2023烟台招远一中高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

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高二英语
注意事项:
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What might the man want for supper?
A. Seafood. B. Steak. C. Noodles.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Alice, it’s already dark. I’m starving. What kind of food are you in the mood for?
W: I’d love some steak.
M: Hmm. I used to be into noodles, but now I’m crazy about seafood.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman concerned about?
A. Catching a cold. B. Losing her sweater. C. Standing in a long line.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Should I bring a sweater to the concert? I don’t want to get cold while we are standing in line.
M: No. You won’t have anywhere to put it once we get inside, and I don’t want it to get lost.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a gym. B. In an office. C. In a classroom.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: You are late for English class again, young man. Can’t you just make it here by the time the bell rings?
M: I’m sorry, ma’am. My gym class is on the other side of the building. I’ll try to get here earlier next time.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the price of the day flight?
A. $360. B. $400. C. $410.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’d like to book a ticket to New York on Flight 450 this morning.
M: I’m sorry. The day flight is full now. You only pay $360 if you take the night flight. You can save 40 dollars.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man think of the story?
A. It is too hard to understand.
B. The beginning is confusing.
C. The writer tells the story well.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you think this is a good story?
M: What I don’t understand is the beginning.
W: You mean it’s too difficult?
M: No, but I don’t know what the writer wants to tell us.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, “每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What’s wrong with the boys?
A. They lost a camera. B. They got sick. C. They wasted money.
7. What is the family probably going to do tomorrow?
A. Go shopping. B. Go to a bank. C. Have a birthday party.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello. Jean speaking.
M: Oh, it’s you, dear. Sorry I had to rush off this morning. How are the boys?
W: I’m taking them to the doctor at 10:00, but I’m sure they’re going to be all right.
M: That’s good. What about you?
W: Oh, I’m better now. Don’t worry. I’m going to make a birthday cake for tomorrow’s party. And I’ve bought a camera for Peter and some records for Paul.
M: You shouldn’t have done that. They need to learn how to save money. I’m going to put away some money in the bank for them.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. What job is the woman applying for?
A. A gardener. B. A nurse. C. A teacher.
9. How many hours will the woman work per day?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Six.
【答案】8. C 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Would you please tell me why you want to work in our kindergarten? Taking care of kids is sometimes very tiring.
W: I love children I love to sing to them and teach them how to dance.
M: Then you have worked in a kindergarten before?
W: No, but I used to take care of my sister’s children during my summer and winter holidays.
M: I see. By the way, do you want to work part-time or full-time?
W: I’d prefer part-time.
M: When are you able to work?
W: I’m free every afternoon. So, I can work about 20 hours a week.
M: OK. You’re hired. You can work from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m., Monday to Thursday.
W: OK. Thank you.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. What day might it be yesterday?
A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Saturday.
11. What did the woman do after hearing the noise last night?
A. She went to sleep. B. She turned the light on. C. She went up for a look
12. Who is the woman probably talking to?
A. A neighbor. B. Her husband. C. A policeman.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What were you doing at twelve last night?
W: I was playing cards with my kids in the living room.
M: Do your kids always go to bed that late?
W: Not on weekdays.
M: Wasn’t your husband with you then?
W: He was on business in Seattle. He will be back next Tuesday.
M: Did anything unusual happen?
W: The light suddenly went out while we were playing. We remained silent at the table for some time. After a while, we all heard glass breaking somewhere on the floor above.
M: Do you mean a window?
W: I’m not sure whether it was a window or a glass or something else.
M: Did any of you hear a cry or a fight? Did you ever consider going up for a look?
W: We were frightened at the beginning, and then we all went to bed once it was quiet all around.
M: OK. Thank you.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. Where did the man go on holiday?
A. Paris. B. Bali. C. London.
14. What did the man do on the first day of his holiday?
A. Go swimming. B. Go boating. C. Play volleyball.
15. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Fellow travelers.
16. How did the man probably feel when he visited the small island?
A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Disappointed.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. A 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Terry, nice to meet you again after the Easter holiday.
M: Hello, Mia. I’ve just returned to London.
W: Anyway, where did you go on holiday?
M: Well, I went to Bali. It’s a wonderful place with beautiful beaches and scenery.
W: It sounds great. What did you do there?
M: My family and I spent four nights there. We had a great vacation. On the first day, I swam and went surfing. I also played football in the sand with my brother and some Indians. To my surprise, I also met our history teacher. He was playing volleyball there.
W: Wow. What a small world! What else did you do there?
M: The next morning I visited another small island around Bali on a boat. It was a great experience to see many beautiful places and have a talk with tourists there.
W: What did you do before you left Bali?
M: On the last day, I went to the shops there. I bought some shirts, shorts, and also traditional clothes. Unfortunately, I couldn’t afford to buy a surfboard.
W: Well, I hope I can also go there someday.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. Why did the post office in Guyana print their own special stamps?
A. They wanted to make more money.
B. They had only a few usual stamps left.
C. There were no 1-cent or 4-cent stamps then.
18. How much was the l-cent stamp sold for in 1980?
A. A few dollars. B. Seven thousand dollars. C. Seven million dollars.
19. Why are stamps with mistakes so valuable?
A. They are very limited.
B. They are very beautiful.
C. They were made long ago.
20. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of the stamps.
B. Things learned from stamps.
C. Reasons for collecting stamps.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: People collect stamps for many reasons. Some like the fun and excitement of finding an unusual or valuable stamp. In 1856, the post office in Guyana found that they had only a few stamps left. So they printed their own special 1-cent and 4-cent stamps and used them until the usual stamps arrived. In 1873, a schoolboy found the last one of those special 1-cent stamps. He sold it to a collector for a few dollars. In 1980, the same stamp was sold in New York for seven million dollars. Collectors also like stamps with mistakes, because they are sometimes very valuable. Usually, they are only used for a very short time. When the mistake is found, new stamps are made. There are not many stamps with mistakes, but many collectors would like to own one. That is why stamps with mistakes are so valuable. We can learn a lot from stamps. They can make school subjects interesting. Pictures about the history of different countries are shown on stamps. You can also find out about famous events and people.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, , 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Iceland! I hope that your trip will be pleasant and that __________ will help you during your stay. It includes very important information you might find useful for your travel and we hope you will enjoy it.

Iceland is becoming a very popular place to visit all year round and we are not surprised. The country with its spectacular, unspoiled, fragile and raw nature, hot springs, icebergs and waterfalls is a feast for the eyes both during summer and winter. Our history and culture is young compared to most other countries. We speak our own language, Icelandic, which due to the country’s isolation in the past, has been very well preserved.
Driving in Iceland can be a bit different from many other countries. We do have a number of gravel roads, single lane bridges, narrow roads, rough mountain roads with unbridged rivers, animal stock near or on the road and weather conditions can change quickly. Therefore driving in Iceland needs your full care during your stay because we want you back safe and happy.
We kindly ask you to help us improve our quality by giving us feedback on how we are doing and what we can do better. Not less importantly, we ask you to help us preserve the Icelandic nature which can be very fragile. Off-road driving is strictly forbidden and please do not litter.
In case of trouble, accident or breakdown please don’t hesitate to contact our emergency phone numbers 840-6010 for south and west Iceland, or 840-6000 for north and east Iceland or one of our many locations around the country and we will do our very best to help you to safely continue your journey.
I trust that your travel in Iceland will be comfortable and pleasant. I wish you a safe journey.
21. Which of the following statements might be most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 1?
A. our travel agency magazine B. this newspaper article
C. the traffic regulations D. police travel guides
22. Which of the following is TRUE about Iceland?
A. Travelling in Iceland is only popular in summer and winter.
B. The country is not much visited because of its special language.
C. Travelers can enjoy nice food when travelling in Iceland.
D. A traveler can both have hot and cold experiences in Iceland.
23. What can a traveler do if his car suddenly breaks down in west Iceland according to the passage?
A. He may have his car repaired.
B. He may call 840-6010 for help.
C. He may push his car off the road.
D. He may drive in the other direction.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍在冰岛旅游的一些重要有用的信息，比如冰岛的概况，开车情况，环境保护以及求助等。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句“It includes very important information you might find useful for your travel and we hope you will enjoy it.”可知，它包括了非常重要的信息，你可能会发现这些信息对你的旅行有用，并且我们希望你能喜欢它。it指代的是空格处，表达的是对旅行信息的介绍。由此可见，it应该是旅行社杂志。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段的第二句“The country with its spectacular, unspoiled, fragile and raw nature, hot springs, icebergs and waterfalls is a feast for the eyes both during summer and winter.”可知，在夏天和冬天期间都可以一览这个国家壮丽而又未受破坏但却脆弱的原生态自然，以及温泉，冰山和瀑布景观。由此可见，旅行者在冰岛可以体验到冷和热。结合选项可知，选项D正确。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段的前半部分“In case of trouble, accident or breakdown please don’t hesitate to contact our emergency phone numbers 840-6010 for south and west Iceland”可知，万一遇到困难，事故或者故障，在冰岛南部和西部的，请不要犹豫联系我们的紧急电话840-6010。由此可见，如果旅行者在冰岛西部他的车突然发生故障了，他可以拨打840-6010求助。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
B
Tired of working in IT and staying the same in Australia, Paulo Cattaneo decided to make a change. In 2015 he started a strict budget so he could save up enough money to buy his dream KTM 1190 motorbike, a camera, and enough funds to support himself for a few years.
Then he gave up his job, packed his things, and set off on an adventure, travelling the world on his motorbike. Paulo, 39, has spent the last four years biking through Australia, South America, North America, and Europe, riding up to 12 hours a day and spending his nights in his tent under the stars.
“Australia for me was my first experience riding long distance and I was mind-blown by the beauty of the old continent.” Paulo wrote on his travel journal, “Traveling through Latin America, I explored the rainforest and learned Spanish and Portuguese. Mexico has some of the best food I ever had and Peru is an interesting place where I can enjoy the unique local Indian culture, also called Inca civilization.”
Paulo has managed to keep his travels going by keeping his budget tight, so he hasn’t had to get a job for his travels. To keep costs low, he seldom looked for accommodation in hotels and went camping instead. Thankfully, the motorbike, which Paulo bought secondhand in Australia, has not required any major repairs since he set off. The journey isn’t always easy, but Paulo has never looked back.
Sadly, the Covid-19 pandemic put a stop to his travels in Greece when he traveled around Europe, and Paulo has had to spend the last few months in Italy, his homeland. Once the world is back up and running, he plans to return to life on the road and explore Asia and Africa.
24. What did Paulo begin to do in 2015?
A. Change his job to live a better life. B. Travel the world on his motorbike.
C. Collect enough money to buy a car. D. Prepare for his trip around the world.
25. What is not mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. The way to travel. B. The last destination of travel.
C. The places he’d been to. D. The accommodation of travel.
26. What can we know about Paulo during his trip?
A. He enjoyed the best food in Peru. B. He got a job to support his travel.
C. The motorbike often troubled him. D. The view in Australia attracted him.
27. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Paulo was glad to return to his homeland. B. Paulo had to find accommodation in hotel.
C. The Covid-19 couldn’t stop Paulo’s dream. D. Being alone was a challenge during Paulo’s trip.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Paulo Cattaneo放弃工作，骑着摩托车环游世界的经历，虽然他的冒险旅程因为新冠疫情而不得不中断，但是他从未放弃他的冒险梦。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2015 he started a strict budget so he could save up enough money to buy his dream KTM 1190 motorbike, a camera, and enough funds to support himself for a few years. (2015年，他开始严格控制预算，以便攒够钱买他梦寐以求的KTM 1190摩托车、一台相机，以及足够养活自己几年的资金)”可知，2015年Paulo已经开始为自己的环球旅行攒钱，用于购买设备以及未来几年的生活费，此时的他是在为环球旅行做准备。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Then he gave up his job, packed his things, and set off on an adventure, travelling the world on his motorbike. Paulo, 39, has spent the last four years biking through Australia, South America, North America, and Europe, riding up to 12 hours a day and spending his nights in his tent under the stars. (然后，他放弃了工作，收拾好行李，开始了一段冒险旅程，骑着摩托车环游世界。保罗今年39岁，在过去的四年里，他每天骑行12个小时，穿越澳大利亚、南美、北美和欧洲，晚上在他的帐篷里星空下度过)”可知，Paulo的旅行方式为骑摩托车，他曾经去过的地方包括澳大利亚、南美、北美和欧洲，每天的旅行安排为骑行12小时，并没有讲到他旅行最后的目的地。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“’Australia for me was my first experience riding long distance and I was mind-blown by the beauty of the old continent.’ Paulo wrote on his travel journal(“澳大利亚对我来说是我第一次长途骑行，我被古老大陆的美丽所震撼。” Paulo在他的旅行日记中写道)”可知，澳大利亚的美丽风景震撼了Paulo，Paulo为之深深吸引了。故选D项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sadly, the Covid-19 pandemic put a stop to his travels in Greece when he traveled around Europe, and Paulo has had to spend the last few months in Italy, his homeland. Once the world is back up and running, he plans to return to life on the road and explore Asia and Africa. (不幸的是，当他在欧洲旅行时，Covid-19大流行中断了他在希腊的旅行，Paulo不得不在过去几个月里呆在他的祖国意大利。一旦世界恢复正常运转，他计划回到在路上的生活，探索亚洲和非洲)”可知，Covid-19并没有使Paulo放弃他的环球旅行梦。故选C项。
C
Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon, Va. — especially during the colder months in winter.
Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: write an app. She was half-kidding, but Medha took the challenge seriously. So she went to work.
The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone. Using the iPhone, a person can program it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she fails to arrive at a destination within a certain time.
It was the first iOS app that Medha had created. While she didn’t think much would come from the project, her effort caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge, who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District.
The App Challenge is designed to encourage students to consider careers in science, technology, engineering, and math by experimenting with coding and computer science. Winning students are invited to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also received $250 in Amazon Web Service credits.
Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design, program and test the app. As for her next app? Medha’s not certain. She temporarily has her app-development ambitions on hold because she’s busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook. Yes, she knows that there are teams of engineers probably doing the same thing. But she figures it can’t hurt her own part, too.
“If we see something wrong with the world, we should do something about it, ” she said. “After all, the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves. ”
28. Why did Medha Gupta feel worried?
A. It took a long time to walk home.
B. It was colder than ever in winter.
C. It was unsafe to walk home alone.
D. It was difficult to write an app.
29. What is Medha’s attitude to her mother’s suggestion?
A. Curious. B. Sensitive. C. Uncertain. D. Optimistic.
30. What does the underlined phrase “on hold” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. Delayed. B. Developed. C. Suspected. D. Satisfied.
31. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Medha registered for the App Challenge.
B. Medha designed Safe Travel successfully.
C. The App Challenge directs students to choose careers.
D. An app guides walkers home.
【答案】28 C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了Medha Gupta设计了一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。这款应用参加了应用程序挑战赛并成为获胜者。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon, Va. — especially during the colder months in winter. (Medha Gupta有时会担心从校车停在的街角走20分钟到她在赫恩登的家——尤其是在寒冷的冬天。)”以及第三段中“The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone.(结果就是Medha设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。)”可知，Medha Gupta会感到担心是因为独自走回家不安全。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: write an app. She was half-kidding, but Medha didn’t take the challenge lightly. So she set out to work.(她的母亲Divya Gupta提出了一个建议：编写一个应用程序。但梅达认真对待这个挑战，但Medha并没有轻易接受这个挑战。于是她开始工作。)”可推知，Medha对母亲的建议持乐观态度。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“because she’s busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook.(因为她正忙着自学人工智能来帮助处理Facebook上的不当词汇。)”可知，Medha因为正忙着自学人工智能，帮助自己处理Facebook上的不当言论，所以让开发应用程序的雄心推迟了。划线词on hold意思是“推迟”。A. Delayed.推迟；B. Developed.发展；C. Suspected.怀疑；D. Satisfied.满足。故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone.(结果就是Medha设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全) ”结合文章主要说明了Medha Gupta设计了一款名为“安全旅行”的应用，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。这款应用参加了应用程序挑战赛并成为获胜者。可知，文章主旨是Medha成功设计了“安全旅行”。故选B。
D
Bioluminescence (生物发光) is a natural phenomenon wherein a chemical reaction within an organism’s body produces light. It can be found in many places in nature — fireflies, some mushrooms — but mostly in the deep sea.
Recently, Rambouillet, a small historic French town, has teamed up with a company called Glowee to turn the city into a full-scale bioluminescence laboratory. The goal is to change the way in which cities use light. The company uses marine (海的) bacteria harvested from the coast of France. It makes some of the town’s public light up in the cool blue of bioluminescence.
These bioluminescent bacteria are stored in a seawater filled tube, giving the bacteria room to float around and light up. The light provided by the bacteria is part of their natural metabolism, so producing the light requires no energy other than that which is needed to feed the organisms. This makes it much more environmentally friendly and sustainable than electric light, which consumes a huge amount of non-renewable energy.
“On the way to lighting up the world with bioluminescence, you have to feed the bacteria and add water as they grow. That’s not so easy. The phenomenon will be very temperature-dependent and I doubt that it will work in the winter. Also, bioluminescence is not very bright compared to electrical lighting, though they have improved the light intensity,” Carl Johnson, a professor from Vanderbilt University said.
One potential solution to these issues — and one that Glowee is looking into — is to remove the biological aspect of the whole process. Theoretically, luciferase (荧光素酶) can be removed from the bacteria and used to create light instead of the bacteria itself. Because luciferase is non-living, it doesn’t need to be fed. Creating new means of sustainable lighting is a way of being environmentally friendly without plunging the earth back into darkness.
32. What do we know about Glowee?
A. It is an ancient laboratory in France.
B. It solves power shortages in coastal cities.
C. It adopts bioluminescence as a light source.
D. It feeds marine organisms to produce chemicals.
33. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A. The reasons for energy waste.
B The advantages of the marine bacteria as light.
C. The living conditions of the bioluminescent bacteria.
D. The difficulties of storing bioluminescent organisms.
34. What does Carl Johnson convey in his words?
A. The bacteria work more efficiently under low temperatures.
B. It will cost too much to improve the luminescence intensity.
C. The application of bioluminescence enjoys a bright prospect.
D. The development of bioluminescence faces many challenges.
35. What could be the best title of this text?
A. A Historic Town Lit up by Nature
B. The First Zero-carbon City in the World
C. A Reform of Producing Electricity in Cities
D. The Discovery of Luciferase in Marine Bacteria
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国历史悠久的小城朗布耶与一家名为Glowee的公司合作，利用生物发光技术将这座城市变成一个全面的生物发光实验室，其目标是改变城市使用光线的方式。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Recently, Rambouillet, a small historic French town, has teamed up with a company called Glowee to turn the city into a full-scale bioluminescence laboratory.The goal is to change the way in which cities use light. The company uses marine（海的）bacteria harvested from the coast of France. It makes some of the town’s public light up in the cool blue of bioluminescence.(最近，法国历史悠久的小城朗布耶与一家名为Glowee的公司合作，将这座城市变成一个全面的生物发光实验室。其目标是改变城市使用光线的方式。该公司使用的是来自法国海岸的海洋细菌。它让小镇上的一些公众在生物发光的冷蓝色中发光。)”可知，关于Glowee这个公司我们了解到的是，它主要研究采用生物发光作为光源。故选C项。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The light provided by the bacteria is part of their natural metabolism, so producing the light requires no energy other than that which is needed to feed the organisms. This makes it much more environmentally friendly and sustainable than electric light, which consumes a huge amount of non-renewable energy.(细菌提供的光是它们自然新陈代谢的一部分，所以产生光不需要能量，只需要生物体所需的能量。这使得它比消耗大量不可再生能源的电灯更加环保和可持续。)”可知，第三段主要讲得是海洋细菌作为光源的优点。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On the way to lighting up the world with bioluminescence, you have to feed the bacteria and add water as they grow. That’s not so easy. The phenomenon will be very temperature-dependent and I doubt that it will work in the winter. Also, bioluminescence is not very bright compared to electrical lighting, though they have improved the light intensity(在用生物发光照亮世界的路上，你必须给细菌喂食，并在它们生长的过程中加水。这可不容易。这种现象将非常依赖于温度，我怀疑它在冬天会起作用。此外，生物发光与电照明相比不是很亮，尽管它们提高了光强度)”可以推知，生物发光的发展面临着许多挑战。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了法国历史悠久的小城朗布耶与一家名为Glowee的公司合作，利用生物发光技术将这座城市变成一个全面的生物发光实验室，其目标是改变城市使用光线的方式，所以A选项“大自然点亮的历史小镇”适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.____36____. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. ___37___. Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.____38____.The following methods may work best for you.
● Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts
● Write your notes in your own words.
●____39____.
● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. ___40___
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。记好笔记对一个学生的重要性，短文介绍了一些做笔记的办法。
【36题详解】
根据下一句“Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. ”（第二，当你准备考试时，你的笔记是很好的参考材料。）可知，此处内容与讲述第一点办法有关，与下一句为并列关系。选项G“首先，把东西写下来这个简单的行为让你更容易理解和记住它。” First对应Sceondh和Third,符合题意。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上一句“You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. ”（你需要在课堂讨论、阅读课本或为报告做研究时做笔记。）可知，此处内容要说要开发自己记笔记的方法，选项E“你还需要发展自己的记笔记的方法。”also是对上一句的进一步说明。符合题意。故选E。
【38题详解】
根据上一句“Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.”（无论何时或以何种方式记笔记，请记住记笔记是一个有选择的过程。）可知，此处内容与要有选择性做笔记有关，选项F“这意味着你必须首先决定哪些内容是重要的，应该写在你的笔记里。”selective process对应 must first decide。符合题意。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上一句“Write your notes in your own words.”（用自己的话做笔记。）可知，此处内容与做笔记的办法有关，选项A“用单词，不要用完整的句子。”符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据上一句“When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.”（当你这样做的时候，确保你理解你的符号，并且你一直在使用它们。）可知，此处内容与没理解和记住你使用的符号会造成的不良后果有关，选项D“否则，你可能无法在过后阅读你的笔记。”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Once Frank and his daughter Nova took a cross-country drive with their dog Bobbie. During a stop, poor Bobbie was ____41____ by fierce local dogs. Thinking Bobbie would take care of himself as usual, Frank left for hotel ____42____ to find Bobbie return there to join them.
After hours without Bobbie, Frank got ____43____ Since Bobbie used to respond to the sound of the car horn, Frank first drove ____44____ all around, honking frequently until midnight. Bobbie never appeared. After a week of ____45____ and placing newspaper advertisements, the family had to give up and start driving home. Fall turning to winter, the ____46____ family had to ____47____ the fact that they could no longer share their happiness with beloved Bobbie.
Six ____48____ later, Nova was walking down a street when she ____49____ at the sight of a messy and ragged looking figure walking out of woods. His eyes were half-closed and red with _____50_____ , his feet bleeding. Nova screamed out ”Bobbie“ and in moments, aware of something, Bobbie began jumping up again and again to _____51_____ her face, making unclear sounds of _____52_____ mixed with sobs of joy. He was skinny, footsore but he was happy to see her. At home he shook his tail, rolled over on his back, held up his pads and fixed the family with his eyes, seemingly to tell them his returning-home _____53_____ .
Imagine being 2,500 miles from home with no transportation and crossing freezing cold mountains and deserts for half a year. How _____54_____ ! But Bobbie, the Wonder _____55_____ , made it.
41. A. guarded B. welcomed C. chased D. hidden
42. A. expecting B. failing C. struggling D. managing
43. A. mad B. disappointed C. hopeless D. worried
44. A. safely B. smoothly C. quickly D. slowly
45. A. waiting B. searching C. driving D. missing
46 A. warm-hearted B. cold-blooded C. broken-hearted D. clear-headed
47. A. accept B. change C. escape D. ignore
48. A. weeks B. fortnights C. months D. seasons
49. A. shocked B. attracted C. fell D. smiled
50. A. tears B. injuries C. shame D. excitement
51. A. kiss B. meet C. see D. avoid
52. A. depression B. relief C. regret D. gratitude
53. A. ambition B. view C. outing D. adventure
54. A. innocent B. incredible C. abnormal D. awkward
55. A. Hiker B. Man C. Dog D. Kid
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了波比这只小狗走失后又奇迹般自己返回家里的经历故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：停车期间，可怜的波比被当地凶猛的狗追赶。A. guarded保护；B. welcomed欢迎；C. chased追赶；D. hidden隐藏。根据空格后“by fierce local dogs.”及常识可知，波比被一只当地凶猛的狗追赶。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗兰克以为波比会像往常一样照顾自己，便动身去旅馆，期待着波比会回到那里和他们会合。A. expecting期待；B. failing失败；C. struggling挣扎；D. managing设法。根据前文“Thinking Bobbie would take care of himself as usual,”可知，弗兰克以为波比会像往常一样，自己跑掉后能找到回来的路，所以就动身去酒店，期待着波比自己回来找他。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：波比离开几个小时后，弗兰克担心起来。A. mad疯狂的；B. disappointed失望的；C. hopeless没有希望的；D. worried担忧的。根据后文“Since Bobbie used to respond to the sound of the car horn, Frank first drove 　　4　　 all around, honking frequently until midnight.”可知，弗兰克寻找波比一直到午夜。由此可知，在波比走失几个小时后，弗兰克的心情很担忧。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为波比过去常常对汽车喇叭发出的声音作出回应，弗兰克首先慢慢地到处开着车，经常按喇叭直到午夜。A. safely安全地；B. smoothly平坦地；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“Since Bobbie used to respond to the sound of the car horn,”可知，为了找到波比，弗兰克要慢慢开车鸣笛，才有可能让波比听到声音，这样波比才会现身。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在找寻一周以及刊登报纸广告之后，悲痛欲绝的一家人决定放弃然后开车回家。A. waiting等待；B. searching寻找；C. driving开车；D. missing错过，想念。根据上文“Bobbie never appeared.”以及空格后“placing newspaper advertisements,”可知，弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在找寻一周以及刊登报纸广告之后，悲痛欲绝的一家人决定放弃然后开车回家。A. warm-hearted暖心的；B. cold-blooded冷血的；C. broken-hearted悲痛欲绝的；D. clear-headed头脑清晰的。根据前文“After a week of 　5　 and placing newspaper advertisements”及空后“had to give up and start driving home.”可知，弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比，但是一直没找到，只能放弃、开车回家。由此可知，大家都很心痛。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：秋去冬来，这家人不得不接受这个事实，他们再也不能与亲爱的波比分享快乐和幸福。A. accept接受；B. change改变；C. escape逃跑；D. ignore忽视，不理睬。根据后文“that they could no longer share their happiness with beloved Bobbie”可知，波比走失后，一直找不到，所以弗兰克一家人必须接受无法与波比分享的事实。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：秋去冬来，这家人不得不接受这个事实，他们再也不能与亲爱的波比分享快乐和幸福。A. weeks周；B. fortnights十四天，两周；C. months月；D. seasons季节。根据最后一段中的“Imagine being 2,500 miles from home with no transportation and you cross freezing cold mountains and deserts for half a year.”可知，波比远离家，在山上和沙漠流浪了半年。“half a year”和“six months”相对应，属于同义复现。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，诺娃走在街上，当她看见树林里出现了一个凌乱、衣衫褴褛的身影时，她震惊了。A. shocked震惊；B. attracted吸引；C. fell摔倒，击倒；D. smiled微笑。根据后文“Nova screamed out ‘Bobbie’”可推测，诺娃当时看到并认出波比时，非常震惊，甚至尖叫着叫它的名字。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的眼睛半闭，因受伤而发红，他的脚在流血。A. tears眼泪；B. injuries伤口；C. shame羞愧；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文“His eyes were half-closed and red”和后文his feet bleeding”可知，波比的脚在流血，眼睛睁不开，而且红着，因此可推测出眼睛是有伤的。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺娃尖叫着“波比”，不一会儿，波比意识到了什么，开始一次又一次地跳起来亲吻她的脸，发出不清晰的欣慰声，夹杂着喜悦的啜泣。A. kiss亲吻；B. meet遇见；C. see看见；D. avoid避免。根据空前“Bobbie began jumping up again and again”及空后“her face”可知，波比是向上蹦着去亲吻诺娃的脸颊。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺娃尖叫着叫了一声“波比”，博比意识到什么，开始一次又一次地跳起来吻她的脸，发出不清晰的欣慰声，夹杂着喜悦的啜泣。A. depression沮丧；B.relief欣慰；C. regret悔意；D. gratitude感谢。根据上文“Bobbie began jumping up again and again to 　　11　　her face, making unclear sounds of relief”及常识可知，波比再一次见到自己的主人，应该是很高兴，发出不清晰的欣慰声。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：回家后，他摇了摇尾巴，翻了个身，举起垫子，用眼睛盯着家人，似乎在告诉他们自己回家的冒险之旅。A. ambition雄心；B. view观点，风景；C. outing远足；D. adventure冒险。根据后文“Imagine being 2, 500 miles from home with no transportation and you cross freezing cold mountains and deserts for half a year.”可知，波比在外流浪半年后，终于在回家的一路上经历了各种事，并不是单纯的旅游出行，而是冒险之旅。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太不可思议了!A. innocent清白的；B. incredible难以置信地；C. abnormal反常的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据前文“Imagine being 2,500 miles from home with no transportation and crossing freezing cold mountains and deserts for half a year.”可知，波比成功经历一系列艰险回到家，这是不可思议的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是奇迹狗波比成功了。A. Hiker徒步者；B. Man人类；C. Dog狗；D. Kid孩子。根据前文“At home he shook his tail,”以及全文通读下来，可判断出波比是一只狗。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shadow theater is a unique art form in China. Thanks to the basic principle of light and shadow projected (投影) onto a screen, performers use puppets (玩偶) ____56____ (make) from animal skins to tell stories in a form of opera. Two thousand years ago, the sadness of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty over the death of his favorite lover was ____57____ (full) relieved by the projection of her figure through a game of lights. This started ____58____ is now known in China as the earliest form of shadow play.
Among all the country’s branches, Beijing shadow theater stands ____59____ for its techniques and its specific tunes. It ____60____ (experience) a long period of formation and now features unique performance methods. Its vocal (声乐的) tone and actual puppets draw ____61____ (inspire) from Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera.
Previously the shadow theater ____62____ (perform) in the fields, with all performers hidden behind the scenes. Some controlled the puppets and sang while others managed the music. A performing group would consist of six or seven people and a box of puppets. When people put on ____63____ play at a market, a light box and a curtain would be enough ____64____ (start) the show. Requiring only a few things, the theater was characterized by its mobility, _____65_____ (appear) at weddings, dinner parties and Chinese New Year celebrations often.
【答案】56. made
57. fully 58. what
59. out 60. has experienced
61. inspiration
62. was performed
63. a 64. to start
65. appearing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮影戏的历史，以及相关的知识。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于光影投射到屏幕上的基本原理，表演者使用动物皮制成的木偶以歌剧的形式讲故事。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“puppets”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填made。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：两千年前，西汉武帝为他心爱的情人去世而悲伤，通过灯光游戏投射出她的身影，完全缓解了悲伤。修饰动词“relieve”用副词形式，故填fully。
【58题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这就是现在中国最早的皮影戏形式。这里为宾语从句的连接词，宾语从句缺少主语，且指物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【59题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在全国所有的分支机构中，北京皮影戏以其技术和独特的曲调脱颖而出。固定搭配：stand out，意为“突出”。故填out。
【60题详解】
考查时态。句意：它经历了漫长的形成过程，形成了独特的表现方式。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“now features unique performance methods”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为it，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has experienced。
【61题详解】
考查名词。句意：它的声音和木偶的灵感来自昆曲和京剧。根据空前的draw可知，空处为名词担当宾语。故填inspiration。
【62题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：以前，皮影戏是在田野里表演的，所有的演员都躲在幕后。这里为本句谓语动词，根据previously可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the shadow theater”，单数，和动词perform之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was performed。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当人们在市场上演出时，一个灯箱和一个幕布就足够开始演出了。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们在市场上演出时，一个灯箱和一个幕布就足够开始演出了。enough to do sth.足够做某事，不定式担当结果状语。故填to start。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：皮影戏只需要很少的东西，它的特点是流动性强，经常出现在婚礼、宴会和中国新年庆祝活动中。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，动词“appear”和主句主语“the theater”为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填appearing。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举行主题为“My Youth，My Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请你给外教Lisa写一封邮件，邀请她担任评委。内容包括：
1.比赛目的；
2.时间和地点；
3.期待参与。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;’
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Lisa,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Lisa,
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest.
The English speech contest is entitled “My Youth, My Dream”, which is aimed to make us senior students firm in our ideals and determined to strive. It will be held at 8:00 am on February 23th in the lecture hall in our school. As you are an expert in life planning, your attendance means so much to us.
It would be our great honor if you could accept our invitation and get you time spared. Looking forward to your timely reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Lisa写一封电子邮件，邀请她担任“My Youth，My Dream”为主题的英语演讲比赛的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：contest→competition
命名：entitle→name
旨在与：be aimed to→be intended to/be designed to
因为：as→because/since
2.句式拓展简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest.
拓展句：I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest, which will be held in our lecture hall February 23th.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The English speech contest is entitled “My Youth, My Dream”, which is aimed to make us senior students firm in our ideals and determined to strive. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]It would be our great honor if you could accept our invitation and get you time spared. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Almost all of my holidays were spent with my grandpa. My grandpa was a retired army officer and the years in the army had made him a very tough person, which helped him a lot in fighting with cancer for a long time. Silver and golden stars on his shoulders and medals on his chest in grandma’s old photo albums reflected the marks of his distinguished service and numerous adventures. Grandpa had fine qualities and was a real personality. He was strict with his family, me included, as well as himself.
In our ancestral house there was a big pond as was common in bygone Bengali homes with lots of trees and bushes. Both my grandparents were fond of our so-called garden. One morning our new neighbor saw my grandpa planting two trees on both sides of our main gate, which still stand tall today. Across the street our new neighbor also got the same kind of tree and planted the trees exactly on both sides of his gate too.
My grandpa didn’t often give enough amount of water to his plants and didn’t always give his full attention to them, while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and looked after them too well. My grandpa’s plants were simple but looked good. But our neighbor’s plants were much fuller and greener.
Normally, during April and May, we have short but violent thunderstorms called “Kalboishakhi”. One late evening during a Kalboishakhi we had showers with strong winds, which continued right throughout that night. Next morning along with my grandparents I came out to inspect the damage to our garden. I saw our neighbor was there in his garden too, but looked upset as his plants were uprooted. But, our plants were not damaged and were standing firm on the ground.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grandpa’s explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Seeing this, our neighbor was surprised and curious. He came up to my grandpa and asked with a touch of embarrassment, “How is this possible? I actually looked after my plants better.” My grandpa had his signature smile on and replied, “What you did spared the plants the need to work themselves hard for anything. I gave them just certain water and let their roots do the rest to search for more. And their roots went deeper, which made their position stronger. That is why they survived.”
Grandpa’s explanations not only convinced the neighbor, but made me realize something. My grandpa was strict with me on many occasions with his do’s and don’ts, and that drove me to be independent and work hard for what I wanted, which, however, I’d rarely noticed. I became aware that anything easily got can go off much more easily. Still after a rainy night when the sun is clear and bright the next morning it reminds me of my grandpa’s words. The guidance has taken root in my mind and influences me all the way.
【解析】
【导语】文章以种树为线索展开，讲述作者几乎每个假期都在爷爷家度过，他们的老院子里有很多树。一天爷爷的新邻居看见作者爷爷在大门的两侧种植了两棵树，就也在自家的大门两侧种植了两棵同样的树。作者的爷爷不经常给他的植物浇足量的水，而爷爷的邻居则给他的植物浇很多水，关怀备至。在一次强烈的雷暴大雨中，邻居的树被连根拔起，但作者爷爷的树仍安然无恙。
【详解】1.段落续写
①根据第一段首句“看到这个结果，我们的邻居既惊讶又好奇。”，再结合续写第二段的开头语“爷爷的解释不仅说服了邻居，也让我意识到一些事情。”可知，本段应围绕邻居与作者爷爷关于为何邻居的树被连根拔起而作者爷爷的树却安然无恙而进行的交流展开。
②根据第二段首句“爷爷的解释不仅说服了邻居，也让我意识到一些事情”可知，本段应围绕作者从上述事件中得到的感悟以及该事件对作者生活的影响展开。
2.续写线索：邻居惊讶——爷爷解释原因——说服邻居——作者的感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①照顾：look after/take care of/attend to
②寻找：search/seek
③注意：notice/take notice of
情绪类
①尴尬：embarrassment/awkwardness
②微笑：smile/beam
【点睛】[高分句型1]What you did spared the plants the need to work themselves hard for anything. (运用了what引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2]My grandpa was strict with me on many occasions with his do’s and don’ts, and that drove me to be independent and work hard for what I wanted, which, however, I’d rarely noticed. (运用了what引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
高二物理
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置。
2.选择题答案必须用2B铅笔（按填涂样例）正确填涂；非选择题答案必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。
一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 2020年我国将全面进入万物互联的商用网络新时代，即5G时代。所谓5G是指第五代通信技术，采用3300~5000MHz（1M=106）频段的无线电波。现行的第四代移动通信技术4G，其频段范围是1880~2635MHz。未来5G网络的传输速率（指单位时间传送的数据量大小）可达10Gbps（bps为bitspersecond的英文缩写，即比特率、比特/秒），是4G网络的50~100倍。下列说法正确的是（　　）
A. 4G信号和5G信号都是纵波
B. 4G信号更容易发生衍射现象
C. 4G信号和5G信号相遇能产生稳定干涉现象
D. 5G信号比4G信号在真空中的传播速度快
2. 如图所示，、是监测交流高压输电参数的互感器，一个用来测高压电流，一个用来测高压电压，则下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. 是测交流电压的仪器 B. 是测交流电流的仪器
C. a是电流表，b是电压表 D. a是电压表，b是电流表
3. 如图所示，虚线是正弦交流电的图像，实线是另一交流电的图像，它们的周期T和最大值相同，则实线所对应的交流电的有效值U满足（　　）

A. B. C. D.
4. 某研究性学习小组的同学设计的电梯坠落的应急安全装置如图所示，在电梯挂厢上安装永久磁铁，并在电梯的井壁上铺设线圈，这样可以在电梯突然坠落时减小对人员的伤害。关于该装置，下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. 当电梯突然坠落时，该安全装置可使电梯停在空中
B. 当电梯坠落至永久磁铁在图示位置时，闭合线圈A、B中的电流方向相反
C. 当电梯坠落至永久磁铁在图示位置时，只有闭合线圈A在阻碍电梯下落
D. 当电梯坠落至永久磁铁在图示位置时，只有闭合线圈B在阻碍电梯下落
5. 如图甲，LC电路中的电流正在变大，保持L不变，改变电容器的电容，回路中电容器两端的电压变化如图乙，则下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. 回路中的磁场能正在向电场能转化
B. 电路1中电容为电路2中电容的4倍
C. 电路2中的电流最大时，电路1中的电流也一定最大
D. 电路2中电容器的最大电荷量与电路1中电容器的最大电荷量相等
6. 如图甲所示，一个环形导线线圈的电阻为r、面积为S，其位于一垂直于环形面向里的匀强磁场中，磁场的磁感应强度B随时间t变化的规律如图乙所示。有一电阻R将其两端分别与图甲中的环形线圈a、b相连，其余电阻不计，在0～t0时间内，下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. a、b间的电压大小为，a点电势高于b点
B. a、b间的电压大小为，a点电势低于b点
C. 流过R的电流大小为，方向从上到下
D. 流过R的电流大小为，方向从下到上
7. 在如图所示的电路中，变压器为理想变压器，原、副线圈的匝数比为1︰2，三个定值电阻的阻值相同，电压表为理想交流电表。现在a、b端输入正弦式交变电流，电键S断开时，电压表的示数为U1，电键S闭合后，电压表的示数为U2，则的值为（　　）

A. B. C. D.
8. 如图所示，空间直角坐标系的xOz平面是光滑水平面，空间中有沿z轴正方向的匀强磁场，磁感应强度大小为B。现有两块平行的薄金属板，彼此闻距为d，构成一个电容为C的电容器，电容器的下极板放在xOz平面上；在两板之间焊接一根垂直于两板的电阻不计的金属杆MN，已知两板和杆MN的总质量为m，若对杆MN施加一个沿x轴正方向的恒力F，两金属板和杆开始运动后，则（　　）

A. 金属杆MN中存在沿N到到M方向的感应电流
B. 两金属板间的电压始终保持不变
C. 两金属板和杆做加速度大小为的匀加速直线运动
D. 单位时间内电容器增加的电荷量为
二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得分，有选错的得0分。
9. 在如图甲所示LC振荡电路中，通过P点的电流随时间变化的图线如图乙所示，若把通过P点向右的电流规定为正值，则（　　）

A. 0至0.5ms内，电容器C正在充电
B. 0.5ms至1ms内，电容器上极板带正电
C. 1ms至1.5ms内，Q点比P点电势高
D. 1.5ms至2ms内，磁场能在减少
10. 如图所示电路中，理想变压器原线圈两接线柱间的交流电压的有效值不变，两灯泡L1、L2规格完全相同，在以下各种操作中各电路元件都没有损坏，下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. 仅使滑片M下移，电流表示数变大
B. 仅使滑片M下移，变压器原线圈中的电流变小
C. 仅使滑片N自变阻器端向b端移动，电流表示数一直增大
D. 仅使滑片N自变阻器端向b端移动，灯泡L2中的电流一直增大
11. 如图为模拟远距离输电的实验电路图，两理想变压器的匝数，四根模拟输电线的电阻、、、的阻值均为R，、为相同的理想交流电流表，、为相同的小灯泡，灯丝电阻，忽略灯丝电阻随温度的变化。当A、B端接入低压交流电源时（　　）

A. 、两灯泡的亮度相同
B. 表的示数小于表的示数
C. 两端的电压小于两端的电压
D. 消耗的功率大于消耗的功率
12. 有一边长为L、质量为m、总电阻为R的正方形导线框自磁场上方某处自由下落，如图所示。区域I、II中匀强磁场的磁感应强度大小均为B，二者宽度分别为L、H，且H＞L。导线框恰好匀速进入区域I，一段时间后又恰好匀速离开区域II，重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（　　）

A. 导线框离开区域II的速度大于
B. 导线框刚进入区域II时的加速度大小为g，方向竖直向上
C. 导线框进入区域II的过程产生的焦耳热为mgH
D. 导线框自开始进入区域I至刚完全离开区域II的时间为
三、非选择题：本题共6小题，共60分。
13. 在“探究变压器原、副线圈电压与匝数的关系”的实验中，
（1）下列器材需要的有___________。
A．干电池组 B．滑动变阻器 C．直流电压表 D．多用电表 E．学生电源
（2）在实验中，某同学保持原线圈的电压以及副线圈的匝数不变，仅增加原线圈的匝数，副线圈两端的电压将___________（选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”）。
（3）如图，当左侧线圈“0”“16”间接入9 V电压时，右侧线圈“0”“4”接线柱间输出电压可能是___________。

A．3.1 V B．2.5 V C．2.0V D．1.8V
14. 某实验小组探究影响感应电流方向的因素。所利用的器材有灵敏电流计、线圈、条形磁铁、一节干电池、开关、导线若干。实验步骤如下：
(1)按图甲连接电路，闭合开关，通过观察得到灵敏电流计___________方向和___________方向的关系；
(2)记下线圈绕向，将线圈和灵敏电流计连接成如图乙所示的闭合回路；
(3)把条形磁铁N极（或S极）向下插入线圈中，然后从线圈中拔出，每次记下电流计中指针偏转方向，然后根据步骤(1)的结论，判定出___________方向，从而确定___________方向；
(4)将实验结果汇总进行分析。由于线圈横截面积不变，因此磁场的变化就体现了磁通量的变化，该小组发现，当穿过线圈的磁通量增大时，感应电流的磁场与磁体的磁场方向相反，阻碍磁通量的增加；当穿过线圈的磁通量减小时，感应电流的磁场与磁体的磁场方向相同，阻碍磁通量的减小；
(5)总结概括。感应电流具有这样的方向，即___________。

15. 如图所示的电路中，电容器的电容C＝1 μF，线圈的自感系数L＝0.1 mH，先将开关S拨至a，这时电容器内有一带电油滴恰能保持静止，然后将开关S拨至b，经过3.14×10－5 s，油滴的加速度是多少？当油滴的加速度为何值时，LC回路中的振荡电流有最大值？(g取10m/s2，π取3.14，研究过程中油滴不与极板接触)

16. 在如图甲所示的电路中，螺线管匝数匝，横截面积。螺线管导线电阻，，，。在一段时间内，穿过螺线管的磁场的磁感应强度按如图乙所示的规律变化。求：
(1)螺线管中产生的感应电动势；
(2)闭合，电路中的电流稳定后，电阻的电功率；
(3)断开后，流经的电荷量。

17. 水力发电的基本原理就是将水流的机械能（主要指重力势能）转化为电能。某小型水力发电站水流量为Q=5m3/s（流量是指流体在单位时间内流过某一横截面的体积），落差为h=10m，发电机（内阻不计）的输出电压为U1=250V，输电线总电阻为r=4Ω，为了减小损耗采用了高压输电。在发电机处安装升压变压器，而在用户处安装降压变压器，其中n3:n4=190:11，用户获得电压U4=220V，用户获得的功率P4=1.9×105W，若不计变压器损失的能量，已知水的密度、重力加速度g=10m/s2。求：
（1）高压输电线中电流强度I2；
（2）升压变压器原、副线圈匝数比n1:n2；
（3）该电站将水能转化为电能的效率η有多大？

18. 足够长、电阻不计光滑平行金属导轨MN、PO倾斜放置，两根导轨间距，导轨平面与水平面间的夹角为，导轨底端连接阻值的电阻。导轨平面内以OC（OC与导轨垂直）为分界线，上方区域分布着垂直斜面向上的匀强磁场。取O点为坐标原点，沿导轨OQ向上为x轴正方向，匀强磁场的磁感应强度大小B随着x变化的关系图像如图乙所示。一根质量、电阻的金属棒置于导轨上，与导轨垂直且接触良好。若棒在外力F作用下以某一初速度从处沿导轨向上运动，运动过程中理想电压表的示数恒为4V。已知重力加速度，求金属棒
（1）运动到处的速度；
（2）从运动到的过程中，电阻R上产生的热量；
（3）从运动到的过程中，外力F所做的功；
（4）从运动到的过程中，流过电阻R的电荷量。