人教版高考英语一轮复习考点规范练 4Journey Across a Vast Land 穿越广袤的土地含答案

考点规范练4　Journey Across a Vast Land 穿越广袤的土地

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.A 　　　(grow) number of peasants have decided to move to the cities for better jobs. 

2.After 　　　　　　　(arise) in the morning, the first thing he does is to wash his face. 

3.While waiting for the opportunity to get 　　　　　　 (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 

4.In many people’s opinion, that country, though relatively small, is 　　　　　　　(please) to deal with. 

5.When I got up early the next day, I found the air on the hill good 　　　　　　　　　　　　(breathe). 

6.Even more difficulties appeared, including the 　　　　　　(freeze) weather conditions and the heavy storms. 

7.To my 　　　　　　　　(astonish), he has made such progress in English this term. 

8.They went to Toronto because they wanted to visit the 　　　　　　　(large) Chinatown there. 

9.We can see misty clouds 　　　　　　　(rise) from the great Niagara Falls. 

10.He glanced his eyes down the classified 　　　　　　(advertise) while waiting for the bus.

Ⅱ.选词填空

dress up　chat with　contrary to　owe...to... 　with terror　make use of　make a profit　date back to　later on　proceed to

1.The little boy shook 　　　　　　　　　　　　when the plane was about to take off. 

2.Looking back, Jackson 　　　　　　his success 　　　　　　the goal he set, the education he received, and above all, the efforts he made. 

3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 her elder brother, she was always considerate in her treatment of others. 

4.We should 　　　　　　　　　　　　the class time to help students grasp the text’s focus on content. 

5.When I 　　　　　　　　　　　　John over the tea, he said he felt excited at the thought of going home. 

6.Children often 　　　　　　themselves 　　　　　　as Superman to draw adults’ attention. 

7.The old temple, situated on top of the hill, 　　　　　　　　　　the Tang Dynasty. 

8.By reducing costs and improving service, the hotel has started to 　　　　　　　　again.

9.After taking some medicine, the sick lady felt much better 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

10.So I’d like to 　　　　　　　　　　the next stage. 

Ⅲ.金句默写

1.除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林, 她们旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物, 如鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, 　　　　　　　deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 

2.站在远处, 她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾, 惊叹不已。

　　　　　　　　　　　 , they were astonished to see misty clouds 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the great Niagara Falls,　　　　　　 is on the south side of the lake. 

3.总的来说, 蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市。

　　　　, Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. 

4.窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色, 地面盖着一层霜, 表明加拿大已进入秋季。

The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Canada. 

5.直到上午九点半, 她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。

It was 　　　　　　　　　　　　9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 

Ⅳ.完形填空

Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 　1　 of chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 　2　 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 　3　 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 　4　 to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. 

In the laboratory, chimps don’t 　5　 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbour to the next cage, he will pull 　6　—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbour gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. 

Human children, 　7　, are extremely cooperative.From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 　8　 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. 

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 　9　 in young children. One is that these 　10　 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 　11　. Another is that the helping behaviours are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 　12　 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 　13　 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. 

The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 　14　 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) 　15　 goal. 

1.A.structures　　 B.policies

C.behaviours D.responsibilities

2.A.conflict B.cooperate

C.offend D.negotiate

3.A.trust B.contact

C.isolate D.help

4.A.decline B.manage

C.attempt D.oblige

5.A.curiously B.reluctantly

C.naturally D.carelessly

6.A.in turn B.at random

C.with care D.in advance

7.A.all in all B.as a result

C.in no case D.on the other hand

8.A.cooperation B.availability

C.interrelationship D.attractiveness

9.A.cultivated B.motivated

C.possessed D.stimulated

10.A.attitudes B.instincts

C.experiences D.coincidences

11.A.creatively B.formally

C.socially D.competitively

12.A.develops B.decreases

C.changes D.disappears

13.A.abstract B.invisible

C.imaginary D.physical

14.A.infer B.adapt

C.absorb D.balance

15.A.realistic B.shared

C.specific D.ambitious

Ⅴ.语篇填空

(2021·全国乙)

Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1.　　　　　　(educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2.　　　　　　(develop) of the local areas.  

Ecotourism has 3.　　　　　　(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4.　　　　　　 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.  

Due to 5.　　　　　　 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6.　　　　　　 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: 

•Minimize the impact of 7.　　　　　　(visit) the place.  

•Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.

•Provide 8.　　　　　　(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.  

•Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.

Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9.　　　　　　(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 10.(have) a low impact on the natural environment.  

答案：

Ⅰ.1.growing　2.arising　3.promoted　4.pleasant　5.to breathe　6.freezing　7.astonishment　8.largest　9.rising　10.advertisements

Ⅱ.1.with terror　2.owed; to　3.Contrary to　4.make use of　5.chatted with　6.dress; up　7.dates back to　8.make a profit　9.later on　10.proceed to

Ⅲ.1.In addition to; including　2.Standing in the distance; rising from; which　3.Overall　4.confirming that autumn had arrived　5.not until

Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩出色得多, 这是因为人类的思维中有 “共同意向性”, 而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。

1.C　根据下文介绍的黑猩猩与人类社会行为的比较可知, 黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似, 故C项正确。

2.B　根据空后的like gathering in war parties to protect their territory可知, 黑猩猩会聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地, 这说明它们会互相合作, 故B项正确。

3.D　转折连词But表明此处与前面说的互相合作相反, 除了作为社会人的最低要求之外, 它们几乎不会互相帮助, 故D项正确。

4.A　此处说明, 甚至黑猩猩妈妈也会拒绝与孩子分享食物, 故A项正确。

5.C　在实验室里, 黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。故C项正确。

6.B　如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里, 在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物, 或者不费更大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居, 它只会随意拉——只是不在乎邻居是否被喂饱。故B项正确。

7.D　另一方面, 人类儿童从很小的时候就非常合作, 他们决定帮助他人, 分享信息, 参与实现共同目标。上文介绍的是黑猩猩的行为, 下文介绍的是人类的行为, 与黑猩猩的行为形成对比, 用on the other hand引出下文, 故D项正确。

8.A　上文说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作, 所以心理学家迈克尔·托马塞洛在实验中研究了这种合作, 故A项正确。

9.C　上文说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作, 这说明这些行为不是教出来的, 而是人类生来就有的(本能), 故C项正确。

10.B　上文说这些行为不是教出来的, 而是生来就有的, 因此它们是人类的本能, 故B项正确。

11.C　帮助、告知和分享都属于社交行为, 此处指在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子学习社交之前, 故C项正确。

12.A　第三个原因是儿童社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展, 至少与黑猩猩相比是这样。故A项正确。

13.D　在托马塞洛进行的测试中, 人类儿童在物理世界测试中并不比黑猩猩表现得更好, 但在理解社交世界方面表现得要好得多。根据空后的the social world可知, 与社交世界相对的应该是物理世界, 故D项正确。

14.A　上文说儿童思维中有托马塞洛所说的共同意向性, 而黑猩猩的思维中却没有, 这种能力会让人类儿童可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么, 所以他们从小就知道合作和分享, 故A项正确。

15.B　但除此之外, 即使是很小的孩子也希望成为共同目标的一部分。他们积极寻求成为 “我们” 的一部分, 一个致力于实现共同目标的团体。根据空前的a shared purpose可知此处指“共同的、共享的”, 故B项正确。

Ⅴ.1.educated　2.development　3.its　4.until    5.the　6.of　7.visiting　8.financial

9.Activities　10.to have