初中英语之There be句型

01there be 句型基本认识1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There are two boysand a girl under the tree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。 02 there be 句型考点考点一：各种句型转化。1、变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.例如
There are some pictures on the wall.→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.2、变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。例如
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?3、特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。例如
There are many things over there.→What's over there? There is a little girl in theroom.→Who is in the room?对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。例如
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?对数量提问：般有两种句型结构： How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？考点二：there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时（there is/are）过去时(there was/were)将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)完成时(there have/has been)还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。例如：
--There ___ a concert this evening.--Yeah.Exciting news!  A. are going to be     B. is going to be      C. is going to have      D.will have  答案：B考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there?例如：
There is some milk in the bottle, ____? A．isn't there B．aren't there   C．isn't it    D．are there答案：A考点四：there be 句型的主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。例如
1.There___any rice in the bowl.A. are   B.is  C. isn’t  D. aren’t 2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.A. have been    B.were      C. are      D.is 考点五：there be 句型用的其他动词：there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。例如：
There ____ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黄冈)A. seems to be   B.  seem to be    C. is seeming to be  D. are剖析：根据就近原则，首先排除B、D，而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等，所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时，故C也不正确。注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 例如：
He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office.   办公室里有两个男人。（2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，Therebe 句型与其可互换。例如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。 03  There be 句型其他用法1、There be后接表示物的主语时，后面常接不定式作定语，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如
There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做（工作被做）。2、There be后接表示人或动物的主语时，后面常接V-ing形式作定语。例如
There are some children playing downstairs. 几个孩子在楼下玩呢。3、与其他词连用，构成复合谓语。例如：
There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有一场大雨。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战前这里有一个电影院。There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一个人从旁经过。4、There be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要，可用live, stand, remain等代替。例如：
There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什么事似的。There existed different opinions on this issue. 对这个问题曾有不同看法。There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩28英镑了。5、There be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应，而不是依据主语。例如：
There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有台收音机，是吗？There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河里没有鱼，是吧？