专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）

这是一份专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版），共27页。

五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题18 完形填空说明文、议论文（解析版）
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
【2022▪全国乙卷】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。
42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。
43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。
44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。
45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。
46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。
47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。
49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。
50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t 54 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。
51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。
52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。
53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。
55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their16to the questions reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。
56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。
57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。
58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。
59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。
60. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。
【2022▪浙江6月卷】
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they 36 it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out 37 he were flying, his eyes wide with 38 . His trust in me is 39 which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 40 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets 41 , it will need more effort and sound judgment 42 . Trust is such an important part of a 43 relationship that it’s something that can’t 44 to lose. Every time I 45 Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 46 in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 47 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 48 that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
49 in the workplace, trust is important for strong 50 . It is something that every manager should work hard to 51 among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to 52 your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A 53 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be 54 you their best. Good 55 , like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
36. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
37. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
38. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
39. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
40. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
41. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
42. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
43. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
44. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
45. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
46. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
47. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
48. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
49. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
50. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
51. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
52. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
53. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
54. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
55. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【答案】36. C37. A38. B39. C40. D41. A42. B43. C44. A45. D46. A47. D48. B49. C50. D51. C52. B53. D54. B55. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
37.考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
42.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
43.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
47.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____53____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
49.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
【2021▪天津卷】
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience
34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22.考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
24.考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
【2018▪浙江卷】
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much time?
I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it 39 .
When I got into college, things 40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this 41 time, there was no sense of 42 to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43 . Once that happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work done.
One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline (副业). Since his regular job was 48 , I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 . He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed.
So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.
36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect
38. A. watched B. loved C. coached D. played
39. A. at last B. right away C. of course D. as usual
40. A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered
41. A. extra B. difficult C. valuable D. limited
42. A. duty B. achievement C. urgency D. direction
43. A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling
45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off
46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired
47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
49. A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
50. A. childhood B. college C. town D. business
51. A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept
52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
53. A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading
54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
【解读】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过对比自己中学时期和大学时期对待作业的态度以及老同学的话，来阐明观点：越忙的人越可能把事做好，时间“过多”反而会把事搞砸。
36. D 通读全文可知，作者论述观点：越忙的人越可能把事做好。因此，此处作者提出了疑问，有太多时间是否可行。
37. A 根据下文high school可知，作者是在回忆中学时期的往事，故应为remembered。
38. D 根据上下文可知，作者中学时期参加了团队运动。
39. B 根据I only had a few hours to do my homework可知，作者回到家后写作业的时间很紧张，因此回家后不得不立即写作业。
40. C 根据下文I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.可知，作者上大学后发现自己上午没课，与中学时情况大不一样，故应为changed。
41. A 根据上文可知，作者由于上午没课而有了很多额外的时间。
42. C 根据上文I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. 可知作者上大学后上午没课，因此他没有立刻完成作业的紧迫感，故应为urgency。
43. D 根据下文I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. 可知，作者不再着急写作业，不断往后拖延，最终形成了一种习惯。
44. A 由于作者已形成拖延症，这导致学习这件事在他每天的生活中也越来越靠后。
45. B 根据上文可知，作者每天不急于写作业，并且经常往后拖，再根据空格后really late at night可知，作者为完成作业不得不开夜车，故应为staying up。
46. A 根据下文可知，作者遇见了一位老同学，两人交流了彼此情况，故应为met。
47. D 根据下文succeed推断，作者的老同学靠副业赚了很多钱，故应为making。
48. C 根据上文老同学靠副业赚了钱，和下文作者问他为什么不辞职专心经营副业可推断，老同学的正职工作很清闲，没什么事可做，故应为boring。
49. D 根据下文 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 . 以及 … if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed. 可知，作者的老同学如果没有正职工作，就会有大量的时间，故应为simply。
50. B 根据上文，作者的老同学觉得，如果辞职他会有太多空闲时间，将会像作者在大学期间一样拖延。
51. A 根据上文without the job, he … 可知，作者的老同学是在说自己如果没有正职工作的情况，故应为quit。
52. C 根据上文 have too much time and would just do what I did in 50 . 可知，作者的老同学认为如果辞去正职工作，时间就会很充裕，自己就会有拖延症，从而失去了工作和想要成功的干劲。
53. B 根据上文可知，作者认为人不能太清闲，因此要让自己忙碌起来，即用工作来充实生活。
54. C 根据下文，作者引用了一句谚语，故选saying。
55. B 根据全文，作者都在论述自己的观点，时间充裕的人反而会有拖延症。因此，不要把事情交给闲着没事的人做，即要找一个忙碌的人来做。
〖2019年以前高考真题题组〗
【2015·广东卷】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 56 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 57 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 58 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 59 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 60 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 61 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 62 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 63 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 64 . Now that the chances of dying 65 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 66 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 67 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 68 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 69 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 70 active and be devoted.
56．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
57．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
58．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
59．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
60．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
61．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
62．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
63．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
64．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
65．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
66．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
67．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
68．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
69．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
70．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay

【答案】56．A 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B 61．D 62．C 63．A 64．D 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．A 69．C 70．D
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
56．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。
57．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
58．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。
59．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。
60．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
61．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
62．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
63．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
64．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
65．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
66．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
67．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
68．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 　　13　　 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
69．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 　　15　　 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
70．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。

【2013·广东卷】
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27 until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32 able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明了鸟类在一定范围内也有和人类一样的感知数字变化的能力。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是意识到在数字方面改变的一种能力。A. rise上升；B. pattern模式；C. change改变；D. trend趋向。 根据下文的“For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one”可知，此处是指意识到数字方面改变的一种能力。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人吃惊的是，很多动物也有这方面的能力。A. Importantly重要地；B. Surprisingly令人吃惊地；C. Disappointedly失望地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上下文句意，此处表示惊讶，居然动物也具有这种能力。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个巢里面有4个蛋，你拿走了一个，鸟是不会注意到的。A. survive幸存；B. care关心，在乎；C. hatch孵化；D. notice注意到。根据下文的“For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 　　13　　 group.”可知，此处是指拿走一个蛋，鸟不会注意到。notice是原词复现。故选D。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你拿走两个时，鸟普遍会离开。A. generally普遍；B. sincerely衷心地；C. casually随意地；D. deliberately故意地。根据句意可知，此处是指如果被拿走的鸟蛋较多，鸟会注意到，遇到这种情况，鸟普遍会离开巢。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着鸟知道二和三的不同。A. distance距离；B. range范围；C. difference不同；D. interval间隔。结合上文给出的例子可知，鸟知道巢里面是两个还是三个蛋，即它们能分出二和三的不同。故选C。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外一个有趣的实验展示了鸟惊人的数字感。A. amazing令人吃惊的；B. annoying令人生气的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. disturbing令人烦恼的。 结合下文给出的例子可知，鸟类有一个令人吃惊的数字感，它们能辨别出小范围内数字的改变。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到这个人离开塔这只鸟才返回巢穴。A. relax放松；B. recover恢复；C. react反应；D. return返回。根据下文的“But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 　　11　　”可知，此处是指等人离开了塔，鸟才返回巢中。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此人有了一个主意。A. appointment约会；B. excuse借口；C. idea主意；D. explanation解释。根据下文的“He took another man with him to the tower.”可知，这是此人的一个主意。故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人离开，而另一个留下来，但他们没有骗到这只鸟。A. fool愚弄；B. hurt伤害；C. catch抓住；D. kill杀死。结合语境和根据下文的“It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 　　12　　 able to fool the crow.”可知，他们这样做是为了骗这只鸟。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该实验用三人和四人又重复了两次。A. reported报道；B. repeated重复；C. designed设计；D. approved赞同。结合上文可知，先是一个人参与实验，然后是两个人，现在是三个人和四个人，因此是重复该实验。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但乌鸦直到所有人都离开后才回到巢穴。A. confused困惑的；B. gone消失的；C. tired劳累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据上文“The crow stayed away until the second man left, too.”可知，此处只是等人离开乌鸦才回到巢穴。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到五个人进入塔内，四个人离开时他们才最终骗到这只乌鸦。A. gradually逐渐地；B. luckily幸运地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. finally 最终。结合上文提到的几次实验可知，此处是指到最后一次实验时，他们才最终骗到乌鸦。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果某物从一小部分东西中被拿走时，14个月左右大的孩子总是可以注意到。A. single单一的；B. small小的；C. local当地的；D. new 新的。根据下文的“But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 　　14　　 fooled.”可知，此处是指东西数量较小时，数字的变化14个月左右大的孩子可以注意到。故选B。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当数字超过三或四时，这些孩子常常被骗。A. seldom很少；B. temporarily暂时；C. merely仅仅；D. often常常。根据but表示转折，上文说孩子总是可以注意到小部分数字变化，可知，此处是指如果数字超过三或四，孩子常常就注意不到变化了。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎数字感是我们和动物在这个世界上共有的东西，并且我们人类的能力并不比一只乌鸦强多少。A. sight视线，视野；B. nature自然，本性；C. ability能力；D. belief信念。根据上文的“Human beings are born with this ability.”可知，此处是指人类感知数字变化的能力。故选C。
【2010·安徽卷】
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 , and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind.
    First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and unstable.
    Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission
55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A 55．B
【导语】本文是说明文。许多人在使用钢笔的时候不知道什么样的笔才是好笔,在购买的时候只注重其外表,忽略了好的钢笔所需的重要特点。本文给你在选购钢笔时提出了几点建议。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们忽视了对钢笔的使用，尤其是当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候。A. many许多；B. few很少的；C. pleasant令人高兴的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Most people give little thought to the pens they write with”可知，人们忽视对钢笔的使用，说明人们没多少时候要用钢笔。故选B。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现实中，人们仅为了追求外表好看而买钢笔，想知道为什么他们一旦开始使用它就不满意。A. looks外貌；B. reason原因；C. value价值；D. advantages好处。根据下文“they begin to use it”可知，人们买钢笔的时候只是追求外表好看，但是用的时候又不满意了。故选A。
38．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. once一旦；B. if如果；C. because因为；D. though尽管。根据这句话 “wonder why they are not satisfied　　3　　they begin to use it”上下文的意思可知，应该使用once引导条件状语从句。故选A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，只要遵循以下几点，你将会发现买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不是什么难事。A. convenient方便的；B. practical实用的；C. strange奇怪的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“if you keep the following in mind.”可知，如果按照下文的建议，买到满意的钢笔就不难。故选D。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，一支钢笔握在手中要感觉比较舒服，并且用起来不费力。A. heavy重的；B. easy不费力的；容易的；C. hard困难的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“a pen should fit comfortably in your hand”可知，这里指好的钢笔应该有的特点，所以是用起来很好用，不费力。故选B。
41．考查代词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的粗细程度是决定舒适程度的最重要的特征。A. taking带走；B. finding找到；C. determining决定；D. seeking寻找。根据下文“comfort”可知，这里指决定舒适度的是钢笔的粗细程度。故选C。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你有一只较大的手，并且手指较粗，你或许更喜欢用一支粗大的铅笔。A. strong强壮的；B. weaker弱的；C. smaller小的；D. larger大的。根据上文“Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，这句话是和上文构成对比，上文是小手，所以这里应该是大手。故选D。
43．考查代词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. prefer更喜欢；B. recommend推荐；C. prepare准备；D. demand要求。根据上文“Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，这句话是和上文构成对比，所以应该是小手粗指头的适合用细笔，大手更粗指头的更喜欢用粗笔。故选A。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的长度也影响使用的舒适度。A. hardly几乎不；B. also也；C. never从不；D. still仍然。根据上文“The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)　　　　　comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的粗细，后文说的是其长度问题，所以上下文应是并列关系。故选B。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钢笔太长的话就很容易让人感到顶端过于沉重，写字时也不稳定。A. thick厚的；B. light轻的；C. long长的；D. soft软的。根据上文“The length of a pen can　　9　　influence comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的长度，所以接下来应该解释为什么适合的长度也很重要。故选C。
46．考查代词词义辨析。句意：然后，当钢笔和纸接触时，其笔尖应该是能让墨水流畅地流出。A. change改变；B. allow允许；C. reduce减少；D. press按压。根据下文“the ink to flow evenly”可知，这里指一支好的钢笔的笔尖应该是允许墨水流畅地流出。故选B。
47．考查代词词义辨析。句意：这将使得你可以顺畅的书写变得可能。A. they他们；B. one一个；C. this这个；D. some一些。根据下文“will make it possibly for you to create a　　13　　line of writing.”可知，能完成这个要求的是上文提到的“Then, the writing point of the pen should　　11　　the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.”，指代上文的一句话，用动词this。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. thin薄的；B. rough粗糙的；C. black黑色的；D. smooth顺畅的，均匀的，光滑的。根据下文“line of writing”可知，这是指要在写字的时候，写出的线条是连贯的，流畅的，均匀的。故选D。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好的钢笔的笔尖应该灵敏到一旦笔被提起来就可以阻止墨水继续流出来。A. prevent阻止；B. free释放；C. protect保护；D. remove挪开，移走。根据下文“ink from running when the pen is lifted.”可知，这里指不写字的时候好钢笔应该有的特点：一旦笔尖离开纸面就能控制住墨水的流出，而不是肆意的继续滴落在纸上。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你提起笔或者把它再次放下时，笔尖若是不能阻止墨水的流出就会使墨水滴在纸上。A. way方法；B. sight视线；C. flow流动；D. stream溪流。根据下文“may leave drops of ink”可知，如果墨水继续往下滴，说明笔尖不能阻止墨水的流动。故选C。
51．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第15题详解。A. so因此；B. as当；C. and并且；D. yet但是。根据这句话的上下文意思可知，下文“you pick the pen up and put it down again”是指时间，用as引导时间状语。故选B。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，好钢笔应该写出来粗黑线条。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Generally大体上看；C. Afterwards后来；D. Finally最后。根据上文提到“First of all”和“Then”可知，上文讲述了许多好钢笔的特点这句话仍然是它的特点之一，是最后一点。故选D。
53．考查动词短语辨析。句意：好的行文线条也许可以弥补坏的书写，但是，细腻、精致的行文能引起丝毫不亚于印刷字体比如签名那样的注意。A. show up出现；B. differ from不同于；C. break down坏掉，垮掉；D. compensate for弥补。根据下文“bad handwriting”可知，这里指书写不好的话，如果钢笔写出来的行文很好，可以弥补一下不好看的书写。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. attention关注；B. support支持；C. respect尊敬；D. admission允许。根据下文“A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority”可知，作者认为优美的书法足以引起人们丝毫不亚于对印刷文字的关注——好的书法一样能够使人给予重视。故选A。
55．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. at most最多；B. for example例如；C. in brief简单的说；D. on purpose故意。根据下文“a signature on a printed letter”可知，作者是以签名为例来说明书法的重要性。故选B。
【2009·江苏·高考真题】
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real­life skills that 9 responsibility, problem­solving, and working as part of a team. 10 students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time­consuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully
11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【分析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对高中生是否应该参加社会服务学习的不同看法。
1．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，所有学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则他们将得不到文凭。A. spend 花费，度过；B. gain 获得；C. complete完成；D. save节约。根据上文“The requirements for high school graduation”可知，这是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，故选C。
2．B考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. and而且，和；B. or 否则；C. but但是； D. for为。否则他们就得不到毕业证。 根据语境可知，社会服务学习是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则就得不到毕业证，故选B。
3．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：服务学习的例子包括清理被污染的河流、在厨房里帮厨或辅导学生。A. Subjects课程；    B. Ideas观点；C. Procedures程序；D. Examples例子。下文“cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.”都是服务学习的具体例子，故选D。
4．C考查介词词义辨析。句意：在一次服务学习期间，学生必须写日志，然后写一份关于所学内容的报告。A. With随着，和；B. Before在…之前；C. During在……期间； D. After在…之后。空后说的写日志和报告是学生在服务学习期间应该干的事，故选C。
5．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. diary日记；B. report报告； C. note笔记；D. notice注意。根据语境可知，学生必须写完日志后，还要就他们学到了什么写一篇报告，故选B。
6．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：支持者声称服务学习有很多益处。A. courses 课程；B. benefits益处； C. challenge挑战；D. features特征。社会服务学习的支持者肯定会说它有很多好处，故选B。
7．A考查介词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，去意识到别人的需要。A. beyond 超出……范围；B. about关于； C. over超过，在……之上；D. in在……里面。根据常识和语境可知，学生们选择的社会服务项目不可能完全符合自己的兴趣爱好，他们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，故选A。
8．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful小心的；B. pround骄傲的；C. tired疲惫的；D. aware意识到的。空前一句说学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，因此他们要去意识到别人的需要，故选D。
9．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们还能够学习现实生活中的技能，包括责任感、解决问题和团队合作。A. possess拥有；B. apply应用； C. include包括；D. develop发展；空后提到的责任感、解决问题的能力和责任感都是现实生活中的技能所包括的方面，故选C。
10．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，学生可以通过服务学习探索可能的职业。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Finally最后；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Hopefully有希望地。根据本段第二句“Perhaps most importantly”及第三句的“also”可知本段讲服务学习的好处，本句是最后一个，故选B。
11．A考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.through通过；B.across穿过；C. of……的；D. on在……上面。根据空后的“service learning”可知此处指“通过服务学习”，故选A。
12．D考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管有很多好处，反对者指出了新要求的问题。A. So所以；B. Thus这样；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。空后说反对者指出新要求的问题，因此前后是让步关系，故选D。
13．C考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. deal with处理；B. look into调查；C. point out指出；D. take down记下。根据空后的“problems with the new requirement”可知，反对者指出了新要求的问题，故选C。
14．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们认为（争论说）学生上学的主要原因是学习核心学科和技能。A. argue争论；B. doubt怀疑； C. overlook忽视；D. admit承认。空后的“that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills”是反对者（争论）的观点，故选 A。
15．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为服务学习是要花时间的，所以学生用在主要科目的学习时间就更少了。A.much很多；B. full满的；C. less更少；D. more更多。空前一句说服务学习是要花时间的，学生用在主要科目的学习时间自然就更少了，故选C。
16．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们认为强迫学生无偿工作是违法的。A. cost花费；B. pay付报酬；C. care关心；D. praise 表扬。根据下半句“goes against the law.”可知，让学生工作而不付报酬是违法的，故选B。
17．A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我看来，服务学习是一种很好的方式，可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业。A. contribute to促进、有助于；B. appeal to呼吁；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to属于。此处contribute to是固定搭配，促进，有助于。空后提到了学习新技能和探索不同的职业，此处与之并列，应该是为社区做贡献，故选A。
18．D考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人——帮助别人的愿望必须发自内心。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides除此之外；D. However然而。空前一句说服务学习可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业，空后又说我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人，前后是转折关系，故选D。
19．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. desire愿望；C. emotion情绪；D. spirit精神。与被强迫去帮助别人形成对比，帮助别人的愿望应该是发自内心的，故选B。
20．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择。A. decision决定；B. purpose目的；C. solution解决办法；D. result结果。上文介绍了支持者和反对者的观点，再结合空后的内容可知此处是说解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择，故选C。

【2015·安徽卷】
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 73 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always looking for 79 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 80 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising
【答案】71．D 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．C 77．A 78．D 79．A 80．C 81．D 82．B 83．A 84．D 85．D 86．C 87．B 88．A 89．D 90．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C. observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
75．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除……之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，此处表示原因。故选A。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C. cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文　　5　　 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉价。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C. prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As 　　8　　 people, we are always looking for 　　9　　 to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
81．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B. returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对……做出反应；D. contributes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
82．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. addicted to对……上瘾，迷恋于……；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for new products also 　　11　　 to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. larger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。
84．考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages优势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A. show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D. brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环境。故选B。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B. Otherwise否则；C．Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。
89．考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of支持，赞成；C. after在……之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选A。