北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共46页。试卷主要包含了 I went crazy等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解
I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground.
I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion.
Until this happened.
I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions.
Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate”-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working.
Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will.
After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned.
1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother.
2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her.
3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward.
My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter.
1．What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter?
A．The daughter wouldn’t give her the keys.
B．The daughter didn’t come back until 11 pm.
C．The daughter insisted on going out late at night.
D．The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends.
2．The comments made the author feel “awful” because_______.
A．she had helped her daughter to test boundaries
B．she didn’t treasure the mother-daughter relationship
C．she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter’s upbringing
D．she hadn’t noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter’s behavior
3．After the phone call, the author learned that ______.
A．her daughter’s strong character should be softened
B．she should constructively deal with conflict
C．her daughter should control her behavior
D．she should admit her failure as a mother
4．According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again?
A．“Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that?”
B．“It’s not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon?”
C．“It doesn’t matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.”
D．“You have been disrespectful and can’t go out tonight. Is that clear?”

Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures.
But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike? In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it’s unknown if animals’ intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor.
However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter.
But how can we identify play? Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates — our closest relatives — have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing.
When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted (喘气) quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.
People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals’ laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet — just loud enough to be heard by the laugher’s partner.
“It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study."
5．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain causes of animal and human laughter.
B．To assess complexities regarding animal laughter.
C．To present findings on the existence of animal laughter.
D．To analyze differences between animal and human laughter.
6．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish.
B．Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play.
C．People have learned to combine play with laughter.
D．People laugh loudly because they want to involve others.
7．What is probably the focus of future study on laughter?
A．Distinctive features of human laughter.
B．Different functions of animal laughter.
C．The origin and development of human laughter.
D．The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence.

TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture. We recognize that in many instances additional funding is necessary to make the study abroad experience both affordable and realistic. These scholarships were created as an attempt to help students with the financial commitments required for an international education experience.
TEAN provides numerous scholarships, including an annual full ride scholarship, need-and merit-based scholarships, diversity scholarships, even a photography scholarship, plus others.
TEAN FULL RIDE SCHOLARSHIP
The Education Abroad Network Full Ride Scholarship is designed to give a stand-out student the opportunity to study abroad. The scholarship can be used for any Summer or Fall TEAN program and covers tuition, program fees, orientation and housing.
REQUIREMENTS
Students must have their study abroad office complete the Statement from University form in order to be considered for the scholarship.
Must meet GPA (Grade Point Average) requirement for the individual program that they want to attend.
Must be a university student in the United States.
Students can only apply for the scholarship once per application cycle; applicants should select their top program choice when applying for the scholarship.
Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Will be based on the overall application materials, including a personal essay addressing the following question: “Why have you selected this program? How is it tied to your major?”
Applications will be judged by a panel of TEAN staff members.
Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.
No interview required.
APPLICATION DEADLINE
June 1,2023
8．TEAN can help students ______.
A．travel abroad B．save money for the future
C．experience overseas education D．understand popular foreign culture
9．To get the TEAN Full Ride Scholarship, a student must______.
A．be an American citizen
B．submit an application by June 1,2023
C．fill out the Statement from University form
D．turn in an application twice during an application cycle
10．An applicant going for the full ride scholarship is more likely to be accepted, if______.
A．he performs well academically
B．he does excellently in the interview
C．he chooses a program unrelated to his major
D．he obtains an outstanding recommendation essay

Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate (模仿) his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was “an absolutely horrible attempt”. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿)”, because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.
Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.
These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.
While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption (版权豁免) to any work, anywhere in the world, involving AI text and data mining.
The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.
11．Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.
B．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.
C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.
D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
12．What does the underlined word “deplored” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Clearly analyzed. B．Bravely suffered.
C．Strongly criticized. D．Accurately perceived.
13．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.
C．Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.
D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
14．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art
B．AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought
C．Threat or Opportunity: The Impact of AI on Art
D．The Rise of AI Art: What It Means to Human Artists

Europe’s Most Beautiful Places
From Norwegian islands high above the Arctic Circle to forest-covered mountains in Romania，windswept sandy beaches in Wales and icy lakes in the Balkans，Europe is a spectacularly varied place. The old continent’s historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors，but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners，known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers.
Lake Inari，Finland
High above the Arctic Circle and close to Finland’s border with Russia，Lake Inari is a year-round paradise. Dark，snowy winters make it ideal for catching a glimpse of the aurora borealis（北极光）.
Its tree-lined banks glow a burnt orange during autumn and in summer，you can swim in its chilly shallows. The center of local Sami culture，is as remote and traditional as Finland gets.
Unst，Shetland Isles，Scotland
The most northerly occupied island of the British Isles，Unst is a wild，rugged place where seas crash into the dramatic Muckle Flugga sea stacks.
The latter are a harbor for gannets（塘鹅）during breeding season，with birdwatchers also treated to the sight of searching skuas（贼鸥）.
Yorkshire Dales, England
Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls designed specially to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures, while its moody hills continually attract walkers, no matter the weather.
Geological wonders such as the limestone spectacles of Malham Cove and Gordale Scar make it perhaps the most beautiful part of the British Isles.
The Greek Islands
There are plenty of places to visit in Greece. But I love the Greek Islands best. White houses and beautiful churches, beaches and Aegean Sea make this a very popular place to visit. However, there is more to do here than just sunbathe. I cannot wait to go back and check out the caves and culture that make the Greek Islands one of the best places in Europe.
Loire Valley, France
Chateau de Chambord and Chateau de Chenonceau are the most famous, filled with classic viewing towers, formal gardens and boating lakes. Throw in a tour of its graperies, where some of the world’s finest wines are produced, and its glamour is impossible to ignore.
15．According to the passage, the best destinations in Europe are _______.
A．historic cities and Mediterranean beaches
B．similar to each other with no obvious differences
C．familiar to natives and a handful of adventurers
D．known to people around the world
16．If you are a cyclist interested in adventures, you’d better choose _______.
A．Unst, Shetland Isles, Scotland
B．Yorkshire Dales, England
C．Loire Valley, France
D．Lake Inari, Finland
17．According to the passage, we learn that the Greek Islands _______.
A．hasn’t been visited by the writer yet
B．has many waterfalls and valleys
C．is merely worth exploring by those who like sunbathing
D．is a good place for sunbathing

I love my gas stove. There’s nothing quite like cooking over that beautiful blue flame, so quickly adjusted with a flick of a dial. But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and also not great for our health. A new study this year has heightened health worries about noxious fumes (有毒烟尘) in our kitchens.
Broadly speaking, there are two categories of concern regarding gas stove emissions. First, there is the unburned natural gas that can escape before the flame ignites or leak from a gas hook-up. This gas is more than 90 percent methane (甲烷). Second, there are the pollutants created by combustion (燃烧) when a burner is on, most notably nitrogen oxides (氧化氮), which can upset the lungs.
The big surprise in the new study, conducted by environmental scientists at Stanford University, was the amount of unburned gas that leaks into kitchens when a stove is off. They found that more than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings. Only one out of 53 stoves measured for the study did not leak when turned off, says Rob Jackson, senior author of the study. Methane is not toxic, but it is a powerful greenhouse gas. With 40 million gas stoves across the country, Jackson and his co-authors estimate that the heat-trapping potential of the methane they discharge annually is equal to the carbon dioxide released by half a million gas-powered cars.
The Stanford study also looked at the amount of nitrogen oxides produced when using the stoves. In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods(排气罩)and who have small, poorly aired kitchens can go beyond the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide of 100 parts per billion(ppb)per hour. Even short exposures to excess nitrogen dioxide can worsen symptoms in people with respiratory conditions (呼吸系统疾病). And there is considerable evidence that long-term exposure raises the risk of developing asthma (哮喘).
What is the average home cook to make of all this? They might take an idea from Michanowicz, a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, who bought an induction burner and does much of his cooking on that $100 item. Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. He would like governments to provide motivations for people to switch to electric ranges. As for me, I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water.
18．According to the first paragraph, gas stove worries include___________.
A．the challenge of changing our cooking habits
B．the diseases brought by cooking on a gas stove
C．the environmental impact of cooking on a gas stove
D．the risk of catching fire while people are cooking on a gas stove
19．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Gas may leak into kitchens with a stove on or off.
B．Nitrogen oxides may cause people to develop lung cancer.
C．Methane can escape into kitchens through wrong operation.
D．Kitchens can do harm to people without proper pipe fittings.
20．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Colorful. B．Useful. C．Harmful. D．Fruitful.
21．As for changing a cooking habit, the author is__________.
A．doubtful B．disapproving C．unconcerned D．supportive

International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.
BRAZIL
In general, Brazilian culture is informal. Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet. Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking. Even if this is unusual in your culture, try not to move away if it happens. If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.
On the other hand, if you are invited to someone’s house, you should take a gift — like flowers or chocolate. However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.
If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.
SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia is a very traditional country. It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first. People shake hands in business situations, but men and women do not touch in public.
In a business meeting, do not start with business matters at once. Instead, lead in the conversation by asking about people’s family or health. Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late. Being on time is less important in Saudi Arabia than it is in most western countries. Business dress is formal.
Gifts are not expected at business meetings. If you are invited to a Saudi home, acceptable gifts are chocolate or coffee. Be careful not to admire the things the host owns, because he or she will feel necessary to give an item to you as a gift.
22．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．kissing on the cheek when greeting
B．dressing formally when invited
C．preparing gifts at business meetings
D．standing very close when talking
23．Which of the following are mentioned in both countries in the passage?
①lead-in topics ②greetings ③arriving time ④giving gifts ⑤dresses
A．①②③④ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤
24．Why does the writer write this passage?
A．To ask more people to travel to different countries.
B．To introduce some basic rules in different cultures.
C．To teach tourists how to understand English culture.
D．To show different opinions about different cultures.

Wang Shuang was just five when her parents divorced, dropped her at her uncle’s and left. Football, as it often is, became an escape.
At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behavior. As the only girl in the boys’ team, Wang’s performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl”. And soon, she sensed the sport’s power. Football allowed her to “release herself” and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone”.
However, life was never smooth sailing. The constant jibes (嘲讽) from some people, who always tried to push her down and destroy her hopes, affected her so deeply that she lost confidence. “They were saying I had no talent at all. Gradually, I felt really so,” Wang once wrote. But never did she stop playing. When she was called up at the age of 17, Wang thought, “Me? Are you sure?” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was excited that an excellent coach thought she was good. It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all.”
Not any “bit of talent”; the genius is praised as China’s once-in-a-generation player.
China is a pioneer of women’s football in Asia and has won the continental championship nine times, including seven straight titles between 1986 and 1999. That was their golden age. Gradually, though, the dynasty declined (衰退). It is hoped that Wang will inspire the women’s football of the country to its former height.
Coaches are almost always hesitant to speak about individual players. But when coach Shui Qingxia was asked about Wang before the match against Vietnam, she couldn’t stop mentioning her influence on the team. Unfailingly performing on the big stage, Wang did not let her team down. When they lacked a quality ball，she delivered two high assists that finally led her team into the quarterfinal(四分之一决赛).
“Nobody knows how hard it was,” declared Wang after the match. “We overcame difficulties. We also showed our strong spiritual power. I am proud of my team. ”
25．What can we infer about Wang from the second paragraph?
A．She earned a living on her own.
B．She was released from the team.
C．She was laughed at by the boys.
D．She found a sense of belonging.
26．How did Wang regain faith in her abilities?
A．By winning recognition.
B．By obtaining inspiration.
C．By playing in the national team.
D．By ignoring other people’s jibes.
27．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose
B．Wang Shuang: A Child Genius
C．Wang Shuang:A Football Pioneer
D．Wang Shuang: A Golden Age Creator

Ryuichi Sakamoto, the Japanese composer who died on March 28, 2023, was a talented musician. For many, his combination of noisy notes and joyous ones made him timeless and avant-garde (前卫的). But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions.
Before I learned to love Sakamoto, my mother loved him. After her days studying textiles (纺织) at a women’s college in our hometown of Nagoya, Japan, she would come home and play the Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence theme over and over. When she sat at her piano bench, she was trying to mold herself into the most attracting woman that she could be. Still, her childhood desire for a bigger life never died. Years later, when she played it again on that same piano, now transported to our Chicago home, her hands would crash down on Sakamoto’s drumming and upset bridge. It seemed that she buried herself in her younger dream and at the same time got lost in the reality of living away from her home and family. Both the joy of a fulfilled dream and the sorrow of its harsh realities mixed in Sakamoto’s score, pervading (弥漫) our living room.
Following in my mother’s footsteps, I too learned to play Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence. I played it in an open music room at college, where I was quite depressed under the gaze of strangers as well as excited about becoming my own adult. I played Sakamoto again in my then-boyfriend’s grandparents’ sitting room, the piece now reflecting my struggle to see how my Japanese and American self could fit into this white family, even though I was in love.
Sakamoto’s genius for telling the contradictions (矛盾) of existence arises again and again. I’m still playing Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, now at the electric piano in my living room, as I puzzle through becoming a new mother, frightened and thrilled at the same time. Maybe someday my daughter will play Sakamoto’s music, and it will help her understand her life too.
28．The author loves Sakamoto for_________.
A．his Japanese identity
B．his talent as a composer
C．his way to combine notes
D．his creation of mixed emotions
29．How did the author’s mother feel when she played Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence in Chicago?
A．Contented with her current life.
B．Joyful and sorry at the same time
C．Annoyed with the difficult bridge
D．Lonely and upset away from home.
30．What is this passage mainly about?
A．The life and accomplishments of Ryuichi Sakamoto.
B．The challenges of being a Japanese-American woman.
C．Contradicting emotions aroused by Sakamoto’s music.
D．A mother and daughter’s shared love for playing the piano.

In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”: no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped. A rare exception is onomatopoeia, where words representing the bark of a dog (bow-wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound. Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama? It does not sound like a mother, but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world. There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make. A baby vocalising will, at first, make a vowel-like sound, usually something like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother” around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities, too. Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose). This produces a b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five, or older still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world’s dazzling variety.
31．What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A．Pronunciation B．Sound C．Bee D．Animal
32．“Mamas” and “papas” are used so universally because ________.
A．the sounds of the two words sound alike
B．air will come out of baby’s mouth directly
C．the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D．babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
33．According to the passage, which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate?
A．Forthcoming. B．Programme. C．Magnificent. D．Magazine.
34．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Inspiration from babies’ smile and talks.
B．Linguists’ efforts to the research of sounds.
C．Connection between the word mum and dad.
D．Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.

Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product —CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
35．How did Moorc react to her dad’s warning?
A．She argued with him. B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
36．What is special about CanCandy?
A．It is beneficial to dental health. B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies. D．It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
37．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.

It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. During the teenage years, for example, the brain changes massively, and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships, and status.
“Being a teenager is a really a major time of development,” says Orben. “You’re much more impacted by your peers, you’re much more interested in what other people think about you. And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times.”
As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. “There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points. That might be due to living different lives, going through development at different points. They might be using social media differently.” says Orben.
For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision. “In a lot of cases, parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day.” says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood. “I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility,” says Anja Stevie, researcher at the University of Vienna, Austria. “This is definitely something that parents should consider: are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device?”
One factor parents shouldn’t overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone. Besides, it’s worth remembering, though, that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available. “I’m increasingly hearing, when I interview children, that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get, and I think that is probably really wise,” says Livingstone.
38．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones.
B．Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones.
C．Age does not influence the impact of social media on children.
D．It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children’s phones.
39．What’s the writer’s attitude towards buying children smart phones?
A．Concerned. B．Puzzled. C．Pessimistic. D．Subjective.
40．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Parents’ Practical Decision B．Negative Sides of Social Media
C．An Introduction of Apps & Games D．When to Buy Children Smartphones


Born in 1928, Eugenio Monti, was the best young Italian skier of his generation. He became known as the Flying Redhead and won several national titles, but in 1951 an accident called an end to his skiing career. It was then that he switched to bobsleigh. In 1954 he won his first Italian championship and started to dominate the sport in Italy and be a force internationally for more than a decade. However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.
At the 1964 Games in Innsbruck, Austria, Monti and his partner Sergio Siorpaes were the defending world champions, which made them favourites in the two-man event. Monti was desperate to add Olympic golds to his medal collection because he was 36 years old then and had already suffered serious problems with his knees, arguably running out of time to achieve his Olympic dreams. But they were in heated competition with the British team of Anthony Nash and Robin Dixon.
After two runs on the first day, the British led the field. On day two, however, a faulty axle (车轴) on the sled would have been sure to lead to their withdrawal, if it weren’t for Monti offering to lend them the bolt (螺栓) from his sled. The British pair went on to record the fastest time on that final run and won gold by just 0.12 seconds, while Monti and Siorpaes claimed the bronze.
Four days later in the four-man event, Monti’s selflessness towards his fellow competitors shone through for a second time when the rear axle on the Canadian team’s sled was damaged. Monti sent the Italian team’s mechanics to repair it, with the consequence that the Canadian team won gold, with Monti having to settle for another bronze.
Monti was recognised with the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship after the 1964 Winter Games. And four years later, at the age of 40, at the 1968 Games in Grenoble, Monti finally fulfilled his dream of being an Olympic champion.
41．What can be learned about Eugenio Monti from the passage?
A．He completely failed in achieving medals at the 1964 Winter Games.
B．He had achieved national and international golds in skiing before 1951.
C．He helped Anthony Nash and Robin Dixon twice in Innsbruck, Austria.
D．He was awarded the first Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship.
42．What does the underlined word “favourties” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Sportsmen who have a strong fan base.
B．Competitors who are expected to win.
C．Athletes who receive better treatments.
D．Players who are liked better by people.
43．What can best describe Eugenio Monti according to the passage?
A．Generous and selfless.
B．Curious and adaptable.
C．Responsible and courageous.
D．Persevering and hardworking.
44．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Eugenio Monti—the Flying Redhead
B．Eugenio Monti—An Olympic Legend
C．Eugenio Monti—A Real Bobsleigh Champion
D．Eugenio Monti—An Athlete with Sportsmanship

I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
45．What do we know about the author?
A．She created the term “software engineering”.
B．She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
C．She taught Lauren to write software.
D．She got her master’s degree from MIT.
46．“The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A．a pet to accompany Lauren B．a mistake causing data loss
C．a software ending prelaunch D．a mission to land on the moon
47．What greatly contributed to Apollo 11’s success according to the passage?
A．The in-time upload of data. B．Astronauts’ rich experience.
C．Experts’ new attitude. D．The program change.
48．What can we learn from Margaret’s story?
A．Honesty is the best policy. B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Chances favor the prepared mind. D．A good beginning is half done.

Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, due to human activities, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, a rise in global temperatures of 1.5℃ could cause coral reefs to decline 70-90%. The planet is about 1℃ hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic (酸性的). This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their color. When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.
If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbors, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100 km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000 km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting (肆虐), as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.
Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay a special tax, like what has been done in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific, for example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow in new spots.
49．According to the passage, what may happen to coral reefs when waters become warm?
A．Floating away. B．Changing forms.
C．Turning white. D．Becoming acidic.
50．According to Paragraph 4, the governments should .
A．ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas
B．reduce the number of visitors to the marine parks
C．call on volunteers to look after the marine reserves
D．carry out stricter rules on industries around the coast
51．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
A．Corals have experienced death and revival for five times.
B．Reefs play an important part in protecting the fish diversity.
C．Coral systems suffer from agriculture, tourism and fishing.
D．The growth of coral has nothing to do with the condition.
52．What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A．To attach more importance to coral reefs protection.
B．To present the significance of coral reefs to the world.
C．To expose the influence of climate change on coral reefs.
D．To appeal to governments for quick action to save coral reefs.

As I read about Sarah Loh’s journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧) she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get there.
Loh had to deal with many of the same questions women in sports often face, such as: “How can a woman coach or lead when she has never played sports?” But as an Asian woman, Loh also faced questions with an added layer of racism: “What would a multicultural woman know about football?”
A recent Victoria University survey of 221 diverse women made up of current and former coaches, managers and board members found that half of the respondents were unhappy with their leadership roles and that many aspiring leaders believed their gender and background were barriers.
Women from different backgrounds, races, religions, classes and sexual orientations can sometimes experience multiple layers of injustice depending on the context. In order to address these inequalities, there are practical steps sporting organizations can take to create welcoming and inclusive environments for women in sports at every level.
In recent years, national sporting organizations across Australia have shown an increasing commitment to and engagement in the promotion of gender equality and respect to prevent violence against all women. Recognizing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awareness-raising programs such as Carlton Respects.
Sports have an influence way beyond the field, court or green on which they’re played, and they provide an opportunity to set and maintain positive community standards.
While resilience is a great strength to possess as a leader, women of color, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women or those from refugee and migrant backgrounds shouldn’t be required to wear such a thick set of armor (防御) to simply work in sports. Surely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for.
53．What can we learn about Sarah Loh from the text?
A．She faced unfair treatment as a player in the AFL.
B．She is the first Chinese chief executive in the AFL.
C．Her sports achievements made her a leader in the AFL.
D．Her road to success was hard due to her gender and race.
54．Which measure has been taken to solve the problem of gender inequality?
A．Strengthening females resilience by training.
B．Establishing more female sporting organizations.
C．Raising public awareness of violence against women.
D．Offering more opportunities for women to take sports.
55．The author writes this passage to .
A．recognize the value of female leaders
B．call for equality and respect for females
C．encourage more females to take sports
D．present the difficulties female leaders face

Would you like to make contributions to your community?
Members of Love Zone are creative and responsible, making them perfectly ready to help handle various problems through volunteering.
If you want to make a difference in your community, or be a part of something bigger than yourself, then this is the place to start. Here are a few organizations of Love Zone with volunteer opportunities for teens!
Habitat for Humanity
Everyone deserves to have a place they call home. By volunteering with Habitat for Humanity, you can play a role in building up your community. Their Habitat Youth Programs accept volunteers between the ages of 5 and 40.
Meals on Wheels
For those teens who just got their licenses, here’s a volunteer opportunity that will make driving worthwhile. 200 million meals have been delivered so far. You can connect with your local provider to get involved. Meals on Wheels is on a mission to meet the nutritional and social needs of the elderly.
Key Club
As the oldest service program for high school students, the Key Club has quite a history of helping teens get involved in volunteering. Because clubs are student-led, you get a direct say in the kinds of service projects you want to do. Chances are, there’s already a chapter in your school, but if not, you can try taking the lead in one.
Best Buddies
Volunteer with Best Buddies to help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and you can make them connected with other people. Join a school chapter (or start your own) to use friendship as a tool to improve the sense of belonging in your community.
And don’t worry. Even if you can’t volunteer physically, there are also tons of online volunteer opportunities available! If you want to find out more about joining a worthwhile volunteer organization, please click at www.Love Zone.org.
56．What is required for joining Meals on Wheels?
A．A driver’s license. B．A nurse’s license.
C．A teacher certificate. D．An architect certificate.
57．To help people with developmental disabilities, you can join .
A．Habitat for Humanity B．Meals on Wheels
C．Key Club D．Best Buddies
58．The author writes this passage to .
A．get more people to contribute to society
B．teach teens to be creative and responsible
C．raise public awareness of community affairs
D．instruct teens in ways to earn volunteer hours

The older you get, the more difficult it is to learn a new language. But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is—at what age it becomes harder. In one of the largest studies, researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18, about 10 years later than earlier thought. But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.
To solve this problem, the research team collected data on a person’s age, language level and time studying English. They created a short online grammar quiz called “Which English?” that tested noun-verb agreement, pronouns, prepositions and relative clauses, among other linguistic elements. They wanted to find out when the “critical period” for achieving the highest levels of grammatical fluency ends.
Based on people’s grammar scores and information about their learning of English, the researchers developed models to find out how long it takes to become fluent in a language and the best age to start learning. They concluded that the ability to learn a new language, at least grammatically, is strongest until the age of 18. To become completely fluent, however, learning should start before the age of 10.
There are three main ideas as to why language-learning ability falls at 18: social changes, interference (干扰) from one’s primary language and continuing brain development. At 18, kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time. Once they do, they may no longer have the time, opportunity to study a second language. Or it is possible that after one masters a first language, its rules interfere with the ability to learn a second language. Finally, changes in the brain that continue during the late teens and early 20s may somehow make learning harder.
This is not to say that we cannot learn a new language if we are over 20. There are many examples of people who pick up a language later in life.
Although the study was conducted only in English, the researchers believe the findings will transfer to other languages and they are developing similar tests for Spanish and Mandarin.
59．In Paragraph 2, “this problem” refers to ______.
A．at what age people can do the quiz
B．how people improve their language skills
C．why people find it hard to master grammar rules
D．in what period people can learn a new language well
60．Why does people’s language-learning ability fall at 18?
A．Because they have no good learning environment.
B．Because they are busy developing other life skills.
C．Because they needn’t improve the language ability.
D．Because they focus more on their primary language.
61．Why does the author write the passage?
A．To explain a finding. B．To provide a solution.
C．To lead a discussion. D．To support an opinion.

Young German Man Studies TCM in China
Wu Ming is a young German born after 1995. Wu is a big fan of Chinese culture, such as the Shaolin kung fu, a traditional Chinese martial art. He has been learning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since 2016, almost seven years. Now he is studying for his master’s degree at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
As he thought some diseases can’t be treated thoroughly with Western medicine, he decided to dig into TCM. Wu came to Central China’s Henan province in 2015, where a strong TCM culture can be enjoyed. After one-year of learning Chinese language, he started to learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is one of the best-protected aspects of Chinese culture”, said Wu. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture deeply by learning TCM.
In the early stages, Wu always tasted some Chinese herbal medicine by himself, just like Shennong, a character in ancient Chinese stories, who tasted most of the herbal medicine himself. To overcome difficulties in communicating, he also learned and practiced Chinese, especially the Henan dialect (方言), as his teachers, schoolmates, and even some patients speak in Henan dialect in their daily conversations. Although sometimes he still has trouble telling the difference between Mandarin (普通话) and the dialect, he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others.
Studying TCM also changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, trapped in this fast but unhealthy daily life. But now, according to the Yin-Yang principle in TCM, he lives a balanced and peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and reading ancient books.
In Wu’s opinion, there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. “We are the same. Misunderstanding comes from being out of touch”, said Wu. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after graduation, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and attract public attention to TCM and its culture.
62．What is Wu’s purpose of studying TCM?
A．To get his master’s degree.
B．To prove his learning abilities.
C．To test some Chinese herbal medicine.
D．To better treat diseases and understand Chinese culture.
63．How did Wu overcome difficulties in daily conversations?
A．By reading ancient Chinese books.
B．By learning and practicing the Henan dialect.
C．By asking his teachers, schoolmates and patients for advice.
D．By studying the difference between Mandarin and the Henan dialect.
64．What can we learn about Wu’s lifestyle after his studying TCM?
A．He stays up late every night. B．He lives a fast and healthy lifestyle.
C．He is addicted to electronic devices. D．He develops a good habit of drinking tea.
65．In Wu’s opinion, misunderstanding comes from_________.
A．lacking communication B．language barrier
C．being different from one another D．mind and lifestyle
66．According to the passage, which word can best describe Wu Ming?
A．Gentle. B．Honest. C．Passionate. D．Outgoing.

Calligraphy (书法) has been recognized as one of the 114 first-level subjects in the country according to the latest subject content announced by the Education Ministry (教育部). The great attention from the public shows how surprised some people feel about its inclusion on the list.
Calligraphy is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and an artistic treasure in China. The starting point of the decision of the ministry is, of course, to promote the development of calligraphy art.
In addition, calligraphy and other subjects in this field are professional matters. The announcement and change of their policies should take professional opinions into consideration, and should not be easily influenced by the passion to carry forward traditional culture.
Now that calligraphy has been set as a first-level subject, the development space for calligraphy teachers and students in colleges and universities has been increased and the level of training can be improved.
However, if a subject becomes a first-level one, it is generally necessary to build a complete and independent subject system that shows the independence of the subject in teaching and research. However, many excellent calligraphers in China are themselves excellent writers and experts in various fields. Their calligraphy achievements are not the result of specialized study of calligraphy, but the crystallization (结晶) of integrated quality, knowledge and skills. In this sense, the key feature of calligraphy lies in its openness and it is connected with various subjects. In other words, it raises the question of whether calligraphy is independent enough to be a first-level subject.
The other question is whether the move will raise the importance of calligraphy in the eyes of primary and secondary schools and parents. That might increase the amount of work of primary and secondary school students. Is it really necessary to give a branch of the writing arts such a high position in the subject system, particularly as it has already become limited to a small group of calligraphy lovers rather than a basic writing skill of the educated as it was before. Not to mention the fact that the job market for calligraphy learners is quite small.
In practice, colleges and universities should prudently design the courses for the new first-level subject so that the reform can be beneficial to the development of the art form without being led to the wrong way, there are still many details and plans for them to consider before the courses are put into practice. They should focus on improving the quality of the calligraphy education and research instead of simply enlarging scale (规模).
67．Why did the Ministry of Education make calligraphy a first-level subject?
A．To help it go further. B．To show its independence.
C．To build its subject system. D．To make it a cultural treasure.
68．We can know from paragraph 5 that calligraphy
A．cannot be improved by study.
B．is mixed with various knowledge.
C．does not need a complete subject system.
D．has the independence as a first-level subject.
69．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
A．Calligraphy remains a basic skill today.
B．Calligraphy is widely enjoyed by people.
C．Parents pay much attention to calligraphy.
D．There are limited jobs for calligraphy students.
70．What does the underlined word “prudently” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Freely. B．Simply. C．Carefully. D．Quickly.
71．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Universities should increase their calligraphy students.
B．The reform will reduce primary school students’ stress.
C．The development of calligraphy depends on universities.
D．Universities need to conduct more valuable calligraphy studies.




参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和自己的女儿发生冲突后，和育儿专家通话后改变原来的处理冲突的方式，希望能改善和女儿的关系。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. (我因为钥匙把她摔在地上，真的。事实上，当她不顾我的话，在晚上11点开门离开家去看电影时，我把我16岁的女儿摔倒在地)”可知，作者和女儿吵架的真正原因是因为女儿坚持深夜外出。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. (那些评论真的让我感觉很糟糕。我没有考虑过她的行为有什么积极的方面——但除了我们母女的关系，我从来不想贬低我女儿坚强的意志)”可知，这些评论让作者感到“糟糕”，是因为作者没有注意到女儿行为中积极的方面，也就是令人满意的方面。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第七段“After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. (在和艾米交谈之后，我意识到我才是那个需要帮助来理解纪律和控制的人。老实说，我确实讨厌责任落在我身上。我想要被允许尖叫和惩罚)”可推知，通过电话，作者了解到她应该建设性地处理冲突，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter. (因此，我的工作是学习新的回应，为我的女儿提供选择和现实的后果，而不是空洞的威胁。希望这能改变我和女儿的关系)”可推知，在重新处理同样的情况时，作者应该会把深夜离家的后果——不安全告诉女儿，并且让她选择一个其他时间出门。故选B。
5．C 6．D 7．A

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike?(但是动物呢？他们会“笑”吗？动物和人类笑的原因是一样的吗？)”提出的三个问题、第三段中“Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too.(最近，科学家们调查了游戏中的发声，看看它在动物中有多普遍。研究小组确定了65种会在玩耍时“笑”的物种——大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑)”、第五段中“Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.(她说，许多其他灵长类动物也会在玩耍时发出声音，因此提出了一种假说(人类的笑声被认为是在玩耍时产生的)，这种假说得到了许多灵长类动物与玩耍有关的喘息笑声的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,’ Winkler told Live Science.(温克勒告诉《生活科学》杂志说：“这么多动物在玩耍时都有类似的发声功能，这真的很有趣。”)”中给出的相关答案可知，本文是为了展示“动物界存在笑声”相关研究的成果。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段中“People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion.(人们大声传播他们的笑声，这通常是作为一种寻求参与者的方式)”可知，人们大声地笑是为了让其它人参与进来。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study.(但我们确实有人类笑声所独有的部分，这也是未来研究的一个重要领域)”可推知，接下来的研究很可能重点关注人类笑声的独特特征。故选A项。
8．C 9．B 10．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TEAN奖学金的详细信息。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture.(TEAN致力于为学生提供一个千载难逢的机会，让他们在一个全新的、令人兴奋的文化中体验出国留学)”可知，TEAN可以帮助学生体验海外教育。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据APPLICATION DEADLINE部分中June 1,2023可知，申请截止日期为2023年6月1日，所以要获得TEAN全额奖学金，学生必须在2023年6月1日前提交申请。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章SELECTION CRITERIA部分中“Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.(评估将基于以下方面：学术成绩优秀、积极参与课外活动、领导能力的成就、对国际教育价值的认识以及个人论文)”可知，申请全额奖学金的申请人在学业上表现很好，更有可能被录取。故选A项。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述一些艺术家对人工智能艺术的看法，并指出人工智能艺术一定会面临挑战。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段“A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons. (在凯夫发表讲话前几天，专家们被要求区分四件真正的艺术品和它们的人工智能仿制品。他们的结论在12次中有5次是错误的，而且他们只在四张图片的对比中有一张是完全正确的。)”可推断提到了四幅图片的比较是说明人工智能艺术不可低估，故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. (CDC强调，虽然开发人工智能很重要，但不应不惜一切代价追求它。)”和画线单词所在句子“It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence (它deplored数字、文化和媒体部门未能提供辩护)”可知，开发人工智能很重要，但不应不惜一切代价追求它，这说明CDC对数字、文化和媒体部门未能提供辩护表示批评，故猜测deplored意思是批评，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿)”, because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering. (他明白人工智能还处于婴儿期，但他只能得出这样的结论：真正的恐怖可能是“它将永远处于婴儿期”。他写道，也许有一天机器人能够创作一首歌，但它永远不会超越“一种滑稽模仿”，因为机器人是由数据组成的，它们无法忍受痛苦，而歌曲是从痛苦中产生的。)”可推断有些艺术家认为尽管人工智能是一种威胁，但它更是一种工具。故选A。
14．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now. (正如凯夫所言，人工智能面临的挑战既有哲学层面的，也有实践层面的。它们将在短期和长期内展开。最先进的创意产业在塑造和探索哲学产业方面发挥着关键作用，但它们必须得到生存和成功所需的实际帮助。他们现在就需要。)”可知本文讲述的就是人工智能艺术必定要面临很多挑战，B选项“艺术中的AI：一场必须进行的战斗”符合文章主旨，适合做标题，故选B。
15．C 16．B 17．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了欧洲最美的五个地方。
15．细节理解题。根据第一段“The old continent’s historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors，but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners，known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers. (这个古老大陆的历史名城和地中海海滩吸引了许多游客，但最好的目的地有时是更偏远的角落，只有当地人和一些勇敢的旅行者知道。)”可知，欧洲最好的目的地是当地人和少数冒险家所熟悉的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据Yorkshire Dales, England中的“Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls designed specially to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures, while its moody hills continually attract walkers, no matter the weather. (它狭窄的小巷两旁是专为寻求奇妙冒险的骑自行车者设计的干石墙，而它的起伏的山丘不断吸引着步行者，无论天气如何。)”可知，如果你是一个喜欢冒险的骑行者，你最好选择英格兰的约克郡山谷。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据The Greek Islands中的“However, there is more to do here than just sunbathe. (然而，除了日光浴，这里还有更多的事情可做。)”可知，希腊群岛是一个晒日光浴的好地方。故选D。
18．B 19．D 20．C 21．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是研究发现使用天然气灶做饭对气候和人的健康有危害，并指出如何解决这一问题。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and also not great for our health. A new study this year has heightened health worries about noxious fumes (有毒烟尘) in our kitchens.(但近年来，环保人士一直在警告说，燃气灶对气候有害，对我们的健康也没有好处。今年的一项新研究加剧了人们对厨房有毒烟雾的健康担忧)”可知，天燃气灶担忧包括对天燃气做饭带来的疾病。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They found that more than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings.(他们发现，超过四分之三的甲烷是在炉子不使用时逸出的，很可能是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的)”以及第四段中的“In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods (排气罩) and who have small, poorly aired kitchens can go beyond the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide of 100 parts per billion(ppb)per hour.(在几分钟内，不使用排气罩的家庭，以及拥有小而通风不良的厨房的家庭，可能会超过环境保护局(Environmental Protection Agency)规定的每小时10亿分之100 (ppb)的二氧化氮户外暴露限值)”可知，研究发现，不使用燃气灶时，3/4的甲烷会通过不完好的管道逸出，而在不使用排气罩或通风不佳的家庭厨房里可能会二氧化氮超标。由此推知，没有合适管道的厨房可能是有害的。故选D项。
20．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后的“but it is a powerful greenhouse gas.(但它是一种强大的温室气体)”可知，甲烷是一种强大的温室气体，根据but可知，该句话与划线单词所在句子为转折关系，结合选项可知，全句意思为“虽然甲烷不是有害气体，但它是一种强大的温室气体”符合逻辑，所以划线单词意为“有害的”。故选C项。
21．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. He would like governments to provide motivations for people to switch to electric ranges. As for me, I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water.(就杰克逊而言，他把钱花在了他的研究上：“我正在用电磁炉取代一个非常好的煤气炉”。他希望政府为人们改用电动汽车提供动力。至于我，我已经改用电热水壶烧水了)”可知，一些科学家或研究者正在用电炉替换燃气灶或希望政府 转换为电器，而作者也开始用电壸烧水。由此推知，作者对改换做饭习惯持支持态度。故选D项。
22．D 23．D 24．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同文化中的一些基本规则。
22．词句猜测题。根据上文“Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking.(女人通常会亲吻脸颊，而男人通常只是握手。巴西人说话时通常站得很近)”可知，this指的是巴西人说话时通常站得很近这件事。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据BRAZIL部分的“Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet.(大多数巴西人都很友好，所以问候你遇到的人是很重要的)”、“If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.(如果你去参加一个商务会议，你不需要带礼物)”、“However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.(然而，避免紫色或黑色，因为这些颜色与死亡有关)”、“If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.(如果你被邀请去吃饭，至少迟到30分钟，但一定要穿着得体，因为一个人的外表对巴西人来说非常重要)”和SAUDI ARABIA部分的“It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first.(首先问候年龄最大或地位最高的人是很重要的)”、“Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late.(商务会议要准时到达，但如果别人迟到也不要感到惊讶)”、“Business dress is formal.(商务着装是正式的)”、“Gifts are not expected at business meetings.(商务会议上不应该送礼物)”可知，这两个国家都提到的是问候、到达时间、着装和给礼物。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.( 国际旅行很受欢迎，但如果游客不知道一些基本的“规则”，他们就会遇到麻烦。所以，了解他们所参观的国家的文化是很重要的)”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍不同文化中的一些基本规则。故选B。
25．D 26．A 27．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女子足球运动员王霜的个人经历和成就。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behaviour. As the only girl in the boys’ team, Wang’s performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl.” And soon, she sensed the sport’s power. Football allowed her to “release herself” and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone.”(7岁时，她被教练徐一龙（音译）看中，徐一龙发现王霜活泼好动。作为男队中唯一的女生，王霜的表现令人印象深刻，为她赢得了“铁妹”的绰号。很快，她就感受到这项运动的力量。足球让她“释放自我”，并意识到“无论发生什么，足球永远不会让你孤单。”)”可知，王霜认为足球能让她释放自己，意识到，无论发生什么，足球永远不会让她孤单。由此可推知，王霜从足球身上感受到了一种归属感。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“When she was called up to the national team, aged 17, Wang thought, “Me? Are you sure?” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was “excited that an excellent coach thought I was good.” It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all.”(17岁那年，当她被征召进国家队时，她想：“我？你确定吗？”当一家世界著名的俱乐部想要签下她时，她“很兴奋，因为一位优秀的教练认为我很出色。”直到那时，她才对自己的能力充满信心。“我觉得自己被认可了。也许我还是有点天赋的。”)”可知，在被招进国家队，自己的能力被认可时，王霜才对自己的能力充满信心。故选A项。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段提到了足球对儿时的王霜来说是一种逃避；第二段提到了王霜7岁时被教练看中，加入足球队进行训练；第三段提到了王霜曾受到周围人的打击和嘲笑而不自信，但被招进国家队后重拾了信心；第四、五、六、七段介绍了王霜的相关成就。由此可知，本文主要介绍了王霜的个人经历，跌宕起伏，但依然保持对足球的热情和初心，犹如绽放的铿锵玫瑰。A项“Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose(“铿锵玫瑰”王霜)”更符合文章主题。故选A项。
28．D 29．B 30．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过讲述作者及其母亲对日本作曲家Ryuichi Sakamoto音乐的喜爱，介绍了其音乐引起的矛盾的思想情感。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions. (但对我来说，Sakamoto首先是一个复杂情感的创造者。)”可知，作者喜欢Sakamoto是因为他是复杂情感的缔造者。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Years later, when she played it again on that same piano, now transported to our Chicago home, her hands would crash down on Sakamoto’s drumming and upset bridge. It seemed that she buried herself in her younger dream and at the same time got lost in the reality of living away from her home and family. Both the joy of a fulfilled dream and the sorrow of its harsh realities mixed in Sakamoto’s score, pervading (弥漫) our living room. (多年以后，当她再次在那架钢琴上演奏这首歌时，她的手会在Sakamoto的击鼓和翻倒的桥面上崩溃。她似乎把自己埋在了年轻时的梦想中，同时又迷失在了远离家乡和家人的现实中。梦想实现的喜悦和残酷现实的悲伤交织在Sakamoto的乐谱中，弥漫在我们的客厅里。)”可知，作者的母亲在芝加哥弹奏这首乐曲时，似乎将自己满葬在年轻的梦想中，同时迷失在远离家乡的现实中，由此可知，这种复杂的情感中既有实现梦想的快乐，又充斥着远离家乡的悲痛。故选B项。
30．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“For many, his combination of noisy notes and joyous ones made him timeless and avant-garde (前卫的). But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions.”可知，Sakamoto是复杂情感的缔造者，也是作者喜欢他乐曲的原因，结合下文中介绍的作者及母亲在演奏Sakamoto乐曲时的矛盾又复杂的情感感受可知，本文主要关于由Sakamoto音乐唤起的矛盾的情感。故选C项。
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．D

【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要在探讨在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
31．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped.”（单词dog和毛茸茸的 quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段“ a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.”（有少数几个，比如b、 m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder.”（F -不是特别容易发音；th音更难发音。）可知，选项A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality?”（在许多语言中，““mother/mom”这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗?）并结合全文可知，本文主要在讨论许多发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。故选D。
35．B 36．A 37．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位青少年创业者Alice Moore，她用她独特的智慧帮助了爱吃糖孩子可以多吃糖，最终成就了自己的事业。
35．细节理解题。由第二段“So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”(所以她想要绕开这个威胁，‘为什么我不能做一个健康的糖果，对我的牙齿有好处，这样我的父母就不会对它说不？’)”，可知Alice Moore希望找到解决办法。故选B项。
36．细节理解题。由第三段中最后一句“Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria. (因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作了一种糖果，这种甜味剂可以减少口腔细菌。)”可知，CanCandy的特别之处在于对牙齿有益处，而非有害。故选A项。
37．推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. (凭借她的天赋和决心，天空似乎是Alice Moore的极限。)”可知，Alice Moore因为父亲对吃糖有害的言论展开思考，产生了让更多爱吃糖的孩子既能享受糖果又能使牙齿健康的初衷，创立公司，积极地付诸实践并取得成功这说明积极的思考和行动能促成成功。故选C项。
38．B 39．A 40．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社交媒体对儿童和青少年的负面影响会让让孩子对社交媒体更加敏感。
38．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision (对许多父母来说，给孩子买手机是一个实际的决定)”可知许多父母倾向于给孩子买智能手机，故选B。
39．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. (除了年龄之外，其他因素可能会影响社交媒体对儿童和青少年的影响，但研究人员才刚刚开始探索这些个体差异)”可知作者对购买儿童智能手机的态度是担忧的，故选A。
40．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对儿童和青少年的负面影响会让让孩子对社交媒体更加敏感。以及第一段讲到“It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. (值得注意的是，发展变化可能会让孩子对社交媒体的负面影响更加敏感。)”可知这篇文章的最佳标题是社交媒体的负面影响，故选B。
41．D 42．B 43．A 44．C

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了出生于1928年的意大利最优秀的年轻滑雪者尤金尼奥·蒙蒂以及在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的事迹。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而，人们更广泛地记得，蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)”可知，他被授予第一个顾拜旦体育精神奖章。故选D。
42．词义猜测题。根据第二段“At the 1964 Games in Innsbruck, Austria, Monti and his partner Sergio Siorpaes were the defending world champions, which made them favourites in the two-man event. (在1964年奥地利因斯布鲁克奥运会上，蒙蒂和他的搭档塞尔吉奥·西奥帕斯是卫冕世界冠军，这使他们成为两人项目的favourites)”可知，因为他们是卫冕世界冠军，所以成为两人项目最有希望获胜的，由此可知，划线单词“favourites”与B项“预计将获胜的竞争对手”意思一样。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段“On day two, however, a faulty axle (车轴) on the sled would have been sure to lead to their withdrawal, if it weren’t for Monti offering to lend them the bolt (螺栓) from his sled. (然而，第二天，如果不是蒙蒂愿意把雪橇上的螺栓借给他们，雪橇上的轴有故障肯定会导致他们撤退。)”说明蒙蒂很慷慨；以及第四段“Four days later in the four-man event, Monti’s selflessness towards his fellow competitors shone through for a second time when the rear axle on the Canadian team’s sled was damaged.(四天后，在四人滑雪比赛中，当加拿大队雪橇的后轴受损时，蒙蒂对其他对手的无私再次显现出来。蒙蒂派意大利队的机械师去修理，结果加拿大队赢得了金牌，蒙蒂只得再拿一枚铜牌。)”可知，蒙蒂非常的无私。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, Monti is more widely remembered as the first athlete to be awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship displayed during the 1964 Winter Olympic Games.(然而，人们更广泛地记得，蒙蒂是第一位在1964年冬季奥运会上因表现出的体育精神而被授予皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦奖章的运动员。)”以及最后一段“Monti was recognised with the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship after the 1964 Winter Games. And four years later, at the age of 40, at the 1968 Games in Grenoble, Monti finally fulfilled his dream of being an Olympic champion.(1964年冬季奥运会后，蒙蒂被授予顾拜旦体育精神奖章。四年后，在1968年格勒诺布尔奥运会上，40岁的蒙蒂终于实现了他成为奥运冠军的梦想。)”可知，尤金尼奥·蒙蒂虽然因为2次帮助雪橇出故障的对手而错失奥运金牌，但是展现了体育精神，是真正的雪橇冠军。故“Eugenio Monti -真正的雪橇冠军”适合做标题。故选C。
45．A 46．B 47．D 48．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
45．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.(在绝望中，我想到了“软件工程”这个术语。)”可知，作者创造了“软件工程”这个术语。故选A。
46．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.(她选择了一个应该在发射前运行的程序。电脑空间太小了，把她去月球的导航数据都抹去了。)”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据第五段的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done(一名宇航员意外地做了劳伦做过的事)”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知“The Lauren bug”指的是“造成数据丢失的错误”，故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.(正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。)”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故选D。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.(我建议对程序进行更改，以防止在飞行过程中选择发射前程序。)”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.(正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。)”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故选C。
49．C 50．D 51．B 52．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. (当海水变得异常温暖时，藻类就会漂走，让珊瑚礁变成一片幽灵般的白色)”可知，当海水变暖之后，珊瑚会变成白色，故选C项。
50．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing. (政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并投入更多的精力来执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，政府应该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。故选D项
51．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. (澳大利亚大堡礁的面积大致相当于意大利，但它曾5次死亡并复活)”可知，澳大利亚大堡礁曾经历过5次死亡并复活，并不是说所有的珊瑚礁，选项A错误；根据第三段中“Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. (珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一，却支撑着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性)”可知，珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用，选项B与文意相符；倒数第三段中“Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing. (它们的生态系统遭受农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的威胁。各国政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，珊瑚礁受到农业、工业和过度捕捞的影响，选项C错误；最后一段中“Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions.(珊瑚的生物多样性带来了希望，因为相同的珊瑚在不同的条件下会有不同的生长)”说明珊瑚礁的生长会受到条件的影响，选项D错误。故选B。
52．推理判断题。通读文章，根据第一段最后一句“But now, due to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.(但现在，由于人类的活动，珊瑚面临着迄今为止最复杂的环境条件)”引出本文的话题，文章接着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。由此推知，文章的主要目的是想提高人们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。故选A项。
53．A 54．C 55．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官Sarah Loh遭遇的不公平对待为例，就该如何消除对女性的性别歧视，尊重她们，提了一些已经实施的和可以实施的措施。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段“As I read about Sarah Loh’s journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧) she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get there. (上周，当我读到Sarah Loh成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官的历程时，我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感到备受鼓舞，但同时也对她在这里所面临的不公平待遇感到失望)”可知，Sarah Loh遭受了不公平的对待。故选A项。
54．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Recognizing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awareness-raising programs such as Carlton Respects. (认识到自己的形象和影响力，这些组织已采取积极措施，解决暴力和不平等的驱动因素，包括通过教育和提高认识项目，如Carlton Respects)”可知，为了解决性别不平等的问题和暴力问题，这些机构通过一些教育和提高认识项目提升公众对妇女暴力这一问题的意识。故选C项。
55．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Surely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for. (当然，对所有人的尊重，平等和安全要求并不过分)”可推知，本文以女性领袖Sarah Loh遭受的不公平的对待为例，旨在呼吁关注包含女性在内的所有人的尊重，平等和安全。故选B项。
56．A 57．D 58．A

【导语】本文为应用文。作者通过介绍Love Zone组织和它提供的几个志愿者活动项目，号召更多的年轻人去做志愿者。
56．细节理解题。由Meals on Wheels中的“For those teens who just got their licenses, here’s a volunteer opportunity that will make driving worthwhile. 200 million meals have been delivered so far. (对于那些刚刚拿到驾照的青少年来说，这里有一个志愿者的机会，这将使驾驶变得值得。到目前为止，已经提供了2亿份餐食)”和“Meals on Wheels is on a mission to meet the nutritional and social needs of the elderly. (Meals on Wheels旨在满足老年人的营养和社会需求)”可知，有驾照的青少年可以加入志愿者Meals on Wheels给老人送饭。故选A项。
57．细节理解题。由Best Buddies中的“Volunteer with Best Buddies to help people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and you can make them connected with other people. (与Best Buddies一起做志愿者，帮助有智力和发育障碍的人，你可以让他们与其他人取得联系)”可知，为了帮助有发育障碍的人，你可以加入Best Buddies。故选D项。
58．推理判断题。通读全文，作者介绍了Love Zone组织和它的志愿者活动，最后一段中的“Even if you can’t volunteer physically, there are also tons of online volunteer opportunities available! If you want to find out more about joining a worthwhile volunteer organization, please click at www.Love Zone.org. (即使你不能亲自做志愿者，也有很多在线志愿者的机会！如果你想了解更多关于加入一个有价值的志愿者组织的信息，请点击www.LoveZone.org)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了号召更多的人去做志愿者。故选A项。
59．D 60．A 61．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发现学习第二语言与年龄之间的关系，18岁时语言学习能力下降，如果想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始学习。
59．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The older you get, the more difficult it is to learn a new language. But no one knows exactly what the cutoff point is—at what age it becomes harder.(你的年龄越大，学习一门新语言就越困难。但没有人确切地知道截止点是什么，在什么年龄会变得更难)”可知，这是人们面临的问题，所以研究人员想要解决的问题是在什么时期人们可以学好一门新的语言。故选D项。
60．细节理解题。根据第四段“At 18, kids typically graduate from high school and start college or enter the work force full-time. Once they do, they may no longer have the time, opportunity to study a second language.(18岁时，孩子们通常从高中毕业，开始上大学或全职工作。一旦他们开始上大学或者工作，他们可能就没有时间和机会学习第二语言了)”可知，人们在18岁时会开始上大学或者开始工作，所以没有了学习第二语言的时间和机会，即他们没有了学习第二语言的好的学习环境。故选A项。
61．推理判断题。根据第一段“In one of the largest studies, researchers from Boston-based universities found that children are good at learning a second language up until the age of 18, about 10 years later than earlier thought. But the study also showed that it is best to start by age 10 if you want to achieve the grammatical fluency of a native speaker.(在规模最大的研究之一中，波士顿大学的研究人员发现，孩子们在18岁之前都很擅长学习第二语言，这比之前想象的要晚10年左右。但研究还表明，如果你想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员发现学习第二语言与年龄之间的关系，18岁时语言学习能力下降，如果想达到母语者的语法流利程度，最好从10岁开始学习，所以作者写本篇文章是为了解释这一发现。故选A项。
62．D 63．B 64．D 65．A 66．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德国人Wu Ming在中国学习中医并打算学成之后开设中医馆的故事。
62．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“As he thought some diseases can’t be treated thoroughly with Western medicine, he decided to dig into TCM. (由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治疗，他决定钻研中医)”和最后一句“He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture deeply by learning TCM. (他希望通过学习中医来解决问题，深入了解中国文化)”可知，Wu Ming学习中医的目的是为了更好治疗疾病和了解中国文化。故选D。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段“To overcome difficulties in communicating, he also learned and practiced Chinese, especially the Henan dialect (方言), as his teachers, schoolmates, and even some patients speak in Henan dialect in their daily conversations. (为了克服沟通困难，他还学习和练习了汉语，尤其是河南方言，就像他的老师、同学，甚至一些病人在日常对话中用河南话一样)”可知，Wu Ming为了克服沟通障碍，努力学习和练习汉语，尤其是河南话。故选B。
64．推理判断题。根据第四段“But now, according to the Yin-Yang principle in TCM, he lives a balanced and peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and reading ancient books. (但现在，根据中医阴阳原理，他过着平衡且平静的生活，养成了喝茶和阅读古籍等良好习惯)”可推知，在学习完中医之后，Wu Ming现在过着平静且平衡的生活，并养成了喝茶和阅读古籍的习惯。故选D。
65．细节理解题。根据最后一段Wu Ming所说的话“We are the same. Misunderstanding comes from being out of touch. (我们是一样的。误解来自于失去联系)”可知，Wu Ming认为误解是因为缺乏联系和交流。故选A。
66．推理判断题。根据第一段“He has been learning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) since 2016, almost seven years. Now he is studying for his master’s degree at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.( 他从2016年开始学习中医，将近七年。现在他正在河南中医药大学攻读硕士学位)”及最后一段“He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after graduation, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and attract public attention to TCM and its culture.(他计划毕业后在中国或德国开办一家中医诊所，这将成为两国之间的桥梁，吸引公众对中医药及其文化的关注)”可知，Wu Ming特别喜欢中医，他已经学习中医七年了，并且今后打算开一个中医诊所，吸引公众对中医药及其文化的关注。由此推知，Wu Min是一个“充满激情的”人。故选C。
67．A 68．B 69．D 70．C 71．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教育部把书法列为一级学科并引发争议。
67．细节理解题。根据第二段“The starting point of the decision of the ministry is, of course, to promote the development of calligraphy art. (教育部决定的出发点当然是促进书法艺术的发展。)”可知，教育部把书法列为一级学科是为了帮助它走得更远。故选A。
68．细节理解题。根据第五段“Their calligraphy achievements are not the result of specialized study of calligraphy, but the crystallization (结晶) of integrated quality, knowledge and skills. (他们的书法成就不是专门学习书法的结果，而是综合素质、知识和技能的结晶。)”可知，书法混合了各种知识。故选B。
69．细节理解题。根据第六段“Not to mention the fact that the job market for calligraphy learners is quite small. (更不用说书法学习者的就业市场相当小。)”可知，书法学生的工作有限。故选D。
70．词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“so that the reform can be beneficial to the development of the art form without being led to the wrong way, there are still many details and plans for them to consider before the courses are put into practice. (使改革有利于艺术形式的发展，而不被引导到错误的方向，在课程实施之前，还有许多细节和计划需要考虑。)”可知，在实践中，高校应谨慎设计新一级学科的课程，所以prudently为“谨慎地”之意。故选C。
71．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They should focus on improving the quality of the calligraphy education and research instead of simply enlarging scale (规模). (应注重提高书法教育和研究的质量，而不是简单地扩大规模。)”可推断，大学需要进行更有价值的书法研究。故选D。