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2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共26页。
2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点高一（下）期末英语试卷
A
BUILTBYYOU Challenge
In this post on our website of WiTech, we introduce some details about the BUILTBYYOU Challenge and why teens from around the world should join it!
BUILTBYYOU is an initiative that aims to encourage and expose more high school girls to careers in technology.
Read the write-up below from the BUILTBYYOU team to learn more about the challenge!
Who We're Looking For
We're looking for the next generation of 13-18 years old female startup founders and change-makers (you) who are building a mobile app, hardware device, robotics project, game, or something no one has invented yet. You can submit in up to teams of 4. Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea.
What You Could Win
You could win the opportunity to present your project in front of expert teenager judges, tech/VC moguls (大人物) and change makers during a live Presentation Day in San Francisco on September 1. Winners receive ＄10,000 in funding, mentorship and a booth at TechCrunch Disrupt to take their project to the next level.
The Founder of WiTech
Audrey Pe is an incoming high school junior from the Philippines. Because current Philippine curriculum is lacking in computer science education, Audrey taught herself to program using available online resources. As she pursued her interest in a technology career, she found very little support and no female role models within the industry. While attending tech conferences Audrey met other girls with similar interests for the first time. At 15 she gathered a team of students and founded Women in Technology (WiTech). WiTech is a community organization that educates, inspires and empowers young girls to break barriers and use technology to make positive differences in society.
1. Which of the following is one of the factors that determine who can apply?
A. Nationality. B. Occupation. C. Gender. D. Character.
2. What will participants do？
A. Apply with their own projects.
B. Submit their projects in September.
C. Present their project before tech moguls.
D. Receive ten thousand dollars in funding.
3. What caused Audrey Pe to found WiTech?
A. Requests from other girls.
B. The wish to support young females.
C. Lack of interest in school education.
D. Inspiration from similar organizations.
B
"Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer", British doctors suggested last week. The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, "There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."
Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun". The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
"Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small." they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain's Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal.
The authority's skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, "We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education".
4. What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph?
A. They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun.
B. They agreed exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays accelerated people's aging.
C. They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer.
D. They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people's health.
5. What will the Bristol team support?
A. Children should cover up in the sunlight.
B. Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C. Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer.
D. People should currently spend more time in the sun.
6. What does the "good health education" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B. Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C. Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions.
D. Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
7. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. More people are dying from skin cancer.
B. Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C. Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children.
D. A study found sunshine has lots of benefits.
C
Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel？Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods？Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes，while others aren't so sure.
Yet many marketers，interior designers，medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology.Color psychology is defined as "the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings."
Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things.When choosing paint，furniture and wall art，interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us.Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.
We should keep in mind，though，that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color.For instance，in the West，white is for brides and black is for funerals.But in ancient Asia，white was sometimes worn for funerals.In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States，it represents happiness.Additionally，many variables including gender，age，background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color.
After taking color variable into account it's safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings.Here are just a few：
Red symbolizes love，energy，passion and danger.Red is also believed to increase one's hunger，which might be the reason why MeDonald's and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color.
Brown，a color from nature，best represents things that are honest，trustworthy and dependable.It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS.
Blue -in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence.It's no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color.
Green-another color from nature -represents health，growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks.
Pink symbolizes love，romance，innocence and femininity（女性特质）.The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color.
If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us.With this knowledge，we can effectively harness （驾驭）color power to create positive school，work and home environments.
8. What does the phrase swear by in the second paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. deeply believe. B. somewhat doubt.
C. deeply investigate. D. still wish.
9. What is the writer's purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage？ ______
A. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology.
B. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors.
C. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries.
D. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color.
10. We can conclude from the passage that ______ .
A. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions
B. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life
C. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science
D. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world
11. What would be the proper title for the passage？ ______
A. The positives and negatives of color psychology.
B. The foundation and function of color psychology.
C. The potential effects of color on our lives.
D. The relationship between color and man Section.
D
Google's parent company is winding down a project that used high-lying balloons to provide Internet services to hard-to-reach areas of the world.
The project，known as Loon，started in 2011.It was managed by Alphabet Inc.It aimed to bring connectivity to areas of the world where ground-based cell towers（手机信号塔） were too expensive or too difficult to set up.
But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run，the project's leader，Alastair Westgarth，said in a blog post."While we've found a number of willing partners along the way，we haven't found a way to get the costs low enough to build a long-term，competitive business，"Westgarh said.
Loon's shutdown isn't surprising，economists said.
Loon's technology sent gas-filled balloons the size of tennis courts into the air.They usually stay at heights of around 60，000 to 75，000 feet.There，onboard communications equipment sent Internet signals back down to earth.The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower.However，a carrier would need several balloons at once，each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.
Alphabet wasn't alone in running projects aimed at offering Internet connection to hard-to-reach areas.Companies such as Amazon.com Inc.and Elon Musk's SpaceX have been making efforts to provide Internet connection in such places，using satellites in near Earth orbit.
Over the last few years，Loon's technology has proved successful in some suffering hurricane damaged the island's communications facilities.Two years later，soon after a 7.8 earthquake struck parts of Peru，Loon's balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.
Rich Devaul，a founder of the project，said the need for mobile connectivity was rapidly rising recently.This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago.reducing the need for Loon，"The problem got solved faster than we thought，"he said in an interview.
12. Why is Alphabet shutting down Loon？ ______
A. Many local communities disliked the project.
B. It was too costly to continue the project.
C. The technology was no longer advanced.
D. It was too difficult to set up the systems.
13. How does the author introduce Loon's technology in paragraph 5？ ______
A. By explaining its advantages and disadvantages.
B. By describing difficulties in using it.
C. By providing research results about it.
D. By showing its differences from traditional ones.
14. What can we learn about the technology of Loon？ ______
A. It suited the need of developed countries，
B. It was unable to work in terrible weather.
C. It helped areas hit by natural disasters.
D. It was less elective than traditional systems.
15. What was unexpected for Rich Devaul？ ______
A. Communications problems became worse.
B. Cell towers became more economical in a short time.
C. Other companies would run similar projects
D. The Internet connections were getting faster.
E
There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees (山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.
There is something comforting to me in black-caps' presence. (16) Sometimes they are the only birds I'll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.
After I'd moved into a house on Anchorage's Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home's back. (17) For each, the routine was similar：dashed in, looked around, pecked(啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way, By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.
Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I'd never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. (18)
My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. (19) I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger. Purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who'd never been attracted by birds. Even more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.
(20) They've reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven't yet discovered or noticed?
A. Nature always amazed me in its own way.
B. Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.
C. Black-caps are a sign of good environment.
D. Within a day, black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.
E. Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.
F. What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.
G. And much more often than not, they are heard before they're seen.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Human beings have somehow managed to engineer the night to receive us by filling it with light.This kind of control is no different from the feat （壮举） of damming a river.Its benefits come with（1） ______ — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. （2） ______ lighting washes out the darkness of night，altering light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have（3） ______ .Wherever man-made light spills into the natural world，some aspects of life-migration，reproduction，feeding-is affected.
For most human history，the phrase "light pollution" would have（4） ______ .Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800，when it was Earth's most populous city.Nearly a million people lived there，（ 5） ______ candles，torches and lanterns，as they always had.Only a few houses were lit by gas，and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years.From a few miles away，you would have been more likely to（6） ______ London than to see its dim collective glow.
We've lit up the night as if it were a（n）（ 7） ______ country.As a matter of fact，among mammals （哺乳动物） alone，the number of species active at night is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being（8） ______ by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms，circling and circling in the thousands until they drop.
It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers，who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity.Unlike astronomers，most of us may not need a（9） ______ view of the night sky for our work. （10） ______ ，like most other creatures，we do need darkness. （11） ______ darkness is pointless.It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as（12） ______ itself；the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn't operate as it should，causing various physical discomforts.So fundamental are the regular rhythms of waking and sleep to our being that（13） ______ them is similar to altering our center of gravity.
In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to（14） ______ our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best（15） ______ against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
21. A. consequences B. achievements C. agreements D. circumstances
22. A. Randomly-designed B. Well-designed
C. Poorly-designed D. Economically-designed
23. A. appealed B. adapted C. objected D. amounted
24. A. come under criticism B. made no difference
C. come into effect D. made no sense
25. A. making do with B. fed up with
C. identifying with D. overflowing with
26. A. visit B. greet C. feel D. smell
27. A. independent B. disconnected C. unoccupied D. excluded
28. A. exposed B. captured C. dismissed D. frustrated
29. A. clear B. comprehensive C. traditional D. critical
30. A. Subsequently B. However C. Therefore D. Similarly
31. A. Reviewing B. Embracing C. Denying D. Regulating
32. A. light B. rhythm C. status D. dawn
33. A. emerging from B. withdrawing from
C. messing with D. coinciding with
34. A. keep track of B. lose sight of C. catch hold of D. let go of
35. A. measured B. neutralized C. undergone D. supervised
36. Illegal ivory （象牙） hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya's elephants.But now the giants of the animal kingdom （1） ______ （face） an even bigger risk：climate change.
In the past years，Kenyan （2） ______ （official） have cracked down on hunting，（ 3） ______ has targeted giraffes for their meat，bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks.But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four decades，the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants （4） ______ hunting.In Tsavo National Park much wildlife （5） ______ （flee） in recent years in search of water.To survive，elephants require vast landscapes for food.Adults can consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water （6） ______ day.But rivers，soil and grassland are drying up，（ 7） ______ （result） in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year，at least 179 elephants have died of thirst，while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10，Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC. "It is a red alarm." he said of the crisis.Balala suggested that （8） ______ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that （9） ______ （environment） issues have been ignored. "We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity （10） ______ （manage） and ecosystems，" he said. "Something must be done to deal with climate change."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. Remember to take your valuable ______ （ belong） when you get off the bus.
38. She remained ______ （ oppose） to her son's plan to join the chorus.（词汇复现）
39. Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and a packed lunch ______ （ consist） of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.
40. Long ______ （ expose） to the sun make it possible for you to develop skin cancer.
41. Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between each of the ______ （ architecture） and the builders.
42. After several failures，the team wound up ______ （ emphasis） the importance of research.
43. The success of that play is not only down to the ______ （ adapt） but also to actors ' and actresses' performance.
44. Born to a poverty ______ （ strike） family，she dragged herself out of the gutter to become one of the wealthiest people in Britain today.
45. It is amazing that the little boy can swim across the river _____ (measure) 100 meters long.
46. A fifth year of drought is expected to have ______ （ dramatically） effects on the California economy.
47. 假如你是李华，你刚刚参观了你市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”的展览，请为你校英文报写一则评论，内容包括：
（1）展览概况；
（2）观展感受；
（3）意见建议。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）为使行文连贯，可以适当增加细节。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了关于BUILTBYOU挑战赛的一些情况。
1.
根据Who We're Looking For部分dWe're looking for the next generation...or something no one has invented yet. (我们正在寻找下一代13-18岁的女性创业创始人和变革推动者（你们），她们正在开发移动应用程序、硬件设备、机器人项目、游戏或其他尚未发明的东西。)可知，性别是决定谁可以申请的因素之一。故选C。
2.
根据Who We're Looking For部分的Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea. (请随意应用您以前的技术经验中的项目，或者构建一个全新的想法。)可知，参与者可以提交他们自己的想法。故选A。
3.
根据The Founder of WiTehch部分的WiTech is a community organization...to make positive differences in society. (WiTech是一个社区组织，旨在教育、激励和增强年轻女孩打破障碍，利用技术在社会中产生积极影响。)可知，为了支持年轻女性的愿望，Audrey Pe建立了WiTech。故选B。
4~7.【答案】D、B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是，有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。
1. 根据第一段中的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.（布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。）”可知，这四位研究人员认为暴露在阳光下可能对人们的健康有益。故选D。
2.
根据第一段中的“But in the British Medical Journal...negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”（但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”）和第三段的Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun".（阳光对治疗某些皮肤状况也很有用，而且“躺在阳光下或坐在阳光下也有很好的感觉”。）可知，布里斯托尔团队支持的是阳光有助于治疗一些皮肤问题。故选B。
3.
根据第一段中的The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.（布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。）和最后一段中的We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education".（我们对这篇有争议的文章感到非常失望。它没有足够的支持证据，有可能使多年来的“良好健康教育”付之一流。）可知，此处所说的“良好教育”指的是警告人们太多阳光的危害。故选A。
4.
通读全文，尤其是第一段中的But in the British Medical Journal...the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”（但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”）可知，本文主要讲的是有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响，也就是一项研究发现阳光有很多好处，故选D。
8~11.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）短语猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话Color psychology is defined as "the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings."（色彩心理学被定义为"研究我们感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。"）以及第三段Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things.When choosing paint，furniture and wall art，interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us.Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.（营销人员利用色彩科学来说服我们购买东西。室内设计师在选择油漆、烟熏和墙壁艺术时，会根据这样一种理论行事，即颜色会引起我们的某些感觉。牙医经常被建议在办公室墙上使用浅蓝色油漆，以帮助焦虑的患者平静下来）可知，色彩心理学研究发现颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。营销人员，设计师和牙医等会用色彩心理学来影响顾客的一些决定，帮助患者平缓情绪。所以他们对色彩心里学深信不疑。所以swear by的意思为"深信不疑"。故选A
（2）目的意图题。根据第四段第一句话We should keep in mind，though，that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. （不过，我们应该记住，只有考虑到文化偏好，我们才能完全理解色彩科学）可知，作者用白色和黑色作为例子是为了提醒我们在学习色彩科学时应该考虑到文化因素。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. （如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响）可推知，色彩心理学会影响我们的情绪和决定。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。根据第一段Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel？Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods？Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes，while others aren't so sure.（你周围的颜色会影响你的感觉吗？你墙上和衣服上的颜色会影响你的心情吗？一些研究人员认为答案是决定性的肯定，而另一些人则不那么确定）以及最后一段If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us.With this knowledge，we can effectively harness （驾驭）color power to create positive school，work and home environments.（如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响。有了这些知识，我们可以有效地利用色彩力量来创造积极的学校、工作和家庭环境）可知，本篇文介绍了色彩心理学，揭示了色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响。所以"色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响"适合作本篇文章的标题。A．The positives and negatives of color psychology.色彩心理学的积极和消极；B．The foundation and function of color psychology.色彩心理学的基础和作用；C．The potential effects of color on our lives.颜色对我们生活的潜在影响；D．The relationship between color and man Section.色彩与人体的关系。故选C。
这是一篇说说明文。文章主要介绍了色彩对我们生活的潜在影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run，the project' s leader，Alastair Westgarth，said in a blog post.（Loon项目负责人阿拉斯泰尔•韦斯特加斯（Alastair Westgarth）在一篇博客文章中表示，Loon未能将成本降低到足以维持其商业模式的水平。）可知，Alphabet关闭Loon是因为继续这个项目的花费太大了。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower.However，a carrier would need several balloons at once，each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.（该系统能够提供的移动覆盖范围比传统的地面发射塔大200倍。然而，一个载物架一次需要几个气球，每个气球花费数万美元，而且只能使用大约5个月。）可知，本段是通过解释其优缺点来介绍Loon这项技术的。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Over the last few years，Loon's technology has proved successful in some suffering hurricane damaged the island's communications facilities.Two years later，soon after a 7.8 earthquake struck parts of Peru，Loon's balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.（在过去的几年里，Loon的技术在一些遭受飓风破坏的岛屿通信设施中被证明是成功的。两年后，一场7.8级的地震袭击秘鲁部分地区后不久，Loon的气球开始为当地人提供移动连接。）可知，Loon技术帮助遭受自然灾害的地区。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago，reducing the need for Loon， "The problem got solved faster than we thought，" he said in an interview.（这使得手机信号塔比他十年前预期的要更加划算，减少了对Loon的需求。"问题解决得比我们想象的要快，"他在接受采访时说）可知，令Rich Devaul意外的是手机信号塔在短时间内变得更加经济实惠。故选B。
本文主要介绍了谷歌母公司Alphabet Inc.关闭了一个名为Loon的项目，该项目使用高空气球为世界上难以到达的地区提供互联网服务。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】G、D、B、F、E
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对黑帽山雀的热爱。
1.
由空后的Sometimes they are the only birds I'll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.（有时，它们是我在当地森林散步时唯一能听到的鸟类，对我来说，没有它们，森林将是一个更加孤独的地方。）可知，它们的声音很容易被听到，G选项（通常情况下，它们在被看到之前就被听到了。）说明了鸟的叫声很明显，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
2.
空前说After I'd moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home's back.（在我搬进安克雷奇山坡上的一所房子后，我在家里的后面放了一个临时的喂食器。）及空格处应该说这些鸟就可以来吃东西了，D选项（不到一天，黑帽山雀就接受了我的晚餐邀请。）说明了作者给鸟喂食，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
3.
空前说Within days...remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area.（几天之内，一个全新的世界展现在我面前，我从未认识，或者想象到的森林邻居加入了我饲养的黑帽山雀：红胸金盏花，普通红尾莺……值得注意的是，所有这些物种都是安克雷奇地区的普通居民。）及空格处应该说作者以前是不知道有这些鸟的，B选项（然而在过去的几年里，我对此一无所知。）承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
4. 根据上文My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me.（我对鸟类新发现的兴趣迅速增长，连我自己都感到惊讶。）以及下文I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks.Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger.（我去书店寻找观鸟指南。兴奋地和一个陌生人交换鸟类的描述。）可知，此处应该说作者对鸟的爱好日益增长，F项“最初仅仅是好奇，后来发展成强烈的爱好。”说明了作者的爱好的增加，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
5.
空后说They've reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention.（它们提醒我，当我努力集中注意力时，我的世界可以扩大并变得丰富。）及空格处应该说黑帽山雀对作者的重要性，E选项（黑帽山雀占据着我的感情之巅的特殊地位)。）说明了黑帽山雀的重要性，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
21~35.【答案】A、C、B、D、A、D、C、B、A、B、C、A、C、B、A
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.consequences结果；B.achievements成就；C.agreement同意；D.circumstances情况。句意：它的好处伴随着被称为光污染的后果，科学家们现在才开始研究光污染的影响。根据下文"light pollution （光污染）"可知，这是人类黑夜使用灯光造成的结果。故选A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Randomly-designed随意设计的；B.Well-designed好好设计的；C.Poorly-designed拙劣设计的；D.Economically-designed经济实惠设计的。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。根据上文"Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. （光污染在很大程度上是不良照明设计的结果）"可知，本文探讨的光污染与不良照明设计关系密切，即拙劣设计的照明。故选C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.appealed呼吁；B.adapted使适应；C.objected反对；D.amounted共计。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。根据上文"altering light levels and light rhythms （改变光线水平和光线节奏）"可推测，发生改变的是大家习以为常的光线水平和节奏，而动词搭配adapt to意为"使适应"，此处表示人们以及适应的光线水平和节奏被改变，符合语境。故选B。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come under criticism遭受批评；B.made no difference没区别；C.come into effect生效；D.made no sense没意义。句意：对于大多数人类历史而言，"光污染"这一短语毫无意义。根据下文"Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800，when it was Earth's most populous city. （想象一下，大概在1800年，在一个月明的夜晚走向伦敦这个地球上人口最多的城市）"可知，人类历史上很长一段时间大家并没意识到光污染这件事情，因此"光污染"这一短语毫无意义。故选D。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.making do with凑合着用；B.fed up with使对……厌烦；C.identifying with认同；D.overflowing with充满。句意：近一百万人住在那里，像往常一样，凑合着使用蜡烛、火把和灯笼。根据下文"Only a few houses were lit by gas （只有几所房子被煤气点亮）"可知，许多家庭无法使用煤气灯，凑合使用蜡烛等照明。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.visit参观；B.greet打招呼；C.feel感受；D.smell闻。句意：在几英里之外，你更可能闻到伦敦的味道，而不是看到它暗淡的集体光芒。根据上文"candles，torches and lanterns （蜡烛、火把和灯笼）"和"gas （煤气）"可知，这些照明方式有很重的气味，可能先闻到气味才能看见灯光。故选D。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.independent独立的；B.disconnected不连贯的；C.unoccupied空置的；D.excluded排除在外的。句意：我们点亮了夜晚，仿佛这是一个无人居住的国家。根据下文"Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. （光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们）"可知，因为照明的灯光，夜晚不再是原本意义上的夜晚，生物物种都被照明灯光吸引，不在身处黑夜，故可将这样的夜晚比喻成没有物种，空置的地方。故选C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.captured捕获；C.dismissed解雇；D.frustrated使受挫。句意：这种效应是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，鸣禽和海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器所捕获，数千只在空中盘旋，直到坠落。根据上文"Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. （光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们）"可知，这些鸣禽海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器产生的灯光吸引，最终掉落，可以比喻为被捕获。故选B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清楚的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.traditional传统的；D.critical批评的。句意：与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空。根据上文"It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers，who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. （曾经有人认为光污染只会影响天文学家，他们需要看到夜空的明亮）"可知，此处把天文学家和大多数普通人作对比，天文学家需要清晰的夜空，而普通人不需要。故选A。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.Subsequently随后；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Similarly相似地。句意：然而，和大多数生物一样，我们的确需要黑暗。根据上文"Unlike astronomers，most of us may not need a clear view of the night sky for our work. （与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空）"可知，这与下文"我们的确需要黑暗"形成转折关系。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.Reviewing复习；B.Embracing拥抱；C.Denying否认；D.Regulating调节。句意：否认黑暗是无意义的。根据下文"It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as light itself （它对维持我们的生物福利和光本身一样重要）"可知，此处it指代的"黑暗"本身对我们生物而言很重要，和光线一样必不可少，因此我们不能否认它。故选C。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.light光；B.rhythm节奏；C.status身份；D.dawn黎明。句意：它就像光本身一样，对维持我们的生物福利至关重要；改变我们体内生物钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适。根据上文"Denying darkness is pointless. （否认黑暗是无意义的）"可知，前后两句在对比黑暗和光线，二者一样重要，空格处应该填light"光"。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.emerging from来自；B.withdrawing from从……中退出；C.messing with打乱；D.coinciding with与……一致。句意：清醒和睡眠的规律对我们来说是如此的基本，以至于打乱它们就像改变我们的重心。根据上文"the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn't operate as it should，causing various physical discomforts. （修改我们内部时钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适）"可知，修改内部时钟即意味着打乱清醒和睡眠的节奏。故选C。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.keep track of了解……的动态；B.lose sight of看不见；C.catch hold of抓住；D.let go of放开。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。根据下文"our true place in the universe （我们在宇宙中的真实位置）"可知，位置是需要用眼睛看的，而光污染使我们看不清天空，故也看不见我们在宇宙中的位置。故选B。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.measured衡量；B.neutralized使无效；C.undergone经受；D.supervised监督。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。根据上文"light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being （光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模）"可知，此处所提到的"我们在宇宙中的真实位置"以及"我们人类存在的规模"都是我们应该清楚的东西，而清楚的方式就是用黑夜来进行对比，词组measure against意为"使相比较，衡量"符合语境。故选A。
本文主要讲述了人类通过照明工程将夜晚变得明亮，但这种控制也带来了光污染的问题，影响了许多生物的生活节奏和行为，包括人类自身，文章呼吁人们应该重视光污染问题，保护夜晚的黑暗和生物多样性。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】are facing
【小题2】officials
【小题3】which
【小题4】than
【小题5】has fled
【小题6】a
【小题7】resulting
【小题8】so
【小题9】environmental
【小题10】management
【解析】（1）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：但现在，动物王国的巨人们正面临着更大的风险：气候变化。空处作谓语，根据句意及时间状语now可知，本句描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态，应用现在进行时，主语是the giants，be动词用are，故填are facing。
（2）考查可数名词复数。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。空处作主语，应用名词，official指"官员"是可数名词，根据后面谓语动词have cracked down可知，主语应用复数形式，故填officials。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。分析句中可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词hunting，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
（4）考查介词。句意：但随着肯尼亚与40年来最严重的干旱作斗争，这场危机造成的大象死亡是狩猎的20倍。根据前面的20 times more elephants可知，此处应用介词than引出比较的对象，故填than。
（5）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：近年来，在察沃国家公园，许多野生动物为了寻找水源而逃离。空处作谓语，根据时间状语recent years可知应用现在完成时，主语wildlife是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has fled。
（6）考查冠词。句意：成年大象每天可以消耗300磅的食物和超过50加仑的水。根据句意可知，空处表示"每，一"，且day是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：但是，河流、土壤和草地正在干涸，导致了恶劣和致命的环境。空处应用非谓语作状语，前面句子内容与动词短语result in之间是主动关系，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填resulting。
（8）考查状语从句。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。so/such...that…意为"如此......以至于......"，引导结果状语从句。so是副词，通常修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，通常修饰名词。空处修饰名词短语time and effort，但名词前有much修饰，所以应用副词so，故填so。
（9）考查形容词。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。空处修饰名词issues，应用形容词environmental"环境的"，作定语，故填environmental。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意："我们忘记了投资于生物多样性管理和生态系统，"他说。空处与ecosystems并列作宾语，应用名词形式management，表示"管理"，是不可数名词，故填management。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了以前非法猎杀对大象构成严重威胁，但是现在气候变化给大象带来更大的危险。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】belongings
【解析】belong"属于"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作take的宾语，表示"财务，随身物品"用belongings。
故填：belongings。
下车时记得带上贵重物品。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
38.【答案】opposed
【解析】答案：opposed.remain是连系动词，后接形容词opposed作表语。故填：opposed。
她仍然反对她儿子参加合唱队的计划。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
39.【答案】consisting
【解析】consist"组成"，与packed lunch之间是主谓关系，为非谓语动词，用现在分词短语作后置定语。
故填：consisting。
学校为学生提供早餐、晚餐和盒装午餐，包括三明治、饮料和甜点。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
40.【答案】exposure
【解析】 expose"暴露"是动词，分析句子可知，形容词long修饰名词，所以横线处用名词exposure"暴露"，抽象名词，不可数。
故填：exposure。
长时间暴露在阳光下会使你患上皮肤癌症。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
41.【答案】architects
【解析】architecture"建筑设计，建筑学"是名词，分析句子可知，横线处前面有the，所以横线处用名词，表示"建筑师"用architect，此处指多个建筑师，所以用复数。
故填：architects。
今天的复杂建筑需要建筑师和建设者之间的紧密合作。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
42.【答案】emphasizing
【解析】emphasis"强调"，wind up doing"最终做"，后接动词时要用动名词形式。
故填：emphasizing。
在经历了几次失败之后，这个团队最终强调了研究的重要性。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
43.【答案】adaptation
【解析】adapt"改编"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作介词to的宾语。根据 that play可知，它的改编用单数。
故填：adaptation。
那出戏的成功不仅在于改编，还在于演员们的表演。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
44.【答案】stricken
【解析】strike"撞击，击打"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词stricken"遭受…的，受灾的"作定语修饰名词family。
故填：stricken。
她出生在一个贫穷的家庭，从贫困中走了出来，成为当今英国最富有的人之一。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
45.【答案】measuring
【解析】分析句子结构可知横线前面的句子是主句，所以measure要用非谓语形式；measure（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度，与逻辑主语river是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表示主动，故填measuring。
46.【答案】dramatic
【解析】dramatically"显著地"是副词，分析句子可知横线处用形容词作定语修饰名词effects。
故填：dramatic。
预计第五年的干旱将对加州经济产生巨大影响。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
47.【答案】 Last Saturday, I just visited an exhibition titled "Meeting Artists" held by our city's museum. The exhibition attracted many masters and amateurs at home and abroad. Many artworks including Chinese handwriting and landscape paintings from ancient and modern times were on show. The host explained every work in details on the spot. The exhibition left a deep impression on me. ①In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well. ②I hope there will be more activities like this in the future.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则关于刚刚参观的市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”展览的评论。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①on show展览
②in details详细地
【高分句型】
①In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well.（not only…but引导的并列句结构）
②I hope there will be more activities like this in the future.（省略连词that引导的宾语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：展览概况
中心：观展感受
结尾：意见建议
【拓展词汇】
①element元素
②inspire启发
③deepen加深
【拓展句型】
①...is not just an art, but a symbol of traditional Chinese culture which deserves to be passed down from generation to generation. ……不仅是一种艺术，也是中国传统文化的象征，值得世代相传。
②Not only does the activity arouse students' interest in..., but it also cultivates students' love for knowledge. 活动不仅激发了学生对……的兴趣，而且培养了学生对知识的热爱。
2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点高一（下）期末英语试卷
A
BUILTBYYOU Challenge
In this post on our website of WiTech, we introduce some details about the BUILTBYYOU Challenge and why teens from around the world should join it!
BUILTBYYOU is an initiative that aims to encourage and expose more high school girls to careers in technology.
Read the write-up below from the BUILTBYYOU team to learn more about the challenge!
Who We're Looking For
We're looking for the next generation of 13-18 years old female startup founders and change-makers (you) who are building a mobile app, hardware device, robotics project, game, or something no one has invented yet. You can submit in up to teams of 4. Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea.
What You Could Win
You could win the opportunity to present your project in front of expert teenager judges, tech/VC moguls (大人物) and change makers during a live Presentation Day in San Francisco on September 1. Winners receive ＄10,000 in funding, mentorship and a booth at TechCrunch Disrupt to take their project to the next level.
The Founder of WiTech
Audrey Pe is an incoming high school junior from the Philippines. Because current Philippine curriculum is lacking in computer science education, Audrey taught herself to program using available online resources. As she pursued her interest in a technology career, she found very little support and no female role models within the industry. While attending tech conferences Audrey met other girls with similar interests for the first time. At 15 she gathered a team of students and founded Women in Technology (WiTech). WiTech is a community organization that educates, inspires and empowers young girls to break barriers and use technology to make positive differences in society.
1. Which of the following is one of the factors that determine who can apply?
A. Nationality. B. Occupation. C. Gender. D. Character.
2. What will participants do？
A. Apply with their own projects.
B. Submit their projects in September.
C. Present their project before tech moguls.
D. Receive ten thousand dollars in funding.
3. What caused Audrey Pe to found WiTech?
A. Requests from other girls.
B. The wish to support young females.
C. Lack of interest in school education.
D. Inspiration from similar organizations.
B
"Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer", British doctors suggested last week. The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, "There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."
Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun". The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
"Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small." they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain's Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal.
The authority's skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, "We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education".
4. What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph?
A. They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun.
B. They agreed exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays accelerated people's aging.
C. They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer.
D. They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people's health.
5. What will the Bristol team support?
A. Children should cover up in the sunlight.
B. Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C. Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer.
D. People should currently spend more time in the sun.
6. What does the "good health education" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B. Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C. Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions.
D. Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
7. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. More people are dying from skin cancer.
B. Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C. Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children.
D. A study found sunshine has lots of benefits.
C
Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel？Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods？Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes，while others aren't so sure.
Yet many marketers，interior designers，medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology.Color psychology is defined as "the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings."
Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things.When choosing paint，furniture and wall art，interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us.Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.
We should keep in mind，though，that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color.For instance，in the West，white is for brides and black is for funerals.But in ancient Asia，white was sometimes worn for funerals.In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States，it represents happiness.Additionally，many variables including gender，age，background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color.
After taking color variable into account it's safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings.Here are just a few：
Red symbolizes love，energy，passion and danger.Red is also believed to increase one's hunger，which might be the reason why MeDonald's and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color.
Brown，a color from nature，best represents things that are honest，trustworthy and dependable.It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS.
Blue -in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence.It's no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color.
Green-another color from nature -represents health，growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks.
Pink symbolizes love，romance，innocence and femininity（女性特质）.The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color.
If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us.With this knowledge，we can effectively harness （驾驭）color power to create positive school，work and home environments.
8. What does the phrase swear by in the second paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. deeply believe. B. somewhat doubt.
C. deeply investigate. D. still wish.
9. What is the writer's purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage？ ______
A. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology.
B. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors.
C. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries.
D. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color.
10. We can conclude from the passage that ______ .
A. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions
B. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life
C. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science
D. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world
11. What would be the proper title for the passage？ ______
A. The positives and negatives of color psychology.
B. The foundation and function of color psychology.
C. The potential effects of color on our lives.
D. The relationship between color and man Section.
D
Google's parent company is winding down a project that used high-lying balloons to provide Internet services to hard-to-reach areas of the world.
The project，known as Loon，started in 2011.It was managed by Alphabet Inc.It aimed to bring connectivity to areas of the world where ground-based cell towers（手机信号塔） were too expensive or too difficult to set up.
But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run，the project's leader，Alastair Westgarth，said in a blog post."While we've found a number of willing partners along the way，we haven't found a way to get the costs low enough to build a long-term，competitive business，"Westgarh said.
Loon's shutdown isn't surprising，economists said.
Loon's technology sent gas-filled balloons the size of tennis courts into the air.They usually stay at heights of around 60，000 to 75，000 feet.There，onboard communications equipment sent Internet signals back down to earth.The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower.However，a carrier would need several balloons at once，each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.
Alphabet wasn't alone in running projects aimed at offering Internet connection to hard-to-reach areas.Companies such as Amazon.com Inc.and Elon Musk's SpaceX have been making efforts to provide Internet connection in such places，using satellites in near Earth orbit.
Over the last few years，Loon's technology has proved successful in some suffering hurricane damaged the island's communications facilities.Two years later，soon after a 7.8 earthquake struck parts of Peru，Loon's balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.
Rich Devaul，a founder of the project，said the need for mobile connectivity was rapidly rising recently.This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago.reducing the need for Loon，"The problem got solved faster than we thought，"he said in an interview.
12. Why is Alphabet shutting down Loon？ ______
A. Many local communities disliked the project.
B. It was too costly to continue the project.
C. The technology was no longer advanced.
D. It was too difficult to set up the systems.
13. How does the author introduce Loon's technology in paragraph 5？ ______
A. By explaining its advantages and disadvantages.
B. By describing difficulties in using it.
C. By providing research results about it.
D. By showing its differences from traditional ones.
14. What can we learn about the technology of Loon？ ______
A. It suited the need of developed countries，
B. It was unable to work in terrible weather.
C. It helped areas hit by natural disasters.
D. It was less elective than traditional systems.
15. What was unexpected for Rich Devaul？ ______
A. Communications problems became worse.
B. Cell towers became more economical in a short time.
C. Other companies would run similar projects
D. The Internet connections were getting faster.
E
There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees (山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.
There is something comforting to me in black-caps' presence. (16) Sometimes they are the only birds I'll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.
After I'd moved into a house on Anchorage's Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home's back. (17) For each, the routine was similar：dashed in, looked around, pecked(啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way, By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.
Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I'd never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. (18)
My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. (19) I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger. Purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who'd never been attracted by birds. Even more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.
(20) They've reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven't yet discovered or noticed?
A. Nature always amazed me in its own way.
B. Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.
C. Black-caps are a sign of good environment.
D. Within a day, black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.
E. Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.
F. What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.
G. And much more often than not, they are heard before they're seen.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Human beings have somehow managed to engineer the night to receive us by filling it with light.This kind of control is no different from the feat （壮举） of damming a river.Its benefits come with（1） ______ — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. （2） ______ lighting washes out the darkness of night，altering light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have（3） ______ .Wherever man-made light spills into the natural world，some aspects of life-migration，reproduction，feeding-is affected.
For most human history，the phrase "light pollution" would have（4） ______ .Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800，when it was Earth's most populous city.Nearly a million people lived there，（ 5） ______ candles，torches and lanterns，as they always had.Only a few houses were lit by gas，and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years.From a few miles away，you would have been more likely to（6） ______ London than to see its dim collective glow.
We've lit up the night as if it were a（n）（ 7） ______ country.As a matter of fact，among mammals （哺乳动物） alone，the number of species active at night is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being（8） ______ by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms，circling and circling in the thousands until they drop.
It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers，who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity.Unlike astronomers，most of us may not need a（9） ______ view of the night sky for our work. （10） ______ ，like most other creatures，we do need darkness. （11） ______ darkness is pointless.It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as（12） ______ itself；the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn't operate as it should，causing various physical discomforts.So fundamental are the regular rhythms of waking and sleep to our being that（13） ______ them is similar to altering our center of gravity.
In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to（14） ______ our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best（15） ______ against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
21. A. consequences B. achievements C. agreements D. circumstances
22. A. Randomly-designed B. Well-designed
C. Poorly-designed D. Economically-designed
23. A. appealed B. adapted C. objected D. amounted
24. A. come under criticism B. made no difference
C. come into effect D. made no sense
25. A. making do with B. fed up with
C. identifying with D. overflowing with
26. A. visit B. greet C. feel D. smell
27. A. independent B. disconnected C. unoccupied D. excluded
28. A. exposed B. captured C. dismissed D. frustrated
29. A. clear B. comprehensive C. traditional D. critical
30. A. Subsequently B. However C. Therefore D. Similarly
31. A. Reviewing B. Embracing C. Denying D. Regulating
32. A. light B. rhythm C. status D. dawn
33. A. emerging from B. withdrawing from
C. messing with D. coinciding with
34. A. keep track of B. lose sight of C. catch hold of D. let go of
35. A. measured B. neutralized C. undergone D. supervised
36. Illegal ivory （象牙） hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya's elephants.But now the giants of the animal kingdom （1） ______ （face） an even bigger risk：climate change.
In the past years，Kenyan （2） ______ （official） have cracked down on hunting，（ 3） ______ has targeted giraffes for their meat，bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks.But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four decades，the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants （4） ______ hunting.In Tsavo National Park much wildlife （5） ______ （flee） in recent years in search of water.To survive，elephants require vast landscapes for food.Adults can consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water （6） ______ day.But rivers，soil and grassland are drying up，（ 7） ______ （result） in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year，at least 179 elephants have died of thirst，while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10，Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC. "It is a red alarm." he said of the crisis.Balala suggested that （8） ______ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that （9） ______ （environment） issues have been ignored. "We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity （10） ______ （manage） and ecosystems，" he said. "Something must be done to deal with climate change."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. Remember to take your valuable ______ （ belong） when you get off the bus.
38. She remained ______ （ oppose） to her son's plan to join the chorus.（词汇复现）
39. Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and a packed lunch ______ （ consist） of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.
40. Long ______ （ expose） to the sun make it possible for you to develop skin cancer.
41. Today's complex buildings require close teamwork between each of the ______ （ architecture） and the builders.
42. After several failures，the team wound up ______ （ emphasis） the importance of research.
43. The success of that play is not only down to the ______ （ adapt） but also to actors ' and actresses' performance.
44. Born to a poverty ______ （ strike） family，she dragged herself out of the gutter to become one of the wealthiest people in Britain today.
45. It is amazing that the little boy can swim across the river _____ (measure) 100 meters long.
46. A fifth year of drought is expected to have ______ （ dramatically） effects on the California economy.
47. 假如你是李华，你刚刚参观了你市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”的展览，请为你校英文报写一则评论，内容包括：
（1）展览概况；
（2）观展感受；
（3）意见建议。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）为使行文连贯，可以适当增加细节。
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了关于BUILTBYOU挑战赛的一些情况。
1.
根据Who We're Looking For部分dWe're looking for the next generation...or something no one has invented yet. (我们正在寻找下一代13-18岁的女性创业创始人和变革推动者（你们），她们正在开发移动应用程序、硬件设备、机器人项目、游戏或其他尚未发明的东西。)可知，性别是决定谁可以申请的因素之一。故选C。
2.
根据Who We're Looking For部分的Feel free to apply with your projects from your previous tech experiences or build out an entirely new idea. (请随意应用您以前的技术经验中的项目，或者构建一个全新的想法。)可知，参与者可以提交他们自己的想法。故选A。
3.
根据The Founder of WiTehch部分的WiTech is a community organization...to make positive differences in society. (WiTech是一个社区组织，旨在教育、激励和增强年轻女孩打破障碍，利用技术在社会中产生积极影响。)可知，为了支持年轻女性的愿望，Audrey Pe建立了WiTech。故选B。
4~7.【答案】D、B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是，有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。
1. 根据第一段中的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.（布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。）”可知，这四位研究人员认为暴露在阳光下可能对人们的健康有益。故选D。
2.
根据第一段中的“But in the British Medical Journal...negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”（但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”）和第三段的Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun".（阳光对治疗某些皮肤状况也很有用，而且“躺在阳光下或坐在阳光下也有很好的感觉”。）可知，布里斯托尔团队支持的是阳光有助于治疗一些皮肤问题。故选B。
3.
根据第一段中的The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.（布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。）和最后一段中的We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education".（我们对这篇有争议的文章感到非常失望。它没有足够的支持证据，有可能使多年来的“良好健康教育”付之一流。）可知，此处所说的“良好教育”指的是警告人们太多阳光的危害。故选A。
4.
通读全文，尤其是第一段中的But in the British Medical Journal...the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”（但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”）可知，本文主要讲的是有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响，也就是一项研究发现阳光有很多好处，故选D。
8~11.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）短语猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话Color psychology is defined as "the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings."（色彩心理学被定义为"研究我们感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。"）以及第三段Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things.When choosing paint，furniture and wall art，interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us.Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients.（营销人员利用色彩科学来说服我们购买东西。室内设计师在选择油漆、烟熏和墙壁艺术时，会根据这样一种理论行事，即颜色会引起我们的某些感觉。牙医经常被建议在办公室墙上使用浅蓝色油漆，以帮助焦虑的患者平静下来）可知，色彩心理学研究发现颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。营销人员，设计师和牙医等会用色彩心理学来影响顾客的一些决定，帮助患者平缓情绪。所以他们对色彩心里学深信不疑。所以swear by的意思为"深信不疑"。故选A
（2）目的意图题。根据第四段第一句话We should keep in mind，though，that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. （不过，我们应该记住，只有考虑到文化偏好，我们才能完全理解色彩科学）可知，作者用白色和黑色作为例子是为了提醒我们在学习色彩科学时应该考虑到文化因素。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. （如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响）可推知，色彩心理学会影响我们的情绪和决定。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。根据第一段Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel？Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods？Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes，while others aren't so sure.（你周围的颜色会影响你的感觉吗？你墙上和衣服上的颜色会影响你的心情吗？一些研究人员认为答案是决定性的肯定，而另一些人则不那么确定）以及最后一段If color psychology advocates are correct，then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us.With this knowledge，we can effectively harness （驾驭）color power to create positive school，work and home environments.（如果色彩心理学的倡导者是正确的，那么我们的情绪和决定确实会受到周围色彩的影响。有了这些知识，我们可以有效地利用色彩力量来创造积极的学校、工作和家庭环境）可知，本篇文介绍了色彩心理学，揭示了色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响。所以"色彩对于我们生活的潜在影响"适合作本篇文章的标题。A．The positives and negatives of color psychology.色彩心理学的积极和消极；B．The foundation and function of color psychology.色彩心理学的基础和作用；C．The potential effects of color on our lives.颜色对我们生活的潜在影响；D．The relationship between color and man Section.色彩与人体的关系。故选C。
这是一篇说说明文。文章主要介绍了色彩对我们生活的潜在影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中But Loon was unable to reduce costs enough to make its business model run，the project' s leader，Alastair Westgarth，said in a blog post.（Loon项目负责人阿拉斯泰尔•韦斯特加斯（Alastair Westgarth）在一篇博客文章中表示，Loon未能将成本降低到足以维持其商业模式的水平。）可知，Alphabet关闭Loon是因为继续这个项目的花费太大了。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句The system was able to offer mobile coverage to an area 200 times larger than a traditional ground-based cell tower.However，a carrier would need several balloons at once，each would cost tens of thousands of dollars and last only about five months.（该系统能够提供的移动覆盖范围比传统的地面发射塔大200倍。然而，一个载物架一次需要几个气球，每个气球花费数万美元，而且只能使用大约5个月。）可知，本段是通过解释其优缺点来介绍Loon这项技术的。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Over the last few years，Loon's technology has proved successful in some suffering hurricane damaged the island's communications facilities.Two years later，soon after a 7.8 earthquake struck parts of Peru，Loon's balloons began to provide the locals with mobile connectivity.（在过去的几年里，Loon的技术在一些遭受飓风破坏的岛屿通信设施中被证明是成功的。两年后，一场7.8级的地震袭击秘鲁部分地区后不久，Loon的气球开始为当地人提供移动连接。）可知，Loon技术帮助遭受自然灾害的地区。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中This made cell towers more cost-effective than he had expected ten years ago，reducing the need for Loon， "The problem got solved faster than we thought，" he said in an interview.（这使得手机信号塔比他十年前预期的要更加划算，减少了对Loon的需求。"问题解决得比我们想象的要快，"他在接受采访时说）可知，令Rich Devaul意外的是手机信号塔在短时间内变得更加经济实惠。故选B。
本文主要介绍了谷歌母公司Alphabet Inc.关闭了一个名为Loon的项目，该项目使用高空气球为世界上难以到达的地区提供互联网服务。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】G、D、B、F、E
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对黑帽山雀的热爱。
1.
由空后的Sometimes they are the only birds I'll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.（有时，它们是我在当地森林散步时唯一能听到的鸟类，对我来说，没有它们，森林将是一个更加孤独的地方。）可知，它们的声音很容易被听到，G选项（通常情况下，它们在被看到之前就被听到了。）说明了鸟的叫声很明显，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
2.
空前说After I'd moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home's back.（在我搬进安克雷奇山坡上的一所房子后，我在家里的后面放了一个临时的喂食器。）及空格处应该说这些鸟就可以来吃东西了，D选项（不到一天，黑帽山雀就接受了我的晚餐邀请。）说明了作者给鸟喂食，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
3.
空前说Within days...remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area.（几天之内，一个全新的世界展现在我面前，我从未认识，或者想象到的森林邻居加入了我饲养的黑帽山雀：红胸金盏花，普通红尾莺……值得注意的是，所有这些物种都是安克雷奇地区的普通居民。）及空格处应该说作者以前是不知道有这些鸟的，B选项（然而在过去的几年里，我对此一无所知。）承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
4. 根据上文My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me.（我对鸟类新发现的兴趣迅速增长，连我自己都感到惊讶。）以及下文I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks.Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger.（我去书店寻找观鸟指南。兴奋地和一个陌生人交换鸟类的描述。）可知，此处应该说作者对鸟的爱好日益增长，F项“最初仅仅是好奇，后来发展成强烈的爱好。”说明了作者的爱好的增加，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
5.
空后说They've reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention.（它们提醒我，当我努力集中注意力时，我的世界可以扩大并变得丰富。）及空格处应该说黑帽山雀对作者的重要性，E选项（黑帽山雀占据着我的感情之巅的特殊地位)。）说明了黑帽山雀的重要性，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
21~35.【答案】A、C、B、D、A、D、C、B、A、B、C、A、C、B、A
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.consequences结果；B.achievements成就；C.agreement同意；D.circumstances情况。句意：它的好处伴随着被称为光污染的后果，科学家们现在才开始研究光污染的影响。根据下文"light pollution （光污染）"可知，这是人类黑夜使用灯光造成的结果。故选A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Randomly-designed随意设计的；B.Well-designed好好设计的；C.Poorly-designed拙劣设计的；D.Economically-designed经济实惠设计的。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。根据上文"Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. （光污染在很大程度上是不良照明设计的结果）"可知，本文探讨的光污染与不良照明设计关系密切，即拙劣设计的照明。故选C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.appealed呼吁；B.adapted使适应；C.objected反对；D.amounted共计。句意：拙劣设计的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改变包括我们在内的许多生命形式所适应的光线水平和光线节奏。根据上文"altering light levels and light rhythms （改变光线水平和光线节奏）"可推测，发生改变的是大家习以为常的光线水平和节奏，而动词搭配adapt to意为"使适应"，此处表示人们以及适应的光线水平和节奏被改变，符合语境。故选B。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come under criticism遭受批评；B.made no difference没区别；C.come into effect生效；D.made no sense没意义。句意：对于大多数人类历史而言，"光污染"这一短语毫无意义。根据下文"Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800，when it was Earth's most populous city. （想象一下，大概在1800年，在一个月明的夜晚走向伦敦这个地球上人口最多的城市）"可知，人类历史上很长一段时间大家并没意识到光污染这件事情，因此"光污染"这一短语毫无意义。故选D。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.making do with凑合着用；B.fed up with使对……厌烦；C.identifying with认同；D.overflowing with充满。句意：近一百万人住在那里，像往常一样，凑合着使用蜡烛、火把和灯笼。根据下文"Only a few houses were lit by gas （只有几所房子被煤气点亮）"可知，许多家庭无法使用煤气灯，凑合使用蜡烛等照明。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.visit参观；B.greet打招呼；C.feel感受；D.smell闻。句意：在几英里之外，你更可能闻到伦敦的味道，而不是看到它暗淡的集体光芒。根据上文"candles，torches and lanterns （蜡烛、火把和灯笼）"和"gas （煤气）"可知，这些照明方式有很重的气味，可能先闻到气味才能看见灯光。故选D。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.independent独立的；B.disconnected不连贯的；C.unoccupied空置的；D.excluded排除在外的。句意：我们点亮了夜晚，仿佛这是一个无人居住的国家。根据下文"Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. （光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们）"可知，因为照明的灯光，夜晚不再是原本意义上的夜晚，生物物种都被照明灯光吸引，不在身处黑夜，故可将这样的夜晚比喻成没有物种，空置的地方。故选C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.captured捕获；C.dismissed解雇；D.frustrated使受挫。句意：这种效应是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，鸣禽和海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器所捕获，数千只在空中盘旋，直到坠落。根据上文"Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. （光是一种强大的生物力，对许多物种来说，它就像一块磁铁，吸引着它们）"可知，这些鸣禽海鸟被陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的废气燃烧器产生的灯光吸引，最终掉落，可以比喻为被捕获。故选B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清楚的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.traditional传统的；D.critical批评的。句意：与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空。根据上文"It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers，who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. （曾经有人认为光污染只会影响天文学家，他们需要看到夜空的明亮）"可知，此处把天文学家和大多数普通人作对比，天文学家需要清晰的夜空，而普通人不需要。故选A。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.Subsequently随后；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Similarly相似地。句意：然而，和大多数生物一样，我们的确需要黑暗。根据上文"Unlike astronomers，most of us may not need a clear view of the night sky for our work. （与天文学家不同，我们大多数人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空）"可知，这与下文"我们的确需要黑暗"形成转折关系。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.Reviewing复习；B.Embracing拥抱；C.Denying否认；D.Regulating调节。句意：否认黑暗是无意义的。根据下文"It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as light itself （它对维持我们的生物福利和光本身一样重要）"可知，此处it指代的"黑暗"本身对我们生物而言很重要，和光线一样必不可少，因此我们不能否认它。故选C。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.light光；B.rhythm节奏；C.status身份；D.dawn黎明。句意：它就像光本身一样，对维持我们的生物福利至关重要；改变我们体内生物钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适。根据上文"Denying darkness is pointless. （否认黑暗是无意义的）"可知，前后两句在对比黑暗和光线，二者一样重要，空格处应该填light"光"。故选A。
（13）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.emerging from来自；B.withdrawing from从……中退出；C.messing with打乱；D.coinciding with与……一致。句意：清醒和睡眠的规律对我们来说是如此的基本，以至于打乱它们就像改变我们的重心。根据上文"the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn't operate as it should，causing various physical discomforts. （修改我们内部时钟的代价意味着它不能正常工作，导致各种身体不适）"可知，修改内部时钟即意味着打乱清醒和睡眠的节奏。故选C。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.keep track of了解……的动态；B.lose sight of看不见；C.catch hold of抓住；D.let go of放开。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。根据下文"our true place in the universe （我们在宇宙中的真实位置）"可知，位置是需要用眼睛看的，而光污染使我们看不清天空，故也看不见我们在宇宙中的位置。故选B。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.measured衡量；B.neutralized使无效；C.undergone经受；D.supervised监督。句意：从某种非常实际的意义上来说，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模，而衡量人类位置和规模的最佳对照就是悬拱于头顶、处在星系边缘的银河所在的幽深夜空。根据上文"light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being （光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们人类存在的规模）"可知，此处所提到的"我们在宇宙中的真实位置"以及"我们人类存在的规模"都是我们应该清楚的东西，而清楚的方式就是用黑夜来进行对比，词组measure against意为"使相比较，衡量"符合语境。故选A。
本文主要讲述了人类通过照明工程将夜晚变得明亮，但这种控制也带来了光污染的问题，影响了许多生物的生活节奏和行为，包括人类自身，文章呼吁人们应该重视光污染问题，保护夜晚的黑暗和生物多样性。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】are facing
【小题2】officials
【小题3】which
【小题4】than
【小题5】has fled
【小题6】a
【小题7】resulting
【小题8】so
【小题9】environmental
【小题10】management
【解析】（1）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：但现在，动物王国的巨人们正面临着更大的风险：气候变化。空处作谓语，根据句意及时间状语now可知，本句描述现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态，应用现在进行时，主语是the giants，be动词用are，故填are facing。
（2）考查可数名词复数。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。空处作主语，应用名词，official指"官员"是可数名词，根据后面谓语动词have cracked down可知，主语应用复数形式，故填officials。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。分析句中可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词hunting，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
（4）考查介词。句意：但随着肯尼亚与40年来最严重的干旱作斗争，这场危机造成的大象死亡是狩猎的20倍。根据前面的20 times more elephants可知，此处应用介词than引出比较的对象，故填than。
（5）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：近年来，在察沃国家公园，许多野生动物为了寻找水源而逃离。空处作谓语，根据时间状语recent years可知应用现在完成时，主语wildlife是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has fled。
（6）考查冠词。句意：成年大象每天可以消耗300磅的食物和超过50加仑的水。根据句意可知，空处表示"每，一"，且day是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：但是，河流、土壤和草地正在干涸，导致了恶劣和致命的环境。空处应用非谓语作状语，前面句子内容与动词短语result in之间是主动关系，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填resulting。
（8）考查状语从句。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。so/such...that…意为"如此......以至于......"，引导结果状语从句。so是副词，通常修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，通常修饰名词。空处修饰名词短语time and effort，但名词前有much修饰，所以应用副词so，故填so。
（9）考查形容词。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了环境问题。空处修饰名词issues，应用形容词environmental"环境的"，作定语，故填environmental。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意："我们忘记了投资于生物多样性管理和生态系统，"他说。空处与ecosystems并列作宾语，应用名词形式management，表示"管理"，是不可数名词，故填management。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了以前非法猎杀对大象构成严重威胁，但是现在气候变化给大象带来更大的危险。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】belongings
【解析】belong"属于"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作take的宾语，表示"财务，随身物品"用belongings。
故填：belongings。
下车时记得带上贵重物品。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
38.【答案】opposed
【解析】答案：opposed.remain是连系动词，后接形容词opposed作表语。故填：opposed。
她仍然反对她儿子参加合唱队的计划。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
39.【答案】consisting
【解析】consist"组成"，与packed lunch之间是主谓关系，为非谓语动词，用现在分词短语作后置定语。
故填：consisting。
学校为学生提供早餐、晚餐和盒装午餐，包括三明治、饮料和甜点。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
40.【答案】exposure
【解析】 expose"暴露"是动词，分析句子可知，形容词long修饰名词，所以横线处用名词exposure"暴露"，抽象名词，不可数。
故填：exposure。
长时间暴露在阳光下会使你患上皮肤癌症。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
41.【答案】architects
【解析】architecture"建筑设计，建筑学"是名词，分析句子可知，横线处前面有the，所以横线处用名词，表示"建筑师"用architect，此处指多个建筑师，所以用复数。
故填：architects。
今天的复杂建筑需要建筑师和建设者之间的紧密合作。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
42.【答案】emphasizing
【解析】emphasis"强调"，wind up doing"最终做"，后接动词时要用动名词形式。
故填：emphasizing。
在经历了几次失败之后，这个团队最终强调了研究的重要性。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
43.【答案】adaptation
【解析】adapt"改编"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作介词to的宾语。根据 that play可知，它的改编用单数。
故填：adaptation。
那出戏的成功不仅在于改编，还在于演员们的表演。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
44.【答案】stricken
【解析】strike"撞击，击打"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词stricken"遭受…的，受灾的"作定语修饰名词family。
故填：stricken。
她出生在一个贫穷的家庭，从贫困中走了出来，成为当今英国最富有的人之一。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
45.【答案】measuring
【解析】分析句子结构可知横线前面的句子是主句，所以measure要用非谓语形式；measure（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度，与逻辑主语river是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表示主动，故填measuring。
46.【答案】dramatic
【解析】dramatically"显著地"是副词，分析句子可知横线处用形容词作定语修饰名词effects。
故填：dramatic。
预计第五年的干旱将对加州经济产生巨大影响。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
47.【答案】 Last Saturday, I just visited an exhibition titled "Meeting Artists" held by our city's museum. The exhibition attracted many masters and amateurs at home and abroad. Many artworks including Chinese handwriting and landscape paintings from ancient and modern times were on show. The host explained every work in details on the spot. The exhibition left a deep impression on me. ①In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well. ②I hope there will be more activities like this in the future.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则关于刚刚参观的市博物馆举办的一次“遇见艺术家”展览的评论。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【亮点词汇】
①on show展览
②in details详细地
【高分句型】
①In my view, it not only promoted the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture but strengthened our national pride as well.（not only…but引导的并列句结构）
②I hope there will be more activities like this in the future.（省略连词that引导的宾语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：展览概况
中心：观展感受
结尾：意见建议
【拓展词汇】
①element元素
②inspire启发
③deepen加深
【拓展句型】
①...is not just an art, but a symbol of traditional Chinese culture which deserves to be passed down from generation to generation. ……不仅是一种艺术，也是中国传统文化的象征，值得世代相传。
②Not only does the activity arouse students' interest in..., but it also cultivates students' love for knowledge. 活动不仅激发了学生对……的兴趣，而且培养了学生对知识的热爱。
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