上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共42页。

完形填空
Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of systems of living things) and tourism. It is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that preserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people” by the International Ecotourism Society. Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a(n) ___1___ way. It's a big business, and the attraction of money can cause people to think about profits first. While ecotourism offers benefits to people and ecosystems, it leaves ecosystems ___2___ to negative effects, too.
Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony, and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been ___3___. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks, ___4___ thanks to ecotourism. Nevertheless, due to the number of people visiting the country's natural places, some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.
While tourists can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been ___5___ by industries such as farming, logging, or mining if there were no ecotourism industry. Shelters have been created instead, keeping the ecosystem protected. And, by visiting beautiful rain forests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their ___6___, and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.
Unfortunately, while their effect may not be ___7___ in the off-season, the constant parade of visitors in the high season can be damaging. At one national park in Costa Rica, wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists. In addition, ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants, ___8___ the most delicate living things.
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry, but it is important to be ___9___ as well. Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem. It is also ____10____ to suppose that humans won't go anywhere accessible to them. If protection efforts are maintained and increased, those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed, but they won't be destroyed.
1．A．attractive B．natural C．different D．responsible
2．A．alone B．accountable C．open D．out
3．A．lost B．created C．abandoned D．shifted
4．A．mainly B．comparatively C．unfortunately D．barely
5．A．fertilized B．destroyed C．reserved D．stimulated
6．A．liberty B．hardness C．welfare D．value
7．A．uncertain B．noticeable C．rigid D．special
8．A．appreciating B．discovering C．sheltering D．pressuring
9．A．positive B．creative C．effective D．sensitive
10．A．feasible B．reasonable C．unrealistic D．inevitable


"A woman's life isn't complete until she has____11____ ."says Lao Bai as he toasts his friends at the dinner table. The line is produced at the dinner party，a____12____ scene from the latest romantic comedy B for Busy（爱情神话），which is starred by attractive actresses such as Ma Yili, Ni Hongjie and Wu Yue.
With the audience merrily immersed in the carefully designed plots and lines of the film, the ____13____ of feminist consciousness is distinctly perceived. Indeed, the film featuring the local culture of Shanghai took only a few days to become the highest-rated Chinese movie of 2021 on Douban because the film, as opposed to a wealth of other conventional films, ____14____ the traditional male gaze, pushing the boundaries of female empowerment even further. As the line at the beginning implies, more and more Chinese women are going all out to ____15____ themselves from the traditional restrictions set by men and to erase huge sexist bias with great achievements.
Have those women pioneers achieved a huge success in the male's world? Not nearly.
With the opening of the Winter Olympics in Beijing, a grieving ____16____ unkindly unfolded online before all the Chinese people. One is Eileen Gu, the 18-year-old skier winning two gold medals for China; the other is a chained mother of eight locked in a doorless hut.
The huge gap between them serves as a ____17____ reminder that the poverty gap remains hard to bridge in China. The extent of a person's ____18____ determines how cozy his/her life turns out to be. A simple but underlying principle is that the wealthier you are, the wider access you will have to novelties, which will further your ____19____ on the world. Accordingly, in relatively wealthy areas, the prominent Eileen Gu stands a chance to pursue her dream and secure perfect skiing abilities, thus greeting herself with spiritual gratification in self-fulfillment. ____20____ in comparatively destitute areas, women are denied the access to self-refinement, subjected to men's incurable obsession with having ____21____ and thus they reluctantly perform the mission of carrying on the family line-for husbands. The fundamental cause of it comes down to poverty, resulting in the poor's limited horizons, which invariably contribute to ____22____ misconduct.
On a whole scale, China still has a long way to go because it has just ____23____ the relief of absolute poverty, not relative poverty. Even if relative poverty is tackled, a lag period awaits before the ____24____ of deep-rooted concept resulting from it, requiring women's continuous fight.
Thereby, as we take a close look at our country, attention should not be ____25____ paid to those glorious sportswomen; spotlight also needs to be cast upon those unfortunate women trapped in deep darkness. Be it Eileen Gu or the chained woman in Xuzhou, each one of them, as Lao Bai introduces himself in B for Busy, represents a different and real part of China.
11．A．married B．rebelled C．sacrificed D．paid
12．A．tragic B．historic C．pitiful D．splendid
13．A．skepticism B．awakening C．threat D．dedication
14．A．stands the test of B．keeps in line with C．casts light on D．steers away from
15．A．celebrate B．contain C．unleash D．abandon
16．A．issue B．pair C．contrast D．report
17．A．sore B．timely C．merciful D．constant
18．A．knowledge B．horizon C．status D．richness
19．A．impact B．outlook C．opponent D．inability
20．A．prediction B．interaction C．suspicion D．reflection
21．A．marriage B．wealth C．offspring D．career
22．A．sensible B．subjective C．demanding D．absurd
23．A．realized B．converted C．reversed D．triggered
24．A．understanding B．preservation C．elimination D．acknowledge
25．A．repeatedly B．fundamentally C．constructively D．exclusively

On March 11, 2021, World Kidney (肾脏) Day, the actress Raisa wrote on Twitter: “I’ve kept my kidney donation process pretty private. However, I think I’ve got to a point where I feel comfortable in speaking about my experience...” Showing her ____26____, the singer Gomez responded, writing: “Thank you for blessing me.”
In 2015, Gomez was diagnosed with a terrible disease and soon she became seriously ill. She even had to deal with the mental health problems ____27____ from her battle with the disease.
Although she was then living with Raisa, Gomez did not tell her long-time friend about the ____28____ of her health troubles. “I hadn’t asked anything. I knew that she hadn’t been feeling well,” Raisa recalled in an interview. “She couldn’t open a water bottle one day. She then started crying, and I asked, ‘What’s wrong?’” That’s when Gomez revealed that she needed a kidney transplant (移植), but that the waiting list was ____29____ long. Deeply ____30____ about her friend’s condition, Raisa decided that she would get tested to see if she could be a ____31____ for her. Gomez immediately refused, not wanting to make Raisa put her entire career and life ____32____ for her, but the actress insisted, and amazingly turned ____33____ to be a match indeed.
With physical and psychological evaluations (评估) taking place over the ____34____ of a single day rather than the usual six months, Gomez and Raisa began their ____35____ journey. The surgery was ____36____ successful. It wasn’t long, however, before Gomez’s new kidney began to turn around inside her body, which then resulted in a second surgery, ____37____ by a lengthy process of recovery. Gomez, now back to normal, is certain that she ____38____ her life to Raisa, a true friend indeed.
Both Gomez and Raisa said it was their ____39____ that guided them through their emotional journey. The pair also hope that sharing their story can have a positive impact on others. “I don’t think what we went through was ____40____. I just hope this inspires people to believe that there’re really good people in the world,” said Gomez.
26．A．gratitude B．generosity C．determination D．anticipation
27．A．suffering B．resulting C．escaping D．hearing
28．A．extent B．prevention C．meaning D．recovery
29．A．violently B．respectfully C．hopelessly D．greedily
30．A．curious B．fascinated C．excited D．concerned
31．A．donor B．helper C．volunteer D．carrier
32．A．in order B．at risk C．in doubt D．in vain
33．A．away B．out C．down D．over
34．A．duration B．procedure C．concept D．cause
35．A．shared B．similar C．smooth D．safe
36．A．gradually B．naturally C．originally D．instantly
37．A．driven B．enhanced C．depressed D．followed
38．A．owes B．contributes C．introduces D．devotes
39．A．effort B．fortune C．faith D．bravery
40．A．complicated B．easy C．realistic D．peaceful

Imagine meeting someone for the first time who comes from some distant country but is fluent in your language. There may appear to be no immediate communication ____41____, so would you adapt the tone of your voice? How about adjusting your body language and facial expressions, ____42____ on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and think carefully about your hand gestures?
These are just a handful of the unobvious ____43____ in behavior that indicate your “cultural intelligence,” or CQ. Now, there is growing evidence that suggests they are well worth learning.
“The top ____44____of your success in today’s borderless world is not your IQ, not your resume, and not even your expertise (专长),” writes social scientist David Livermore in his book The Cultural Intelligence Difference. “It’s your CQ.”
Much of the research on CQ has been conducted by Soon Ang, a professor of management at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Ang ____45____ an international team of programmers to help solve problems.
These programmers were some of the brightest minds in the business, but Ang soon found that they have difficulty working ____46____. Often, individual members would appear to agree on a solution, but then carry it out in completely ____47____ways.
These findings led Ang to team up with British psychologist Christopher Earley. Together, they built a theory of CQ, which they defined as "the ability to function effectively in a variety of cultural ____48____.”
Typically, CQ is measured by evaluating four key components. The first is “CQ Drive” –the ____49____ to learn about other cultures. Then, there is “CQ Knowledge,” which is an understanding of some of the general cultural differences. “CQ Strategy,” meanwhile, examines how you _____50_____ those difficult conflicts and learn from them. Finally, “CQ Action” involves your behavioral _____51_____--whether you are able to adapt your behavior like a “cultural chameleon (变色龙).”
Someone with _____52_____ CQ might have a tendency to view everyone else’s behavior through his own cultural lens. If he comes from a more sociable environment, for instance, and notices that his Japanese colleagues are very _____53_____ in a meeting, he may think that they are being unfriendly or bored. A person at the top of the scale, _____54_____, might realize that silence is a sign of respect and that feedback won’t be given unless it is invited.
A high CQ could be crucial in a wide range of careers, from bankers and soldiers to scientists and teachers - anyone, who regularly interacts with people from different backgrounds. Therefore, instead of just caring about your IQ and EQ, perhaps you should put _____55_____ value on enhancing your CQ!
41．A．opportunities B．barriers C．skills D．systems
42．A．depending B．agreeing C．insisting D．focusing
43．A．benefits B．similarities C．shifts D．features
44．A．step B．priority C．rank D．predictor
45．A．reminded B．gathered C．dismissed D．employed
46．A．diligently B．punctually C．cooperatively D．readily
47．A．different B．acceptable C．normal D．sensible
48．A．intentions B．contexts C．contents D．options
49．A．motivation B．right C．promise D．capacity
50．A．make sense of B．take control of C．gain access to D．break away from
51．A．reliability B．responses C．models D．flexibility
52．A．low B．moderate C．growing D．equivalent
53．A．tense B．talkative C．quiet D．ambitious
54．A．in addition B．after all C．by contrast D．for instance
55．A．equal B．inadequate C．symbolic D．practical

Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else? You'll quickly determine the actions that best fit the ___56___-what humans call having“common sense”.
However, ___57___ “obstacles” that no human would ever stop for, AI self-driving vehicles are likely to apply the brakes unexpectedly.The challenges for self-driving vehicles won’t be solved by giving them more training data or rules for what to do in unusual situations. To be trustworthy, these vehicles need common sense to solve the object-in-the-road problem: broad ___58___ about the properties of objects and an ability to ___59___ adapt that knowledge in new circumstances. You can predict, ___60___, that while a pile of glass on the road won’t flyaway as you approach, birds likely will. From this ___61___ the term “common sense” seems to ___62___ exactly what current AI systems cannot do.Their lack of a ___63___ of commonsense makes them susceptible to unpredictable errors, which humans will never make.
Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns, based on data gathered from extensive collections of human-labeled examples.This ___64___ is very different from how humans learn. We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge of certain basic concepts--including the ideas of objects and events and the nature of space. We aren’t even ____65____ that we have it, or that it forms the basis for all future learning. A big lesson from decades of AI research is how hard it is to teach such ____66____ to machines.
The history of planting common sense in AI systems has largely focused on cataloging human knowledge: manually programming and ____67____ stereotyped(模式化的)situations. But all such attempts face a possibly fatal ____68____. Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten,unspoken,and not even in our conscious awareness.
A US AI research agency recently launched a programme. It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby. It might seem strange that ____69____ a baby is considered a grand challenge for AI, but this reflects the gulf between AI's success in specific fields and more general intelligence. If we can figure out how to get our machines to learn like children, perhaps after some years, these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers--ones who are sufficiently sensible to be ____70____ with the car keys.
56．A．situation B．environment C．context D．regulation
57．A．inspecting B．locating C．tracking D．spotting
58．A．horizon B．mind C．knowledge D．control
59．A．casually B．flexibly C．routinely D．mechanically
60．A．as a result B．in a word C．for example D．in the meantime
61．A．perspective B．conclusion C．condition D．inference
62．A．diagnose B．analyze C．specify D．capture
63．A．prediction B．foundation C．definition D．motivation
64．A．process B．experience C．tendency D．strategy
65．A．content B．confident C．conscious D．concerned
66．A．approaches B．procedures C．skills D．concepts
67．A．registering B．presenting C．uncovering D．reviewing
68．A．obstacle B．prejudice C．consequence D．error
69．A．training B．raising C．delivering D．matching
70．A．burdened B．rewarded C．entrusted D．honored

A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in the business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also proves to be a/an ____71____ way of running a company. Here’re the main ____72____ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected ____73____ to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.
The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the cost of ____74____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really ____75____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the ____76____ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the ____77____ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a/an ____78____ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____79____ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are ____80____ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. ____81____, good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ____82____ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.
Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes —no question about that.But decisions are only as good as the ____83____ go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could bring ____84____ to some companies. Business may keep the ____85____ as it is necessary for being competitive, but the company is likely to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with care and patience.
71．A．numerous B．excellent C．dangerous D．smart
72．A．points B．matters C．solutions D．barriers
73．A．response B．rejection C．acceptance D．methods
74．A．quickly B．properly C．timely D．widely
75．A．make B．follow C．back D．speed
76．A．remedy B．thirst C．passion D．need
77．A．advice B．warning C．doubt D．puzzle
78．A．subject B．aim C．object D．method
79．A．decreased B．changed C．increased D．lengthened
80．A．made B．accepted C．ignored D．discussed
81．A．Instead B．In addition C．For example D．Nevertheless
82．A．changing B．instructing C．requiring D．analyzing
83．A．hands B．hearts C．eyes D．brains
84．A．chances B．risks C．profits D．benefits
85．A．obedience B．effectiveness C．quickness D．flexibility

How many people can speak English? Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English.
Never in recorded history has a language been as _____86_____ spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and _____87_____, the key to prosperity. It is not just that multinational companies conduct their business in English; it is the language in which Germans speak to Indonesians.
David Gtaddol, the author of English Next, says it is tempting to view the story of English simply as a victory for its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia— but that would be a _____88_____ . Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might _____89_____ .
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-nativespeakers now _____90_____ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of _____91_____ in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more _____92_____ when there are no native English speakerspresent. This is because native speakers are often _____93_____ at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact _____94_____ problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdam, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be “less _____95_____” so that the others could understand her.
Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English at the University of Vienna, records spoken English _____96_____ between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are _____97_____ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most fluent speakers sometimes omit the "s" in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are _____98_____ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (eg, “informations”, “knowledges”, advices”). Other variations include “make a discussion”, “discuss about something”, or “phone to somebody”.
Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes. “Knowledges”and “phone to somebody” are simply _____99_____. Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would agree. But language changes, and so do ideas of grammatical _____100_____ .
86．A．well B．widely C．fully D．regularly
87．A．besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．however
88．A．mistake B．success C．challenge D．competition
89．A．forget B．undergo C．justify D．dislike
90．A．understand B．envy C．outnumber D．overload
91．A．encounters B．instructions C．negotiations D．treatments
92．A．roughly B．slowly C．swiftly D．smoothly
93．A．poor B．angry C．clever D．skillful
94．A．equipment B．economy C．comprehension D．culture
95．A．visible B．considerate C．English D．foreign
96．A．grammar B．interactions C．courses D．vocabulary
97．A．studying B．explaining C．checking D．varying
98．A．required B．deleted C．judged D．stressed
99．A．harmful B．impolite C．wrong D．illogical
100．A．phenomenon B．research C．structure D．correctness

Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication. Countries that fared well had both in abundance; those that didn’t often faltered. The TIMES survey results reflect this, with____101____was “leadership and public communication strategies” the only category in which every rated, on average, at least 4 out of 5 for priority. The highest ranking in the category went to “ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance”. The importance of this cannot be overstated. In the U.S., it made no sense to have 50 states ____102____ their own supplies of masks and tests, and 50 different sets of rules to contain (or not) the disease. As a former local health official, I can tell you that local health departments are chronically under ____103____ and so rely on federal entities to formulate clear____104____ and evidence-based policy guidance, which ___105___ those closer to the ground to tailor the specifics to their communities. Being able to point to federal guidelines helps serve as political cover-important when the recommendations ask for difficult actions, such as shuttering businesses and ____106____ stay-at-home orders.
The TIMES survey also identifies global health governance as a top ____107____ including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority”. Unfortunately, the____108____of this intervention was rated 2.86. I agree with this low ranking. Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious ____109____. Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile, individual governments can take matters into their own ______110______. First, they must rigorously evaluate their country’s pandemic response and make necessary ______111______ to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination. Second, they should strengthen international scientific______112______. Third, willing countries can ______113______ multinational agreements for transparency, mutual aid and partnership.
Improvements in global public health must begin locally and be driven by leaders who will learn the hard ______114______ from COVID-19. If we can ______115______the key factors that need reform, then we must agree on doing what it takes to prevent another tragedy.
101．A．proposal B．refusal C．adjustment D．substitute
102．A．influence B．promise C．secure D．pattern
103．A．smashed B．stuffed C．smoothed D．staffed
104．A．careers B．goals C．trends D．signs
105．A．employs B．emphasizes C．emerges D．empowers
106．A．imposing B．stretching C．challenging D．intruding
107．A．appeal B．solution C．principle D．priority
108．A．possibility B．feasibility C．availability D．practicality
109．A．property B．combination C．process D．calculation
110．A．hands B．ears C．mouths D．eyes
111．A．achievements B．judgements C．pavements D．investments
112．A．donations B．collaborations C．qualifications D．regulations
113．A．determine B．overlook C．initiate D．evaluate
114．A．lessons B．causes C．subjects D．models
115．A．make with B．show up C．take over D．agree on

There have been countless books and television series on living with teenagers, yet parents don’t seem to have ____116____ how to get their children to pick up their clothes from the bedroom floor, or even clean their room occasionally. It might be difficult to accept, but a new approach to dealing with rude or difficult teenagers is for parents to look at their own ____117____.
“The key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first,” says Penny Palmano, who has written a best-selling book on teenagers. “You can’t ____118____ to treat them the same way that you have been treating them for the previous 12 years: they have opinions that count. Imagine if you’d spent two hours getting ready to go out for the evening and someone said, ‘You’ve not going out looking like that, are you?’ You’d be very ____119____. You’d never say that to an adult, because it shows a total ____120____ of respect.”
Palmano, who has a daughter aged 19, has even allowed the girl to hold several teenage parties at her home. “I’ve found that if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then ____121____ them to do it, usually they’ll behave well,” she says. “I make them sandwiches and leave them alone. But I make it clear that they have to clear up any mess. I’ve never had a(n) ____122____; in fact, the kitchen was sometimes cleaner than I’d left it.”
She agrees that teenagers can be annoying: enjoying a world that is free of responsibility, yet ____123____ for independence. She doesn’t think, however, that they are ____124____ to annoy you. Until recently, scientists assumed that the brain finished growing at about the age of 13 and that teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for independence. But it turns out that the region of the brain that controls judgement and emotions is not fully _____125_____ until the early twenties.
“This would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or concentrate on several different things at the same time. _____126_____, they may find it difficult to make the right decision between watching television, ringing a friend, or finishing their homework. It means that they do not _____127_____ do the wrong thing just to annoy their parents,” says Palmano.
The key to _____128_____ for all, Palmano believes, is calm negotiation and compromise (妥协). If you want your teenagers to be home by 11 pm, explain why, but listen to their arguments as well. If it’s Saturday, you might _____129_____ agreeing to midnight (rather than 1 am, which is what they had in mind). If they are up to 20 minutes late, don’t react angrily. _____130_____, ask if they’ve had a problem with public transport and let it pass; they’ve almost managed what you asked.
116．A．questioned B．discovered C．discussed D．taught
117．A．behavior B．responsibility C．issue D．procedure
118．A．continue B．stop C．strive D．hesitate
119．A．curious B．ashamed C．upset D．unwise
120．A．mark B．feeling C．lack D．level
121．A．instruct B．require C．forbid D．trust
122．A．solution B．problem C．opinion D．voice
123．A．essential B．grateful C．desperate D．famous
124．A．affording B．failing C．promising D．trying
125．A．occupied B．mature C．valued D．fruitful
126．A．In addition B．By contrast C．On balance D．For example
127．A．occasionally B．intentionally C．universally D．significantly
128．A．happiness B．justice C．restriction D．courage
129．A．consider B．forget C．encourage D．forbid
130．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Furthermore D．Instead

When a human infant is born into any other community in any part of the world, it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them has been damaged in any way either before or during birth.
Firstly, and most obviously, new born children are completely ____131____. Apart from a powerful capacity to draw attention on their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing the new born child can do to ____132____ his own survival. Without ____133____ from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the ____134____ of many new born animals to get to their ____135____ within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young animals are certainly in ____136____, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human ____137____, they very quickly develop the capacity to ____138____ themselves. It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally ____139____ on the others that it reveals the second feature which it ______140______ with all other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn ______141______.
For this reason, biologists now suggest that language is "species specific" to the human race, that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetically ______142______ in such a way that it can ______143______ language. This suggestion implies that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just as they are designed to ______144______ upright rather man to move on all fours, so they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal ______145______ as well-formed human beings.
131．A．ignorant B．unknown C．inexperienced D．helpless
132．A．ensure B．gain C．emphasize D．solidify
133．A．notice B．affection C．care D．permission
134．A．possibility B．capacity C．try D．attempt
135．A．arms B．body C．feet D．limbs
136．A．anger B．danger C．control D．advance
137．A．race B．body C．infant D．power
138．A．feed B．defend C．help D．survive
139．A．dependent B．concentrated C．focusing D．operating
140．A．combines B．shares C．carries D．brings
141．A．walking B．feeding C．language D．skill
142．A．programmed B．set C．arranged D．made
143．A．create B．distinguish C．enrich D．acquire
144．A．sit B．walk C．stand D．move
145．A．state B．development C．performance D．Activity




参考答案：

1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生态旅游的利与弊。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，生态旅游可以意味着去遥远的地方欣赏自然美景，但并不总是以一种负责任的方式。A. attractive吸引人的；B. natural自然的；C. different不同的；D. responsible负责的。根据下文“It's a big business, and the attraction of money can cause people to think about profits first.(这是一个大生意，金钱的吸引力可以让人们首先考虑利润)”可知，盈利是生态游首先考虑的问题，并不总是以一种负责任的方式。故选D。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然生态旅游给人类和生态系统带来了好处，但它也会给生态系统带来负面影响。A. alone独自的；B. accountable负有责任的；C. open开放的；D. out出局的。根据上文“Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a(n) 1 way.(事实上，生态旅游可以意味着去遥远的地方欣赏自然美景，但并不总是以一种负责任的方式)”可知，虽然生态旅游给人类和生态系统带来了好处，但它也会给生态系统带来负面影响。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哥斯达黎加曾经是西班牙的殖民地，自1821年独立以来，拥有每年价值超过10亿美元的生态旅游产业，并创造了数千个就业机会。A. lost丢失；B. created创造；C. abandoned抛弃；D. shifted转移。结合上文“thousands of jobs have been…(成千上万的工作岗位已经…)”可知，哥斯达黎加的旅游业，创造了数千个就业机会。选B。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：近21.1%的土地现在是受保护的国家公园，这主要归功于生态旅游。A. mainly主要地；B. comparatively比较地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. barely仅仅。结合上句“Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks(近21.1%的土地现在是受保护的国家公园)”和后文“thanks to ecotourism(由于生态旅游)”可知，近21.1%的土地现在是受保护的国家公园，这主要归功于生态旅游。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然游客会对生态系统造成负面影响，但如果没有生态旅游业，这些地区可能已经被农业、伐木或采矿等行业所破坏。A. fertilized施肥；B. destroyed破坏；C. reserved保留；D. stimulated刺激。根据后文“by industries such as farming, logging, or mining(通过农业、伐木或采矿等行业)”可知，此处指这些地区被农业、伐木或采矿等行业所破坏。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过参观美丽的热带雨林和珍稀动物，游客们感受到了它们的价值以及对自然的感激之情。A. liberty自由；B. hardness坚硬；C. welfare福利；D. value价值。结合后文“and of gratitude for them(以及对他们的感激)”可知，游客通过参观这些地方，感受到了它们的价值，对自然产生感激之情。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，尽管他们的影响在淡季可能不明显，但旺季游客的不断涌入可能会造成破坏。A. uncertain不确定的；B. noticeable显而易见的；C.rigid僵化的；D. special特别的。结合后句“in the off-season(在淡季)”可知，淡季因为游客少，所以游客的影响在淡季并不明显。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，生态旅游者倾向于寻找有最稀有动物和植物的地方，给最脆弱的生物带来压力。A. appreciating欣赏；B. discovering发现；C. sheltering遮蔽；D. pressuring给……施加压力。根据后文“the most delicate living things(最脆弱的生物)”可知，旅游者的到来，会给脆弱的生物带来压力。故选D。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对生态旅游业提出批评很容易，但积极的态度也很重要。A. positive积极的；B. creative有创造力的；C. effective有效的；D. sensitive敏感的。结合后文“Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem.(生态旅游永远不可能“纯粹”。我们不能指望对生态系统的负面影响为零)”可知，本句想要表达：对生态旅游业提出批评很容易，但积极的态度也很重要。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：设想人类不会去任何他们能到达的地方也是不现实的。A. feasible可行的；B. reasonable合理的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. inevitable必然的。结合后文“humans won't go anywhere accessible to them(人类不会去它们能接近的地方)”可知，想要人类不会去任何他们能到的地方，这是不现实的。故选C。

11．B 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一部电影为导火索讲述了越来越多的中国女性正全力以赴，从男性设定的传统限制中解放出来，以巨大的成就消除巨大的性别歧视偏见，但中国仍有很长的路要走，因为相对贫困问题和根深蒂固的观念仍然存在，这需要妇女不断地斗争。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“一个女人的生命只有在她反抗之后才算完整。”老白一边在餐桌上向朋友们敬酒一边说。A. married结婚；B. rebelled反抗；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. paid支付。根据后文“As the line at the beginning implies, more and more Chinese women are going all out to … themselves from the traditional restrictions set by men and to erase huge sexist bias with great achievements.”可知，越来越多的中国女性正全力以赴，从男性设定的传统限制中解放出来，以巨大的成就消除巨大的性别歧视偏见，可推断这里是说一个女人的生命只有在她反抗之后才算完整。故选B项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这句台词是在晚宴上制作的，这是最新的浪漫喜剧《忙碌的B》中的一个精彩场景，由马伊利、倪虹洁和吴越等迷人的女演员主演。 A. tragic悲惨的；B. historic历史的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. splendid 辉煌的，精彩的。根据后文“With the audience merrily immersed in the carefully designed plots and lines of the film”可推断观众愉快地沉浸在精心设计的情节和台词中，所以这里是说浪漫喜剧中的一个精彩场景。故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着观众愉快地沉浸在精心设计的情节和台词中，女性意识的觉醒被清晰地感知到。 A. skepticism怀疑主义；B. awakening觉醒；C. threat威胁；   D. dedication奉献。根据后文“As the line at the beginning implies, more and more Chinese women are going all out to … themselves from the traditional restrictions set by men and to erase huge sexist bias with great achievements.”可知，越来越多的中国女性正全力以赴，从男性设定的传统限制中解放出来，以巨大的成就消除巨大的性别歧视偏见，可推断这里是说女性意识的觉醒被清晰地感知到。故选B项。
14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，这部以上海本土文化为特色的电影只花了几天时间就成为了豆瓣片上2021的中国最高电影，因为这部电影，与其他许多传统电影相比，避开了传统的男性视角，更进一步推动了女性赋权的边界。”A. stands the test of经得起；B. keeps in line with符合；    C. casts light on 阐明；D. steers away from 避开，远离。根据后文“pushing the boundaries of female empowerment even further.”可知，这部电影避开了传统的男性视角，推动了女性赋权的边界。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如开头这句话所暗示的那样，越来越多的中国女性正全力以赴，从男性设定的传统限制中解放出来，以巨大的成就消除巨大的性别歧视偏见。 A. celebrate庆祝； B. contain控制；C. unleash 释放； abandon放弃。根据后文“ to erase huge sexist bias with great achievements”可推知，女性正全力以赴，从男性设定的传统限制中解放出来。故选C项。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着北京冬奥会的开幕，一个令人悲伤的对比在网上无情地展现在所有中国人面前。A. issue问题；B. pair配对；C. contrast对比；D. report报告。根据后文“One is Eileen Gu, the 18-year-old skier winning two gold medals for China; the other is a chained mother of eight locked in a doorless hut.”可知，一位是18岁的滑雪者谷爱凌，她为中国赢得了两枚金牌；另一位是一位八个孩子的母亲，被锁在一间没有门的小屋里。这里是表示对比。故选C项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们之间的巨大差距令人痛心地提醒我们，在中国，贫困差距仍然难以弥合。 A. sore 疼痛的；B. timely及时的；C. merciful仁慈的；D. constant 恒定的，持续不断的。根据语境及前文两者的对比可知，这里是说她们的巨大差距，令人痛心。故选A项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个人的富裕程度决定了他或者她的生活有多舒适。A. knowledge知识； B. horizon视野；C. status状态；    D. richness富裕。根据后文“A simple but underlying principle is that the wealthier you are, the wider access you will have to novelties”可知，你越富有，你就越有机会接触到新奇事物，所以这里是说一个人的富裕程度决定了他或者她的生活有多舒适。故选D项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个简单但潜在的原则是，你越富有，你就越有机会接触到新奇事物，这将促进你对世界的展望。 A. impact影响；B. outlook前景，看法，展望；C. opponent对手；D. inability无能。根据前文“ the wealthier you are, the wider access you will have to novelties”可知，富有会使一个人有机会接触到新奇事物，这将促进你对世界的展望。故选B项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在相对贫困迷信的地区，女性被剥夺了自我完善的机会，受到男性对生育的无法治愈的痴迷，因此她们不情愿地履行为丈夫继承家族的使命。 A. prediction预测；B. interaction互动；C. suspicion怀疑，迷信；D. reflection反思。根据后文“women are denied the access to self-refinement, subjected to men's incurable obsession with having … and thus they reluctantly perform the mission of carrying on the family line-for husbands. ”可推知这是贫困地区迷信的思想，女性履行为丈夫继承家族的使命。故选C项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在相对贫困迷信的地区，女性被剥夺了自我完善的机会，受到男性对生育的无法治愈的痴迷，因此她们不情愿地履行为丈夫继承家族的使命。A. marriage婚姻；B. wealth财富；C. offspring子女；D. career事业。根据后文“ thus they reluctantly perform the mission of carrying on the family line-for husbands”可知，这里是说传宗接代。故选C项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其根本原因在于贫困，导致穷人的视野有限，这必然导致荒谬的不当行为。 A. sensible明智的；B. subjective主观的；C. demanding苛刻的；D. absurd荒谬的。根据前文“women are denied the access to self-refinement, subjected to men's incurable obsession with having … and thus they reluctantly perform the mission of carrying on the family line-for husbands. ”可知，这是一种荒谬的不当行为。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从整体上看，中国仍有很长的路要走，因为它刚刚实现了对绝对贫困的缓解，而不是相对贫困。 A. realized 实现；  B. converted转换；C. reversed反转；   D. triggered触发。根据语境可知，这里是说实现了对绝对贫困的缓解。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使解决了相对贫困问题，在消除由此产生的根深蒂固的观念之前，还需要一段时间的滞后期，这需要妇女不断地斗争。A. understanding理解；B. preservation 保存；C. elimination消除；D. acknowledge承认。根据语境可知，这里是说消除由此产生的根深蒂固的观念之前，还需要一段时间的滞后期，这需要妇女不断地斗争。故选C项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我们仔细观察我们的国家时，不应该只关注那些光荣的女运动员。 A. repeatedly反复地；B. fundamentally基本地；C. constructively建设性地；D. exclusively 唯一地，专门地，特定地。根据后文“spotlight also needs to be cast upon those unfortunate women trapped in deep darkness ” 可知，聚光灯也需要投射到那些被困在黑暗中的不幸女性身上，所以这里是说当我们仔细观察我们的国家时，不应该只关注那些光荣的女运动员。故选D项。

26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．A 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了歌手戈麦斯被诊断得了严重的疾病，需要换肾才能维持生命，在这危急关头，她的朋友莱莎坚持要做捐献肾脏的比对，幸运的是她们匹配成功，于是莱莎不顾身体和事业上的风险把肾脏捐给好友，最终戈麦斯得到了救治。她们的经历告诉我们，要相信世间仍有真情在。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：歌手戈麦斯回应，写道，“谢谢你对我的祝福”以表达她的感激。A. gratitude感激；B. generosity慷慨；C. determination决心；D. anticipation期待。阅读全文可知，戈麦斯被诊断得了严重的疾病，需要换肾。她的朋友莱莎不顾风险决然把肾脏捐给好友，最终戈麦斯得到了救治。因此戈麦斯对此应该是表达她的感激。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她甚至不得不处理由于与疾病斗争而产生的心理健康问题。A. suffering遭受；B. resulting因......发生；C. escaping逃离；D. hearing听见。根据上文“Gomez was diagnosed with a terrible disease and soon she became seriously ill.（戈麦斯被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病，很快她就得了重病。）”可知，戈麦斯病的很严重，在与疾病作斗争时产生了心里疾病，不得不处理由疾病产生的心理健康问题。故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管当时她和莱莎住在一起，但戈麦斯并没有告诉她的老朋友她健康问题的严重程度。A. extent范围，程度；B. prevention预防；C. meaning意义；D. recovery恢复。根据下文“I hadn't asked anything. I knew that she hadn't been feeling well.( 我没有问什么。我知道她一直不舒服)”可知，戈麦斯没告诉莱莎她的疾病严重程度，但是莱莎知道她一直不好。故选A项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，戈麦斯透露她需要进行肾移植，但等待的名单长得令人绝望。A. violently猛烈地；B. respectfully恭敬地；C. hopelessly无可救药；D. greedily贪婪地。根据上文“She then started crying(然后她开始哭)”和“she needed a kidney transplant, but that the waiting list.（她需要进行肾脏移植，但等待名单）”可知，戈麦斯病的严重，需要肾移植，但等待肾移植的人很多，令人绝望，所以戈麦斯很难过。故选C项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于对她朋友病情的深切关注，莱莎决定对进行测试，看看她是否能成为她的捐赠者。A. curious好奇的；B. fascinated着迷的；C. excited兴奋的；D. concerned关心。 根据下文“Raisa decided that she would get tested to see if she could be a _6__ for her.( 她决定接受测试，看看她是否能成为她的捐赠者。)”可知, 莱莎想要测试是否自己可以为好友捐肾,说明她非常关心好友的疾病。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于对她朋友病情的深切关注，莱莎决定对进行测试，看看她是否能成为她的捐赠者。A. donor赠者；B. helper助手； C. volunteer志愿者；D. carrier携带者。 根据上文“Deeply concerned about her friend's condition, Raisa decided she would get tested(出于对她朋友病情的深切关注，莱莎决定对进行测试)”可知，莱莎非常担心朋友的状况，想要捐肾给好友，成为她的捐赠者。故选A项。
32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：戈麦斯立即拒绝了，因为她不想让莱莎将她的整个职业生涯和生命置于危险之中。A.in order按顺序；B.at risk有风险；C.in doubt有疑问；D.in vain徒劳。根据上文“Gomez immediately refused(戈麦斯立即拒绝了)”可知，戈麦斯拒绝莱莎捐赠肾脏，结合常识可知，她不想让莱莎将自己的整个事业和生活置于危险之中。故选B项。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这位女演员一再坚持，令人惊讶的是，事实证明她们俩匹配成功。 四个选项与turn连在一起构成短语。A. turned away转身走开；B. turned out结果是，证明是；C. turned down拒绝；D. turned over翻身。根据下文“to be a match indeed（确实是一个匹配的对象）”可知，莱莎和戈麦斯配型结果是成功的。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们俩的生理和心理评估只用了一天，而不是通常的六个月，戈麦斯和莱莎开始了他们共同的旅程。A. duration持续时间；B. procedure程序；C. concept概念；D. cause原因。根据下文“rather than the usual six months(不是通常的六个月)”可知，她们两个的生理和心理测试在一天期间就完成了。故选A项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：戈麦斯和莱莎开始了她们共同的旅程。A. shared共有的，分享的；B. similar相似的；C. smooth光滑的；D. safe安全的。根据下文“The surgery was__11__successful.（手术最开始是很成功的。）”可知，在配对成功后,她们开始了“共同的旅程”，一起进行外科手术。故选A项。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：手术最初很成功。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. originally最初地；D. instantly立刻地。 根据下文“It wasn't long, however, before Gomez's new kidney began to turn around inside her body, which then resulted in a second surgery（然而，没过多久，戈麦斯的新肾脏就开始在她体内转来转去，这导致了第二次手术，）”可知，最初的手术是非常成功的，只是后来出了问题，故选C项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，没过多久，戈麦斯的新肾就开始在体内翻转，这导致了又一次手术，随后是漫长的恢复过程。A. driven驱动；B. enhanced增强；C. depressed使沮丧；D. followed跟随。 根据下文“a lengthy process of recovery（漫长的恢复过程）”并结合常识可知，手术后随之而来的是漫长的恢复过程。故选D项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在恢复正常的戈麦斯确信，她的生命应该归功于真正的朋友莱莎。owe sth. to sb.把某事归功于某人。A. owes欠，归功于；B. contributes贡献；C. introduces介绍；D. devotes致力于。根据上文可知，莱莎给戈麦斯捐了肾，所以戈麦斯说她的生命归功于莱莎。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：戈麦斯和莱莎都表示，正是她们的信仰引导她们走完了感人换肾之旅。A. effort努力；B. fortune财富；C. faith信仰；D. bravery勇敢。 根据下文“I just hope this inspires people to remember that there're really good people in the world（我只是希望这能激励人们相信，世界上真的有好人）”可知，她们拥有共同的信仰：认为世界上真的有好人。正是这一信仰引导她们走完了感人换肾之旅。故选C项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们所经历的并不容易。A. complicated复杂的；B. easy容易的；C. realistic现实的；D. peaceful和平的。根据前文可知，从戈麦斯患病，到莱莎决定帮助好友，再到的漫长的换肾和恢复过程，她们经历了诸多的不易。故选B项。

41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．A 51．D 52．A 53．C 54．C 55．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与不同文化背景的人交流时，文化智商也是非常重要的。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来没有直接的沟通障碍，所以你会调整你的语调吗? A. opportunities机会；B. barriers障碍；C. skills技巧；D. systems系统。根据“Imagine meeting someone for the first time who comes from some distant country but is fluent in your language.”可知，语言相同，所以没有直接的沟通障碍。故选B。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据你面前的人的背景，调整你的肢体语言和面部表情怎么样?A. depending依靠；B. agreeing同意；C. insisting坚持；D. focusing集中。depend on依靠，取决于。根据“How about adjusting your body language and facial expressions,”可知，调整肢体语言和面部表情取决于不同的人的背景。故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些只是一小部分不明显的行为变化，表明你的“文化智商”，或CQ。A. benefits好处；B. similarities相似；C. shifts变化；D. features特色。根据“There may appear to be no immediate communication 　　1　　, so would you adapt the tone of your voice? How about adjusting your body language and facial expressions, 　　2　　 on the background of the person in front of you? Would you sit or stand differently and think carefully about your hand gestures?”可知，这里指上文中与不同文化人交流时所出现的行为变化。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会学家大卫·利弗莫尔在他的《文化智商差异》一书中写道：“在当今这个无国界的世界里，决定你是否成功的头号因素不是你的智商，不是你的简历，甚至不是你的专业知识。” A. step步骤；B. priority优先；C. rank等级；D. predictor预示物。根据“not your IQ, not your resume, and not even your expertise (专长),”可知，这里指决定成功的因素。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：昂召集了一个国际程序员团队来帮助解决问题。 A. reminded提醒；B. gathered聚集；C. dismissed开除；D. employed雇佣。根据“Much of the research on CQ has been conducted by Soon Ang, a professor of management at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.”可知，这里指召集团队来研究文化智力。故选B。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些程序员都是这个行业里最聪明的人，但是昂很快发现他们在合作工作上有困难。A. diligently勤奋地；B. punctually准时地；C. cooperatively合作地；D. readily容易地。根据“Often, individual members would appear to agree on a solution, but then carry it out in completely 　　7　　ways.”可知，这些程序员在合作工作上有困难。故选C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，单个成员似乎同意一个解决方案，但随后以完全不同的方式实施。A. different不同的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. normal正常的；D. sensible明智的。根据“Often, individual members would appear to agree on a solution,”可知，实施过程中用不同的方式。故选A。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们一起建立了文化智商理论，他们将其定义为“在各种文化背景下有效运作的能力”。A. intentions目的；B. contexts上下文，背景；C. contents内容；D. options选择权。根据“Together, they built a theory of CQ,”可知，文化智商是指在各种文化背景下有效运作的能力。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个是“CQ动力”——学习其他文化的动力。A. motivation动机；B. right权利；C. promise许诺；D. capacity能力。根据“The first is “CQ Drive””可知，文化智商动力是指学习其他文化的动力。故选A。
50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：与此同时，“CQ策略”则研究了你如何理解这些困难的冲突，并从中学习。A. make sense of懂得；B. take control of控制；C. gain access to接近，进入；D. break away from脱离。根据“Then, there is “CQ Knowledge,” which is an understanding of some of the general cultural differences.”可知，文化智商策略是指文化冲突困难的理解。故选A。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，“CQ行动”涉及到你的行为灵活性——你是否能够像“文化变色龙”一样调整你的行为。A. reliability可靠性；B. responses回复；C. models模范；D. flexibility灵活性。根据“whether you are able to adapt your behavior like a “cultural chameleon (变色龙).””可知，文化智商是指行为的灵活性。故选D。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：CQ低的人可能会倾向于通过自己的文化视角来看待其他人的行为。A. low低的；B. moderate温和的；C. growing增强的；D. equivalent相等的。根据“have a tendency to view everyone else’s behavior through his own cultural lens.”可知，文化智商低的人往往通过自己的文化视角看待他人的行为。故选A。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果他来自一个更善于交际的环境，注意到他的日本同事在会议上非常安静，他可能会认为他们不友好或无聊。 A. tense紧张的；B. talkative健谈的；C. quiet安静的；D. ambitious有雄心的。根据“he may think that they are being unfriendly or bored.”可知，日本的同事在会议上非常安静。故选C。
54．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：相比之下，处于最高等级的人可能会意识到，沉默是尊重的象征，除非被邀请，否则别人不会给予反馈。A. in addition此外；B. after all毕竟；C. by contrast相比之下；D. for instance例如。根据“might realize that silence is a sign of respect and that feedback won’t be given unless it is invited.”可知，这里与前面所举例子进行对比。故选C。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，除了关心你的智商和情商，或许你应该同样重视提高你的文化智商!A. equal相等的；B. inadequate不适当的；C. symbolic象征的；D. practical实践的。根据“Therefore, instead of just caring about your IQ and EQ,”可知，要把文化智商和智商、情商放在同等重要的地位。故选A。

56．A 57．D 58．C 59．B 60．C 61．A 62．D 63．B 64．A 65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．D 70．C

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了人类拥有的常识，人工智能无法拥有。人们一直在做研究将常识植入到人工智能里，但这将会遇到巨大的障碍，因为人与生俱来的认知能力，是机器无法随便习得的。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会迅速地决定适合这种情况的行为—这也就是人们所说的“常识”。A. situation情况，情形；B. environment环境；C. context上下文，背景；D. regulation规章，规则。根据前文“Picture yourself driving down a city street. Suddenly you see something in the middle of the road ahead. A torn paper bag, a lost shoe, or something else?” 可知，此处表示前文所指的这种情况下，故选A。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到人类不会为此停下的障碍物时，无人驾驶车很可能会刹车。A. inspecting检测，检查；B. locating位于；C. tracking记录，追踪；D. spotting看到。根据前文“you see something in the middle of the road ahead”可知，此处表示无人驾驶车看到路上的障碍物，故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让人信赖，无人驾驶车需要有常识来解决路上障碍物的问题：关于物体属性的知识以及灵活地将知识运用于新环境的能力。A. horizon眼界，地平线；B. mind思维，大脑；C. knowledge知识；D. control控制。根据后文提示“adapt that knowledge in new circumstances”可知，此处表示物体属性的知识，故选C。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了让人信赖，无人驾驶车需要有常识来解决路上障碍物的问题：关于物体属性的知识以及灵活地将知识运用于新环境的能力。A. casually随意地；B. flexibly灵活地；C. routinely例行公事地；D. mechanically机械地。根据前文的遇到某些人类不会为此停下的障碍物，但是无人驾驶车会刹车可知，此处表示无人驾驶车需要能灵活运用知识的能力，故选B。
60．考查短语词义辨析。句意：比如说你可以预测，尽管路上的一堆玻璃在你靠近时不会飞走，但似乎鸟会飞走。A.as a result结果；B. in a word总之；C. for example举例；D. in the meantime与此同时。根据前文能灵活判断路上物体的属性可知，此处拿玻璃和鸟来举例，说明人类可以预测路上的障碍物，故选C。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这个角度来看的话，“常识”似乎是现在无人驾驶车无法拥有的。A. perspective角度，视觉；B. conclusion总结；C. condition情况；D. inference推理，判断。根据前文说人们可以判断路上障碍物的属性，并且还能预测靠近时，它是否会飞走，但是从这方面看来，无人驾驶没有这种能力，故选A。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这个角度来看的话，“常识”似乎是现在无人驾驶车无法拥有的。A. diagnose诊断；B. analyze分析；C. specify明确指出；D. capture体现，捕获。根据空后 “exactly what current AI systems cannot do”可知，此处表示常识是无人驾驶车无法拥有的，故选D。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏常识的基础让它们容易受到无法预测的错误的影响，但是人类却不会。A. prediction预测；B. foundation基础，基地；C. definition定义；D. motivation动力。根据前文无人驾驶车无法预估路上的障碍物可知，此处表示它们缺乏常识基础，故选B。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程与人类学习是不一样的。A. process过程；B. experience经历；C. tendency趋势；D. strategy策略。根据前文“Today’s AI systems use neural networks, algorithms(算法) trained to spot patterns”可知，此处表示人工智能系统用神经网络以及算法来培训它们识别模式这一过程，故选A。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们并没有意识到我们已经拥有了它，也没有意识到它是未来学习的基础。A. content满意的；B. confident充满信心的；C. conscious有意识的；D. concerned担心的。根据前文 “We humans seem to come into the world with inborn knowledge”可知，此处表示我们生来就有，因此并没有意识到，故选C。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年的人工智能的经验让我们知道，将这种概念教给机器是一件很难的事情。A. approaches方法；B. procedures程序，过程；C. skills技巧，技能；D. concepts概念。根据前文一直在讲人类拥有的“常识”可知，此处表示教会机器“常识”这一概念，故选D。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：将常识植入人工智能系统的历史主要关注编目人类知识：手动编程以及呈现模式化的情形。A. registering注册；B. presenting呈现；C. uncovering揭露，发现；D. reviewing复习。根据前文“planting common sense in AI systems”可知，此处表达将常识植入人工智能系统中的呈现模式化的情形，故选B。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是所有的努力都面临着可能的致命障碍。A. obstacle障碍；B. prejudice偏见；C. consequence结果；D. error错误。根据后文 “Much of our instinctive knowledge is unwritten, unspoken, and not even in our conscious awareness”可知，此处表示我们本能的知识是人工智能无法拥有的，因此会造成人工智能成功的障碍，故选A。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于人工智能来说，要和一个婴儿比赛被看做是巨大的挑战，这似乎很奇怪。A. training培训；B. raising抚养；C. delivering递送；D. matching比赛。根据前文“It challenges researchers to create an AI system that learns from “experience” in order to acquire the cognitive abilities of an 18-month-old baby.”可知，此处表示人工智能为了获得一个18个月婴儿的认知能力，来学习这些经历，是将人工智能与18个月的婴儿一起比赛学习，故选D。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能让机器向小孩一样学习的话，也许几年后，这些年轻的“常识代理”最终会成为完全委托于车钥匙的青少年。A. burdened负担；B. rewarded奖励；C. entrusted委托；D. honored给……荣誉。根据前文“these young “commonsense agents” will finally become teenagers”可知，从处意为可以完全委托于无人驾驶的车钥匙。故选C。

71．C 72．A 73．A 74．B 75．D 76．D 77．D 78．A 79．A 80．C 81．B 82．D 83．D 84．B 85．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章作者针对现如今流行的追求快速度的商业理念发表了自己的看法和担忧，提出了这种理念存在的一些弊端。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它使市场发展迅速，但它也被证明是一种危险的经营方式。 A. numerous 大量的；B. excellent 卓越的；C. dangerous 危险的；D. smart 聪明的。上文“It makes quick marketing progress(他使市场发展迅速)”提到了这种理念带来的进步，再根据but可知，此处和上文是转折关系，所以用dangerous表示是一种“危险的”经营方式，符合语境。故选C项。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要点如下：今天那些能够兴高采烈地跳来跳去的企业将会取得成功。A. points 要点；B. matters 事件；C. solutions 解决方案；D. barriers 障碍。分析语境和空格后的内容可知，此处指作者的主要观点，所以用points表“观点”符合语境。故选A项。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都需要更迅速的答案，而对任何问题的预期回应期已经从几周下降到几天甚至几小时。A. response 回应；B. rejection 拒绝；C. acceptance 接受；D. methods 方法。根据“Everyone needs more immediate answers(每个人都需要更迅速的答案)”可知，在快速理念的驱使下，人们对于任何问题都期望收到答复或回应的时间在下降，所以此处用“回应”符合语境。故选A项。
74．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种思维方式的问题是，过快的速度往往以正确理解情况的细节为代价。A. quickly 迅速地；B. properly 正确地、适当地；C. timely 及时地；D. widely 广泛地。根据上文的“at the cost of(以……为代价)”和下文“understanding the details of a situation.(了解情况的细节)”可知，这种快速的思维方式，造成的代价往往是不能“正确地”理解所有细节，符合语境。故选B项。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，网络社会允许我们在短时间内收集信息，但它真的能加快我们做出更好决定的能力吗? A. make 制作；B. follow 跟随；C. back 后退；D. speed 加速。根据下文“our ability to make better decisions(我们做出更好决定的能力)”可知，此处用“加速”这种能力，符合语境，所以用speed up表示“加速”。故选D项。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你如何在对速度的需求与敏锐和正确的思维之间取得平衡?  A. remedy 救济、补偿；B. thirst 口渴；C. passion 热情；D. need 需求。根据空格后的for speed可知，此处用need表示对速度的“需求”符合语境。故选D项。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是如今许多人心中的谜题，包括《未来的冲击》的作者阿尔文·托夫勒，他在我们的封面故事中研究了这个想法。A. advice 建议；B. warning 警告；C. doubt 怀疑；D. puzzle 谜题。根据空格前的两个问题可知，上文提出的问题是很多人脑海里困惑或难题。故选D项。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是凯普娜·特雷戈(Kepner Tregoe)一项新研究的主题。A. subject 主题；B. aim 目标；C. object 物体；D. method 方法。根据下文的“a new study(一个新的研究)”可知，此处指研究的“主题”符合语境。故选A项。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这些人中有85%的人表示，他们花在做这些决定上的时间要么减少了，要么保持不变。A. decreased 减少；B. changed 改变；C. increased 增加；D. lengthened 加长。根据下文“Result: Speed kills(结果：速度绝杀)”可知，这是快速思维的危害，所以此处是指花在做决定上的时间“减少”符合语境。故选A项。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的选择也很容易被忽略。A. made 制作；B. accepted 接受；C. ignored 忽略；D. discussed 讨论。根据上文“Different opinions are not shared.(不同的意见不被分享)”可知，此处是说快速思维的危害，所以其他的选择也很容易“被忽略”符合语境。故选C项。
81．考查副词和短语辨析。句意：目标似乎从来都不明确。 此外，好的记录并不是关于如何做出成功的决定。A. Instead 代替；B. In addition 此外；C. For example 例如；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文“Aims never seem to be clear.(目标似乎从来都不明确)”和下文“good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made.(好的记录并不是关于如何做出成功的决定)”可知，此处是递进关系，所以用In addition表示“此外”符合语境。故选B项。
82．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的公司真的做得很好，凯普娜报告建议分析决策过程，找出你做得对的地方。A. changing 改变；B. instructing 指导；C. requiring 要求；D. analyzing 分析。根据下文“the decision-making process(决策过程)”可知，此处用“分析”决策过程符合语境。故选D项。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但决策的好坏取决于大脑的反应。A. hands 手；B. hearts 心脏；C. eyes 眼睛；D. brains 大脑。根据上文“Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes --- no question about that(快速决策有时是必要的——这是毫无疑问的)”可知，快速决策有时候是必要的但还是需要动脑筋的，所以此处指投入的脑筋（思考）越多，决策也就越好。故选D项。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按照这个标准，目前的许多决策都是软弱的，可能会给一些公司带来风险。A. chances 机会；B. risks 风险；C. profits 利润；D. benefits 利益。根据上文的“many of today’s decisions are weak(今天的许多决策都是软弱的)”可知，决策的软弱无力可能会带来“风险”。故选B项。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：企业可以保持快速，因为这是竞争的必要条件，但如果经理们不谨慎和耐心地思考，公司很可能会四分五裂。A. obedience 服从；B. effectiveness 有效性；C. quickness 快速；D. flexibility 灵活性。结合全文内容，如今流行的追求快速度的商业理念存在一定弊端，再根据下文的but可知，此处指企业可以保持“快递”理念，符合语境。故选C项。

86．B 87．B 88．A 89．D 90．C 91．A 92．D 93．A 94．C 95．C 96．B 97．D 98．A 99．C 100．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。随着越来越多的非英语母语人士使用英语，全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化，非母语的人在多个方面错误地使用英语语法，但是既然语言在改变，语法正确性的概念也可能会改变。
86．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在有记录的历史上，从来没有一种语言像今天的英语那样被广泛使用。A.well好；B.widely广泛地；C.fully充分地；D.regularly定期地。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English.(一些专家估计，有15亿人——大约占世界人口的四分之一——可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”可见，英语被广泛的使用。故选B项。
87．考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百万人学习英语的原因很简单：英语是国际商务的语言，因此是成功的关键。A.besides而且；B.therefore因此；C.otherwise否则；D.however然而。根据上半句，英语是国际商务的语言，因此，英语也是生意繁荣事业成功的关键，前半句后后半句 (it is) the key to prosperity为因果关系。故选B项。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《英语的下一步》一书的作者大卫•格塔德尔表示，人们很容易把英语的故事简单地看作是北美、英国、爱尔兰和澳大利亚的母语人士的胜利——但这是错误的。A.mistake错误；B.success成功；C.challenge挑战；D.competition竞争。根据设空处句首的but，可知此句与前面的陈述是相对立的，那么前面的观点是错误的，且后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 　　4　　　　.(全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化）”，英语不在单纯属于“its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia”。故选A项。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化。A.forget忘记；B.undergo经历 ；C.justify是……的正当理由；D.dislike不喜欢。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English.(一些专家估计，有15亿人——大约占世界人口的四分之一——可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”，以及第三段第一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future?(人们可能会问一个重要的问题:未来会是谁的英语？)”，可见，英语国家对于英语的发展已经无法控制，未来是谁的英语，不再有英语国家做主，这个变化的方式令英语国家不喜欢，故选D项。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，非英语母语人士与英语母语人士的比例为三比一。A.understand理解；B.envy羡慕；C.outnumber数目超过；比……多；D.overload过载。根据前一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future（人们可能会问一个重要的问题:未来会是谁的英语？)”可推测，非英语母语人士超过了英语母语人士，导致英语国家对英语的发展无法控制，短语A outnumber B by three to one，意为“A与B的比例为三比一”。故选C项。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，大多数英语交流都发生在非英语母语人士之间。A.encounters偶遇，经历；B. instructions指示；C.negotiations谈判，协商；D.treatments治疗。根据语境，可知，非英语母语人士有经常要用英语交流的经历。故选A项。
92．考查副词词义辨析。句意：据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利。A.roughly粗略地；B.slowly缓慢地；C.swiftly迅速地；D.smoothly平稳地。根据下一句“This is because native speakers are often 　　　　8　　　　 at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions.(这是因为以英语为母语的人在确保他们在国际讨论中被理解方面往往很差) ”可推断，英语母语人士说的英语不能被非英语母语人士理解，会影响会议节奏，没有英语母语 人士的情况下，与会人士都能听懂对方的英语，会议反而更顺利。故选D项。
93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为在国际讨论中，以英语为母语的人往往不善于确保自己的语言被理解。A.poor擅长的，差的；B. angry生气的；C.clever聪明的；D.skillful熟练的。根据后一句“They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact 　　9　　　　　problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdam, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be ‘less 　　　10　　　　　’ so that the others could understand her.（他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。 有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求‘少说点英语’，以便其他人能听懂她的话)”可推知，英语母语人士在表达方式上的问题，使非英语母语人士费解，甚至还被要求少说英语，可见其非常不擅长把自己的意思表述清楚，be poor at...，意为“不擅长于……”。故选A项。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。A.equipment设备；B.economy经济；C. comprehension理解力；D.culture文化。根据语境，英语母语人士使用成语、隐喻和动词短语，导致非英语母语人士听不明白，因此出现理解问题。故选C项。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求“少说点英语”，以便其他人能听懂她的话。A.visible 看得见的；B.considerate体贴的；C. English英文的；D.foreign外国的。根据上文“According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more 　　　　7　　　　 when there are no native English speakerspresent. (据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利)”可推知，在有英语母语人士的情况下，请这位代表少开口，也能使会议顺利完成。故选C项。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维也纳大学的英语教授芭芭拉·塞德霍弗教授录制了世界各地该语言使用者之间的英语口语互动。A.grammar语法；B. interactions互动，交流；C.courses课程；D.vocabulary 词汇。根据设空处前的records spoken English，及可知录制的内容为人与人之间进行口语的交流，interactions符合语境。故选B项。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。A.studying学习；B.explaining解释；C.checking检查；D.varying使……变化。根据后面的例子“Even the most fluent speakers sometimes omit the ‘s’ in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are 　4　　　　 in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (eg, ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’, ‘advices’). Other variations include ‘make a discussion’, ‘discuss about something’, or ‘phone to somebody’.(即使是最流利的说话者，有时也会省略第三人称单数中的‘s’。许多人省略了标准英语中要求的定冠词和不定冠词，或者放在标准英语不使用的地方。母语为英语的非复数名词被非母语的人用作复数（如‘信息’、‘知识’、‘建议’）。其他变体包括‘讨论’、‘讨论某件事’或‘给某人打电话’)”可见，非英语母语人士使英语语法有了很多改变。故选D项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是最流利的说话者，有时也会省略第三人称单数中的“s”。许多人在标准英语中省略定冠词和不定冠词，或者把它们放在标准英语不使用它们的地方。A.required需要；B.deleted 删除；C.judged裁决；D.stressed强调。他们在要求用第三人称单数中的“s”的情况下，没有加上“s”。故选A项。
99．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Knowledges和phone to somebody是完全错误的。A.harmful有害的；B. impolite不礼貌的；C.wrong错的；D.illogical不合逻辑的。根据上一段倒数第二句“Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (eg, ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’, ‘advices’). (母语为英语的非复数名词被非母语的人用作复数（如‘信息’、‘知识’、‘建议’）)”，以及本段第一句“Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes.(许多以英语为母语的人会坚持认为这些不是变体，而是错误的)”，可知，Knowledges和phone to somebody这两个表达法都是错的。故选C项。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是语言在变化，语法正确性的观念也在变化。A.phenomenon现象；B.research研究；C.structure 结构；D.correctness正确性。倒数第二段中“She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are 　　　12　　　　standard English grammar in several ways.(她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法)”，以及第三段最后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 　　　　　4　　　　　 .(全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化)”可推知，随着全球英语的变化发展，现在非英语母语人士说的被认为是错误的语法，可能以后会承认它的合理存在，也变成正确的表述，所以可知，语法正确性的观念也在变化。故选D项。

101．A 102．C 103．D 104．B 105．D 106．A 107．D 108．B 109．C 110．A 111．D 112．B 113．C 114．A 115．D

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，美国人应从这场疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰、一致的沟通；和进行全球卫生治理的三个策略。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》杂志的调查结果反映了这一点，其建议是“领导力和公共传播战略”，这是唯一一个平均每个人都认为至少五分之四优先的类别。A. proposal建议、提议；B. refusal拒绝；C. adjustment调整；D. substitute代替品。由上文的“Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication.”和下文的“leadership and public communication strategies”可知，作者认为美国人要从疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰一致的沟通（这有助于帮助战胜疫情），这是《时代》杂志调查结果认可的策略，因为作者的“建议”是（为了战胜疫情）要注重领导力和公共传播战略。故选A项。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，让50个州确保自己的口罩和测试供应，以及让50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义的。A. influence影响；B. promise承诺；C. secure使安全、确保；D. pattern构成图案。由上文的“The highest ranking in the category went to ‘ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance’.”可知，疫情防控的有效策略是“确保省、州和地方司法管辖区可以依赖强有力的、联邦政府协调的回应作为指导”，即美国各州可以在强有力的联邦政府统筹协调下，自己应对本地疫情，确保各自州内的口罩和测试供应。故选C项。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. smashed粉碎；B. stuffed填满；C. smoothed使平整；D. staffed任职于。由上文语境和下文的“so rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　4　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，让美国50个州的50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义，最终各州要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，该空应该讲述形成这种状况的原因，应该是地方卫生部门长期人手不足，under staffed (人员不足的)。故选D项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. careers事业；B. goals目标；C. trends趋势；D. signs标志。由下文的“evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国地方卫生部门因长期人手不足无法自己应对疫情，所以需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导和明确的（抗疫）目标来防控疫情及战胜疫情。故选B项。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. employs雇用；B. emphasizes强调；C. emerges浮现；D. empowers给（某人）……的权力。由上文的“rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　4　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国各州需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导来防控疫情及战胜疫情，说明这些基于证据的政策指导对各州面临的疫情是有用的，它们能够赋予当地接近疫情现实的人权力，因地制宜的采取措施，定制具体条例。故选D项。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这些建议要求采取困难的行动时，例如关闭企业和强制执行留在家中的命令，能够提出联邦指导方针有助于充当重要的政治掩护。A. imposing强制实行、把……强加于；B. stretching伸展；C. challenging挑战；D. intruding闯入。由下文的“stay-at-home orders”可知，让美国各州人民居家隔离、不出门，这需要国家通过法令强制实施。故选A项。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》调查还将全球卫生治理确定为首要任务，包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”。A. appeal上诉；B. solution解决方法；C. principle原则；D. priority最重要的事、首要事情。由上文的“global health governance”可知，面对疫情层出不穷，全球卫生治理应该是重中之重的事情。故选D项。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种干预的可行性被评为2.86。A. possibility可能性；B. feasibility可行性；C. availability可利用性；D. practicality实用性。由上文的“identifies global health governance as a top 　　7　　 including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority””和下文的“rated 2.86”可知，全球卫生治理（包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”）应为首要任务，但评级为2.86，说明这种干预的可行性很低。故选B项。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织的任何改革都将是一个漫长而乏味的过程。A. property财产；B. combination结合；C. process过程；D. calculation计算。由上文的“Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious”可知，任何改革都有一个过程。故选C项。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行全球卫生治理，但与此同时，各地政府可以自行处理问题。A. hands手；B. ears耳；C. mouths嘴；D. eyes眼。由上文的“Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，不仅需要全球宏观抗疫，还需要各地自己着手解决问题，take matters into one’s own hands (自己主动掌握一切、自己着手解决问题)。故选A项。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们必须严格评估本国的疫情应对措施，并进行必要的投资，以改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调。A. achievements成就；B. judgements判断；C. pavements人行道；D. investments投入、投资。由下文的“to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination”可知，要改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调，需要大量的投资才能实现。故选D项。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们应该加强国际科学合作。A. donations捐献；B. collaborations合作；C. qualifications资格,素质, 技能,；D. regulations规章制度。由上文的“they should strengthen international scientific”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，除了需要各国自己着手解决问题外，各国还可以加强国际科学合作来研究病毒。故选B项。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，有意愿的国家可以就透明度、互助和伙伴关系达成多国协议。A. determine决定；B. overlook忽略；C. initiate发起、达成；D. evaluate评估。由上文语境可知，国家间可以开展相关合作，合作期间自然可以达成相关协议。故选C项。
114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球公共卫生的改善必须从本地开始，并由将从COVID-19吸取艰难经验的领导者推动。A. lessons教训、经验；B. causes原因；C. subjects主题；D. models模范。由上文的“Improvements in global public health”和本处的“be driven by leaders who will learn the hard 　　14　　 from COVID-19”可知，吸取了COVID-19疫情防控经验的领导人，才会给全球公共卫生带来改善。故选A项。
115．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们能在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，那么我们就必须同意采取必要措施防止另一场悲剧。A. make with产生；B. show up如约赶到；C. take over接管；D. agree on同意。由下文的“we must agree on doing what it takes”可知，抗议防疫过程中，只有达成一致意见，在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，才能防止另一场悲剧。故选D项。

116．B 117．A 118．A 119．C 120．C 121．D 122．B 123．C 124．D 125．B 126．D 127．B 128．A 129．A 130．D

【导语】这是一篇议论文。谈论了在教育过程中，父母应该理解尊重孩子，多和孩子沟通，冷静地谈判和折中，就会形成父母孩子都快乐的和谐氛围。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于青少年生活的书籍和电视剧数不胜数，但父母们似乎还没有发现如何让孩子从卧室地板上捡起衣服，甚至偶尔打扫一下房间。A. questioned质问；B. discovered发现；C. discussed讨论；D. taught教。根据前文“There have been countless books and television series on living with teenagers”及后文“how to get their children to pick up their clothes from the bedroom floor, or even clean their room occasionally”可知，虽然有关青少年生活的书籍和电视剧有很多，但是却没有发现如何让孩子学会生活的东西。故选B项。
117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能很难接受，但一种对付粗鲁或难相处的青少年的新方法是让父母审视自己的行为。A. behavior行为；B. responsibility责任；C. issue问题；D. procedure程序。根据后文“The key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first”可知，这个新方法是让父母审视自己的行为。故选A项。
118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不能继续像过去12年那样对待他们：他们有重要的意见。A. continue继续；B. stop停止；C. strive力争；D. hesitate犹豫。根据语境及后文“you have been treating them for the previous 12 years”可知，孩子们已经长大了，不能继续用过去的方式对待了。故选A项。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你会很不高兴的。A. curious好奇的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. upset不高兴的，沮丧的；D. unwise不明智的。根据语境和前文“Imagine if you’d spent two hours getting ready to go out for the evening and someone said, ‘You’ve not going out looking like that, are you?’”可知，当你兴致勃勃地精心准备要参加晚会，却有人说你穿的衣服多么不合适，你会很不高兴的。故选C项。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你永远不会对一个成年人说这句话，因为这是完全缺乏尊重的表现。”A. mark标记；B. feeling感觉；C. lack缺乏；D. level水平。基于前文分析可知，当一个人经过精心准备，要参加晚会时，有人却批评阻止，这是缺乏尊重的表现。故选C项。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，如果你在引导孩子要做正确的事，并相信他们会做好，通常他们会表现得很好。A. instruct指示；B. require要求；C. forbid禁止；D. trust信任。根据教育常识和前文“if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing”及后文“they’ll behave well”可知，引导孩子做正确的事，信任他们，他们往往表现的更好。根据后文“leave them alone”可排除AB两项。故选D项。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过问题；事实上，有时厨房比我离开时还要干净。A. solution解决方案；B. problem问题；C. opinion观点；D. voice嗓音。根据语境和前文“I’ve found that if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then 　　6　　 them to do it, usually they’ll behave well”及后文“the kitchen was sometimes cleaner than I’d left it”可以推知，运用这种教育方式，她没有遇到过问题，孩子们甚至比预期做的还要好。故选B项。
123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她也认为青少年可能很烦人：享受一个没有责任的世界，但却渴望独立。A. essential必要的；B. grateful感激的；C. desperate渴望的，绝望的；D. famous著名的。根据常识及后文“teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for independence”可知，青少年渴望独立。故选C项。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她并不认为他们是在试图骚扰你。A. affording负担得起；B. failing失败；C. promising许诺；D. trying尽力，试图。根据后文“Until recently, scientists assumed that the brain finished growing at about the age of 13 and that teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for independence.”可知，孩子们的问题有时是荷尔蒙水平上升和渴望独立的结果，并不是他们要试图骚扰父母。故选D项。
125．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，大脑中控制判断和情绪的区域直到20岁出头才完全成熟。A. occupied已占用的；B. mature成熟的；C. valued贵重的；D. fruitful硕果累累的。根据常识和后文“This would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or concentrate on several different things at the same time.”可知，大脑中控制判断和情绪的区域在20多岁之前并不完全成熟。故选B项。
126．考查介词短语词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们可能会发现很难在看电视、给朋友打电话或完成作业之间做出正确的决定。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast对比；C. On balance平衡；D. For example例如。根据后文“they may find it difficult to make the right decision between watching television, ringing a friend, or finishing their homework”，结合前文，可知，此处是在举例说明。故选D项。
127．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着他们不会为了惹恼父母而故意做错事。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. intentionally故意地；C. universally普遍地；D. significantly有重大意义地。根据前文“But it turns out that the region of the brain that controls judgement and emotions is not fully 　　10　　 until the early twenties.”等内容可知，孩子们不会是故意做错事的，是因为他们大脑发育并没有完全成熟。故选B项。
128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Palmano相信，大家都快乐的关键是冷静的谈判和妥协。A. happiness幸福；B. justice正义；C. restriction限制；D. courage勇气。根据语境及后文“calm negotiation and compromise”，结合选项可知，理解尊重孩子，和他们冷静的谈判和折中，就会形成父母孩子都快乐的和谐氛围。故选A项。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果今天是周六，你可以考虑同意在午夜见面(而不是他们想的凌晨1点)。A. consider考虑；B. forget忘记；C. encourage鼓励；D. forbid禁止。根据语境和前文“If you want your teenagers to be home by 11 pm, explain why, but listen to their arguments as well.”以及后文“rather than 1 am, which is what they had in mind”可知，如果家长希望孩子在晚上11点之前回家，而孩子们想要在凌晨1点回家，家长可以考虑折中在午夜12点。故选A项。
130．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，问问他们是否遇到过公共交通问题，然后让它过去；他们几乎满足了你的要求。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Furthermore进一步；D. Instead反而。根据前文“If they are up to 20 minutes late, don’t react angrily.”和后文“ask if they’ve had a problem with public transport”可知，“关心问候”和“愤怒的反应”两种行为表现是相反的。故选D项。

131．D 132．A 133．C 134．B 135．C 136．B 137．C 138．B 139．A 140．B 141．C 142．A 143．D 144．C 145．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。当一个人类婴儿在世界任何地方的任何其他社区出生时，它与任何婴儿都有两个共同点，前提是它们在出生之前或出生期间都没有受到任何伤害。文章主要说明了人类婴儿的两个特征，第一个是与新生动物相比，人类婴儿是完全无助的，无法独立生存；第二个特征是人类婴儿具有学习语言的能力。
131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，也是最明显的，新生儿是完全无助的。A. ignorant无知的；B. unknown未知的；C. inexperienced无经验的；D. helpless无助的。根据后文“draw attention on their helplessness”可知，此处说明的是新生儿是无助的。故选D。
132．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了利用声音来引起人们对无助感的注意的强大能力之外，新生婴儿无法做任何事情来确保自己的生存。A. ensure确保；B. gain获得；C. emphasize强调；D. solidify团结。结合常识可知，刚出生的婴儿是无法做任何事情来确保自己的生存的，必须靠声音引起人们的关注，从而得到照顾。故选A。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有其他人类的关爱，不管是母亲、祖母还是人类群体，孩子是不可能活下来的。A. notice通知；B. affection感情；C. care关爱；D. permission允许。根据后文“from some other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group”可知，此处是指获得来自母亲、祖母或是人类群体的关爱。故选C。
134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类婴儿的这种无助与许多新生动物的能力形成了鲜明的对比，这些动物在出生后几分钟内就能站立起来，并在几小时内就能与兽群一起奔跑。A. possibility可能性；B. capacity能力；C. try尝试；D. attempt企图。根据后文“within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours”可知，此处指的是新生动物具有在出生后几分钟内就能站立起来，并在几小时内就能与兽群一起奔跑的能力（capacity）。故选B。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类婴儿的这种无助与许多新生动物的能力形成了鲜明的对比，这些动物在出生后几分钟内就能站立起来，并在几小时内就能与兽群一起奔跑。A. arms胳膊；B. body身体；C. feet脚；D. limbs四肢。根据后文“run with the herd within a few hours”可知，新生动物出生后几分钟内就能站起来，短语get to one’s feet“站起来”。故选C。
136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管幼小的动物肯定处于危险之中，有时在出生后几周甚至几个月，与人类婴儿相比，它们很快就发展出了保护自己的能力。A. anger愤怒；B. danger危险；C. control控制；D. advance发展。新生的动物虽然能很快独自站立和兽群奔跑，但是还很弱小，仍处于危险之中。in danger“在危险中”。故选B。
137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管幼小的动物肯定处于危险之中，有时在出生后几周甚至几个月，与人类婴儿相比，它们很快就发展出了保护自己的能力。A. race比赛；B. body身体；C. infant婴儿；D. power力量。结合上文 “This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast with the”可知，文章在将新生动物和人类婴儿进行比较。故此处是与人类婴儿相比较。故选C。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管幼小的动物肯定处于危险之中，有时在出生后几周甚至几个月，与人类婴儿相比，它们很快就发展出了保护自己的能力。A. feed喂养；B. defend保卫；C. help帮助；D. survive幸存。结合上文 “they very quickly develop the capacity to”可知，与人类婴儿的无助相比，新生动物出生后很快就能站立起来和兽群奔跑，虽然仍然幼小处于危险之中，但是新生动物可以在出生后几周甚至几个月就能发展处保护自己的能力，其它选项不符合语境。guard 指“注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害”；defend指“保卫”、“防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。此处应用defend更符合语境。故选B。
139．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在人类婴儿完全依赖他人的这一非常长的时期里，它揭示了它与所有其他未受伤害的人类婴儿共有的第二个特征，即学习语言的能力。A. dependent依赖；B. concentrated全神贯注，集中；C. focusing聚焦；D. operating操作。承接上文和常识可知，人类婴儿很长一段时间都是完全依赖成人的，be dependent on“依赖于”。故选A。
140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是在人类婴儿完全依赖他人的这一非常长的时期里，它揭示了它与所有其他未受伤害的人类婴儿共有的第二个特征，即学习语言的能力。A. combines结合；B. shares共有，分享；C. carries搬运；D. brings带来。根据后文 “with all other undamaged human infants”可知，此处指的是与所有其他未受伤害的人类婴儿共有的第二个特征。故选B。
141．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是在人类婴儿完全依赖他人的这一非常长的时期里，它揭示了它与所有其他未受伤害的人类婴儿共有的第二个特征，即学习语言的能力。A. walking散步；B. feeding饲养；C. language语言；D. skill技能。根据后文language可知第二个特征是学习语言的能力。故选C。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于这个原因，生物学家现在认为语言是人类“物种特异性”，也就是说，他们认为人类婴儿的基因编程使其能够学习语言。A. programmed编程，规划；B. set设置；C. arranged安排；D. made制作。根据后文“they are designed to learn and use language”可知，人类婴儿的基因编程使其能够习得语言。故选A。
143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于这个原因，生物学家现在认为语言是人类“物种特异性”，也就是说，他们认为人类婴儿的基因编程使其能够学习语言。A. create创造；B. distinguish区别；C. enrich使充实；D. acquire学到，获得。根据后文language可知，此处指的是学习语言，acquire此处表示“学习”。故选D。
144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一意见意味着，正如人类被设计成能看到三维和彩色，就像他们被设计成直立而不是四脚朝天一样，他们被设计成能学习和使用语言，这是他们作为健全人的正常发展的一部分。A. sit坐；B. walk步行；C. stand站立；D. move移动。根据后文rather than to move on all fours以及常识可知，人类是直立行走的，而不是四脚朝天。故选C。
145．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一意见意味着，正如人类被设计成能看到三维和彩色，就像他们被设计成直立而不是四脚朝天一样，他们被设计成能学习和使用语言，这是他们作为健全人的正常发展的一部分。A. state情况，情形；B. development发展；C. performance表演；D. behavior行为。根据上文“they are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal”可知，人类婴儿被设计成能学习和使用语言，这是他们作为健全人的正常发展的一部分。故选B。