut off their supply of rice, saving them from hunger and eventually driving the Dutch out.
____28____(recipe) for a o-a-tsian vary in Fujian, Taiwan and Chaoshan. When immigrants from these areas moved to some Southeast Asian countries, the dish ____29____(adapt) with local ingredients. ____30____ each version of o-a-tsian always includes small oysters covered with sweet potato starch and egg batter.
【答案】21. novelist
22. summarizing
23. the 24. combines
25. from 26. how
27. to feed
28. Recipes
29. was adapted
30. But
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了福建东南部的常见且经济实惠的蚵仔煎的起源、发展。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国小说家冯梦龙在17世纪的《醒世恒言》写道，“靠山吃山，靠水吃水。”，总结了中国人对食物的态度。空前为The Chinese，Feng Menglong为同位语，设空处应用名词novelist，意为“小说家”，作主语。故填：novelist。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国小说家冯梦龙在17世纪的《醒世恒言》写道，“靠山吃山，靠水吃水。”，总结了中国人对食物的态度。此处谓语为wrote，设空处为非谓语动词，summarize与逻辑主语“Those who live by the mountains profit from mountains, and those who live by the water profit from water.”为主谓关系，应用现在分词summarizing，作状语。故填 summarizing。
【23题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国东南沿海地区可以把大海也列入名单。此处为特指，指的是中国不同地区的人们赖以生存和食物来源的自然资源清单，应用定冠词the。故填：the。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：一种常见且经济实惠的食品是牡蛎煎蛋，也称为福建东南部的蚵仔煎，这是一道街头美食，结合了海洋和陆地的美味——牡蛎、鸡蛋和淀粉。设空处在限制性定语从句中，先行词为a street dish，为单数，在从句中作主语，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词为第三人称单数，故填combines。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：游客在福建、台湾和潮汕地区可以在街边小摊从早到晚找到蚵仔煎。此处考查介词短语from early morning till late night，意为“从清晨到深夜，从早到晚”，设空处应用介词from。故填from。
【26题详解】
考查连接词。句意：虽然当地居民是如何发明这道菜的是个谜，但一些生动的民间故事给它增添了一种奇特的色彩。根据句意，it为形式主语，设空处应用how引导主语从句，表方式、方法、手段，引出当地居民发明这道菜的方式或方法，故填：how。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个故事说，当荷兰人切断了他们的大米供应时，郑成功想出了一个主意，把裹上红薯淀粉的牡蛎油炸，以养活他的军队，使他们免于饥饿，最终将荷兰人赶了出去。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填：to feed。
【28题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：福建、台湾和潮汕的蚵仔煎食谱各不相同。谓语动词为vary，动词原形，主语用名词复数，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填：Recipes。
【29题详解】
考查时态、语态。句意：当这些地区的移民移居到一些东南亚国家时，这道菜会根据当地的食材进行改良。时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，adapt与逻辑主语the dish之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数，助动词为was。故填：was adapted。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是，每个版本的蚵仔煎都包括用红薯淀粉和蛋糊覆盖的小蚵仔。此处与上文为转折关系，应用转折连词but，设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填：But。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(共1题，满分15分)
31. 假定你是李华，你的外国友人David对历史文化很感兴趣，计划到你所在城市旅游，请你写信为他推荐一个景点，内容包括：
1. 景点介绍；
2. 推荐原因。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to know that you are interested in my hometown and will pay a visit to it in the summer holiday. Here I’d like to tell you something about it.
Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China. Although Changchun is a new city with only about 200 years of history, she is a very influential regional center city in China with high degree openness and advanced science and education now. I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city and scientific and technological city.
I’m looking forward to meeting you and I’d like to show you around the city!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇作文属于应用文。现要求考生写邮件给外国友人David推荐你所在城市的一个景点，其中内容包括介绍景点，推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的： glad →delighted
位于：be located in→be situated in
虽然： although→though/while
想要做某事： would like to→feel like doing
2简单句变复合句
原句：Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
拓展句：Changchun City, which is the capital of Jilin Province, is located in the center of Songliao Plain in Northeast China.
【点睛】.[高分句型1]I’m glad to know that you are interested in my hometown and will pay a visit to it in the summer holiday.(运用that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I am proud of her because she has the characteristics of automobile city, forest city, film city andscientific and technological city.(运用了because引导的状语从句)
第二节 读后续写(共1题，满分25分)
32. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My first marathon. It’s pouring rain, my legs were cold, and I was wishing I hadn’t been too nervous to eat a bigger breakfast. “There were tables of chocolate bars every mile at my last marathon,” Dad says.
Suddenly everyone around us starts moving. Way up ahead I see smoke from the cannon. I can’t believe we hadn’t heard it. It took ages to reach the starting line. Our marathon started.
Soon Dad started to slow down. After only a mile, I overtook everyone in sight. And Dad was way behind with his left leg cramped(抽筋).
I soon reached mile 5, and I was feeling good. I still hadn’t seen a chocolate bar anywhere. Maybe they didn’t have them! Instead, the streets were lined with fast-food places. But there were lines of runners at every shop.
By mile 10, my legs felt good but I was starving. How I wish I hadn’t just had one piece of toast for breakfast! It’s raining so hard that it hurt. My hands stung from the cold. I took a power gel out of pocket and tried to open it, but my hands were so cold they felt as if they were frozen into fists. On the balconies people yelled and waved to me. That cheered me up a bit.
Then I ran past mile 13, the halfway checkpoint. Up ahead I could see my mum and my little brother cheering for me. Hearing my name from their cheers, I felt refreshed and kept on running.
Mile 15. I saw food at last! There were tables full of bananas. I grabbed a banana and scoffed it down. Then I ripped the power gel open. My hands had come unfroze. I squeezed the packet and filled my mouth with the gel. Chocolate would taste better.
When I reached mile 20, and I didn’t want to run another inch. Every step jarred my leg.
I started walking the next mile before Dad caught up running in an awkward way.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mile 25, we could hear the crowd at the finish line.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I started walking the next mile before Dad caught up running in an awkward way. He looked exhausted, but he smiled when he saw me. We walked and jogged together, and he told me about his previous marathons. He said that it’s not about winning, but about finishing the race. I felt grateful for his company, and we encouraged each other to keep going. The last few miles were tough, but we kept pushing ourselves.
Mile 25, we could hear the crowd at the finish line. It was a deafening roar, and it gave us a burst of energy. We looked at each other and grinned. We knew we were almost there. We could see the finish line up ahead, and our hearts were beating fast. We could hear our names being called over the loudspeaker. We picked up our pace and ran towards the finish line. When we crossed it, we hugged each other tightly. We had done it! We felt a sense of accomplishment that we had never felt before.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者人生中第一次马拉松比赛的经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我开始走下一英里，不久爸爸笨拙地赶上了我。”以及第二段首句内容“25英里处，我们能听到终点线人群的声音。”可知，第一段可描写作者与自己的爸爸互相鼓励着跑马拉松。
②由第二段首句内容“25英里处，我们能听到终点线人群的声音。”可知，第二段可描写作者和爸爸互相勉励着跑完马拉松。
2.续写线索：作者由于太紧张，吃不下太多东西——作者和爸爸开始了马拉松比赛——作者的爸爸告诉作者，在路上会有巧克力提供——作者非常饿，但是一直没有看到巧克力——到了15英里处，作者补充了能量——20英里时，作者非常疲倦，再也跑不动了——作者的爸爸赶上了作者，父子二人相互鼓励着跑完了马拉松
3.词汇激活
行为类
①给予：give/offer
②知道：know/learn/realize
③加速：pick up pace/speed up
情绪类
①感激的：grateful/thankful
②感到成就感：feel a sense of accomplishment/feel a sense of achievement
【点睛】【高分句型1】He looked exhausted, but he smiled when he saw me.（运用了when引导时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】We felt a sense of accomplishment that we had never felt before.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
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