高考英语阅读表达专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读表达专项训练，共47页。
阅读表达
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Dressed in a white gown with pens in his pocket, 53-year-old Diarra Boubacar was welcomed by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in the Xindu district of Chengdu, Sichuan, as a specially invited expert.
Boubacar grew up in a small town in south-central Mali, a country in West Africa, which finds it challenging to provide affordable healthcare to its 19 million people.
Boubacar first came to China in 1984 on a student exchange program majoring in Chinese language and culture at Beijing Language and Culture University. After the two-year course, he decided to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.
Since TCM is also related to Chinese history and culture, students have to study ancient Chinese literature as most of the medical texts were written in ancient Chinese characters. “That’s a subject even the Chinese find difficult; so think of me, a foreigner!” he said.
What inspired him to continue were the similarities between TCM and traditional African medicine, such as using certain herbs to treat the same diseases and letting out blood.
However, the greatest challenge for him was to convince people that even though he was a foreigner, he could still treat them effectively with TCM.
In 1997, he became the first foreigner to receive a doctoral (博士的) degree in acupuncture (针灸) from Chengdu University of TCM.
Besides his work in a private hospital, Boubacar has also been helping patients in remote villages in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. A major part of his work was treating leprosy (麻风病) patients.
Due to his work in the community, Boubacar is also known as the “African Norman
Bethune”. Bethune was a Canadian frontline doctor who ran mobile hospitals in north China in the 1930s.
“I want to build not only a hospital but also an educational center where people can come and learn about Chinese medicine,” he said. After 10 years, his dream is becoming a reality.
“If they learn TCM, they will be able to treat people in Africa in a very cheap and effective way,” said Boubacar.
1．What was Boubacar’s hometown in Mali like? (no more than 10 words)
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
3．What made Boubacar continue his study of TCM? (no more than 10 words)
4．Why does Boubacar want African people to learn TCM? (no more than 8 words)
5．What do you think of Boubacar’s work in China? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I was sitting in a chemistry class when I and six other kids were called down to the counselor’s (顾问) office. It was pretty strange because none of us were “ problem ” students. We were all curious about what she wanted to say.
This was when she told us she would be choosing one of us to be nominated (提名) for the largest scholarship in Canada. It was a very strange moment; I never realized I was that excellent. She said, since we all had a similar high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who was the most deserving.
A week later, I got an email from the counselor; it was addressed to me and another student at the meeting. I was shocked; this must have meant we were the two people she would be choosing from. We were required to write about where we see ourselves in ten years; I knew I had to make this count. I spoke from the heart, depicting my perfect life: living in the big city, having finished my degree, doing what I loved every day.
About a week later, I got called back to her office, only me. I didn’t want to be overexcited because maybe she was being personal, telling me I wasn’t chosen. She told me I was the one picked. Nobody could have controlled my smile, what a moment.
She told me about all the nice things my teachers said about me; I never realized I was held in such high-regard to them. Over 350,000 students graduate from high school every year and I was one of the only 1,500 kids nominated for this scholarship across all of Canada.
Unfortunately, I didn’t win but I’d still like to thank everyone who helped me get to where I am today.
6．Why did the author feel surprised when he was called to the office? ( no more than 10 words )
7．Why did the school went to choose from the six students? ( no more than 5 words )
8．What does he underlined word “ depicting ” in the third paragraph probably men? ( 1 word )
9．What was the purpose of the counselor calling the author to her office again? ( no more than 10 words )
10．What do you want to say to those who ever have given you recognition and help? ( no more than 20 words )

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. With little more than a pencil, a slide rule (计算尺) and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history — making moonwalk, let it return to Earth.
Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred strictly educated, supremely capable yet largely unrecognized women who, well before the modern feminist (男女平等主义者) movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double separation (隔离): They were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who in turn were separated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.
Mrs. Johnson broke barriers at NASA．In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of the black women who served as mathematicians for the space agency. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film Hidden Figures, which was nominated for three Oscars, including best picture.
In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor. That year, The Washington Post described her as “the most high-profile of the computers” — “computers” being the term originally used to describe Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” were used in the 19th century to represent professional typists.
She “helped our nation enlarge the frontiers of space,” NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, said in a statement on Monday, “even as she made huge steps that also opened doors for women and people of color in the universal human quest to explore space.”
As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley — from 1953 until her retirement in 1986 — was “a time when computers wore skirts.”
11．What did Mrs. Johnson do as a NASA mathematicians, according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 15 words)
12．What barrier(s) did Mrs. Johnson have to break at NASA? (no more than 10 words)
13．How did NASA recognize Mr. Johnson’s contribution? (no more than 10 words)
14．What does the underlined phrases mean in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
15．What do you learn from Mrs. Johnson’s experience? (no more than 20 words)

阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Don’t put your elbows(肘) on the table. The soup spoon should never be put into the mouth. These are some of the examples of table manners. They show the way people behave while eating a meal. Actually, every family follows table manners in its own way. Even in families where no one mentions elbows, there are always behaviours taking effect when sharing meals.
Interestingly, different cultures have different thoughts on table manners-elbows on the table, for example, is very British. Some countries think burping(打嗝) after a meal is a sign that it was delicious. While it is important to keep silent while eating, in some areas it is actually as important to keep up the tradition of eating at the table as a family, with conversations and no mobile phones.
Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot. Few will want an ill-mannered person in their workplace, or social circle, and this is as relevant today as it was hundreds of years ago.
While globalization has led to the intermixing of cultures, the essence of table manners remains. “I was brought up to have table manners,” says celebrated chef Tony Tan, who grew up in Malaysia, eating Indian, Chinese and Malay cuisines with chopsticks, hands, spoon and fork. Tan, who went on to train as a chef in Paris and London, is an expert in Asian cuisines from Cantonese to Malaysian, which he teaches at his school in country Victoria-but the etiquette(礼节), particularly of his Chinese tradition, has remained. He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. When people don’t do that anymore, they lack manners and they lack good upbringing. ”
16．What are table manners?
17．Why are table manners important?
18．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after they get permission from the elders.
19．Apart from the rules mentioned in the passage, what other table manners do you have in your home? （In about 40 words）

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When my mother passed away a few years ago, my 85-year-old father was left alone in the large house they had shared for 50 years. Without her to watch out for him, he worried about who would find him and help if “something happened. ”
My sister and I live in other states, so we hit on the idea that Dad could send us an e-mail every morning when he awoke. Thus was born the Morning Report.
He’s usually up at dawn, and his half a dozen or so sentences are waiting in my inbox when I wake up. If there’s no e-mail, I call him, or my sister does, to make sure everything is fine.
The reports have become more than a daily check, though: They’re a diary of sorts, a stimulation for more extended conversations, and a source of insight into his life. Through them, Dad tells us about his daily routines. I find his repeated activities — current-events discussion group on Tuesday nights, Chess Club on Wednesday afternoons, and coffee with friends on Sunday morning — reassuring (使人放心的).
Recently he told us, “I’ve climbed halfway up Mount Washington!” Given his age and distance from New Hampshire, such a hike was unlikely. I was confused for a day or two until he reminded me he was working on a hooked rug with a scene of the mountain.
Each e-mail closes with “All my love, Dad.” When my mother was alive, that sentiment (情绪) was normally reserved for her. Now that she is gone, he shares those feelings and his experiences with us. For me, what started as a simple security measure has spawned a deeper closeness.
I’m grateful my father is still able to manage his computer and the Internet. I know the day will come when he’ll no longer be able to write the reports, and we’ll have to find other ways to keep each other under observation. But until then, they are our way of knowing that another normal day has begun.
20．What was the author’s concern about her father after her mother passed away? (no more than 10 words)
21．How does the author know about her father’s daily life through the Morning Report? (no more than 15 words)
22．Why does the author think her father’s repeated activities are reassuring? (no more than 10 words)
23．What does the underlined word “spawned” mean in the sixth paragraph? (no more than 1 word)
24．What do you think of the author’s father? Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)

阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Whenever I heard strangers singing out loud, whether it was in the supermarket or on the street, I used to think how annoying it was. That was until a few months ago.
Recently, my daughter Zoe started her second year of middle school with a new sense of awareness, asking me to fix the “little girl” pattern on her wheel-chair seat. Not wanting her to stand out at school, I spent hours filling in pale yellow stars with a black marker, eager to erase whatever childish signs I could.
Shortly after, Zoe got really sick and had to miss 20 days of school. This meant our days were filled with rushing between hospital appointments and meetings with the school, as we tried to make sure she didn’t fall behind on her schoolwork.
I felt pulled back to a time when she was little and her sickness was a huge part of her life. Back then, it seemed like Zoe lived in hospitals, as she spent so much time in them. No matter how sick she got, however, she always had a positive attitude.
But this was different: Zoe was no longer singing like she normally did. Zoe usually sang all the time, whether she was playing, riding in the car, or just doing her homework. There was no need for a radio in our house; Zoe provided the music for us.
Consumed (被折磨) with my motherly worries, it was more concerning to me than her sickness.
One day, however, I heard her beautiful voice as I was cooking dinner. I stopped what I was doing and just smiled. “Pure delight,” I thought to myself. Her voice slowly grew stronger, and soon, both the car and the house were filled with her music once more.
How had I not noticed her singing had completely stopped, weeks and weeks ago? Now, thankfully, she’s back in school, smiling and singing, and I’m thankful for each and every song she sings.
These days, whenever I hear a stranger singing a song to themselves, I don’t get mad. Instead, I smile, as I know that by singing out loud, they’re simply sharing their happiness with the world.
25．How did the author use to feel when she heard strangers singing? (no more than 5 words)
26．What do you think Zoe was like? (no more than 10 words)
27．What does “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? (no more than 10 words)
28．Why did the author say “There was no need for a radio in our house”? (no more than 15 words)
29．What does singing mean to people, according to the author? (no more than 15 words)

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Cleaning windows is tricky enough at the best of times, but when the glass is on the world’s tallest building it is a complete pain. Soaring 2,717ft into the air above Dubai and with 1,292,500 sq ft of glass to keep clean, the ￡1 billion Burj Khalifa presented a unique problem for maintenance teams.
Dale Harding, the general manager of window cleaning company, said the firm installed ￡5 million of hi-tech equipment, including unique window-cleaning carousels which they designed, to ensure the Burj Khalifa looks its best. Twelve machines weighing 13 tons carry up to 36 cleaners, who use ordinary soapy water to wash down the Burj’s 24,830 reflective windows in a process that takes three months from top to bottom.
Mr. Harding said the company, based in Melbourne, Australia, had been working overtime to get the Burj shining for Monday’s grand opening ceremony. He said: “It’s an incredible construction. People are focusing on the height of the building but the pure size of it, the footprint, is huge. It’s really 10-15 conventional buildings.”
The work, which took more than one month from the start of last August, was so tiring that the team named themselves the “Men Of Steel”. Mick said: “We would abseil (沿绳下滑) about 200ft down. As the building swayed about you were just left bouncing around on all your ropes. It was totally exhausting because you were up and down ladders all day. There was a platform inside where you could eat your lunch but you were a long way from your nearest toilet or water supply.” The job is now set to enter the Guinness Book of Records as the highest rope access work ever completed.
30．The underlined word “carousels” in Paragraph 2 may refer to ________. (no more than 3 words)
31．What do the cleaners use to clean the reflective windows of Burj Khalifa?  (no more than 10 words)
32．Why did Harding’s company work overtime to clean Burj Khalifa? (no more than 15 words)
33．How long does it take the workers to wash all the windows? (no more than 10 words)
34．What do you think of the work of cleaning Burj Khalifa? Please give your reasons.  (no more than 20 words)

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches along the highway I travel daily to work.
There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye. I’ve noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours, the afternoon sun is too warm for it. Every day for approximately two weeks, I see those beautiful flowers.
This spring, I started a wildflower garden in our yard. I can look out of the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers. I’ve often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the ditch would look great in that bed alongside other wildflowers.
Every day I drove past the flowers thinking, “I’ll stop on my way home and dig them.” “Gee, I don’t want to get my good clothes dirty…” I had wanted to stop and dig them but I didn’t make it anyhow. My husband even gave me a folding shovel one year to be used for that expressed purpose.
One day on my way home from work, I was saddened to see that the highway department had mowed the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone. I thought to myself, “Way to go, you waited too long. You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.”
A week ago we were shocked and saddened to know that my oldest sister-in-law has a terminal brain tumor. She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately, because of age and distance, we haven’t been as close as we all would have liked.
I couldn’t help but see the connection between the pretty blue flowers and the relationship between my husband’s sister and us. I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.
And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I’ll stop and transplant them to my wildflower garden.
35．What caught the author’s eye along the highway she traveled daily to work?
36．In the author’s opinion, why couldn’t she get the flowers?
37．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them.
38．Please give some advice on how to develop a good connection with friends or relatives. (about 40 words)

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
We were in Sri Lanka when the tsunami hit on Boxing Day 200 I was 15 and my brother was 17 at the time. Sadly, we lost our parents in that disaster.
Three years before the tsunami, our parents said we were to be removed from our structured school system in England and enrolled in what they believed to be the best education form: the university of life. As a family, we traveled the world, jumping from county to county and doing volunteer work along the way.
In the years after the tsunami, my brother and I were still both zealous travelers and often set off separately on our own adventures. It was our travels that inspired us to help others. We’d seen various products people wanted when they were on the move and we knew that if we created them, the profits from our business could go towards supporting those in need, especially kids.
So in 2012, we founded Gandys. From our bedroom in Brixton, we designed a range of clothing and accessories (配饰), with a part of the profits from each sale going towards helping children around the world by building Kids’ campuses and offering support including education, medication and healthy food. The first campus we built was in Sri Lanka,and then the next one was built.
The stand-out moment for Gandys came in October 2019. To mark the 15th anniversary of the tsunami, we opened our third campus in Nepal, a country that has seen its fair share of terrible events.
Help is still needed long after the event itself, but people often lose interest after a year or so and move on to other things. That’s why we feel it’s important to build lasting projects which support communities for the years ahead.
39．Why were the author and his brother removed from their structured school system in England? (no more than 10 words)
40．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean? (no more than 10 words)
41．What did the two brothers do with a part of the profits from Gandys? (no more than 15 words).
42．What do the two brothers most probably consider important? ( no more than 10 words).
43．How do you like the two brothers? Please give your reason(s). ( no more than 20 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
For many students, having classes online makes them easily distracted. They face challenges when learning online.
A main source of distraction is digital technology. While electronic devices are required for online learning, they easily steal attention for long periods of time. Most students will hold their phones or leave them on their desks while studying. There is no doubt that during this time a text message from a friend can start a conversation that results in totally ignoring an assignment. Students might open new tabs to watch a fun video or scroll through social media threads. To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.
In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more. Television, family members, pets running in the house, or siblings listening to loud music can all be sources of interruption. Even weather can be a distraction! Imagine a strong wind blowing through the trees or a loud thunderstorm with rain. All these noises can end up disrupting students and affecting their study. A pair of headphones can minimize noise and help students stay on task.
Indeed, where and how we study can be a source of distraction as well. Some students wear comfortable pajamas while lying on their beds with laptops to watch class lectures. This can be a problem for concentration because humans mentally associate the bed with resting. Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class. This problem can be solved by trying to slowly train the brain to separate school time from resting and eating time. Also, a student can grab a light snack before class starts or even before starting an assignment.
Different students face different challenges at home. Students need to figure out ways to ensure they stay on track to achieve their academic goals.
44．According to the passage,what can students do to overcome distractions caused by digital technology while learning online?
45．Why do kitchens raise problems for students studying at home?
46．Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.
To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
47．Please briefly introduce how online learning benefits you.(In about 40 words)

阅读表达
Irregular bedtime may influence healthy brain development of young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found.
The effect was most striking in three-year-olds, where boys and girls scored lower on reading, maths and spatial skill tests than children of the same age who kept to a more strict schedule. Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information.
“If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. Irregular bedtime throughout childhood appeared to have accumulative effect, leading to greater problems later on.
Sacker and her colleagues drew on information in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a long-term record of UK children who are now in or approaching their early teenage years. They looked at how the children’s performance were on tests at various ages, and whether bedtime had any impact. Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group.
Sacker suggests that irregular bedtime affects the brain’s ability to store and learn new information. Early child development has deep influences on health and wellbeing across the life course. Therefore, reduced sleep, especially if it occurs at key times in development, could have important impacts on health throughout life.
48．Who are influenced more by irregular bedtime between boys and girls? (no more than 2 words)
49．What does the underlined word “striking” mean? (1 words)
50．According to Amanda Sacker, what is the future influence of early irregular bedtime on adults? (No more than 10 words)
51．In their study, how did the researchers group the participants (参与者)? (no more than 15 words)
52．If you are a parent with a young child, what should you do when your child don’t go to bed at a regular time? (no more than 20 words)

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Neil Shuttleworth, an 82-year-old English man, was hardly able to walk because of osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) in his right ankle. Problems began for Neil after he accidentally stepped into an unseen hole in a road surface while on holiday in Cyprus several years ago. Thankfully, he received an artificial ankle made from the materials of bulletproof (防弹的) vests.
Neil, who is a retired printing specialist from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, paid for the operation himself since it is not currently available on the National Health Service (NHS). When he finally chose to have the operation, he said it was because he had just one strong desire: to walk hand-in-hand with Christine, his wife of 34 years. “Actually, I wasn’t expecting to run a marathon. I would like to walk down the Promenade de la Croisette in Cannes with my wife, but without the pain I had lived with for far too long,” Neil said.
The operation uses polyethylene (聚乙烯) materials that are used to make bulletproof vests, but with extra added vitamin (维生素) E. Since the E-poly is made from strong plastic fibers, it is expected to last much longer than current replacements.
Before he was injured, Neil had always led an active lifestyle which involved running and cycling across the UK and Europe. After he stepped into the hole, which was several inches deep, he said he could not walk more than a few hundred yards as the pain in his ankle was so excruciating. Neil is now one of the first patients in the UK to have such an ankle replacement operation.
After wearing a special walker boot for six weeks following his operation, Neil received a strict six-week treatment that adopts special exercises. He is now able to walk a couple of miles, and he uses a running machine in order to build his fitness levels even further. “The results of Neil’s operation are impressive and there is at least an 80 to 90% chance the ankle replacement will survive for 10 to 15years,” said Professor Nick Harris, who performed the operation.
53．Why couldn’t Neil walk? （no more than 10 words）
54．What did Neil expect to do according to Paragraph 2? （no more than 10 words）
55．What does the underlined word probably mean in Paragraph 4? （1 word）
56．What was expressed in Professor Nick Harris’ words? （1word）
57．What should you do when your family members get sick? Please explain.（no more than 20 words）

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a tough situation. At 8,700 meters above sea level, Zhang Hong and his team members faced a difficult decision. Based on the oxygen they had consumed, they might not have enough to reach the summit of Qomolangma. Should they press on or turn back?
Zhang’s guide Chen Tao made a quick decision that he and the two photographers with the group should immediately withdraw and leave their oxygen tanks to Zhang to let him finish the climb to the summit of the mountain.
The wind was strong, and Zhang was terrified. The three Sherpa guides didn’t speak Chinese and their English instructions to Zhang were muffled by the high wind. And there was additional difficulty for Zhang — he can’t see.
To walk on a path was often hard for the Chinese mountaineer. And there was no actual path on the mountain. Zhang had to follow the guides’ directions precisely on every single step. The guides told him in which direction to go and the length of each step. But one mistake could cost Zhang his life.
At first, Zhang didn’t want to continue. But Chen told Zhang “if you don’t continue, this may be the last chance you have to reach the top of Qomolangma, while I will still have more chances”. There was no time left for 46-year-old Zhang to argue with Chen and Chen gave Zhang a gentle nudge to hurry him on.
Zhang continued his climb with one guide in front of him and two behind. After several more hours’ climbing, the guide leading the way told Zhang that he was standing at the top of the mountain. Zhang was first visually impaired person from Asia ever to conquer the world’s highest peak.
On the rock face of the mountain, Zhang etched his name alongside that of Erik Weihenmayer and Andy Holzer, who completed the feat in 2001 and 2017 respectively. They are the only three blind mountaineers to have climbed Qomolangma.
58．Why did Chen decide to withdraw while letting Zhang finish the climb?(no more than 10 words)
________________
59．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)
________________
60．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? (no more than 10 words)
________________
61．What made Zhang different from other mountaineers who reached the summit of Qomolangma? (no more than 10 words)
________________
62．What’s your attitude towards the “mountain” in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
________________

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to? The answer is no.
The study included two parts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did, and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
63．Where were the two parts of the study carried out?
64．In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study?
65．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
66．If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly? Why or why not? （In about 40 words）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
How do you really know what career (职业) you want? You can do research and do personality tests but it’s still hard to really know for sure. For many jobs, as well, bosses are looking for people with work experience. You need to have a job to get experience but can’t get a job without experience.
So why not do some voluntary work? Yes, that means doing a job without pay. You can help people who are in need. You can find out more about careers and get experience. At the same time. you can meet people from different places.
The Chinese Government is a great supporter of voluntary work. It has helped set up more than 24.000 volunteer service cen tres where people can go to find out how they can help their community. Millions of people in China already do so. Here are some examples of how you can help:
Teach English in a rural (农村的) area. Believe it or not. teaching is also a great way of improving your English. You have to think about how to explain grammar and vocabulary, which makes you learn more. You’ll be helping people and finding out if you would like to be a teacher.
Do office work for a charity. You can get office experience and training on using computer software.
Help in a hospital. If you’re thinking about becoming a nurse or doctor, there’s no better way to find out what it’s like. You may find you are afraid of the sight of blood.
Protect the environment.The Chinese Government launched (发起) a “green movement” of young volunteers, named Protect the Mother River. Young volunteers have been planting trees to fight against desertification and water pollution in important sections along the Yellow River.
67．Why can it be difficult for people to find jobs after they graduate according to the passage?
68．Why do we say the Chinese Government is a great supporter of voluntary work?
69．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, so people who do voluntary work can earn a lot of money from it.
70．The passage introduces some examples of voluntary work. If you have a chance, what voluntary work do you want to do most? Give your reasons.(In about 40 words)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
71．What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore?
72．What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children?
73．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
74．List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)

阅读下面小说片段，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
The change in Kate was obvious to all, but no one understood it. Prim and Celia were sure Kate’s unhappiness was due to disappointment. Prim assured her that Hugh would give in to their arguments and take her into town, but Kate no longer wanted to go. After her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets, society parties had gone quite out of her head.
Kate couldn’t bear for her little sister to find out that they weren’t really family, so she said nothing about what she had learned, and she tried to keep up a cheerful appearance. But keeping a secret from loved ones is a heavy burden, and now she was keeping two secrets. Her nightmares were wearing out her, and her worried sister’s constant questions were upsetting her. Prim noticed the pale cheeks and the dark shadows under her niece’s eyes. Lips tight, she called the doctor, but neither he nor Prim could find anything wrong. Between them, they dosed Kate with a variety of strong and well - meaning remedies that did no good at all.
The weather changed with the approaching end of summer, and clouds gathered over the Hill. One breathless afternoon nothing could bring relief to spirit or body. A gray haze hung in the air, too diffuse to be called clouds, but too thick to be called anything else. The sun shone through it as a brilliant white spot, and not a whisper of wind stirred. As evening came, no thunder rumbled in the hills, and no breeze sprang up to fan their clammy cheeks. The sun was leaving without a blaze of color. The thick haze just seemed to swallow it.
“Please, Aunt Prim, let us walk up in the hills and see if we can’t find some cool wind somewhere,” Kate begged. “I promise we’ll come back before it gets dark.” Her aunt knew better than to let her go. Storms were sure to follow a day like this, even if they were taking their time building. But at last she gave consent, with all the conditions hat approaching storms and nightfall demanded. They were to stay out of the woods, watch the sky, and come back at the first sign of bad weather.
75．Why didn’t Kate want to go to the town?
76．What does the underlined phrase “wearing out” possibly mean?
77．Under what condition did Aunt Prim agree to let Kate and Emily explore the hills?

阅读下面的短篇故事，根据内容回答问题。
In the northern part of Austin there once dwelt an honest family by the name of Smothers. The family consisted of John Smothers, his wife, himself, their little daughter, five years of age, and her parents, making six people toward the population of the city when counted for a special write-up, but only three by actual count.
One night after supper the little girl was seized with a severe colic, and John Smothers hurried down town to get some medicine.
He never came back. The little girl recovered and in time grew up to womanhood. The mother grieved very much over her husband’s disappearance, and it was nearly three months before she married again, and moved to San Antonio. The little girl also married in time, and after a few years had rolled around, she also had a little girl five years of age. She still lived in the same house where they dwelt when her father had left and never returned.
One night by a remarkable coincidence her little girl was taken with cramp colic on the anniversary of the disappearance of John Smothers, who would now have been her grandfather if he had been alive and had a steady job.
“I will go downtown and get some medicine for her,” said John Smith (for it was none other than he whom she had married).
“No, no, dear John,” cried his wife. “You, too, might disappear forever, and then forget to come back.”
So John Smith did not go, and together they sat by the bedside of little Pansy, After a while, Pansy seemed to grow worse, and John Smith again attempted to go for medicine, but his wife would not let him. Suddenly the door opened, and an old man, stooped and bent, with long white hair, entered the room.
“Hello, here is grandpa,” said Pansy, She had recognized him before any of the others.
The old man drew a bottle of medicine from his pocket and gave Pansy a spoonful. She got well immediately.
“I was a little late,” said John Smothers, “as I waited for a streetcar.”
78．According to the first paragraph, how many people were there in the Smothers’ family?
79．What happened to his wife and daughter after John Smothers disappeared?
80．What is your understanding of “John Smother’s disappearing for medicine and his returning with the medicine years later”?

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It started with a wild claim: On February 10, the pull of gravity on Earth would change, allowing a broom(扫帚) to stay balanced when you stood it upright. Within hours, people all over social media were taking the broomstick challenge. On TikTok alone,videos of it have been viewed tens of millions of times.
But the challenge turned out to be based on a hoax(恶作剧). Brooms can really stand upright on any day of the year.
The broomstick challenge is pretty harmless, but experts say it’s just one example of a more serious problem on social media: misinformation. Every day, countless bits of misinformation are shared on social media.
Often people spread hoaxes for fun or to get likes or shares. But other times, misinformation is about important topics that people are passionate about, like the environment or politics. Experts say false information is most effective in stirring up people's emotions---whether it arouses laughter, sadness, or anger.
“If a post or picture or video makes viewers feel very strongly, they are more likely to share it,” says Sienra Filucci of Common Sense Media, an organization that aims to help kids spot false information online. “And the more a video or post has been liked or shared, the more likely others are to believe it--- and to share it without checking the facts.”
You may not realize it, but you can play a part in keeping bad information from spreading out of control. Experts say the best way to do that is to be more skeptical about what you see online.
“If something seems really strange or really funny or too good to be true, your first step should be to evaluate it," explains Filucci.
Use reliable(可靠的) sources, such as trusted news websites or .gov sites, to confirm what you’re seeing.Then if you still can’t tell if something is true, follow Filucci’s simple advice: Don't share it.
81．What did the broomstick challenge turn out?
82．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Every day a large amount of misinformation is shared on social media, but we can do nothing about it.
83．Please give suggestions on how we can prevent misleading information spreading.(about 40 words)

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practicing their language skills and learning more about new cultures. Traditional pen pals were the primary source for such contacts, and students could write each other letters. With the Internet, finding friends has become much easier, and such relationships are called key pals.
However, care and consideration should be given when finding friends on the Internet:
◎Search the Internet for reputable(有信誉的) services. Look for reviews of such sites to learn more about other students’ experiences. Don’t join a service until you have done your research.
◎Check to see if you can use a nickname, instead of ________, to protect your identity.
◎Never give personal information to anyone, including your home address, phone number, and birthday.
◎Stop contact with others if you feel uncomfortable with the topics of conversation. Again, if you protect your identity, this will be easier to do. Tell your teachers, parents, or even local law enforcement if problems arise.
◎Try to use the language you are studying in the classroom in your communication with others.
◎Ask appropriate questions that will also help you learn about other cultures. Remember that someone’s personal experience might help you to understand a whole culture. You have to talk to many different people, and this will get you started.
84．Please give this passage a proper title. (Please answer within 10 words)
________________
85．Please fill in the blank with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words)
________________
86．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? (Please answer within 20 words)
Pen friends used to write letters to keep in touch with each other.
________________
87．Why do many students want to find friends on the Internet?(Please answer within 15 words.)
________________
88．What would you like to do if you had a bit of a problem with your key pals? (Please answer within 10 words)
________________










参考答案：
1．It has a large population and inadequate medical facilities.
Or: It has a large population and lacks medical care. 2．The hardships Boubacar encountered while studying TCM at university.
Or:He encountered many challenges when studying TCM at university. 3．(That)the similarities between TCM and traditional. 4．To treat people in Africa cheaply and effectively.
Or: To treat African patients cheaply and effectively. 5．Open(I think his work is meaningful and worthwhile,because he uses what he has learned in China to help more patients.)

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Diarra Boubacar在中国学习中医以及救治病人的过程经历。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Boubacar grew up in a small town in south-central Mali, a country in West Africa, which finds it challenging to provide affordable healthcare to its 19 million people.( Boubacar在马里中南部的一个小镇长大。马里是西非国家，在这个国家为1900万人口提供负担得起的医疗服务是一个挑战)”，可知，Boubacar的家乡人口众多，并且医疗资源不足。故答案为It has a large population and inadequate medical facilities. Or: It has a large population and lacks medical care.
2．考查主旨大意。根据第四段“Since TCM is also related to Chinese history and culture, students have to study ancient Chinese literature as most of the medical texts were written in ancient Chinese characters. “That’s a subject even the Chinese find difficult; so think of me, a foreigner!” he said(由于中医也与中国的历史和文化有关，学生必须学习中国古代文学，因为大多数医学文献都是用古代汉字写的。这是一个连中国人都觉得困难的话题，所以你想想我吧，一个外国人！”他说)”可知，对于外国人Boubacar来说，学习中医还意味着要学习中国文化和历史，这对中国人来说都很难。由此可知，本段讲述Boubacar学习TCM时遇到了巨大的挑战。故答案为The hardships Boubacar encountered while studying TCM at university. Or: He encountered many challenges when studying TCM at university.
3．考查细节理解。根据第五段“What inspired him to continue were the similarities between TCM and traditional African medicine(激励他继续学习的是TCM和非洲传统医学之间的相似性)”可知，TCM与非洲传统医学之间的相似性激励了他继续学习。故答案为(That)the similarities between TCM and traditional.
4．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“If they learn TCM, they will be able to treat people in Africa in a very cheap and effective way(如果他们学习TCM，他们将能够以一种非常廉价和有效的方式治疗非洲人)”可知，Boubacar想让非洲人学习TCM是为了，让他们能够以廉价且有效的方式治疗非洲人。故答案为To treat people in Africa cheaply and effectively. Or: To treat African patients cheaply and effectively.
5．开放题。根据第八段“Besides his work in a private hospital, Boubacar has also been helping patients in remote villages in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. A major part of his work was treating leprosy (麻风病) patients.(除了在一家私立医院工作，Boubacar还一直在帮助四川和云南偏远村庄的病人。他的工作是治疗麻风病患者)”，以及“I want to build not only a hospital but also an educational center where people can come and learn about Chinese medicine,” he said. After 10 years, his dream is becoming a reality(我不仅想建一所医院，还想建一个教育中心，人们可以来这里学习中医。10年后，他的梦想正在成为现实)”可知，Boubacar一直致力于帮助人们学习中医，救治偏远地区病人，。由此可知Boubacar的工作是非常有意义的，因为在他的努力下，很多人得到了帮助。故答案为I think his work is meaningful and worthwhile, because he uses what he has learned in China to help more patients.
6．Because they were not “ problem ” students. 7．Because they were all excellent. 8．Describing. 9．To tell him he was chosen by the school. 10．I want to say to them: thank you for your help and recognition, which gives me the confidence to succeed.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在被学校选为加拿大最大奖学金的提名人。他从来没想到老师对他的评价这么高。虽然最终落选，但发自内心对他们的认可和帮助表示感激。
6．考查推理判断。根据第一段的“It was pretty strange because none of us were “ problem ” students.  (这很奇怪，因为我们都不是‘问题’学生)”推知，作者对被叫去办公室感到吃惊是因为他们不是问题学生。故填：Because they were not “ problem ” students.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“It was a very strange moment; I never realized I was that excellent. She said, since we all had a similar high average, she would talk to our teachers to see who was the most deserving. (这是一个非常奇怪的时刻；我从没意识到自己这么优秀。她说，因为我们的平均成绩都差不多高，她会和我们的老师谈谈，看看谁最应该得到这个奖)”可知，因为这6个学生都同样优秀，所以学校要从他们中进行选择。故填：Because they were all excellent.
8．考查词句猜测。根据划线词下文“living in the big city, having finished my degree, doing what I loved every day. (住在大城市，拿到学位，每天做自己喜欢的事情)”可知，作者描述了自己未来的生活。由此推知depicting意为“描述”，与describe同义。故填：Describing.
9．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的“About a week later, I got called back to her office, only me. I didn’t want to be overexcited because maybe she was being personal, telling me I wasn’t chosen. She told me I was the one picked. (大约一周后，我被叫回她的办公室，只有我一个人。我不想过于兴奋，因为她可能是出于个人原因，告诉我我没有被选中。她告诉我我是被选中的人)”可知，顾问再次叫作者去办公室是为了告诉他他被学校选中了。故填：To tell him he was chosen by the school.
10．开放性问题。结合文章主旨，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：I want to say to them: thank you for your help and recognition, which gives me the confidence to succeed.
11．She calculated precise tracks for spaceships/astronauts to land on the moon and return to Earth. 12．Her sex and being a black woman.或 Being a black woman.或That she was a black woman. 13．NASA dedicated a building in her honor. 14．A time when women did all calculation.或 A time when calculation was done by women. 15．I’m convinced that knowledge is powerful enough to wipe out ignorance.或I think we should never be limited by the labels attached by others.

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国登月的幕后功臣：101岁的传奇女数学家凯瑟琳•约翰逊的传奇人生。
11．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, let it return to Earth.(享年101岁的Mrs. Johnson于周一逝世，她在1969年计算了能让阿波罗11号着陆于月球以及返回地球的精确轨迹)”可知，作为美国宇航局的数学家，她计算了阿波罗着陆于月球和返回地球的精确轨迹，故答案为：She calculated precise tracks for spaceships/astronauts to land on the moon and return to Earth。
12．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double separation (隔离): They were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who in turn were separated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.(但让她长期默默无闻的不仅仅是她的性别。在本世纪中叶的一些年里，黑人女性受到了双重隔离：她们与更大的白人女性群体分开，而白人女性又与该机构的男性数学家和工程师分开)”可知，在美国宇航局，Mrs. Johnson想要获得一席之地，她必须要打破性别和种族歧视两大障碍，故答案为：Her sex and being a black woman.或 Being a black woman.或That she was a black woman。
13．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor.(2017年，美国宇航员为了纪念她，修建了一栋建筑楼)”可知，美国宇航局为了纪念Mrs. Johnson的成就，修了一栋楼，故答案为：NASA dedicated a building in her honor。
14．考查词句猜测。根据文章最后一段“As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley — from 1953 until her retirement in 1986 — was ‘a time when computers wore skirts.’(正如Mrs. Johnson她自己所喜欢的那个说法一样，她在Langley的那段时期是“电脑穿上裙子的时期”)”可知，从1953年到1986年间，Mrs. Johnson冲破障碍，为女性数学家在宇航局获得了一席之地，故此处的“a time when computers wore skirts”是指在这一时期，宇航局相关的计算都是由女性主导的，其中“skirts”就是指“女性”，故答案为：A time when women did all calculation. 或 A time when calculation was done by women。
15．开放性问题，言之成理皆可。全文主要简述了101岁的传奇女数学家凯瑟琳约翰逊冲破性别和种族歧视，为女性在美国宇航局赢得了相应的地位，故从她的事例，我们可以得出“我们可以通过知识的力量来抹去一切歧视”，或者“我们不应该被传统的标签所束缚，要敢于挑战”，故答案为：I’m convinced that knowledge is powerful enough to wipe out ignorance.或I think we should never be limited by the labels attached by others。
16．Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal. 17．Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success. 18．Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly. 19．In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了餐桌礼仪及其重要性。
16．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“They show the way people behave while eating a meal.(它们展示了人们吃饭时的行为方式。)”可知，餐桌礼仪是人们吃饭时的行为方式。故答案为Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.
17．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. (餐桌礼仪很重要。它们是你性格的反映。这是对他人的尊重。当你和别人在一个社会环境中，你想要体谅你周围的人。餐桌礼仪也意味着你获得社交成功的“门票”。)”可知，餐桌礼仪很重要，因为餐桌礼仪可以反映出人的性格，比如尊重和体贴他人，他们也可以导致人们的社会成功。故答案为Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.
18．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. (他说：“你必须邀请你的长辈开始吃饭，或者说，‘我们正在吃饭’，这样长辈就会说，‘开始吧’。”这是对老人的尊重。)”可知，如果他们的长辈说“开始吧”，年轻一代可以在长辈之前开始吃东西。所以他们在得到老人的允许后开始吃东西是可以接受的。故答案为>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.
According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.
19．开放题。要求考生陈述自己家中的餐桌礼仪，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.
20．He lived alone and nobody watched out for/looked after/took care of/cared for him.
或：He lived alone with nobody watching out for/looking after/taking care of/caring for him.
或：Nobody watched out for/looked after/took care of him.
或：Nobody helped him when he had problems/nobody helped him when he was in need.
21．Her father sends her an e-mail every morning to tell her what he did.
或：She knows what he did /his everyday activities from his e-mail sent every morning. 22．Because she knows that her father lives a full life/an active life.
或：Her father enjoys his colorful life.
或：Her father has his own social circle/social life.
或：Her father has a lot of things/interesting things to do /is not lonely at all. 23．Developed/Created/Produced. 24．He is humorous. Because he said he was climbing Mount Washington when working on a hooked rug with mountain scene .
或： He is a man full of love. Because he closes every e-mail with “All my love, Dad”.
或：He is clever and keeps up with development. Because he is still able to manage computers and the Internet at his age.

【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲去世后，作者和妹妹因为担心父亲一个人生活，而让父亲每天给她们发邮件来确定平安。而这些邮件增进了他们之间的感情。
20．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When my mother passed away a few years ago, my 85-year-old father was left alone in the large house they had shared for 50 years. Without her to watch out for him, he worried about who would find him and help if “something happened.”(几年前，我母亲去世了，我85岁的父亲独自留在他们共同居住了50年的大房子里。没有她照顾他，他担心如果“发生了什么事”，谁会找到他并帮助他。)”可知，作者对父亲的担忧是父亲一个人生活没有人可以照顾他。而且作者还担心万一有事发生，没有人帮助他。故答案为He lived alone and nobody watched out for/looked after/took care of/cared for him. 或：He lived alone with nobody watching out for/looking after/taking care of/caring for him. 或：Nobody watched out for/looked after/took care of him. 或：Nobody helped him when he had problems/nobody helped him when he was in need.
21．考查推理判断。根据第三段“He’s usually up at dawn, and his half a dozen or so sentences are waiting in my inbox when I wake up.(他通常在黎明就起床了，当我醒来时，他的半打左右的邮件或者说句子就在我的收件箱里等着我。)”以及第四段“The reports have become more than a daily check, though: They’re a diary of sorts, a stimulation for more extended conversations, and a source of insight into his life. Through them, Dad tells us about his daily routines.(不过，这些报告已经不仅仅是每天的检查：它们是某种日记，是对更深入对话的激励，也是对他生活的洞察。通过它们，爸爸告诉我们他的日常生活。)”可推断，作者是通过爸爸每天早晨发来的邮件来了解爸爸的日常生活。故答案为：Her father sends her an e-mail every morning to tell her what he did.或：She knows what he did/his everyday activities from his e-mail sent every morning.
22．考查细节理解。根据第四段“I find his repeated activities — current-events discussion group on Tuesday nights, Chess Club on Wednesday afternoons, and coffee with friends on Sunday morning — reassuring (使人放心的).(我发现他重复的活动——周二晚上时事讨论小组，周三下午国际象棋俱乐部，周日早上和朋友喝咖啡——让我感到安心。)”可知，作者之所以感到安心，是因为作者知道自己的爸爸过着多姿多彩的生活，或者是因为作者知道自己的爸爸有事可做，并不孤单。故答案为：She knows that her father lives a full life/an active life.或：Her father enjoys his colorful life. 或：Her father has his own social circle/social life. 或：Her father has a lot of things/interesting things to do /is not lonely at all.
23．考查词义猜测。根据第六段划线词上文“Now that she is gone, he shares those feelings and his experiences with us. (现在她走了，他和我们分享他的感受和他的经历。)”可知，作者的爸爸每天和作者分享他的经历。结合常识可猜测，这样的分享最终可以发展或产生他们之间的亲密关系。所以spawned为“产生、发展”之意。故答案为：Developed/Created/Produced.
24．考查推理判断。根据第五段“Recently he told us, “I’ve climbed halfway up Mount Washington!” Given his age and distance from New Hampshire, such a hike was unlikely. I was confused for a day or two until he reminded me he was working on a hooked rug with a scene of the mountain.(最近他告诉我们：“我已经爬上了华盛顿山的半山腰!”考虑到他的年龄和距离新罕布什尔州的距离，这样的远足是不可能的。我困惑了一两天，直到他提醒我，他正在制作一张带有山景的钩形地毯。)”可知，作者的爸爸是个幽默的人。根据第六段“Each e-mail closes with “All my love, Dad.”(每封电子邮件的结尾都是“爱你的，爸爸。”)”可知，作者的爸爸是个有爱的人。根据最后一段“I’m grateful my father is still able to manage his computer and the Internet.(我很感激我的父亲仍然能够管理他的电脑和互联网。)”可知，作者的爸爸是个聪明的人，因为爸爸这么大年纪还能用电脑。故答案为：He is humorous. Because he said he was climbing Mount Washington when working on a hooked rug with mountain scene .或：He is a man full of love. Because he closes every e-mail with “All my love, Dad”.或：He is clever and keeps up with development. Because he is still able to manage computers and the Internet at his age.
25．She used to feel annoyed. 26．She has a positive attitude and loves singing. 27．Zoe was no longer singing like she normally did. 28．Zoe usually sings all the time and provided the music for us. 29．Singing out loud simply means sharing their happiness with the world.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我曾经不太喜欢听陌生人大声唱歌，但在喜欢唱歌的女儿佐伊一次病重后，几个星期她都不曾唱过歌，我才发现，原来唱歌是一种表达快乐的方式，我再也不讨厌陌生人唱歌给自己听。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Whenever I heard strangers singing out loud, whether it was in the supermarket or on the street, I used to think how annoying it was.（每当我听见陌生人大声唱歌,无论是在超市还是在大街上,我曾经认为是多么恼人的事情。）”可知，当作者听到陌生人唱歌时，她过去常常感到很恼火。故答案为She used to feel annoyed.
26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“No matter how sick she got, however, she always had a positive attitude.（然而，无论她病得多厉害，她总是有一个积极的态度。）”和第五段第二句“Zoe usually sang all the time, whether she was playing, riding in the car, or just doing her homework.（佐伊通常会一直唱歌，无论是在演奏、开车还是做作业。）”可推知，佐伊应该是一个热爱唱歌且态度积极的人。故答案为She had a positive attitude and loves singing.
27．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段第一句“But this was different: Zoe was no longer singing like she normally did.（但这次不同了：佐伊不再像往常那样唱歌了。）”和第六段“Consumed (被折磨) with my motherly worries, it was more concerning to me than her sickness.（我满脑子都是母亲般的忧虑，这比她的病更让我担心。）”结合语境可知，it指的是作为母亲的我对佐伊的担忧和忧虑，即佐伊不再像往常那样唱歌了。故答案为Zoe was no longer singing like she normally did.
28．细节理解题。根据文章第五段二、三句“Zoe usually sang all the time, whether she was playing, riding in the car, or just doing her homework. There was no need for a radio in our house; Zoe provided the music for us.（佐伊通常会一直唱歌，无论是在演奏、开车还是做作业。我们家不需要收音机：佐伊为我们提供了音乐。）”可知，作者说家里不需要收音机是因为佐伊通常会一直唱歌，为我们提供音乐。故答案为Zoe usually sang all the time and provided the music for us.
29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Instead, I smile, as I know that by singing out loud, they’re simply sharing their happiness with the world.（相反，我微笑着，因为我知道，通过大声唱歌，他们只是在与世界分享他们的快乐。）”可知，作者认为，对于人们来说，大声唱歌是为了与世界分享他们的快乐。故答案为Singing out loud simply means sharing their happiness with the world.
30．mechanical equipment 31．Hi-tech equipment (window-cleaning carousels), soapy water and ropes. 32．In order to get the Burj Khalifa shining for the coming opening ceremony. 33．It takes them 3 months from top to bottom. 34．Dangerous and exhausting. Because Burj Khalifa is so high that the cleaners climb ladders and work with ropes.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清洁Burj Khalifa的窗户给清洁公司带来的难度。
30．考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“Dale Harding, the general manager of window cleaning company, said the firm installed ￡5 million of hi-tech equipment (戴尔·哈丁，窗户清洁公司的总经理，说该公司安装了价值￡500万的高科技设备)”可知，窗户清洁公司安装了高科技设备，其中包括独特的窗户清理carousels。由此可知，carousels指的是高科技设备。故填：mechanical equipment。
31．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Twelve machines weighing 13 tons carry up to 36 cleaners, who use ordinary soapy water to wash down the Burj’s 24,830 reflective windows in a process that takes three months from top to bottom. (12台重13吨的机器可搭乘多达36名清洁工，他们使用普通肥皂水冲洗Burj的24830扇反光窗，整个过程自上而下需要三个月)”和第四段的“As the building swayed about you were just left bouncing around on all your ropes. (当建筑摇晃时，你只能在绳子上晃来晃去)”可知，清洁Burj Khalifa的反光窗户时，清洁工们用高科技机器（window-cleaning carousels），肥皂水和绳子。故填：Hi-tech equipment (window-cleaning carousels), soapy water and ropes.
32．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Mr. Harding said the company, based in Melbourne, Australia, had been working overtime to get the Burj shining for Monday’s grand opening ceremony. (哈丁说，这家总部位于澳大利亚墨尔本的公司一直在加班加点地工作，以便让迪拜塔在周一的盛大开业典礼上闪闪发光)”可知，清洁公司一直加班清洁Burj Khalifa是为了让它在周一即将来临的开业典礼上闪闪发光。故填：In order to get the Burj Khalifa shining for the coming opening ceremony.
33．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Twelve machines weighing 13 tons carry up to 36 cleaners, who use ordinary soapy water to wash down the Burj’s 24,830 reflective windows in a process that takes three months from top to bottom. (12台重13吨的机器可携带多达36名清洁工，他们使用普通肥皂水冲洗Burj的24830扇反光窗，整个过程自上而下需要三个月)”可知，清洗所有窗户花了工人们三个月。故填：It takes them 3 months from top to bottom.
34．开放性题目。根据第一段的“Soaring 2,717ft into the air above Dubai and with 1,292,500 sq ft of glass to keep clean, the ￡1 billion Burj Khalifa presented a unique problem for maintenance teams.(高2717英尺，有1292500平方英尺的玻璃需要保持清洁，￡10亿哈利法塔对维护团队提出了一个独特的问题)”和最后一段的“The work, which took more than one month from the start of last August, was so tiring that the team named themselves the “Men Of Steel”.  (这项工作从去年8月开始，花了一个多月的时间，太累了，团队称自己为“钢铁之人”)”以及“We would abseil (沿绳下滑) about 200ft down. As the building swayed about you were just left bouncing around on all your ropes. It was totally exhausting because you were up and down ladders all day.(我们将沿绳索下降约200英尺。当建筑摇晃时，你只能在绳子上晃来晃去。这让人筋疲力尽，因为你整天都在爬梯子)”可知，清洗窗户的工作既危险又累人，因为Burj Khalifa非常高，工人们需要爬梯子，身上系着绳索工作。故填：Dangerous and exhausting. Because Burj Khalifa is so high that the cleaners climb ladders and work with ropes.
35．One particular blue flower. 36．She didn’t want to get her clothes dirty. 37．The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them. The author didn’t lack time, but didn’t make good use of time to create good memories. 38．Keep in touch with friends or relatives and regularly meet them, care about them. It’s important to show your kindness to them because it is the connection that keep us associated. Don’t wait for the loss of someone close to you to regret it.

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者每天上班的高速公路上，一种特别的蓝色花朵特别吸引人，但是作者并没有花时间去把花种到自己的花园里，最后花被移除了，作者非常后悔。这也不禁让作者想到了这些漂亮的蓝色花朵与自己丈夫的姐姐和他们之间的关系之间的联系。
35．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye. I’ve noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours, the afternoon sun is too warm for it.(有一种特别的蓝色花朵一直吸引着我的目光。我注意到它只在早上开花，下午的阳光对它来说太温暖了)”可知，在作者每天上班的高速公路上，一种特别的蓝色花朵吸引了她的眼球。故答案为One particular blue flower.
36．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Gee, I don’t want to get my good clothes dirty(哎呀，我可不想把我的好衣服弄脏)”可知，作者不能得到花是因为不想弄脏衣服。故答案为She didn’t want to get her clothes dirty.
37．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中“She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately, because of age and distance, we haven’t been as close as we all would have liked.(她比我丈夫大20岁，不幸的是，由于年龄和距离的关系，我们并没有像我们希望的那样亲密)”以及倒数第二段中“I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.(我相信上帝已经给了我们一些时间来种植一些美好的回忆，这些回忆每年都会为我们绽放)”可知，错误的部分是“God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us”，作者不是没有时间，而是没有好好利用时间去创造美好的回忆。故答案为The author was saddened not only because the flowers were all gone but also because she had no time to create wonderful memories between her husband’s sister and them. The author didn’t lack time, but didn’t make good use of time to create good memories.
38．开放性题目。题干：请给出一些如何与朋友或亲戚发展良好关系的建议。可回答：与亲友保持联系，定期见面，关心他们。向他们展示你的善意是很重要的，因为这是保持我们联系的纽带。不要等到失去了你亲近的人才去后悔。故答案为Keep in touch with friends or relatives and regularly meet them, care about them. It’s important to show your kindness to them because it is the connection that keep us associated. Don’t wait for the loss of someone close to you to regret it.
39．Because their parents expected them to learn from real life. 40．The two brothers still loved traveling very much.
Or: The two brothers were still both passionate travelers. 41．They established schools and provided educational, medical and food support for kids.
Or: They helped children by building kids’ campuses and offering medical and food support. 42．Offering long-lasting value to the needed area.
Or: Building lasting projects that support communities for the years ahead. 43．They’re kind/helpful because they did voluntary charity work to help those in need.
Or: They’re kind/helpful because they devoted themselves to building kids’ campuses.

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在海啸中失去了父母，后来作者和哥哥一起周游世界去旅行，去做志愿者，成立了Gandys并建了学校。
39．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Three years before the tsunami, our parents said we were to be removed from our structured school system in England and enrolled in what they believed to be the best education form: the university of life.(海啸发生的三年前，我们的父母说，我们将从英国结构化的学校体系中脱离出来，进入他们认为最好的教育形式:生活大学。)”可推断出，作者和他的兄弟被从英国结构化的学校系统中脱离出来，是因为他们的父母希望他们从现实生活中学习。故答案为Because their parents expected them to learn from real life.。
40．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“often set off separately on our own adventures(我们经常各自出发去冒险)”可知，作者和哥哥仍然很喜欢去旅游，因此划线部分的意思是“两兄弟仍然非常喜欢旅行”，故答案为The two brothers still loved traveling very much. Or: The two brothers were still both passionate travelers.。
41．细节理解题。根据第四段的“we designed a range of clothing and accessories, with a part of the profits from each sale going towards helping children around the world by building Kids’ campuses and offering support including education, medication and healthy food.(在Brixton的卧室里，我们设计了一系列服装和配饰，每笔销售的部分利润将用于帮助世界各地的儿童，建设儿童校园，提供包括教育、药物和健康食品在内的支持。)”可知，这两兄弟拿Gandys的一部分利润来建立学校，为儿童提供教育、医疗和粮食支助。故答案为They established schools and provided educational, medical and food support for kids. Or: They helped children by building kids’ campuses and offering medical and food support.。
42．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“That’s why we feel it’s important to build lasting projects which support communities for the years ahead.(这就是为什么我们觉得建立持久的项目很重要，这些项目在未来几年支持社区。)”可知，这两兄弟认为最重要的是建立持久的项目，在未来几年支持社区，或者为需要的区域提供长期的价值，故答案为Offering long-lasting value to the needed area. Or: Building lasting projects that support communities for the years ahead.。
43．推理判断题。通读全文后我觉得这两兄弟很善良，乐于助人，因为他们自愿做慈善工作来帮助那些需要帮助的人。故答案为They’re kind/helpful because they did voluntary charity work to help those in need. Or: They’re kind/helpful because they devoted themselves to building kids’ campuses.。
44．They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable. 45．Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class. 46．To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more. 47．With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导致许多学生在线学习时分心的原因。
44．考查细节理解。根据第二段“To overcome this challenge, students are encouraged to put all devices out of sight while working and build a solid timetable.(为了克服这一挑战，学生们被鼓励在学习时将所有设备放在看不见的地方，并制定一个可靠的时间表。)”可知，学生在线学习时，可以把所有设备都放在视线之外，并制定一个可靠的时间表，以克服数码技术造成的分心。故答案为They can put all devices out of sight while studying and build a solid timetable.
45．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Likewise, kitchens raise even more problems! Thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause a student to miss part of the class.(同样，厨房也会带来更多的问题！经常想着食物可能会干扰学习或导致学生错过部分课程。)”可知，厨房会给在家里学习的学生带来问题，因为经常想着食物会干扰学习或导致他们错过部分课程。故答案为Because thinking about food frequently can disturb studying or cause them to miss part of the class.
46．考查细节理解。根据第三段“In addition to electronic devices, background noises can be a huge obstacle when it comes to online learning. In fact, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.(除了电子设备之外，背景噪音也是在线学习的巨大障碍。事实上，坐在静默环境中往往更突出背景噪音。)”可知，静默环境会更突出背景噪音，所以为了避免受到背景噪音的影响，学生们不能坐在静默环境中。故答案为To avoid being disturbed by background noises, students could sit in a silent environment or wear a pair of headphones.
According to the passage, sitting in a silent environment often emphasizes background noises even more.
47．开放性题目。通过在线学习，我可以更灵活地重新安排课程和完成任务。它也让我能够按照自己的节奏学习。例如，我可以在合适的时候启动和暂停视频，以确保我真正掌握了材料。故答案为With online learning, I enjoy more flexibility in rearranging courses and completing tasks. It also allows me to learn at my own pace. For instance, I can start and pause the video when it suits me to ensure that I’ve really mastered the material.
48．Girls. 49．Obvious. / Serious. 50．They will have a harder work to do. 51．According to their bedtime. 52．I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。
48．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found. (研究人员发现，每晚在不同的时间上床睡觉对女孩的影响比男孩更大，但男孩和女孩在脑力任务上都比固定就寝时间的孩子更糟糕。)”可知，不规律的睡觉时间对女孩的影响大于男孩，故答案为Girls。
49．考查词义猜测。根据第二段“Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information. (科学家表示，缺乏惯例可能会通过扰乱生物钟或通过剥夺睡眠来削弱早期发育，这会影响大脑记忆和学习新信息的能力。)”可知，睡觉时间不规律对3岁的孩子有明显的，严重的影响。故推知striking表示“明显的，不寻常的”，故答案为Obvious. / Serious。
50．考查细节理解。根据第三段““If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. (研究人员之一的Amanda Sacker说：“如果一个孩子在很小的时候就寝时间不规律，他们就不会在那个年龄综合周围的所有信息；当他们长大后，他们工作起来会更难”。)”可知，Amanda Sacker认为小时候就寝时间不规律，长大成年后，他们工作起来会更难，故答案为They will have a harder work to do。
51．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group. (参加MCS的父母被问及他们的孩子在工作日是否按时上床睡觉。在Sacker的研究中，那些回答“总是”或“通常”的人被安排在常规的就寝组，而那些回答“有时”或“从不”的人被放在不规则的就寝时间组中。)”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员根据他们的就寝时间对参与者进行分组。故答案为According to their bedtime。
52．考查开放性试题。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。故答案为I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it。
53．Because he had his right ankle hurt badly.
Or: Because of osteoarthritis in his right ankle.
Or: Because he suffered from osteoarthritis in his right ankle. 54．To take a walk with his wife. 55．Severe / Serious / Bad. 56．Satisfaction. 57．I should take care of them, give them encouragement and offer them words of comfort.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了82岁的英国男子尼尔·沙特尔沃斯(Neil Shuttleworth)由于右脚踝骨关节炎几乎无法行走。幸运的是，他得到了一个由防弹背心材料制成的人造脚踝并且手术结果令人满意。
53．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Neil Shuttleworth, an 82-year-old English man, was hardly able to walk because of osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) in his right ankle.(82岁的英国男子尼尔·沙特尔沃斯(Neil Shuttleworth)由于右脚踝骨关节炎几乎无法行走。)”可知，Neil不能行走是因为他的右脚踝伤得很严重。故答案是：Because he had his right ankle hurt badly. Or: Because of osteoarthritis in his right ankle. Or: Because he suffered from osteoarthritis in his right ankle。
54．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“When he finally chose to have the operation, he said it was because he had just one strong desire: to walk hand-in-hand with Christine, his wife of 34 years.(当他最终选择做手术时，他说这是因为他只有一个强烈的愿望:和结婚34年的妻子克里斯汀手牵手走在一起。)”可知，他希望和妻子一起散步。故答案是：To take a walk with his wife。
55．考查词句猜测。根据上文“After he stepped into the hole, which was several inches deep, he said he could not walk more than a few hundred yards(当他踏进这个只有几英寸深的洞后，他说他最多只能走几百码)”可知，他最多只能走几百码，因为他的脚踝疼得太厉害了。Excruciating意为“极痛苦的”。故答案是：Severe / Serious / Bad。
56．考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段““The results of Neil’s operation are impressive and there is at least an 80 to 90% chance the ankle replacement will survive for 10 to 15years,” said Professor Nick Harris, who performed the operation.( “尼尔手术的结果令人印象深刻，这个踝关节置换器至少有80%到90%的机会使用10到15年，”进行手术的尼克·哈里斯教授说。)”可知，Nick Harris教授对手术结果感到满意。故答案是：Satisfaction。
57．考查开放性试题。如果我的家庭成员生病了，我应该照顾他们，给他们鼓励，给他们安慰的话。因为来自家人的鼓励和照顾能有效地促进他们的恢复。故答案是：I should take care of them, give them encouragement and offer them words of comfort. Because encouragement and care from family members can effectively facilitate their recovery。
58．Because there was not enough oxygen. 59．The wind was too strong to hear the instructions. 60．Chen pushed Zhang to reach the top of Qomolangma. 61．That he was the first visually impaired person from Asia. 62．I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张宏在导游陈涛的带领下，成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰的事情。
58．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Based on the oxygen they had consumed, they might not have enough to reach the summit of Qomolangma.(根据他们消耗的氧气，他们可能没有足够的氧气到达珠峰顶峰)”可知，陈决定退出，让张完成攀登是因为他们可能没有足够的氧气到达珠峰顶峰。故答案为Because there was not enough oxygen..
59．考查词句猜测。根据第三段中“The wind was strong, and Zhang was terrified. (风很大，张吓坏了)”以及画线词“their English instructions to Zhang were muffled by the high wind”可知，风很大，他们对张的英语指导被大风盖住了。可知，画线部分的意思是“风太大了，听不到指示”。故答案为The wind was too strong to hear the instructions.
60．考查主旨大意。根据第五段“At first, Zhang didn’t want to continue. But Chen told Zhang “if you don’t continue, this may be the last chance you have to reach the top of Qomolangma, while I will still have more chances”. There was no time left for 46-year-old Zhang to argue with Chen and Chen gave Zhang a gentle nudge to hurry him on.(一开始，张不想继续。但陈告诉张：“如果你不继续，这可能是你登上珠峰的最后一次机会，而我还有更多的机会。”46岁的张没有时间和陈争辩，陈轻轻地推了张一下，催他快点)”可知，第五段的主旨是陈催促张登上珠穆朗玛峰。故答案为Chen pushed Zhang to reach the top of Qomolangma.
61．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Zhang was first visually impaired person from Asia ever to conquer the world’s highest peak. (张是第一位征服世界最高峰的亚洲视障人士)”可知，张与其他登顶珠峰的人的不同在于张是第一位征服世界最高峰的亚洲视障人士。故答案为That he was the first visually impaired person from Asia.
62．开放性题目。题干：你对生活中的“山”是什么态度？请解释一下。可回答：我会努力达到我的目标，因为我想要过一种激动人心的生活。故答案为I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
63．Online and in a lab. 64．By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk. 65．It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking. 66．If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others' feelings.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。
63．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“The first part was an online survey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab (第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Online and in a lab.
64．考查细节理解。根据文章第七段最后一句“Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
65．考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend. It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
66．本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others’ feelings.
67．Because bosses want to look for people with work experience. 68．Because the Chinese Government has helped set up more than 24,000 volunteer service centres where people can go to find out how they can help their community. 69．Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, so people who do voluntary work can earn a lot of money from it.
Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, but people who do voluntary work can’t earn money from it because doing voluntary work means doing a job without pay. 70．If I have a chance, I want to teach English in a rural area. Reasons are as follows. First, English teachers are in need there. Secondly, English is my major. I believe that I can get the grammar and vocabulary across to the children. Last but not least, I can improve my English through teaching.


【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个尴尬的现象：你需要工作了才能获得工作经验，但是企业招工想找的是有经验的人，为了解决这个问题，建议人们可以先当志愿者，如去农村支教、为慈善机构做办公室工作、去医院帮忙、参加环保组织等志愿者活动，以获得工作经验。
67．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“For many jobs, as well, bosses are looking for people with work experience. You need to have a job to get experience but can't get a job without experience.(对于很多工作来说，老板也在寻找有工作经验的人。你需要有工作才能获得经验，但是没有经验就找不到工作)”可知，企业需要有经验的人，而大学刚毕业的人还没工作过，所以没有工作经验，故答案是：Because bosses want to look for people with work experience.
68．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“It has helped set up more than 24.000 volunteer service cen tres where people can go to find out how they can help their community. (它帮助建立了24000多个志愿者服务中心，人们可以去那里了解如何帮助他们的社区)”可知，中国政府大力支持志愿者项目，故答案是：Because the Chinese Government has helped set up more than 24,000 volunteer service centres where people can go to find out how they can help their community.
69．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Yes, that means doing a job without pay.(是的，那意味着做一份没有报酬的工作)”可知，志愿者工作使没有报酬的，所以所给句子的后半句是错的，需要划线，Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, so people who do voluntary work can earn a lot of money from it. Doing voluntary work can bring benefits to our society, but people who do voluntary work can’t earn money from it because doing voluntary work means doing a job without pay.
70．开放性试题。If I have a chance, I want to teach English in a rural area. Reasona are as follows. First, English teachers are in need there. Secondly, English is my major, I believe that I can get the grammar and vocabulary across to the children.Last but not least, I can improve my English through teaching.
71．Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. 72．It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. 73．Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. 74．I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
71．考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
72．考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
73．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
74．开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
75．Because her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets.
76．Exhausting. 77．Kate and Emily agreed to stay out of the woods, watch the sky, and come back at the first sign of bad weather.


【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，叙述了Kate为保守妹妹和自己不是一家人这一秘密的经历。
75．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Prim assured her that Hugh would give in to their arguments and take her into town, but Kate no longer wanted to go. After her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets, society parties had gone quite out of her head.”（普里姆向她保证，Hugh 会屈服于他们的争吵，带她去城里，但凯特再也不想去了。她的监护人泄露了她生活中可怕的秘密后，她就完全忘记了社交聚会。）可知，凯特不想去城里是因为她的监护人泄露了她生活中可怕的秘密。故答案为Because her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets.
76．考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段“Kate couldn’t bear for her little sister to find out that they weren’t really family, so she said nothing about what she had learned, and she tried to keep up a cheerful appearance. But keeping a secret from loved ones is a heavy burden, and now she was keeping two secrets.”（凯特无法忍受她的小妹妹发现他们并不是真正的家人，所以她对自己知道的事情只字不提，并努力保持一副高兴的样子。但对所爱之人保守秘密是一个沉重的负担，现在她要保守两个秘密。）及“and her worried sister’s constant questions were upsetting her.”（她那忧心忡忡的妹妹不停地问问题，让她心烦意乱。）可知，由于要保守秘密，Kate承受很大压力，噩梦使她精疲力竭，问题让她心烦意乱。因此，wearing out表示“使筋疲力竭”，与exhausting同义。故答案为Exhausting.
77．考查细节理解。根据““I promise we’ll come back before it gets dark.” Her aunt knew better than to let her go.Storms were sure to follow a day like this, even if they were taking their time building. But at last she gave consent, with all the conditions that approaching storms and nightfall demanded. They were to stay out of the woods, watch the sky, and come back at the first sign of bad weather.”（“我保证天黑前我们会回来的。”她姨妈知道不该让她走。暴风雨一定会在这样的日子来临，即使它们需要花时间来建造。但最后她答应了，并答应了即将来临的暴风雨和夜幕所要求的一切条件。她们要远离树林，观察天空，一有坏天气的迹象就回来。）可知，姨妈知道暴风雨将要来临，在她们保证她们要远离树林，观察天空，一有坏天气的迹象就回来的条件下，她让她们去探索了小山。故答案为Kate and Emily agreed to stay out of the woods, watch the sky, and come back at the first sign of bad weather.
78．Three. 79．His wife married again and his daughter grew up, also married in time and had a little girl five years of age. 80．John Smothers disappeared because of some reason but finally he chose to get back to his family.

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了John Smothers多年前外出为女儿卖药，再也没有回来，多年后女儿也结婚了，生下了一个女儿某天也突发疾病，John Smothers却带着药回来了。
78．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“The family consisted of John Smothers, his wife, himself, their little daughter, five years of age, and her parents, making six people toward the population of the city when counted for a special write-up, but only three by actual count.(这家人包括John Smothers、他的妻子、他自己、他们五岁的小女儿和她的父母，在为专门的写法进行统计时，这六个人构成了这座城市的人口，但实际计算时只有三人)”可知，Smothers一家有三口人，John Smothers、他的妻子和他们的女儿。故答案为Three.
79．考查细节理解。根据第三段“He never came back. The little girl recovered and in time grew up to womanhood. The mother grieved very much over her husband’s disappearance, and it was nearly three months before she married again, and moved to San Antonio. The little girl also married in time, and after a few years had rolled around, she also had a little girl five years of age. She still lived in the same house where they dwelt when her father had left and never returned.(他再也没有回来。小女孩康复了，并逐渐长大成人。这位母亲对丈夫的失踪非常悲痛，过了将近三个月她才再婚，并搬到了圣安东尼奥。小女孩也适时地结了婚，过了几年，她又生了一个五岁的小女孩。 她仍然住在她父亲离开后再也没有回来时他们所住的房子里)”可知，John Smothers失踪后，他的妻子再婚，他的女儿长大了，也结了婚，有一个五岁的小女孩。故答案为His wife married again and his daughter grew up, also married in time and had a little girl five years of age.
80．开放性题目。我对“约翰·史摩德为了药而消失多年后又带着药回来”的理解是：约翰·斯莫瑟斯因为某种原因消失了，但最后他选择回到家人身边。故答案为John Smothers disappeared because of some reason but finally he chose to get back to his family.
81．A hoax. 82．Every day a large amount of misinformation is shared on social media, but we can do nothing about it. Because we can play a part in keeping these misinformation from spreading out of control。 83．To stop misinformation from spreading, we should doubt the information, evaluate it, use reliable sources, and do not share it when we are not sure if it is true.

【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了网站充斥着大量错误信息，并经常被失控传播，作者给出了如何处理这些错误信息的建议，在不确定的情况下不要分享。
81．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“But the challenge turned out to be based on a hoax(恶作剧).(但是这个挑战结果是一场恶作剧。 )”可知，扫帚挑战结果是一场恶作剧。故答案为A hoax。
82．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Every day, countless bits of misinformation are shared on social media.(每天，都有无数的错误信息在社交媒体上被分享。)”和倒数第三段的“You may not realize it, but you can play a part in keeping bad information from spreading out of control.( 你可能没有意识到这一点，但你可以在防止不良信息失控地传播方面发挥作用。)”可知，每天大量的错误信息被分享到社交媒体上，但是我们可以在防止这些信息传播方面发挥作用。故答案为Every day a large amount of misinformation is shared on social media, but we can do nothing about it. Because we can play a part in keeping these misinformation from spreading out of control。
83．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的“Experts say the best way to do that is to be more skeptical about what you see online.(专家表示，最好的方法是对你在网上看到的内容更加怀疑。)”,倒数第二段的“If something seems really strange or really funny or too good to be true, your first step should be to evaluate it(如果有些事情看起来很奇怪或很有趣，或者好得令人难以置信，你的第一步应该是评估它)”以及最后一段“Use reliable(可靠的) sources, such as trusted news websites or .gov sites, to confirm what you’re seeing.Then if you still can’t tell if something is true, follow Filucci’s simple advice: Don't share it.(使用可靠的消息来源，如可信的新闻网站或.gov网站，来确认你所看到的内容。然后，如果你仍然不知道某件事是否是真的，请遵循菲卢奇的简单建议：不要分享它。)”可知，为了阻止错误信息传播，我们应该对网上的信息表示怀疑，进行评估，使用可靠的消息来源，在不确定其是否真实时，不要分享。故答案为To stop misinformation from spreading, we should doubt the information, evaluate it, use reliable sources, and do not share it when we are not sure if it is true.
84．Finding friends on the Internet. 85．A/Your real name. 86．Traditional pen pals were the primary source for such contacts, and students could write each other letters. 87．They want to practice their language skills and learn more about other cultures. 88．I’d like to ask my teachers/parents/local law enforcement… for help.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的主要是如何在网络上找到朋友来学习语言和了解别国的文化。
84．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practising their language skills and learning more about new cultures. ”（许多学生想在网上结交朋友，以此来练习他们的语言技能和学习更多关于新文化的知识）可知，本文主要介绍的是如何在网络上找到朋友来学习语言技能，了解别国的文化。故Finding friends on the internet较为符合文章的含义，故答案为Finding friends on the Internet。
85．推理判断题。根据第四段“Check to see if you can use a nickname, instead of ___2_______,”说明所填之词与nickname是反义词；而nickname指外号，绰号；与之相反的就是真名。故答案为a/your real name。
86．推理判断题。句子“Pen friends used to write letters to keep in touch with each other.”意为“笔友过去常通过信件来保持联系。”那么本文第一段中的“Traditional pen pals were the primary source for such contacts, and students could write each other letters”（传统笔友是这种联系的主要来源，学生们可以互相写信）与之意义相符，故答案为Traditional pen pals were the primary source for such contacts and students could write each other letters。
87．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practising their language skills and learning more about new cultures.” 许多学生想在网上找朋友，以练习他们的语言技能和学习更多关于新文化的知识。说明很多人是想通过网络来练习语言技能并且多了解别国的文化。故答案为 they want to practise their language skills and learn more about other cultures.。
88．开放题。题干问如果你和你的网友有一点问题，你愿意做什么？可以围绕解决问题的角度回答。参考答案是向老师、父母或执法机关求助。故答案为I’d like to ask my teachers/parents/local law enforcement… for help.