精品解析：江苏省常州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：江苏省常州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

常州市第一中学2022-2023学年度第二学期期末检测
高一英语试题
本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话、每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍
1. What does the man like best at the cafeteria?
A. Chicken sandwiches. B. Mushroom soup. C. Pizza.
2. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Read the newspaper. B. Take out the garbage. C. Put down a list of kitchen items.
3. At what time will the speakers meet?
A. 6:00 p.m. B. 7:00 p.m. C. 7:30 p.m.
4. What are the speakers referring to?
A. Decoration cloth. B. A suit. C. A tie.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Husband and wife. C. Brother and sister.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7 题.
6. Why does the man seem to weigh so much more?
A. The weighing machine is broken.
B. He is wearing a heavy coat.
C. He just came back from school.
7. What made the man feel guilty?
A. Going to Belgium without the woman.
B. Not exercising recently.
C. Having too much chocolate.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Jane’s father decided to do?
A. Learn a language. B. Change his job. C. Retire from work.
9. What did Jane’s father study at college?
A. Mathematics. B. French. C. Engineering.
10. What is Jane’s attitude toward her father’s decision?
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why did the accident happen?
A. The tire of the man’s bike was flat.
B. The man wasn’t paying attention.
C. The brakes of the man’s bike didn’t work.
12. Where was the man injured the worst?
A. His hands. B. His head. C. His knees.
13. How long will it take the man to recover probably?
A. A few days. B. A couple of weeks. C. A month.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What day is the rubbish collected?
A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday.
15. In which bag do old magazines go?
A. Red. B. Blue. C. Green.
16. What is the raw waste material used to produce warm jackets?
A. Paper. B. Plastic. C. General waste.
17. How do people deal with damaged things now according to the woman?
A. They repair them. B. They throw them away. C. They sell them.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did the accident happen?
A. Yesterday morning. B. Yesterday afternoon. C. Yesterday evening.
19. How was the shark killed?
A. It was hit to death. B. It was shot to death. C. It was wrestled to death.
20. What did the emergency team do?
A. They flew the boy to a hospital.
B. They started an operation right away.
C. They cut open the shark.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
BUILTBYYOU Challenge
In this post on our website of WiTech, we introduce some details about the BUILTBYYOU Challenge and why teens from around the world should join it!
BUILTBYYOU is an initiative that aims to encourage and expose more high school girls to careers in technology.
Read the write-up below from the BUILTBYYOU team to learn more about the challenge!
Who We’re Looking For
We’re looking for the next generation of 13-18 years old female startup founders and change-makers (you) who are building a mobile app, hardware device, robotics project, game, or something no one has invented yet. You can submit in up to teams of 4. Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea.
What You Could Win
You could win the opportunity to present your project in front of expert teenager judges, tech/VC moguls(大人物) and change makers during a live Presentation Day in San Francisco on September 1. Winners receive S10,000 in funding, mentorship and a booth at TechCrunch Disrupt to take their project to the next level.
The Founder of WiTehch
Audrey Pe is an incoming high school junior from the Philippines. Because current Philippine curriculum is lacking in computer science education, Audrey taught herself to program using available online resources. As she pursued her interest in a technology career, she found very little support and no female role models within the industry. While attending tech conferences Audrey met other girls with similar interests for the first time. At 15 she gathered a team of students and founded Women in Technology (WiTech). WiTech is a community organization that educates, inspires and empowers young girls to break barriers and use technology to make positive differences in society.
1. Which of the following is one of the factors that determine who can apply?
A. Nationality. B. Occupation. C. Gender. D. Character.
2. What will participants do?
A. Apply with their own projects. B. Submit their projects in September.
C. Present their project before tech moguls. D. Receive ten thousand dollars in funding.
3. What caused Audrey Pe to found WiTech?
A. Requests from other girls. B. The wish to support young females.
C. Lack of interest in school education. D. Inspiration from similar organizations.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了关于BUILTBYOU挑战赛的一些情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Who We’re Looking For部分“We’re looking for the next generation of 13-18 years old female startup founders and change-makers (you) who are building a mobile app, hardware device, robotics project, game, or something no one has invented yet. (我们正在寻找下一代13-18岁的女性创业创始人和变革推动者（你们），她们正在开发移动应用程序、硬件设备、机器人项目、游戏或其他尚未发明的东西。)”可知，性别是决定谁可以申请的因素之一。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Who We’re Looking For部分“Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea. (请随意应用您以前的技术经验中的项目，或者构建一个全新的想法。)”可知，参与者可以提交他们自己的想法。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Founder of WiTehch部分“WiTech is a community organization that educates, inspires and empowers young girls to break barriers and use technology to make positive differences in society. (WiTech是一个社区组织，旨在教育、激励和增强年轻女孩打破障碍，利用技术在社会中产生积极影响。)”可知，为了支持年轻女性的愿望，Audrey Pe建立了WiTech。故选B。
B
“Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer”, British doctors suggested last week. The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”
Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun”. The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
“Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small.” they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain’s Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50, 000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2, 000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal. The authority’s skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of “good health education””.
4. What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph?
A. They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun.
B. They agreed exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays accelerated people’s aging.
C. They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer.
D. They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people’s health.
5. What will the Bristol team support?
A. Children should cover up in the sunlight.
B. Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C. Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer.
D. People should currently spend more time in the sun.
6. What does the “good health education” in the last paragraph refer to?
A Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B. Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C. Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions.
D. Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
7. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. More people are dying from skin cancer.
B. Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C. Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children.
D. A study found sunshine has lots of benefits.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是，有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”可知，这四位研究人员认为暴露在阳光下可能对人们的健康有益。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”和第三段的“Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun”.(阳光对治疗某些皮肤状况也很有用，而且“躺在阳光下或坐在阳光下也有很好的感觉”。)”可知，布里斯托尔团队支持的是阳光有助于治疗一些皮肤问题。故选B。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”和最后一段的“We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of “good health education”(我们对这篇有争议的文章感到非常失望。它没有足够的支持证据，有可能使多年来的“良好健康教育”付之一流。)”可知，此处所说的“良好教育”指的是警告人们太多阳光的危害，故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响，也就是一项研究发现阳光有很多好处，故选D。
C
Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure.
Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.”
Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.
We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color.
After taking color variable into account it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few:
Red symbolizes love, energy, passion and danger. Red is also believed to increase one’s hunger, which might be the reason why McDonald’s and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color.
Brown, a color from nature, best represents things that are honest, trustworthy and dependable. It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS.
Blue-in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence. It’s no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color.
Green-another color from nature-represents health, growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks.
Pink symbolizes love, romance, innocence and femininity (女性特质). The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color.
If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments.
8. What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A. deeply investigate B. somewhat doubt
C. deeply believe D. still wish
9. What is the writer’s purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage?
A. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color.
B. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology.
C. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors.
D. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries.
10. We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life
B. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science
C. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world
D. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions
11. What would be the proper title for the passage?
A. The potential effects of color on our lives.
B. The positives and negatives of color psychology.
C. The foundation and function of color psychology.
D. The relationship between color and man Section
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了色彩对我们生活的潜在影响。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话“Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.”(色彩心理学被定义为“研究我们感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。”)”以及第三段“Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, fumiture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.(营销人员利用色彩科学来说服我们购买东西。室内设计师在选择油漆、烟熏和墙壁艺术时，会根据这样一种理论行事，即颜色会引起我们的某些感觉。牙医经常被建议在办公室墙上使用浅蓝色油漆，以帮助焦虑的患者平静下来)”可知，色彩心理学研究发现颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。营销人员，设计师和牙医等会用色彩心理学来影响顾客的一些决定，帮助患者平缓情绪。所以他们对色彩心里学深信不疑。所以swear by的意思为“深信不疑”。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. (不过，我们应该记住，只有考虑到文化偏好，我们才能完全理解色彩科学）”可知，作者用白色和黑色作为例子是为了提醒我们在学习色彩科学时应该考虑到文化因素。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. (如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响)”可推知，色彩心理学会影响我们的情绪和决定。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren't so sure.(你周围的颜色会影响你的感觉吗？你墙上和衣服上的颜色会影响你的心情吗？一些研究人员认为答案是决定性的肯定，而另一些人则不那么确定)”以及最后一段“If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments.(如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响。有了这些知识，我们可以有效地利用色彩力量来创造积极的学校、工作和家庭环境)”可知，本篇文介绍了色彩心理学，揭示了色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响。所以“色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响”适合作本篇文章的标题。故选A。
D
Coogle’s parent company is winding down a project that used high-lying balloons to provide Internet services to hard-to-reach areas of the world.
The project, known as Loon, started in 2011. It was managed by Alphabet Inc. It aimed to bring connectivity to areas of the world where ground-based cell towers (手机信号塔) were too expensive or too difficult to set up.
But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run, the project’ s leader, Alastair Westgarth, said in a blog post. “While we’ve found a number of willing partners along the way, we haven’t found a way to get the costs low enough to build a long-term, competitive business,” Westgarh said.
Loon’s shutdown isn’t surprising, economists said.
Loon’s technology sent gas-filled balloons the size of tennis courts into the air. They usually stay at heights of around 60,000 to 75,000 feet. There, onboard communications equipment sent Internet signals back down to earth. The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower. However, a carrier would need several balloons at once, each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.
Alphabet wasn’t alone in running projects aimed at offering Internet connection to hard-to-reach areas. Companies such as Amazon. com Inc. and Elon Musk’s SpaceX have been making efforts to provide Internet connection in such places, using satellites in near Earth orbit.
Over the last few years, Loon’s technology has proved successful in some suffering communities. In 2017, the project sent balloons into the skies above Puerto Rico after a terrible hurricane damaged the island’s communications facilities. Two years later, soon after a 7. 8 earthquake struck parts of Peru, Loon’s balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.
Rich Devaul, a founder of the project, said the need for mobile connectivity was rapidly rising recently. This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago, reducing the need for Loon, “The problem got solved faster than we thought,” he said in an interview.
12. Why is Alphabet shutting down Loon?
A. Many local communities disliked the project.
B. It was too costly to continue the project.
C. The technology was no longer advanced.
D. It was too difficult to sot up the systems,
13. How does the author introduce Loon’s technology in paragraph 5?
A. By describing difficulties in using it.
B. By providing research results about it.
C. By explaining is advantages and disadvantages.
D. By showing its differences from traditional ones.
14. What can we learn about the technology of Loon?
A. It helped areas hit by natural disasters.
B. It suited the need of developed countries,
C. It was unable to work in terrible weather.
D. It was less elective than traditional systen9.
15. What was unexpected for Rich Devaul?
A. Communications problems became worse.
B Cell towers became more economical in a short time.
C. Other companies would run similar projects
D. The Internet connections were getting faster.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一个利用高空气球为世界上难以到达的地区提供互联网服务的项目，这个项目因高昂的花费而正在被关闭。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run, the project’ s leader, Alastair Westgarth, said in a blog post.(Loon项目负责人阿拉斯泰尔·韦斯特加斯(Alastair Westgarth)在一篇博客文章中表示，Loon未能将成本降低到足以维持其商业模式的水平。)”可知，Alphabet关闭Loon是因为继续这个项目的花费太大了。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower. However, a carrier would need several balloons at once, each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.(该系统能够提供的移动覆盖范围比传统的地面发射塔大200倍。然而，一个载物架一次需要几个气球，每个气球花费数万美元，而且只能使用大约5个月。)”可知，本段是通过解释其优缺点来介绍Loon这项技术的。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2017, the project sent balloons into the skies above Puerto Rico after a terrible hurricane damaged the island’s communications facilities. Two years later, soon after a 7. 8 earthquake struck parts of Peru, Loon’s balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.(2017年，在一场可怕的飓风破坏了波多黎各的通讯设施后，该项目向波多黎各上空放飞了气球。两年后，一场7.8级的地震袭击秘鲁部分地区后不久，Loon的气球开始为当地人提供移动连接。)”可知，Loon技术帮助遭受自然灾害的地区。故选A项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago, reducing the need for Loon, ‘The problem got solved faster than we thought,’ he said in an interview.(这使得手机信号塔比他十年前预期的要更加划算，减少了对Loon的需求。‘问题解决得比我们想象的要快，’他在接受采访时说)”可知，令Rich Devaul意外的是手机信号塔在短时间内变得更加经济实惠。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees (山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.
There is something comforting to me in black-caps’ presence. ____16____ Sometimes they are the only birds I’ll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.
After I’d moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home’s back. ____17____ For each, the routine was similar: dashed in, looked around, pecked (啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way, By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.
Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I’d never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. ____18____
My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. ____19____ I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger. Purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who’d never been attracted by birds. Even more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.
____20____ They’ve reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven’t yet discovered or noticed?
A. Nature always amazed me in its own way.
B. Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.
C. Black-caps are a sign of good environment.
D. Within a day black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.
E. Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.
F. What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.
G. And much more often than not, they are heard before they’re seen.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. B 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对黑帽山雀的热爱。
【16题详解】
由空后的“Sometimes they are the only birds I’ll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.(有时，它们是我在当地森林散步时唯一能听到的鸟类，对我来说，没有它们，森林将是一个更加孤独的地方)”可知，它们的声音很容易被听到，G选项“And much more often than not, they are heard before they’re seen.(通常情况下，它们在被看到之前就被听到了)”说明了鸟的叫声很明显，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
空前说“After I’d moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home’s back.(在我搬进安克雷奇山坡上的一所房子后，我在家里的后面放了一个临时的喂食器)”，空格处应该说这些鸟就可以来吃东西了，D选项“Within a day, black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.(不到一天，黑帽山雀就接受了我的晚餐邀请)”说明了作者给鸟喂食，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
空前说“Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I’d never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area.(几天之内，一个全新的世界展现在我面前，我从未认识，或者想象到的森林邻居加入了我饲养的黑帽山雀：红胸金盏花，普通红尾莺……值得注意的是，所有这些物种都是安克雷奇地区的普通居民)”，空格处应该说作者以前是不知道有这些鸟的，B选项“Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.(然而在过去的几年里，我对此一无所知)”承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
空前说“My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me.(我对鸟类新发现的兴趣迅速增长，连我自己都感到惊讶)”，空后说“I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger.(我去书店寻找观鸟指南。兴奋地和一个陌生人交换鸟类的描述)”，因此空格处应该说作者对鸟的爱好日益增长，F选项“What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.(最初仅仅是好奇，后来发展成强烈的爱好)”说明了作者的爱好的增加，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
空后说“They’ve reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention.(它们提醒我，当我努力集中注意力时，我的世界可以扩大并变得丰富)”，空格处应该说黑帽山雀对作者的重要性，E选项“Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.(黑帽山雀占据着我的感情之巅的特殊地位)”说明了黑帽山雀的重要性，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分50分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Human beings have somehow managed to engineer the night to receive us by filling it with light. This kind of control is no different from the feat ( 壮 举 ) of damming a river. Its benefits come with____21____ — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. ____22____ lighting washes out the darkness of night, altering light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have____23____. Wherever man-made light spills into the natural world, some aspects of life-migration, reproduction, feeding-is affected.
For most human history, the phrase “light pollution” would have____24____. Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth’s most populous city. Nearly a million people lived there, ____25____ candles, torches and lanterns, as they always had. Only a few houses were lit by gas, and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years. From a few miles away, you would have been more likely to____26____ London than to see its dim collective glow.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were a(n) ____27____ country. As a matter of fact, among mammals (哺乳动物) alone, the number of species active at night is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being____28____ by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms, circling and circling in the thousands until they drop.
It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need a____29____ view of the night sky for our work. _____30_____, like most other creatures, we do need darkness. _____31_____ darkness is pointless. It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as_____32_____ itself; the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn’t operate as it should, causing various physical discomforts. So fundamental are the regular rhythms of waking and sleep to our being that_____33_____ them is similar to altering our center of gravity.
In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to_____34_____ our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best_____35_____ against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
21. A. consequences B. achievements C. agreements D. circumstances
22. A. Randomly-designed B. Well-designed C. Poorly-designed D. Economically-designed
23. A. appealed B. adapted C. objected D. amounted
24. A. come under criticism B. made no difference C. come into effect D. made no sense
25. A. making do with B. fed up with C. identifying with D. overflowing with
26. A. visit B. greet C. feel D. smell
27. A. independent B. disconnected C. unoccupied D. excluded
28. A. exposed B. captured C. dismissed D. frustrated
29. A. clear B. comprehensive C. traditional D. critical
30. A. Subsequently B. However C. Therefore D. Similarly
31. A. Reviewing B. Embracing C. Denying D. Regulating
32. A. light B. rhythm C. status D. dawn
33. A. emerging from B. withdrawing from C. messing with D. coinciding with
34. A. keep track of B. lose sight of C. catch hold of D. let go of
35. A. measured B. neutralized C. undergone D. supervised
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为人类照明导致的光污染相关情况。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的好处伴随着被称为光污染的后果，科学家们现在才开始研究光污染的影响。A. consequences结果；B. achievements成就；C. agreement同意；D. circumstances情况。根据下文“light pollution (光污染)”可知，这是人类黑夜使用灯光造成的结果。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A. Randomly-designed随意设计的；B. Well-designed好好设计的；C. Poorly-designed拙劣设计的；D. Economically-designed经济实惠设计的。根据上文“Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. (光污染在很大程度上是不良照明设计的结果)”可知，本文探讨的光污染与不良照明设计关系密切，即拙劣设计的照明。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。A. appealed呼吁；B. adapted使适应；C. objected反对；D. amounted共计。根据上文“altering light levels and light rhythms (改变光线水平和光线节奏)”可推测，发生改变的是大家习以为常的光线水平和节奏，而动词搭配adapt to意为“使适应”，此处表示人们以及适应的光线水平和节奏被改变，符合语境。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于大多数人类历史而言，“光污染”这一短语毫无意义。A. come under criticism遭受批评；B. made no difference没区别；C. come into effect生效；D. made no sense没意义。根据下文“Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth’s most populous city. (想象一下，大概在1800年，在一个月明的夜晚走向伦敦这个地球上人口最多的城市)”可知，人类历史上很长一段时间大家并没意识到光污染这件事情，因此“光污染”这一短语毫无意义。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：近一百万人住在那里，像往常一样，凑合着使用蜡烛、火把和灯笼。A. making do with凑合着用；B. fed up with使对……厌烦；C. identifying with认同；D. overflowing with充满。根据下文“Only a few houses were lit by gas (只有几所房子被煤气点亮)”可知，许多家庭无法使用煤气灯，凑合使用蜡烛等照明。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几英里之外，你更可能闻到伦敦的味道，而不是看到它暗淡的集体光芒。A. visit参观；B. greet打招呼；C. feel感受；D. smell闻。根据上文“candles, torches and lanterns (蜡烛、火把和灯笼)”和“gas (煤气)”可知，这些照明方式有很重的气味，可能先闻到气味才能看见灯光。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们点亮了夜晚，仿佛这是一个无人居住的国家。A. independent独立的；B. disconnected不连贯的；C. unoccupied空置的；D. excluded排除在外的。根据下文“Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. (光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们)”可知，因为照明的灯光，夜晚不再是原本意义上的夜晚，生物物种都被照明灯光吸引，不在身处黑夜，故可将这样的夜晚比喻成没有物种，空置的地方。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种效应是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，鸣禽和海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器所捕获，数千只在空中盘旋，直到坠落。A. exposed暴露；B. captured捕获；C. dismissed解雇；D. frustrated使受挫。根据上文“Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. (光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们)”可知，这些鸣禽海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器产生的灯光吸引，最终掉落，可以比喻为被捕获。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空。A. clear清楚的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. traditional传统的；D. critical批评的。根据上文“It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. (曾经有人认为光污染只会影响天文学家，他们需要看到夜空的明亮)”可知，此处把天文学家和大多数普通人作对比，天文学家需要清晰的夜空，而普通人不需要。故选A项。
30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，和大多数生物一样，我们的确需要黑暗。A. Subsequently随后；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need a clear view of the night sky for our work. (与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空)”可知，这与下文“我们的确需要黑暗”形成转折关系。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：否认黑暗是无意义的。A. Reviewing复习；B. Embracing拥抱；C. Denying否认；D. Regulating调节。根据下文“It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as light itself (它对维持我们的生物福利和光本身一样重要)”可知，此处it指代的“黑暗”本身对我们生物而言很重要，和光线一样必不可少，因此我们不能否认它。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它就像光本身一样，对维持我们的生物福利至关重要；改变我们体内生物钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适。A. light光；B. rhythm节奏；C. status身份；D. dawn黎明。根据上文“Denying darkness is pointless. (否认黑暗是无意义的)”可知，前后两句在对比黑暗和光线，二者一样重要，空格处应该填light“光”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：清醒和睡眠的规律对我们来说是如此的基本，以至于打乱它们就像改变我们的重心。A. emerging from来自；B. withdrawing from从……中退出；C. messing with打乱；D. coinciding with与……一致。根据上文“the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn’t operate as it should, causing various physical discomforts. (修改我们内部时钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适)”可知，修改内部时钟即意味着打乱清醒和睡眠的节奏。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。A. keep track of了解……的动态；B. lose sight of看不见；C. catch hold of抓住；D. let go of放开。根据下文“our true place in the universe (我们在宇宙中的真实位置)”可知，位置是需要用眼睛看的，而光污染使我们看不清天空，故也看不见我们在宇宙中的位置。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。A. measured衡量；B. neutralized使无效；C. undergone经受；D. supervised监督。根据上文“light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being (光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模)”可知，此处所提到的“我们在宇宙中的真实位置”以及“我们人类存在的规模”都是我们应该清楚的东西，而清楚的方式就是用黑夜来进行对比，词组measure against意为“使相比较，衡量”符合语境。故选A项。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Illegal ivory (象牙) hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya’s elephants. But now the giants of the animal kingdom ___36___(face) an even bigger risk: climate change.
In the past years, Kenyan ___37___(official) have cracked down on hunting, ___38___ has targeted giraffes for their meat, bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks. But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four decades, the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants ___39___ hunting. In Tsavo National Park much wildlife ___40___(flee) in recent years in search of water. To survive, elephants require vast landscapes for food. Adults can consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water ___41___ day. But rivers, soil and grassland are drying up, ___42___(result) in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year, at least 179 elephants have died of thirst, while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10, Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC. “It is a red alarm.” he said of the crisis. Balala suggested that ___43___ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that ___44___(environment) issues have been ignored. “We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity ____45____(manage) and ecosystems,” he said. “Something must be done to deal with climate change.”
【答案】36. are facing
37. officials
38. which 39. than
40. has fled
41 a 42. resulting
43. so 44. environmental
45. management
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述以前非法猎杀对大象构成严重威胁，但是现在气候变化给大象带来更大的危险。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：但现在，动物王国的巨人们正面临着更大的风险：气候变化。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语now可知应用现在进行时，主语the giants，谓语用复数形式，故填are facing。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。设空处为主语，应用名词，根据后面谓语have cracked down，可知主语应用复数形式，故填officials。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词hunting，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：但随着肯尼亚与40年来最严重的干旱作斗争，这场危机杀死的大象数量是狩猎的20倍。根据前面的20 times more elephants可知前后是比较，应该用介词than，故填than。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：在察沃国家公园，许多野生动物近年来为了寻找水源而逃离。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知应用现在完成时，主语是much wildlife，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has fled。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：成年大象每天可以消耗300磅的食物和超过50加仑的水。根据句意可知设空处意思为“每，一”，可以用不定冠词，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，河流、土壤和草地正在干涸，导致了恶劣和致命的环境。设空处为非谓语，和句子的主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填resulting。
【43题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。分析可知本句为结果状语从句，用so/such…that…连接，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后面一般接形容词或副词，such后面一般接名词，设空处后面是名词，但是有much修饰，所以应用so，故填so。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词，故填environmental。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们忘记了投资于生物多样性管理和生态系统，”他说。设空处是宾语，应用名词形式，故填management。
第三节单句语填(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
46. Remember to take your valuable ______(belong) when you get off the bus.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】belongings
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：下车时记得拿好贵重物品。此处作宾语，表示“财物”应用名词belongings，故填belongings。
47. She remained ______(oppose) to her son’s plan to join the chorus. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】opposed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她仍然反对儿子参加合唱团的计划。此处作表语，应用形容词opposed。故填opposed。
48. Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and a packed lunch ______(consist) of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】consisting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校为学生提供早餐、晚餐和包括三明治、饮料和甜点的盒装午餐。分析句子结构可知，consist of为非谓语动词短语，无被动形式，主动表被动，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
49. Long ______(expose) to the sun makes it possible for you to develop skin cancer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exposure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下有可能使你患上皮肤癌。此处作主语，应用名词exposure“暴露”，抽象名词，不可数。故填exposure。
50. Today’s complex buildings require close teamwork between each of the ______(architecture) and the builders. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】architects
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：今天的复杂建筑需要建筑师和建造者之间紧密的团队合作。提示词与名词builders是并列关系，根据句意，此处表示“建筑师”，用名词architect作宾语，architect是可数名词，each of后面用复数名词。故填architects。
51. After several failures, the team wound up ______(emphasis) the importance of research. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】emphasizing##emphasising
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：在经历了几次失败之后，这个团队最终强调了研究的重要性。wind up doing sth最终做某事，固定短语，emphasis是名词，动词形式是emphasize/emphasise，此处用动名词形式，故填emphasizing/emphasising。
52. The success of that play is not only down to the ______(adapt) but also to actors’ and actresses’ performance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】adaptation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：那出戏的成功不仅要归功于改编，而且要归功于男女演员的表演。作介词的宾语应用名词adaptation，此处为特指应用单数。故填adaptation。
53. Born to a poverty ______(strike) family, she dragged herself out of the gutter to become one of the wealthiest people in Britain today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stricken
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她出生在一个极度贫困的家庭，但她努力摆脱贫困，成为当今英国最富有的人之一。提示词作定语修饰名词family，用形容词stricken，意为“受……的；受……之困的”；stricken常用于构成复合形容词，poverty-stricken“为贫穷所困恼的，非常贫穷的”。故填stricken。
54. It’s amazing that the boy can swim across the river ______(measure) 100 meters wide. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】measuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这男孩能游过那条宽100米的河，真是令人惊奇。“(measure) 100 meters wide.”作后置定语，修饰名词river，动词measure“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”应用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the river之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填measuring。
55. A fifth year of drought is expected to have ______(dramatically) effects on the California economy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dramatic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：连续第五年的干旱预计将对加州经济产生巨大影响。修饰后文名词effects应用形容词dramatic，作定语。故填dramatic。
第四节 书面表达(满分20分)
56. 假如你是李华，你刚刚参观了你市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”的展览，请为你校英文报写一则评论，内容包括：
1.展览概况；
2.观展感受(印象深刻的画家，作品或流派)；
3.意见建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.为使行文连贯，可以适当增加细节。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Last Saturday, I just visited an exhibition titled “Meeting Artists” held by our city’s museum. The exhibition attracted many masters and amateurs at home and abroad. Many artworks including Chinese handwriting and landscape paintings from ancient and modern times were on show. The host explained every work in details on the spot. The exhibition left a deep impression on me. In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well. I hope there will be more activities like this in the future.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。假如你是李华，你刚刚参观了你市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”的展览，请为你校英文报写一则评论。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参观：visit→pay a visit to
解释：explain→illustrate
促进：promote→boost
加强：strengthen→enhence
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last Saturday, I just visited an exhibition titled “Meeting Artists” held by our city’s museum.
拓展句：Last Saturday, I just visited an exhibition titled “Meeting Artists”, which was held by our city’s museum.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well. (运用了not only…but also…句型)
[高分句型2] I hope there will be more activities like this in the future. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
听力答案：1-20CBAAB BCAAC BAACC BBCBA