湖北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份湖北高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共44页。
阅读理解
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention (干预) there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55: some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took pant in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking one shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks (小组) — one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability (概率) of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience (适应力) “Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome. and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions,” she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
1．According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making?
A．Feeling uncomfortable with the surroundings.
B．Feeling unsatisfactory with what will happen
C．Feeling unsure of what is going to happen.
D．Feeling unsuitable for themselves to make a decision.
2．What is the purpose of the unstable block?
A．To help those with anxiety make right decisions.
B．To train participants to respond to changes.
C．To make the video game more challenging.
D．To create a fast-changing situation.
3．Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes?
A．To recall the past achievements. B．To improve decision-making ability.
C．To adapt quickly to a new situation. D．To avoid making tricky decisions.
4．What advice can be given according to the study?
A．Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B．Don’t forget the past failures when making decisions.
C．Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D．Try to reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.

Back in 1958, I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746. The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me.
Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet—enormous by the toy train standards of the day. Even better, the 746 had a working headlight and smoker, and its tender sang high.
Unfortunately, the amazing 746 also had an amazing price—$50, equal to about $450 today. That was far more than my grandfather could afford. Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! But that was the best that my grandfather could give me at that time.
Years passed, and I was in my 30s. Complicated sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains. I never gave a look. My interest in toy trains, I firmly believed, had faded, nor did my admiration for the 746, since my grandfather was not with me. The 746 was never called to mind. On an ordinary day, however, I happened to see the 746 outside the window of a train show. Just one look, I could not look away. Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind, happy or sad.
That day I took the 746 home and placed it in the centre of the room, and let my childhood dream sing its way around me. Smoke rose out from the engine and the soft song sounded from its tender. It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.
5．Which best describes the 746 in the author’s eyes?
A．It was taller than the author. B．Its price rose from $50 to $450.
C．It was the largest train in 1958. D．Its beauty was beyond compare.
6．How did the author feel when receiving his little Lionel plastic?
A．Visibly relieved. B．Really excited.
C．Terribly shameful. D．Slightly unsatisfied.
7．What happened to the author in his 30s?
A．He left his grandfather alone. B．He didn’t favor the 746 at all.
C．He attempted not to recall the past. D．He admired advanced toy trains.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Toy Trains: Childhood in History B．The 746: Childhood Memories of Love
C．Toy Trains: Memories of A Generation D．The 746: A Perfect Gift from My Grandfather

GET A BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE WORLD’S MOST ATTRACTIVE FEATHERED ANIMALS WITH THESE BOOKS
Flamingo (火烈鸟)
Biologist and photographer Claudio Contreras Koob spent 20 years travelling deep into the wet lands and forests of his native Mexico—and beyond—to feed his flamingo attraction. This book offers a unique window into the behavior and life of red-feathered birds, with more than 120 show-stopping shots displaying their beauty. teNeues, £35.
Around the World in 80 Birds
Inspiring secrets, national pride or scientific discoveries, every bird has a story to tell, from the weaver bird building multi-nest “apartment blocks” in Namibia to the bar-headed goose taking on a twice-yearly trans-Himalayan journey at an extreme altitude. Mike Unwin’s tour is accompanied by beautiful illustrations from Ryuto Miyake. Laurence King Publishing, £22.
A World on the Wing
Pulitzer-shortlisted Weidensaul, who’s at the forefront of research into bird migration, here tracks some of nature’s most remarkable journeys. He sails through the stormy Bering Sea, encounters trappers in the Mediterranean and visits former headhunters in northeast India, where a bird migration crisis has become a conservation success story. Pan Macmillan, £9.99.
Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds
Explore this updated version of the 1968 title, Galapagos: Islands of Birds, by late bird expert Bryan Nelson, with previously unpublished material from his wife, June. The couple spent a year living on two Galapagos islands, studying birds, including the Galapagos albatross (信天翁). This is their clever and amusing account. Bradt Guides, £11.99.
9．By whom is the second costliest book illustrated?
A．Claudio Contreras Koob. B．Mike Unwin.
C．Ryuto Miyake. D．Weidensaul.
10．Which book best suits those concerned about the survival of migratory birds?
A．Flamingo. B．Around the World in 80 Birds.
C．A World on the Wing. D．Galapagos: Island of Birds.
11．What feature may Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds have?
A．Its humorous description. B．Its romantic style.
C．Its vivid imagination. D．Its moving plot.

Quantum theory (量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet, a century after its birth, something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory. It does not tell us how physical systems behave. Instead, it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later. What happens in between? The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory. Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties” are: the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup’s surface. Its being “a teacup" refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn’t know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then, it comes with a lesson. We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole.
12．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text?
A．How physical systems behave. B．How to treat physical systems.
C．What effects one has on itself. D．What the structure of reality is.
13．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”?
A．By giving an example. B．By making a comparison.
C．By quoting a scientist. D．By conducting a survey.
14．What does “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The consequence we bear. B．The theory in classic games.
C．The fortunes individuals have. D．The way to measure success.
15．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To clarify a physics theory. B．To draw attention to interaction.
C．To challenge a popular idea. D．To present reflections on games.

In 1879, an 8-year-old girl made a discovery that would rock our understanding of human history. On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain, she spotted amazing drawings of wild cows, painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age: they were made thousands of years ago by modern humans’ supposedly primitive ancestors. Today, nearly 400 caves across Europe have been found decorated with hand stencils (模板), strange symbols and beautiful images of animals created by these skillful artists.
The discoveries led to the view that artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40,000 years ago, as part of a “cultural explosion” reflecting a flowering of the human mind. But more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water. For a start, modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe. What’s more, a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity.
Local people have long known that the caves of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, contain many painted images. Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65,000 years ago, but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures. A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert, now at Griffith University in Australia, upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art. Using this technique in seven caves, they found a hand stencil was at least 39,900 years old, making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time.
This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia. These included a hunting scene created at least 43,900 years ago, and by far the oldest descriptive artwork. “When we found that image, we were absolutely delighted, but when it turned out to be that old, we were almost jumping with joy,” says Adam Brumm, also at Griffith University.
16．What did the girl find in the cave?
A．Wild animals. B．Ancient images.
C．Painting techniques. D．Recording artists.
17．What was a misunderstanding removed by recent evidence about the cave art?
A．It can be traced back to Europe.
B．It reflected the flowering of human minds.
C．Modern humans led to its rise in Indonesia.
D．Modern humans might not have been real artists.
18．What does the underlined word “upended” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Proved. B．Strengthened. C．Overturned. D．Overemphasized.
19．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The amazing discoveries. B．The researchers’ expectations.
C．The benefits of the technique. D．The description of the cave art.

Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate from the bottom of your heart, for he was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When asked how he was able to do so, he would reply, “If I were any better, I would be twins!”
There was no doubt that Jerry was unique because he had several followers who were greatly touched by his attitude. Being a natural motivator, Jerry was there telling the employees how to look on the positive side of the situation whenever he or she was having a bad day.
Curious about his style, I went up to Jerry and asked him, “I can’t believe it! You can’t be a positive person all the time. How do you do it?” Jerry replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself, ‘Jerry, you have two choices today. You choose to be in a good mood or in a bad mood.’ I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. I choose the positive side of life.”
“Yeah, right, but it’s not that easy,” I said. “Yes, it is,” Jerry answered. “Life is all about choices. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good mood or a bad one. The bottom line: It’s your choice how you live a life.”
I thought about what Jerry said. Soon after that, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought of him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it.
Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business: he left the back door open one morning and was held up by three armed robbers, who then shot him. Luckily, Jerry was found quickly and rushed to the local hospital. After 18 hours of operation and weeks of medical care, Jerry was released from the hospital with fragments of the bullets (子弹) still in his body.
I met Jerry about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, “If I were any better, I’d be twins. Want to see my scars?” I refused to see his scars, but did ask him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. “The first thing that went through my mind was that I should have locked the back door, but I didn’t,” Jerry replied. “Then, as I lay on the floor. I remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live, or I could choose to die. I chose to live.”
“Weren’t you scared?” I asked.
Jerry continued, “When I was wheeled into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors and nurses. I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action.”
“What did you do?” I asked. “Well, there was a big nurse shouting questions at me,” said Jerry. “She asked if I was allergic to anything. ‘Yes,’ I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply. I took a deep breath and shouted, ‘Bullets!’ Over their laughter I told them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’”
Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his experienced doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I have learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.
20．How did Jerry’s positive thinking style affect the writer in the end?
A．He followed his example. B．He forgot about his example.
C．He was jealous of his example. D．He refused to accept his example.
21．How did the robbers most probably enter the restaurant?
A．Through the balcony. B．Through the window.
C．Through the front door. D．Through the back door.
22．What can we infer from the last but one paragraph about Jerry in terms of the operation?
A．He was scared and nervous. B．He was outstanding and ambitious.
C．He was humorous and optimistic. D．He was unique and unselfish.
23．Which of the following is conveyed in this article?
A．Jerry’s survival is a miracle. B．Attitude is everything.
C．Unique people may achieve success. D．Choices mean success.

Parents naturally comfort their children when they are scared, but new research shows that some reactions may actually increase their children’s feelings of anxiety. A new Arizona State University study shows that parents whose children suffer from anxiety often fall into the “protection trap” that may influence their child’s behavior. Researchers analyzed self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews that were completed by 70 children aged 6 to 16 who were being treated for anxiety at a university-based program.
The “protection trap” identified through the study involves parents who allow their kids to avoid situations that are scary or uncomfortable. Excuses may be made in order to avoid scary things or situations, which can increase anxiety. The more a child avoids a situation that may be scary, the scarier it becomes because they don’t have a chance to develop the skills or strategies to deal with the situation properly. Sometimes parents may tell the child what to do, how to behave and what to say during those situations. Or, they might do things on behalf of their child. Children don’t overcome the situation and they keep feeling anxious.
Researchers suggest parents monitor how their own reaction to their child’s anxiety affects their kids. thinking about the best way to respond and giving their children positive attention when they do something brave or face their fears in scary situations. “Even anxious children naturally face fears and situations that are frightening to them. Parents can look out for this type of bravery, no matter how small, and reward their child. Attention is often the most powerful type of reward so doing easy things like giving a high five, a smile, or a simple ‘I like how you faced your fears!’ can go a long way,” Holly, one of the researchers, said.
24．What does the new research mainly show?
A．Parents’ comfort may do no harm to children’s mental health.
B．Children’s behavior may reflect parents’ influence on children.
C．Parents’ protection may strengthen children’s feeling of anxiety.
D．Children’s anxiety may be connected to parents’ negative reaction.
25．What do we know about parents from the second paragraph?
A．They involve anxious children in scary situations.
B．They do frightening things instead of anxious children.
C．They say no to the excuses made up by anxious children.
D．They give anxious children chances to overcome anxiety.
26．What do researchers advise parents to do?
A．Ignore their own behavior. B．Give children enough advice.
C．Reward children with money. D．Recognize children’s progress.
27．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Causes for children’s increasing anxiety and its long-term effects.
B．Researches into the children of anxious parents and major conclusions.
C．Approaches to protecting children from anxiety and their relative advantages.
D．Problems with parents’ reactions to anxious children and related suggestions.

If we’re already working alone at home, why do we always think of working with our heads similarly down in a public setting?
Of course, Covid-19 has made impossible the stay in a cafe for long, and meanwhile made remote work normal part of life. As we begin another year living with a pandemic (流行病), we might wonder why, when things settle down, we should bother going back out to work in public, only to work independently with our heads down — something we’re already doing at home now.
But putting on your noise-lessening headphones to work at your desk is actually different from doing the same surrounded by other people buzzing over your shoulder. There are many ways coffee shops awake our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t.
A 2012 study published in the Journal of Consumer Research showed that background noise in a place like a cafeteria can actually increase your creative output. The idea is that if your attention is slightly taken away from the task at hand by stimuli (刺激), it improves your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative ideas.
Another study from 2019, which had similar findings, centers around what’s called “stochastic resonance”: originally observed in animals, it’s the phenomenon in which just the right amount of noise benefits our senses. And while the amount varies, audio stimuli in the background also help us improve decision making. So, the jazz, light conversation and banging coffee grounds aren’t an annoyance — they could help you come up with your next grand work.
There’s also the fact that in a cafe, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing as us, which acts as something encouraging. A 2016 study backed up this idea noting “simply performing a task next to a person who made a lot of effort in a task will make you do the same”.
28．According to paragraph 2, what might be people’s attitude towards working in a cafe?
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
29．What does the underlined phrase “buzzing over your shoulder” mean?
A．Clapping you on the shoulder. B．Talking to you continuously.
C．Making noises around you. D．Working on the same task.
30．Why can the background noise in a cafe contribute to your creative thoughts?
A．It promotes your abstract thinking.
B．It keeps your attention from wandering away.
C．It is beneficial to our senses.
D．It encourages us to learn from hardworking people.
31．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Working in cafes — a choice by the majority B．Working in cafes — a reflection of creativity
C．Working in cafes — a tendency in pandemics D．Working in cafes — a source of creativity

Every so often, a Chinese fashion symbol unknowingly turned the fashion landscape upside down. This time, we unearth the imperial tomb of China’s Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧) (1835-1908) and find her great passion for luxurious nails.
Ancient Chinese nobles started growing long nails during the Warring States Period to show that they weren’t manual laborers (体力劳动者), but it wasn’t until the Ming Dynasty that long nails and nail guards became an important symbol of material prosperity. And the trend reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, with Cixi as its poster woman. Cixi nurtured a nail length of roughly 20 cm on her ring and pinky fingers (小拇指) and took care of them in gem-laden (镶满宝石), colorful nail guards. During the day, Cixi usually wore nail guards made of gold or silver. According to the memoirs of her maid, before bed, she would switch them into nail pockets made of bright yellow satin (缎子), probably in a motherly manner similar to covering her nail babies into their sleeping bags.
The origins of nail guards began in the Han Dynasty more than 1000 years prior to their mainstream glory. At that time, they weren’t particularly decorative. It wasn’t until the Qing Dynasty that they became as expensive and delicate as people today know them to have been. Common design patterns included plants, flowers, and calligraphy art. Cixi, on the other hand, had unique rights to dragon and phoenix (凤凰) carvings on her nail guards. Needless to say, she didn’t skimp on exercising these rights.
Long nails may no longer be front and center on the fashion stage today. Yet the period drama series like Empresses in the Palace 《甄嬛传》 (2012), Ruyi’ Royal Love in the Palace (2018), and Story of Yanxi Palace (2018) brought in the popularity of the Morandi color palette (莫兰迪调色盘) in China’s nail art circle. Inspired by Italian painter Giorgio Morandi, the manicure (美甲) industry today also adopts a more softened color scheme that gives off a feeling of balance and elegance.
32．What does the writer mainly tell us?
A．The history of long nails and nail guards.
B．The legend of China’s Empress Dowager Cixi.
C．Long nails plays an important role in period drama series.
D．Women in ancient times should wear long nails and nail guards.
33．Which of the following is wrong?
A．Cixi took off nail guards when she went to bed.
B．Nail guards can show the status on the royal ladder in the Han Dynasty.
C．Ming and Qing Dynasties had lower degree of acceptance of long nails.
D．Cixi had unique rights to dragon and phoenix carvings on her nail guards.
34．What do underlined words “skimp on” mean in the third paragraph?
A．subscribe to B．attempt to C．be mean with D．approve of
35．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Fashion nail art will disappear on the fashion stage.
B．The period drama series are very popular today because of the long nails.
C．Italian painter Giorgio Morandi makes period drama popular.
D．There is still a market for nail art on the fashion stage.

Amsterdam Destination Guide
Amsterdam is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, famous for its beautiful canals, top art museums, cycling culture and so on. It is the capital and most Populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the “Venice of the North” because of its expansive system of bridges and canals. Here are some of the key points to remember as you plan your trip to Amsterdam.
Boom Season
Population
Language
currency
January Climate
July Climate
May to October
1. 103. 500
Dutch
Euro
Average high 5. 8℃
Average high: 22. 0℃
Must-See Attractions Most visitors begin their Amsterdam adventure in the Old Centre, which is full of traditional architecture, shopping centers, and coffee shops. You’ll also want to check out Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter in the South District. which is great for shopping at the Albert Cuyp Market and having a picnic in the Vondelpark. The top museums to visit there are the Rijksmusuem, the Ann Frank House, and the Van Gogh Museum.
If You Have Time
There are several other unique districts in Amsterdam, and you should try to explore as many of them as time allows. The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy homeowners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today. The Plantage area has most of the city’s museums, including the Jewish Historical Museum. the Scheepvaart Museum, and the botanical gardens.
Money Saving Tips
Unless you really want to see the tulips(郁金香)blooming. don’t book hotels or flights between mid-March and mid-May. This is when hotel and flight prices rise.
●Look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District, where rates are generally cheaper than in the city center.
●Buy train tickets at the machine instead of the counter to save a bit of money.
●Instead of hiring a tour guide’ hop on a canal boat. They’re inexpensive and will give you a unique point of view of the city.
Check out our homepage to view price comparisons for flights, hotels, and rental cars before you book them.
36．Which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A．The Old Centre. B．The Van Gogh Museum.
C．The Canal Ring. D．The Scheepvaart Museum.
37．How can you save money to travel in Amsterdam?
A．Arrange a guided canal tour and look for accommodations in Amsterdam’s South District.
B．Avoid booking flights between mid-March and mid-May.
C．Reserve a hotel in the Canal Ring and the Plantage area.
D．Buy train tickets at the counter instead of the machine.
38．What can be learned about Amsterdam from this text?
A．The boom season is May and October.
B．The botanical gardens are located in its South District.
C．People there speak Dutch and use Euro and US dollar.
D．It has well-connected system of bridges and canals.

Worried about your tuition? Take a look at some of the big names offering tuition assistance.
McDonald’s
Hourly employees can receive up to $2,500 in tuition assistance, and salaried workers can take up to $3,000. Both on-campus and online degree programs at schools are eligible (有资格的). You only have to be an employee for 90 days to benefit from this educational program.
Chipotle
Chipotle allows employees to use up to $5,250 in tuition assistance, regardless of part-or full-time employment status. They can use these funds at two-year, four-year or vocational/ technical schools. Additionally, Chipotle is offering to pay full tuition for students studying business or technology at some colleges.
Walmart
Under its tuition assistance plan, full time employees only have to pay $1 a day towards their college tuition, and Walmart will cover the rest. This policy does not apply to part-time employees.
Publix
For college and university enrollment (注册), employees can take up to $3,200 per calendar year and a lifetime limit of $12,800. For other types of study, employees can receive up to $1,700 per calendar year and $3,400 over a lifetime.
Home Depot
Employees are eligible on day one of employment for a variety of tuition assistance benefits. Salaried employees can receive up to $5,000, full-time hourly employees $3,000 and par-time hourly up to $1,500 per calendar year.
UPS
On the day employees are hired, UPS will provide up to $5,250 per calendar year and up to a lifetime maximum of $25,000.
39．Which company has no limit on employment status?
A．McDonald’s. B．Chipotle. C．Walmart. D．Publix.
40．What can we know about Home Depot’s tuition assistance plan?
A．Only on-campus degree programs are qualified for it.
B．Employees need to pay $1 a day towards their tuition.
C．Employees paid by the hour will gain less benefit.
D．Employees should work for at least 3 months.
41．How much will UPS pay at most for tuition assistance?
A．$2,500. B．$3,000. C．$5,250. D．$25,000.

Della Steward got the standard well-wishes on her blog on her 53rd birthday, but she got some unusual messages too. One was about the Smith family who had just lost their four-year-old son to cancer. His older brother was in deep sorrow. Could Della help?
That message and the 30 or so others like it were exactly what Della was looking for. To celebrate her 53rd, the long-time social service professional had put out a call on her blog. She wanted to commit 53 random acts of kindness by the end of her birth month, and she needed information on people who could use one. When she got the note about the Smith family, she sent a wind chime (风铃) with the message “Listen to the wind and know that I am near written on it.” It now hangs in the four-year-old’s bedroom, where his older brother can go to listen to it whenever he wants.
This is not the first time that Della has decided to give gifts for her birthday. For her 47th, in 2016, she founded Love in Action, an organization committed to doing something good near her home and beyond. Its aim is simple: Do Your Best, Show Your Love!
Over the years, the organization has reached out and touched well over 100strangers, some found via Della’s blog, others with help from her grandkids. The organization also shares inexpensive and creative gift ideas for others to help people in need.
Della pays for everything herself: gift cards, pay-it-forward purchases at drive-throughs, and care packages, as well as the gas it takes to play fairy. Her family often gives her some extra birthday cash with a serious warning against spending it on anyone else, which she naturally ignores. “I got a couple of gift cards for my birthday this year and YESSS!” It’s Della’s party, and she’ll give if she wants to.
42．What were the unusual messages Della got on her 53rd birthday?
A．Help requests. B．Gift ideas.
C．Donation offers. D．Birthday wishes.
43．What can we learn about Della from her gift to the Smith family?
A．She is caring and brave.
B．She is loving and helpful.
C．She is patient and romantic.
D．She is creative and determined.
44．Which of the following best describes Love in Action?
A．It involves people in acts of kindness.
B．It holds the belief that kindness pays off.
C．It offers aid within Della’s neighborhood.
D．It mainly aims to educate kids to help out.
45．Why does Della’s family give her warnings?
A．She thinks little of her family’s concern.
B．She treats strangers better than her family.
C．She is financially dependent on her family.
D．She is too ready to give away her birthday gifts.

Boredom is a common human experience. It’s almost impossible to fully avoid it, especially when you’re living a fast-paced life. You may be bored from time to time and feel like you need something new or exciting in your life. It’s perfectly natural to feel this way from time to time, but feeling bored often can also mean that your present life isn’t satisfying you as much as it could.
When you feel bored, think about what activities bring you joy and happiness. Perhaps you find that hobbies are what help improve your spirits when life feels standstill. After all, having interests and pursuing (追求) them often can have a great effect on the quality of your life and how satisfied you feel. If this sounds like something that would benefit your life, we have some great ideas for hobbies to pursue when you’re bored!
One of the easiest and most effective ways to relieve (缓解) boredom is to take exercise. Exercise is not only good for your body but also your mind. When your body is moving, it releases (释放) certain chemicals that make you feel good. Learning a new language is another way to challenge yourself and become more creative. It can also open up a whole new culture and way of thinking for you! Many people find that learning a new language gives them a sense of achievement that they don’t get from other hobbies.
Furthermore, reading is a hobby that can be enjoyed by almost anyone. It’s inexpensive, easy to fit into your plan and can be done just about anywhere. It doesn’t require special equipment or supplies, and you can do it alone or with others. The last way to avoid feeling bored inside is to spend time outdoors. Find a place to go where you can get away from the noise and other troubles. You may find that being outside offers a sense of peace and calmness.
Boredom is a common part of life, so we shouldn’t try to avoid it completely. Boredom can be a sign that you need a change in your daily life and something new to try. If you find yourself feeling bored, use these ideas to find new hobbies. After all, hobbies can greatly enrich your life and help you feel more satisfied!
46．When will we get bored according to the text?
A．When our present life doesn’t make us satisfied.
B．When we live a peaceful and happy life.
C．When we don’t have a fast-paced life.
D．When our life is exciting.
47．What can we learn from the text?
A．Most people feel satisfied with life all the time.
B．Reading a book requires special equipment and supplies.
C．Taking exercise is an effective way to keep off boredom.
D．All of us should try our best to avoid boredom completely.
48．How many ways to relieve boredom are mentioned in the text?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
49．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Boredom is possible to avoid
B．Several activities can help relieve boredom
C．Learning a new language makes us more creative
D．Our body can release chemicals when we are moving

Everyone dreams of pleasure, but few know how to obtain it and at what cost. Surprisingly, some of the most useful tips come not from modern psychology but from a 2,000-year-old Greek philosopher, Epicurus.
Yes, he dreamed of a life of pleasure but not as we typically think of the word. For Epicurus, pleasure consisted not of a presence of anything but an absence—a complete lack of anxiety. “It is better for you to lie upon a bed of straw and be free of fear, than to have a huge palace yet be troubled in mind,” he said.
We now live in a golden age of pleasure. So many options lie just a click away: delicious food, better smartphones and nicer cars…
“Such things are traps,” Epicurus would say. “Beyond a certain point, pleasure cannot be increased—just as a bright sky cannot get any brighter—but only varied. The new smartphones or cars represent pleasure varied, not increased. That is why the new car that thrilled you on the test drive bores you after a month on the road. Yet our entire consumer culture is based on the assumption that pleasure varied equals pleasure increased. It leads to needless unhappiness.”
Epicurus also thought a lot about a question we have ignored very often: How much is enough? “Live a natural life and welcome whatever goodness comes its way. Don’t grow dependent on unnatural pleasures since each of them comes with hidden costs-not only monetary but also psychological,” Epicurus would say. “Don’t live beyond your natural needs. Nature has made the necessary desires easy to satisfy and the unnecessary ones difficult. Bananas grow on trees. Expensive cars don’t. Natural desire will guide us toward the highest pleasures and away from the unnecessary ones.”
Friendship, Epicurus thought, is life’s greatest pleasure, especially during mealtimes. “To eat and drink alone is to devour like the lion and the wolf,” he said. “The meal does not have to be good. With the right mindset, and in the right company, even a simple pot of cheese will turn out to be a feast.”
50．What did Epicurus consider important for a happy life?
A．A lot of money. B．Ambition for a palace.
C．Equal opportunities D．Freedom from anxiety.
51．What are paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Types of consumer goods. B．Rich choices in our age.
C．Traps of consumer culture. D．Convenience in modern life.
52．What do the bananas stand for in Epicurus’ argument?
A．The unnatural pleasure. B．The natural need.
C．The unnecessary desire. D．The highest happiness.
53．What can be inferred about Epicurus?
A．He enjoyed exchanging ideas with his friends.
B．His followers would like unaffordable foods.
C．He avoided having dinner with other people.
D．His lifestyle was very popular in ancient Greece.

There’s a researcher in Denmark who has spent 25 years surveying insect populations by driving his old Ford Anglia down the same country roads and counting the number of small insects squashed (挤压) up against the glass window of his car. Back when he started, he’d regularly have to clean dead insects off his car. But in recent years, he has experienced a lot of “zero-insect days”. He recalls the joy of catching fireflies on his family farm in Texas as a child. With more streetlights and the switch to LED lights, it’s becoming harder for fireflies to spot potential mates.
Imagine a world without insects! We might breathe a sigh of relief at the thought of mosquito-free summers. However, a world with no insects is unlikely. Insects are being shifted to an unhappy state where there will be far more bedbugs (床虱) and mosquitoes and far fewer bees and monarch butterflies.
Those changes in biodiversity come with some results. Farmers may have to fight off more of the harmful insects that attack crops, for instance, and insect-pollinated fruits and vegetables will become hard to grow on a large scale. Some insect-eating animals will decline with a lack of food, which has already happened to some birds. Water and soil quality could also be in danger.
After knowing some facts, we may find that our attitude towards some insects has shifted from loathing (憎恶) to love, or at the very least, appreciation. We can know how much we benefit from insects, and what we stand to lose without them.
As researcher Martin puts it, “Our reliance on insects is like the Internet: When parts of the network are removed, the less Internet there is, until eventually it doesn’t work anymore.” A world without the Internet would be difficult but livable. The same can’t be said for a world without insects.
54．What has the Danish researcher found in recent years?
A．Few people pay special attention to fireflies.
B．Insects are having a survival crisis.
C．Country roads are perfect for firefly catching.
D．Many insects can avoid moving cars.
55．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The damage insects do to crops. B．The reduction of insect-eating animals.
C．Ways to deal with biodiversity. D．Consequences of changes in insect varieties.
56．What can be inferred from Martin’s comment?
A．Insects are as important as the Internet.
B．Insects are appreciated by human beings.
C．Humans can’t help but live with the Internet.
D．Humans are heavily dependent on insects.
57．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To explain the importance of insects. B．To recall a childhood experience.
C．To present people’s attitude to insects. D．To express appreciation to insects.

Universal Beijing Resort
Universal Beijing Resort is a theme park destination with several all-new attractions along with the best Universal rides, shows and attractions from around the world.
The Wizarding World of Harry PotterTM
From magical spells to magical creatures, from bad guys to daring heroes, it’s all here at The Wizarding World of Harry PotterTM.
Jurassic World Isla Nublar
Board on an adventure 65 million years in the making: Jurassic World Isla Nublar. It is open and realizes John Hammond’s dream of a world-class destination of prehistoric wonders and breathtaking scenic beauty.
Kung Fu Panda Land of Awesomeness
Here you can meet your favorite characters from Kung Fu Panda and may even pick up some fighting techniques.
Hollywood
Take an exciting walk through the charm of the Hollywood! Day or night, the thrill of Tinseltown is all around, and where the true excitement of Universal Studios Beijing’s Hollywood comes alive.
Safe and orderly entry
According to the latest pandemic control and prevention requirement, starting from Dec. 7, all guests no longer need to provide NAT(核酸检测)results when entering Universal Beijing Resort. We will strictly limit the number of visitors and require reservation for admission. All guests are required to provide Beijing Health Code, check ID card and carry out temperature detection before entering.
Operation hour: Monday-Friday: 10: 00-19: 00
Saturday-Sunday: 9: 00-20: 00
58．Which of the following will attract a visitor interested in the prehistoric period?
A．Hollywood. B．Jurassic World Isla Nublar.
C．The Wizarding World of Harry PotterTM. D．Kung Fu Panda Land of Awesomeness.
59．What are visitors required to do when entering Universal Beijing Resort?
A．Provide NAT results. B．Register for ID card.
C．Check their temperature. D．Buy health insurance.
60．When can visitors enter Universal Beijing Resort?
A．Sunday 10: 00. B．Saturday 8: 30.
C．Friday 19: 30. D．Monday 9: 30.

In living memory, no world leader has been as widely identified with a particular animal as Queen Elizabeth with her dogs. They are seen with her on so many occasions that they have become a key part of her public image.
They are more than her public image, though. In a life that is full of rules, they provide an easy way for the Queen to break the ice with strangers. She also gets from them unlimited amounts of true love and affection, unaffected by the knowledge that she is a queen. Whenever possible, the Queen feeds the dogs herself and leads them on daily walks. Her husband, Prince Philip, has referred to these chores (杂活) as his wife’s private “dog moments”.
When the Queen was young, the dogs kept her company, too. During WWII, she and her sister Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle in secret while their parents stayed at Buckingham Palace to face the bombing with the public. Through the war’s long days and nights, they could be relied upon to comfort them. Jane, in particular, was Elizabeth and Margaret’s childhood strength.
On her 18th birthday, the Queen was given a two-month-old baby dog, Susan. They soon became inseparable. In 1947, hidden under blankets in the carriage, Susan rode with the Queen as she left with Prince Philip for their honeymoon in Scotland.
Susan became such a public figure that, when Elizabeth gave birth to her first baby—Charles, The Mirror asked readers to advise the Queen on how to keep Susan from growing jealous (妒忌的) of the infant. One of the answers read: “First, hug Susan all the time. Second, let Susan have a bowl of milk when you are nursing the baby.” A year later, Susan produced two babies—Sugar (who belonged to the infant Prince Charles) and Honey (who lived with the Queen Mum).
In the minds of dog fans, Susan remains the most significant figure. This is not because she was the Queen’s dog. It is because her genes have been so long-lived—Susan is the common ancestor of all the Queen’s dogs.
61．Why does the Queen personally take care of the dogs?
A．She has too much time to spend at home.
B．She wants to have a normal life in private.
C．She tries to show her unique skills to dog fans.
D．She uses dog-caring to connect with the public.
62．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The long days and nights. B．The Queen’s parents.
C．Jane and the other dogs. D．Elizabeth and Margaret.
63．Which dog belonged to the Queen’s oldest child?
A．Susan. B．Jane. C．Honey. D．Sugar.
64．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．A True Love Story: Queen Elizabeth and Her Dogs
B．Queen Elizabeth’s Beloved Dogs: Her Public Image
C．Jane: Elizabeth and Margaret’s Childhood Strength
D．Susan: the Common Ancestor of the Queen’s Dogs

A Fantastic Round Trip Rail Tour of Scotland
■9days
■$2,395 per person
About the tour
Lakes and valleys, as well as castles and islands, wait for our discovery as we travel through the beautiful island of Scotland. The explorations begin in Edinburgh, where we can explore freely before traveling to Glasgow. In Glasgow, we board the famous West Highland Line and travel along lakes, past mountains, and through unique villages. Leaving the mainland, we journey by ferryboat to the Isle of Mull and enjoy a visit to an ancient castle and authentic Scotch whiskey (威士忌酒). Then, we enjoy highlights such as Neptune’s Staircase, a cruise of Loch Linnhe, a ride aboard the Jacobite Steam Train, and the legendary Loch Ness. One final train ride, the KyleLine, takes us to Kyle of Lochalsh, where we visit the 13th-century Eilean Donan Castle. After returning to Edinburgh, we can enjoy more representative views.
What’s included
TRANSPORTATION
●Standard Class rail travel on local rail networks●Heritage Rail Excursions (短途旅行)
●All rail and coach travel throughout the tour
ACCOMMODATION
●Hotel accommodations for 8 nights
EXCURSIONS &. ENTERTAINMENT
●Services of a professional tour escort and knowledgeable local guides●Horse riding and camping in the open air
FOOD &. DRINKS
●15 meals including a special “Scottish Evening" on the final night featuring a Scottish piper (风笛奏者) and a traditional Scottish menu
Attention: Travel insurance is not included in the price but can be arranged.
Special offer
Book a qualifying 2023 guided rail tour by January 31, 2023 and save up to $250 per person. Your vacation start or end can be arranged to meet your travel needs in this way as well.
Highlights
◆Three scenic rail excursions
◆Isle of Mull including Duart Castle
◆Whiskey tasting
◆Visits to Eilean Donan Castle
65．How can visitors get access to the Eilean Donan Castle?
A．By road. B．By plane.
C．By train. D．By ferryboat.
66．What service charges an extra fee?
A．Travel insurance. B．Accommodation.
C．Food. D．Transportation.
67．What should visitors do to get a special offer?
A．Travel in groups of four. B．Book by January 31, 2023.
C．Arrange travel insurance. D．Pay by credit card in advance.

Have you ever thrown together stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Here’s a menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
ICE CREAM CONE(圆锥形)
Before the ice cream cone, people ate their ice cream out of dishes or paper containers. This changed at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. A seller ran out of dishes to serve his ice cream. Luckily, Ernest A．Hamwi, a quick-thinking seller nearby, rolled his waffle-like pastries (糕点) into a cone shape. The ice cream seller filled it with ice cream for his customers. He was able to continue selling ice cream, and customers got a second treat when they realized they could eat the cone.
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES
In 1930, Ruth Graves Wakefield was running the Toll House Inn in Massachusetts. One day, Ruth mistook baker’s chocolate for semi-sweet chocolate and added the pieces to the dough(面团). Unexpectedly, the chocolate pieces stay the same inside the cookie instead of melting. Then the chocolate chip cookie was born.
POTATO CHIPS
In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House, New York. He ordered fried potatoes. But when they came out, he wasn’t satisfied. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry about it that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put much salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but they soon became popular.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling fresh soya milk, pressing it into a block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soy milk. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of creating something unexpectedly good.
68．What do these foods have in common?
A．They are made of unusual material.
B．They were created by accident.
C．They have their origins in the same region.
D．They require complex cooking steps.
69．Which food was created earliest?
A．Ice cream cone. B．Chocolate chip cookies.
C．Potato chips. D．Tofu.
70．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Customers got another ice cream free of charge if they ate the cone.
B．Hamwi turned his pastries into a cone shape to draw customers’ attention.
C．George served potato chips to the picky customer hoping he would love it.
D．Seaweed needs to be added in order to make cheese.

Many cases of online bullying have been making the social media rounds in recent years. Negative moral judgment, cyber threats, and verbal violence(语言暴力) pollute the digital world. Meanwhile, some platforms, attracting network traffic, tend to turn a blind eye to the roaring of verbal violence and so the list continues to cause a great stir on social media from time to time.
There are 43.88 billion people surfing the Internet and spending a weekly average of 28.5 hours online. The question becomes: What measures can help build a good cyber environment and, more importantly, limit online violence?
While providing the public with more room to express and share their ideas, the Internet for some serves as a platform to hurt others. Online anonymity(匿名) makes it possible for some netizens to stop obeying all morals, as well as the related laws and rules. With their identities covered, netizens can be less worried to do what they want to do, thinking that they don’t have to bear legal responsibility. Cyber space is not lawless area. To create a healthy cyber space and limit online violence, real-name registration can prove effective. Law breaker and platforms that refuse to take responsibility should also be punished.
Good laws are what it takes to manage the present situation. To limit cyber bullying and clean the digital space, one key step is to strengthen lawmaking and law enforcement(执行). Prevention is better than cure. Strict law enforcement appears to be more important.
However, some countries still lack special laws targeting cyber violence, and only have a few terms and unsystematic rules in place-too weak to deal with the complicated violence online. At this point, though sometimes illegal acts like verbal violence will lead to a maximum of three years in prison, it can be costly and difficult for sufferers to collect evidence and safeguard their rights. The number of cyber bullying cases published is very low. There are a few technical difficulties here. It is hard to identify who should bear the blame and sufferers have no idea who they should file a complaint against.
71．What does the underlined “the list” in paragraph I refer to?
A．Social media. B．The roaring of verbal violence.
C．Cases of online bullying. D．Moral judgment, cyber threats, and verbal violence
72．Why do some netizens take advantage of Online anonymity?
A．They can hide their real identities.
B．They think they can escape punishment even if they do something wrong.
C．They want to express and share their ideas secretly.
D．They want to create a healthy cyber space and limit online violence.
73．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Netizens who cover their identities don’t have to bear legal responsibility.
B．Verbal violence may result in one or two years in prison.
C．Sufferers are not good at Internet technology.
D．Sufferers usually have no idea how to file a complaint.
74．What is the author most likely to introduce next?
A．Some advice for sufferers to collect evidence and safeguard rights.
B．Current laws against cyber violence.
C．How to identify different types of cyber bullying cases.
D．Difficulties in collecting evidence and safeguarding rights.
















参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定。一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. (患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助。)”可知，根据文章，影响决策的一项是不确定会发生什么。故选C。
2．推理判断题。文章第二段一开始就讲到：“现在在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人适应快速变化的环境的能力较差。”紧接着下面几段就介绍这项研究的实验过程，包括参与者；分组情况；实验结果等。文章第五段讲到“...and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. (……这项任务分两组进行——一组是稳定的，其中一种形状与奖励的关联概率为75%，另一种形状与奖励的关联概率为25%;另一组是不稳定的，其中形状与奖励的关联概率较高(每20次试验更换一次)。因此，在不稳定的小组中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整他们的反应。)”由此可知，设置不稳定小组的目的是创造快速变化的局面，比较两种不同类型的参与者的适应环境的能力。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. (Sonia Bishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手)”可知，Sonia Bishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. (现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定。)”可知，这项研究可以给出的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁。故选D。
5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B

【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章通过对作者自年少时到成年后对一辆玩具火车情感变化的描述，表达了他对祖父的思念之情。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me.”（光滑的子弹头发动机，橙色和黄色的线条，闪亮的流线型黑色发动机似乎对我下了魔咒。）和第二段“Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet—enormous by the toy train standards of the day. Even better, the 746 had a working headlight and smoker, and its tender sang high.”（发动机和车厢加在一起差不多有2英尺—按照当时的玩具火车标准，这是巨大的。更好的是，746有一个工作的前灯和吸烟，火车声音响亮。）可知，作者对746玩具火车非常迷恋，认为它非常完美，无以伦比。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead, I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight, no smoker or no sound! ”（相反，我不得不满足于他的小Lionel塑料，它比746短6英寸，没有前灯，没有烟头，也没有声音！）可知，在作者看来，这个小Lionel 塑料和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有点不满意。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Complicated sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains. I never gave a look. My interest in toy trains, I firmly believed, had faded, nor did my admiration for the 746, since my grandfather was not with me. The 746 was never called to mind. ”（复杂的音响系统和电脑控制主导了玩具火车，我根本没看它一眼。我坚信，自从祖父不在我身边，我对玩具火车的兴趣已经消退，我对746的倾慕也没有了，我再也没有想起746。）可知，作者30多岁时，因为祖父不在了，所以他尽量不去回忆过去。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.”（我仿佛能看到祖父眼中柔和的光芒，听到他欢快的笑声。）和全文内容可知，文章以746火车玩具为主线，通过对作者自年少时到成年后对它情感变化的描述，表达了作者对童年时期祖父的爱的怀念。故选B。
9．C 10．C 11．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本与鸟类有关的书籍。
9．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Flamingo售价35英镑；Around the World in 80 Birds售价22英镑；A World on the Wing售价9.9英镑；Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds售价11.99英镑。再根据Around the World in 80 Birds部分中“Mike Unwin’s tour is accompanied by beautiful illustrations from Ryuto Miyake.(Mike Unwin的旅行伴随着Ryuto Miyake的美丽插图)”故第二贵的插图书是Ryuto Miyake写的。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Pulitzer-shortlisted Weidensaul, who’s at the forefront of research into bird migration, here tracks some of nature’s most remarkable journeys. He sails through the stormy Bering Sea, encounters trappers in the Mediterranean and visits former headhunters in northeast India, where a bird migration crisis has become a conservation success story.(入围普利策奖的Weidensaul站在鸟类迁徙研究的最前沿，他在这里追踪了一些大自然最非凡的旅程。他航行穿过狂风暴雨的白令海，在地中海遇到捕猎者，并拜访印度东北部的前猎头，那里的鸟类迁徙危机已成为保护鸟类的成功案例)”可知，A World on the Wing最适合那些关心候鸟生存的人。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds部分中“This is their clever and amusing account.(这是他们机智而有趣的叙述)”可知，Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds的特色是幽默的描述。故选A。
12．D 13．A 14．D 15．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相互作用的影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else.(也许它确实向我们揭示了现实的深层结构，一种属性只不过是影响另一种属性的东西)”可知，量子理论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup’s surface. Its being “a teacup" refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn’t know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.(想想一个简单的物体，比如一个蓝色的茶杯。杯子是蓝色的并不仅仅是杯子的特性：我们大脑中的颜色是我们眼睛的某种生物结构的结果，也是日光和杯子表面相互作用的结果。“茶杯”指的是它作为一个饮用容器的潜在功能：对于一个不知道喝茶的外星人来说，茶杯的概念本身毫无意义。正如量子理论所表明的那样：它们是由它们与世界其他部分的物理相互作用来定义的)”可推知，作者举例说明解释“相互作用的影响”。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes.”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了，这种衡量成功的方法误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故it指的是“衡量成功的方法”。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole.(如果我们从相互作用而不是个体的角度来考虑现实，我们就能更好地理解现实。这就是为什么在经典博弈论中，长期的赢家是那些合作的人。我们用个人的财富来衡量成功，这太愚蠢了。它误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果，阻碍我们应对全人类共同面临的挑战)”可推知，文章的主要目的是吸引人们对相互作用的注意。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A

【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要是通过人们的发现和专家们的研究，探索古老的洞穴壁画艺术的悠久的历史。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain, she spotted amazing drawings of wild cows, painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age: they were made thousands of years ago by modern humans’ supposedly primitive ancestors. ”（ 在西班牙北部Altamira洞穴的墙壁上，她发现了用鲜艳的红色和黑色绘制的野生奶牛的惊人画作，比这些图像更引人注目的是它们的年代：它们是由现代人的原始祖先在几千年前制作的。）可知，这个女孩在洞穴发现了古老的图像。故选B。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“For a start, modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe. What’s more, a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity.”（首先，现代人可能不是欧洲最早的艺术家，更重要的是，在印度尼西亚发现的一组洞穴壁画驳斥了欧洲是创造力中心的观点。）可知，欧洲不是洞穴艺术的发源地，“洞穴艺术可以追溯到欧洲”这一想法是一种误解。故选A。
18．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65,000 years ago, but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures. ”（现代人被认为在大约6.5万年前到达了这个地区，但没有人想到这些艺术品可能非常古老，因为古代绘画似乎不太可能在高温环境中存活下来。）和“Using this technique in seven caves, they found a hand stencil was at least 39,900 years old, making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time.”（在七个洞穴中使用这种技术，他们发现了一个至少有39900年历史的手模板，使其成为当时已知最古老的手模板。）可知，通过使用这种技术，人们发现了存活下来的古老的艺术平，改变了最初的想法；结合划线词所在句“A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert, now at Griffith University in Australia, upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art.”中的“using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art”（使用这种正在改变我们对洞穴艺术的理解的技术）可知，使用这项技术改变、颠覆了之前的想法，故“upended”意为“颠覆”。故选C。
19．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia. ”（这为印尼的新发现打开了闸门。）及“These included a hunting scene created at least 43,900 years ago, and by far the oldest descriptive artwork.”（其中包括至少43,900年前创作的狩猎场景，这是迄今为止最古老的描述性艺术品。）可知，最后一段主要在谈论在印尼发现的这些令人惊叹的艺术品。故选A。
20．A 21．D 22．C 23．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杰瑞是一个积极乐观的人，总是积极地面对生活中的事情，虽然不幸中弹了，他依旧用乐观的态度面对自己的遭遇，选择坚定地活下去。
20．推理判断题。根据第五段“I thought about what Jerry said. Soon after that, I left the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought of him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it.（我想了想杰瑞说的话。在那之后不久，我离开了餐饮业，开始自己创业。我们失去了联系，但当我对生活做出选择而不是对它做出反应时，我经常想起他。）”和最后一段中“I have learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.（我从他身上学到，我们每天都可以选择充实地生活。）”可知，杰瑞积极的思维方式让作者学会了积极地对生活做出选择，并且将这种思维方式贯彻到自己的生活中。由此可知，作者仿效了杰瑞积极的思维方式。故选A项。
21．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in a restaurant business: he left the back door open one morning and was held up by three armed robbers, who then shot him.（几年后，我听说杰瑞做了一件在餐馆里绝对不应该做的事：一天早上，他忘了关后门，他被三个武装劫匪拦住，然后他们开枪射击了他。）”可知，抢劫犯是通过杰瑞忘记关的后门进入餐馆的。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Well, there was a big nurse shouting questions at me,” said Jerry. “She asked if I was allergic to anything. ‘Yes,’ I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply. I took a deep breath and shouted, ‘Bullets!’ Over their laughter I told them, ‘I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.’”（杰瑞说：“嗯，有一个高大的护士大声问我问题，她问我是否对什么过敏。‘是的，’我回答。医生和护士停止工作，等待我的回答。我深吸一口气，喊道：‘子弹!’他们笑了，我对他们说：‘我选择活下去。把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。’”）”可知，在中弹即将要做手术的时候，杰瑞和医生护士们开玩笑，缓解他们的紧张，并坚定地告诉他们自己选择活下去。由此可推知，杰瑞既幽默又乐观。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据文中杰瑞的行为和遭遇可知，杰瑞是一个积极乐观的人，总是积极地面对生活中的事情，虽然不幸中弹了，他依旧用乐观的态度面对自己的遭遇，选择坚定地活下去。再结合最后一段中“I have learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.（我从他身上学到，我们每天都可以选择充实地生活。）”可知，文章告诉读者，我们对待生活的态度决定了我们的生活，我们可以自主选择用积极的态度去过生活。因此，B项“态度决定一切。”符合文章的主旨。故选B项。
24．C 25．B 26．D 27．D

【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了新的研究表明，当孩子害怕时，父母自然会安慰他们，有些反应实际上可能会增加孩子的焦虑感。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Parents naturally comfort their children when they are scared, but new research shows that some reactions may actually increase their children’s feelings of anxiety.(当孩子害怕时，父母自然会安慰他们，但新的研究表明，有些反应实际上可能会增加孩子的焦虑感)”可知，父母的保护可能增加孩子的焦虑情绪，故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Excuses may be made in order to avoid scary things or situations, which can increase anxiety.  The more a child avoids a situation that may be scary, the scarier it becomes because they don’t have a chance to develop the skills or strategies to deal with the situation properly.  Sometimes parents may tell the child what to do, how to behave and what to say during those situations.  Or, they might do things on behalf of their child.  Children don’t overcome the situation and they keep feeling anxious.(借口可能是为了避免可怕的事情或情况，这可能会增加焦虑。孩子越是避免可能令人恐惧的情况，情况就会变得越可怕，因为他们没有机会发展适当处理这种情况的技能或策略。有时父母可能会告诉孩子在这些情况下该做什么，如何表现以及该说什么。或者，他们可能会代表他们的孩子做事。孩子们不能克服这种情况，他们一直感到焦虑)” 可知，父母会替代孩子做一些令孩子感到焦虑害怕的事情。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parents can look out for this type of bravery, no matter how small, and reward their child. Attention is often the most powerful type of reward so doing easy things like giving a high five, a smile, or a simple ‘I like how you faced your fears!’ can go a long way(父母可以注意这种勇敢，无论多么小，奖励孩子。关注通常是最有力的奖励，所以做一些简单的事情，比如击掌、微笑，或者简单地说一句“我喜欢你面对恐惧的方式!”可以会大有帮助)”。可知，父母应积极回应和肯定孩子在克服焦虑情绪中所取得的进步，故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Parents naturally comfort their children when they are scared, but new research shows that some reactions may actually increase their children’s feelings of anxiety.  A new Arizona State University study shows that parents whose children suffer from anxiety often fall into the “protection trap” that may influence their child’s behavior.(当孩子害怕时，父母自然会安慰他们，但新的研究表明，有些反应实际上可能会增加孩子的焦虑感。亚利桑那州立大学的一项新研究表明，患有焦虑症的孩子的父母经常陷入“保护陷阱”，这可能会影响孩子的行为)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述父母在帮助孩子克服焦虑的过程中可能会陷入“保护陷阱”，从而有一些不正确的反应和行为，而这些会增加孩子的焦虑情绪，并给出一些相关建议。故选D项。
28．C 29．C 30．A 31．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了咖啡馆的环境对于在其中办公的人有着激发其创造力的作用，并从科学角度分析了原因。
28．推理判断题。由第二段“we might wonder why, when things settle down, we should bother going back out to work in public, only to work independently with our heads down — something we’re already doing at home now.(我们可能会想，当事情稳定下来时，我们为什么要麻烦回到公共场合工作，而只是低着头独立工作——这是我们现在已经在家里做的事情)”可知，人们质疑本可以在家里办公，为什么还要不辞麻烦地到咖啡馆办公”。由此推知，人们对在咖啡馆工作持置疑的态度。故选C项。
29．词句猜测题。由划线词上文“But putting on your noise-lessening headphones to work at your desk is actually different from doing the same surrounded by other people (但是，戴上降噪耳机在办公桌前工作实际上与在其他……人的簇拥下工作不同)”以及下文“There are many ways coffee shops awake our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t(咖啡店有很多方式唤醒我们的创造力，而办公室和家里却没有)”可知在办公室或家里办公时戴上耳机的工作效果和在咖啡馆里人来人往嘈杂声不断的工作效果是不同的，下文也提到咖啡馆里的嘈杂声对创造力的积极影响，由此可推理出划线词的含义为“在你周围制造噪音”。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“The idea is that if your attention is slightly taken away from the task at hand by stimuli(刺激), it improves your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative ideas.(这个想法是，如果你的注意力被刺激稍微从手头的任务中转移开，它会提高你的抽象思维能力，从而产生更多的创造性想法)”可知，如果你的注意力稍微转移一点点，它能提高你的抽象思维能力，所以咖啡馆里的背景噪音会激发你的创造性的原因是它促进你的抽象思维。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If we’re already working alone at home, why do we always think of working with our heads similarly down in a public setting?(如果我们已经独自在家工作了，为什么我们总是想着在公共场合同样低着头工作？)”以及第三段“But putting on your noise-lessening headphones to work at your desk is actually different from doing the same surrounded by other people buzzing over your shoulder. There are many ways coffee shops awake our creativity in a way offices and homes don’t.(但是，戴上降噪耳机在办公桌上工作实际上与在其他人的簇拥下工作不同。咖啡店有很多方式唤醒我们的创造力，而办公室和家庭却没有)”可知，第一二段作为引入，提出话题“在咖啡馆工作能提高工作效率”，第三段给出研究结论，第四五六段从三个方面分析支持研究结论，分析四个选项，D项“Working in cafes — a source of creativity(在咖啡馆工作——创造力的源泉)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章通过介绍慈禧对于指甲的热情，说明了中国古代长指甲和护甲的历史，并描述了现代美甲艺术的发展。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Ancient Chinese nobles started growing long nails during the Warring States Period to show that they weren’t manual laborers (体力劳动者), but it wasn’t until the Ming Dynasty that long nails and nail guards became an important symbol of material prosperity. And the trend reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, with Cixi as its poster woman.(中国古代贵族在战国时期开始长指甲，以显示他们不是体力劳动者，但直到明代，长指甲和护甲才成为物质富裕的重要象征。这一趋势在清代达到了顶峰，慈禧是这一趋势的代言人。)”及第三段“The origins of nail guards began in the Han Dynasty more than 1000 years prior to their mainstream glory. At that time, they weren’t particularly decorative. It wasn’t until the Qing Dynasty that they became as expensive and delicate as people today know them to have been.(指甲护具的起源始于汉代，比它们的主流荣耀早了1000多年。在那个时候，它们并不是特别具有装饰性。直到清朝，它们才变得像今天人们所知的那样昂贵和精致。)”可知，本文讲述了长指甲和护甲的历史。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ancient Chinese nobles started growing long nails during the Warring States Period to show that they weren’t manual laborers (体力劳动者), but it wasn’t until the Ming Dynasty that long nails and nail guards became an important symbol of material prosperity. And the trend reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, with Cixi as its poster woman.(中国古代贵族在战国时期开始长指甲，以显示他们不是体力劳动者，但直到明代，长指甲和护甲才成为物质富裕的重要象征。这一趋势在清代达到了顶峰，慈禧是这一趋势的代言人。)”可知，“在汉代，护甲可以显示出贵族的地位”是错误的。故选B项。
34．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Cixi, on the other hand, had unique rights to dragon and phoenix  (凤凰)carvings on her nail guards.(慈禧，另一方面，有独特的权利在她的指甲上雕刻龙凤。)”及划线句“Needless to say, she didn’t skimp on exercising these rights.(不用说，她不skimp on行使这些权利。)”可以推测，慈禧经常在护甲上雕刻龙凤以显示其尊贵的地位，因此，skimp on与be mean with同义，表示“在……方面吝啬”。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Long nails may no longer be front and center on the fashion stage today. Yet the period drama series like Empresses in the Palace 《甄嬛传》 (2012), Ruyi’ Royal Love in the Palace (2018), and Story of Yanxi Palace (2018) brought in the popularity of the Morandi color palette (莫兰迪调色盘) in China’s nail art circle. Inspired by Italian painter Giorgio Morandi, the manicure (美甲) industry today also adopts a more softened color scheme that gives off a feeling of balance and elegance.(如今，长指甲可能不再是时尚舞台上的焦点。然而，像《甄嬛传》（2012）、《如意》（2018）和《延禧宫物语》（2018）这样的古装剧，让莫兰迪色调在中国美甲艺术界流行起来。受意大利画家乔治·莫兰迪的启发，如今的美甲行业也采用了更柔和的配色方案，给人一种平衡和优雅的感觉。)”可以推测，美甲艺术在时尚界仍有市场。故选D项。
36．C 37．B 38．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。该篇主要是关于享有“北区威尼斯”之称的阿姆斯特丹的一份旅行指南。
36．细节理解题。根据If You Have Time下面的“The Canal Ring is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was originally built to attract wealthy homeowners and is a center for celebrity spotting and nightlife today.(The Canal Ring是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，最初是为了吸引富有的房主，现在是一个名人来访和夜生活的中心)”可知，The Canal Ring是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据Money Saving Tips下面的“don’t book hotels or flights between mid-March and mid-May.(在3月中旬到5月中旬之间，不要预订酒店或航班)”可知，在阿姆斯特丹，避免在3月中旬至5月中旬之间预订航班可以为你节省钱。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is the capital and most populous city in the Netherlands and often referred to as the ‘Venice of the North’ because of its expansive system of bridges and canals.(它是荷兰的首都和人口最多的城市，由于其广阔的桥梁和运河系统，它经常被称为“北方的威尼斯”)”可知，阿姆斯特丹已经拥有连接完好的桥梁和运河系统。故选D。
39．B 40．C 41．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了那些提供助学金的大人物。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据Chipotle部分“Chipotle allows employees to use up to $5,250 in tuition assistance, regardless of part-or full-time employment status. (Chipotle允许员工使用最多5250美元的学费补助，不管他们是兼职还是全职。)”可知，Chipotle的学费资助政策不会区分员工的雇佣类别。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据Home Depot部分“Salaried employees can receive up to $5,000, full-time hourly employees $3,000 and par-time hourly up to $1,500 per calendar year. (受薪雇员每年最高可获得5000美元，全职小时雇员最高可获得3000美元，业余小时工最高可获得1500美元。)”可知，Home Depot公司的学费资助中，小时工的较少。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据UPS部分“On the day employees are hired, UPS will provide up to $5,250 per calendar year and up to a lifetime maximum of $25,000. (在雇用员工的当天，UPS将提供每日历年最多5250美元，终身最多25000美元。)”可知，UPS公司的学费资助上限是$25000。故选D。
42．A 43．B 44．A 45．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Della Steward在53岁生日那天在她的博客上收到了祝福，但是也收到了求助信息，Della Steward用实际行动为有需要的人提供帮助。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段“His older brother was in deep sorrow. Could Della help?(他的哥哥悲痛欲绝。Della能帮忙吗)”可推知，Della Steward在53岁生日那天收到的不同寻常的信息是一条求助信息，故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据第二段“When she got the note about the Smith family, she sent a wind chime (风铃) with the message “Listen to the wind and know that I am near written on it.” It now hangs in the four-year-old’s bedroom, where his older brother can go to listen to it whenever he wants.(当她收到关于史密斯一家的便条时，她寄出了一声风铃，上面写着：“听听风，知道我离它很近了。”它现在挂在四岁孩子的卧室里，他的哥哥可以随时去听)”可推理出，Della Steward是一个有爱心且乐于助人的人，故选B项。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“in 2016, she founded Love in Action, an organization committed to doing something good near her home and beyond. Its aim is simple: Do Your Best, Show Your Love!( 2016年，她第47次创立了“爱在行动”组织，这是一个致力于在家附近和其他地方做好事的组织。它的目的很简单：尽你所能，展现你的爱)”可知，“爱在行动”组织需要人们付出善良的行动，故选A项。
45．细节理解题。根据最后一段“she naturally ignores. “I got a couple of gift cards for my birthday this year and YESSS!” It’s Della’s party, and she’ll give if she wants to.(她自然会忽视这一点。“我今年生日收到了几张礼品卡，是的！”这是黛拉的派对，如果她愿意，她会送的)”可知，家人给她警告的原因是认为Della已经准备好把生日礼物送给别人了，故选D项。
46．A 47．C 48．C 49．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当我们对当下的生活不满意产生无聊之感时，可以追求兴趣爱好，例如锻炼、学习新语言、阅读、去户外，丰富自己的生活，提升满足感。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’s perfectly natural to feel this way from time to time, but feeling bored often can also mean that your present life isn’t satisfying you as much as it could.（偶尔有这种感觉是很自然的，但经常感到无聊也意味着你现在的生活没有让你满意。）”可知，当我们当下的生活无法让我们满意的时候，我们会感到无聊。故选A项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of the easiest and most effective ways to relieve (缓解) boredom is to take exercise.（消除无聊的最简单、最有效的方法之一就是锻炼。）”可知，进行锻炼是消除无聊的有效方式。故选C项。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One of the easiest and most effective ways to relieve (缓解) boredom is to take exercise.（消除无聊的最简单、最有效的方法之一就是锻炼。）”、“Learning a new language is another way to challenge yourself and become more creative.（学习一门新语言是挑战自我、变得更有创造力的另一种方式。）”和第四段中“Furthermore, reading is a hobby that can be enjoyed by almost anyone.（此外，阅读是一种几乎任何人都可以享受的爱好。）”、“The last way to avoid feeling bored inside is to spend time outdoors.（避免内心感到无聊的最后一个方法是花时间在户外。）”可知，文中提供了锻炼、学习新的语言、阅读、去户外四种消除无聊的方式。故选C项。
49．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，针对我们因为对当下的生活不满意而产生无聊之感的问题，文章认为可以追求兴趣爱好消除无聊，具体列举了锻炼、学习新语言、阅读、去户外的活动。由此可知，B项“一些活动可以帮助缓解无聊”可以概括文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者借古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁之口批判了现代消费文化中存在的陷阱，并指出了获得幸福的秘诀：活得自然、无忧无虑。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“ For Epicurus, pleasure consisted not of a presence of anything but an absence—a complete lack of anxiety.“It is better for you to lie upon a bed of straw and be free of fear, than to have a huge palace yet be troubled in mind,” he said.(对伊壁鸠鲁来说，快乐不是存在而是缺席——完全没有焦虑。“你躺在一张稻草床上，无忧无虑，总比拥有一座巨大的宫殿却心里烦恼要好。”他说)”可知，伊壁鸠鲁认为无忧无虑才是幸福的源泉。故选D。
51．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We now live in a golden age of pleasure. So many options lie just a click away: delicious food, better smartphones and nicer cars…(我们现在生活在一个快乐的黄金时代。点击一下就能找到很多选择:美味的食物、更好的智能手机和更好的汽车……) ”及第四段“Such things are traps(这些东西都是陷阱)”和“Yet our entire consumer culture is based on the assumption that pleasure varied equals pleasure increased. It leads to needless unhappiness.(然而，我们的整个消费文化都是基于这样的假设，即快乐的变化等于快乐的增加。它会导致不必要的不快乐)”可知，这两段主要讲的是现代社会的消费文化所隐藏的陷阱。故选C。
52．细节理解题。根据第五段“ “Don’t live beyond your natural needs. Nature has made the necessary desires easy to satisfy and the unnecessary ones difficult. Bananas grow on trees. Expensive cars don’t. Natural desire will guide us toward the highest pleasures and away from the unnecessary ones.”(“不要超出你的自然需求。自然使必要的欲望很容易满足，而不必要的欲望却很难满足。香蕉长在树上。昂贵的汽车则不然。自然的欲望会引导我们走向最高的快乐，远离不必要的快乐。”)”可知，香蕉代表的是自然需求。故选B。
53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Friendship, Epicurus thought, is life’s greatest pleasure, especially during mealtimes. “To eat and drink alone is to devour like the lion and the wolf,” he said. “The meal does not have to be good. With the right mindset, and in the right company, even a simple pot of cheese will turn out to be a feast.”(伊壁鸠鲁认为，友谊是人生最大的乐趣，尤其是在吃饭的时候。他说:“一个人吃喝，就像狮子和狼一样狼吞虎咽。”“这顿饭不一定要很好吃。有了正确的心态，在正确的陪伴下，即使是一罐奶酪也会变成一场盛宴。”)”可知，伊壁鸠鲁喜欢与朋友一起吃饭，友谊是快乐的，因此推知他喜欢与朋友交流意见。故选A。
54．B 55．D 56．D 57．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆虫对于人类的重要性。
54．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in recent years, he has experienced a lot of “zero-insect days”. He recalls the joy of catching fireflies on his family farm in Texas as a child. With more streetlights and the switch to LED lights, it’s becoming harder for fireflies to spot potential mates.(但近年来，他经历了很多“零虫日”。他回忆起小时候在德克萨斯州的家庭农场里捕捉萤火虫的快乐。随着越来越多的路灯和LED灯的使用，萤火虫发现潜在伴侣的难度越来越大。)”可推知，丹麦研究者发现近年来昆虫正面临生存危机。故选B。
55．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Those changes in biodiversity come with some results.(生物多样性的变化带来了一些结果。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了昆虫品种变化的后果。故选D。
56．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As researcher Martin puts it, “Our reliance on insects is like the Internet: When parts of the network are removed, the less Internet there is, until eventually it doesn’t work anymore.”(正如研究人员马丁所说，“我们对昆虫的依赖就像互联网：当网络的一部分被移除时，互联网就会变得越来越少，直到最终它不再工作。”)”可推知，从Martin的评论中我们可以推理出人类严重依赖昆虫。故选D。
57．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As researcher Martin puts it, “Our reliance on insects is like the Internet: When parts of the network are removed, the less Internet there is, until eventually it doesn’t work anymore.” A world without the Internet would be difficult but livable. The same can’t be said for a world without insects.(正如研究人员马丁所说，“我们对昆虫的依赖就像互联网：当网络的一部分被移除时，互联网就会变得越来越少，直到最终它不再工作。”一个没有互联网的世界将是艰难的，但也是宜居的。没有昆虫的世界就不是这样了。)”可知，文章的主要目的是为了解释昆虫对于人类的重要性。故选A。
58．B 59．C 60．A

【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了北京环球度假村的几个著名的景点。
58．细节理解题。根据文章Jurassic World Isla Nublar部分“It is open and realizes John Hammond’s dream of a world-class destination of prehistoric wonders and breathtaking scenic beauty.(它是开放的，实现了的梦想，成为世界级的史前奇观和令人惊叹的风景之地。)”可知，“Jurassic World Isla Nublar”是对史前奇迹的再现，故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据文章Safe and orderly entry部分“All guests are required to provide Beijing Health Code, check ID card and carry out temperature detection before entering.(所有游客需要提供北京健康码，在入园前检查身份证，体温检测。)”可知，在入院时，游客需要检查体温，故选C。
60．细节理解题。根据文章Operation hour部分“Operation hour: Monday-Friday: 10: 00-19: 00 Saturday-Sunday: 9: 00-20: 00(开放时间：周一至周五：10点-19点  周六至周日：9点-20点。)”可知，在周日，10:00是可进入的时间。故选A。
61．B 62．C 63．D 64．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国女王伊丽莎白二世与她的爱犬之间的动人故事。
61．推理判断题。根据第二段“She also gets from them unlimited amounts of true love and affection, unaffected by the knowledge that she is a queen. Whenever possible, the Queen feeds the dogs herself and leads them on daily walks. Her husband, Prince Philip, has referred to these chores (杂活) as his wife’s private ‘dog moments’.(她也从他们那里得到了无限的真爱和感情，不受她是女王这一事实的影响。只要有可能，女王都会亲自给狗喂食，并每天带着它们散步。她的丈夫菲利普亲王将这些家务活称为妻子的私人‘狗时光’)”可推断，女王很可能是渴望通过照料这些小狗来体验一下常人的生活，注意题干问的是在家亲自照料小狗，与公务无关。故选B项。
62．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“When the Queen was young, the dogs kept her company, too.(当女王年轻的时候，狗也陪伴着她)”及“Jane, in particular, was Elizabeth and Margaret’s childhood strength.(尤其是简，她是伊丽莎白和玛格丽特童年的力量源泉)”可知，they指代的是包括Jane在内的那些小狗在二战期间女王和妹妹Margaret待在温莎城堡时陪伴着她们，是她们姐妹的依靠。故选C项。
63．细节理解题。根据第五段“…when Elizabeth gave birth to her first baby—Charles,…(苏珊成了一个公众人物，以至于当伊丽莎白生下她的第一个孩子查尔斯时...)”及“A year later, Susan produced two babies—Sugar (who belonged to the infant Prince Charles)…(一年后，苏珊生下了两个孩子——Sugar (属于襁褓中的查尔斯王子))”可知，Sugar属于女王的大儿子。故选D项。
64．标题判断题。根据第一段“They are seen with her on so many occasions that they have become a key part of her public image.(他们与她一起出现在很多场合，已经成为她公众形象的重要组成部分)”及通读全文可知，第二段讲到女王带着狗狗出席公务，并日常亲自照顾狗狗，在困难时期，狗狗给了女王陪伴与精神依靠，度蜜月也带着狗狗，并且让狗狗陪伴自己的孩子。由此可知文章讲述了女王一生对小狗的真爱。A选项可以概括全文。其他选项都是不全面的。故选A项。
65．C 66．A 67．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一次绝妙的苏格兰铁路往返之旅的相关信息。
65．细节理解题。根据About the tour部分的“One final train ride, the KyleLine, takes us to Kyle of Lochalsh, where we visit the 13th-century Eilean Donan Castle. (最后一段火车之旅是KyleLine，它把我们带到了Lochalsh的Kyle，在那里我们参观了13世纪的Eilean Donan城堡。)”可知，游客可以乘火车进入Eilean Donan Castle。故选C。
66．细节理解题。根据表格下面内容“Attention: Travel insurance is not included in the price but can be arranged. (注意：旅游保险不包含在价格内，但可另行安排。)”可知，旅行保险服务要额外收费。故选A。
67．细节理解题。根据Special offer部分的“Book a qualifying 2023 guided rail tour by January 31, 2023 and save up to $250 per person. (在2023年1月31日前预订符合条件的2023年铁路导游之旅，每人最多可节省250美元。)”可知，游客必须在2023年1月31日前预订，才能获得特别优惠。故选B。
68．B 69．D 70．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些食物的起源。
68．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here’s a menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (这里有一些熟悉的食物菜单，如果不是有人错误地制作的话，这些食物是永远不会发生的。)”可知，这里介绍的四种食物都是偶然创造出来的。故选B项。
69．细节理解题。比较ICE CREAM CONE(圆锥形)下列段落段中“This changed at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. (这在1904年的圣路易斯世界博览会上发生了变化。)”、 CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIES下列段落中“In 1930, Ruth Graves Wakefield was running the Toll House Inn in Massachusetts. (1930年，Ruth Graves Wakefield在马萨诸塞州经营收费站旅馆。)”、 POTATO CHIPS下列段落中“In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House, New York. (1853年，一名男子在纽约月亮湖别墅吃晚饭。)”和TOFU下列段落中“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soy milk. (2000年前，一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，意外地在中国发明了豆腐。)”可知，其中，Tofu是最早被创造出来。故选D项。
70．推理判断题。根据TOFU下列段落中“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soy milk. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. (2000年前，一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，意外地在中国发明了豆腐。这与制作奶酪的过程相同。)”可知，制作奶酪需要添加海藻。故选D项。
71．C 72．B 73．B 74．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络暴力的影响和管理中的困难。
71．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Many cases of online bullying have been making the social media rounds in recent years. (近年来，社交媒体上流传着许多网络欺凌案件。)”说明了近年来，网络欺凌案件不断发生，从而推知划线词句“Meanwhile, some platforms, attracting network traffic, tend to turn a blind eye to the roaring of verbal violence and so the list continues to cause a great stir on social media from time to time. (与此同时，一些吸引网络流量的平台往往对咆哮的语言暴力视而不见，因此the list持续不断地在社交媒体上引起轩然大波。)”其中划线部分指的是前文中的“网络欺凌案件”。故选C项。
72．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Online anonymity(匿名) makes it possible for some netizens to stop obeying all morals, as well as the related laws and rules. With their identities covered, netizens can be less worried to do what they want to do, thinking that they don’t have to bear legal responsibility. (网络匿名使得一些网民有可能不再遵守所有的道德，以及相关的法律和规则。有了他们的身份，网民可以不那么担心做他们想做的事，认为他们不必承担法律责任。)”可知，有些网民利用网络匿名是因为他们认为即使做错了事也能逃脱惩罚。故选B项。
73．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At this point, though sometimes illegal acts like verbal violence will lead to a maximum of three years in prison, it can be costly and difficult for sufferers to collect evidence and safeguard their rights. (在这一点上，虽然有时像言语暴力这样的非法行为会导致最高三年的监禁，但受害者收集证据和维护自己的权利可能会花费高昂且困难。)”可知，语言暴力有可能会导致一年或两年的监禁。故选B项。
74．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are a few technical difficulties here. It is hard to identify who should bear the blame and sufferers have no idea who they should file a complaint against. (这里有一些技术上的困难。很难确定谁应该承担责任，受害者也不知道他们应该向谁投诉。)”可知，作者接下来最有可能介绍对受害者收集证据和维护权利的一些建议。故选A项。