2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考前必刷卷：英语01卷（人教版2019必修三至选必一）（全解全析）

这是一份2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考前必刷卷：英语01卷（人教版2019必修三至选必一）（全解全析），共21页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分，测试范围等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末考前必刷卷
英语·全解全析

注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．测试范围：必修第三册和选择性必修第一册。
5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分27. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.
Physiology or Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.
Physics
Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.
Chemistry
The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Economics
The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.
1．What prize is related to the research with bones?
A．Physiology. B．Chemistry. C．Physics. D．Economics.
2．For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?
A．About societal functions. B．About the history of America.
C．About banks and financial crises. D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s.
3．What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and economics have in common?
A．Their winners are from different countries. B．They have three winners.
C．They improve new technology. D．They help people understand hardship.

【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、John F. Clauser和Anton Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carolyn R. Bertozzi、来自丹麦的Morten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。

B
Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.
My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.
I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.
I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.
4．Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?
A．Start the car as soon as everyone is seated.
B．Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.
C．Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.
D．Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.
5．The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ________ .
A．keep her appointment with the eye doctor
B．meet her father who was already an old man
C．join in the holiday celebration of the company
D．finish her work before the deadline approached
6．The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________ .
A．abandoned B．lacked C．avoided D．resisted
7．What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Emotional Well-being B．The Two Saddest Words
C．The Power of Now D．The Peace of Mind

【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲作者结合自己的生活经历谈论对“if only”这两个英语里最悲伤的单词的理解及看法。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段的“I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.(我总是努力按照“额外的一分钟”的规则生活。当我的孩子还小，可能会引发事故时，我总是在想我能做些什么来避免一个“如果”的时刻，不管是像把一杯热咖啡从柜台边缘移开这样的小事，还是需要多做一些工作，比如在玻璃咖啡桌的尖角上贴上衬垫)”可知，作者所说的“extra minute”rule是指在遇事时多思考一分钟，从而可以避免以后遗憾、犯错或失望。由此推知，D选项“在绊倒别人之前，把障碍物挪走”符合 “extra minute” rule。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realised that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all. (但后来我想到他已经84岁了，我意识到我不应该放弃见他的机会。我打电话给他，告诉他我已经决定在休息日去上班了)”可知，作者在周五去办公室是为了见自己已经年迈的父亲。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had(我们都知道有些人失去了心爱的人，并为此感到遗憾)”以及后文“opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”(说“我爱你”或者“我原谅你的机会”)”可知，我们都认识一些人，他们失去了所爱的人，并后悔不再有说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会。可知，故画线词意思是“不再有”，与abandon同义。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.(英语中最悲哀的两个词是“如果”。 我的生活目标是永远不必说这些话，因为它们传达着遗憾、失去的机会、错误和失望)”以及本文主要针对if only展开话题进行讨论，可知B选项“两个最悲伤的单词”最符合文章标题。故选B。

C
Even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence, it’s time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.
The tool, developed by Open AI, lets you type natural-language prompts (提示). ChatGPT then offers conversational responses. The robot remembers the information of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It draws its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.
ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not omniscient (无所不知的) or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound very authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.
But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle (不明显的).“It’s a mistake to be depending on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said. “We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳定性) and truthfulness.”
As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer,” said Mike Krause, data science director at a different AI company, Beyond Limits. “It’ll be explained clearly and sound like it came from some professor at Harvard. But if you trick it, you’ll get nonsense.”
There have already been many students who use ChatGPT to help them cheat with their homework and essays, but as with many other technology developments, it’s not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago, students could copy encyclopedia (百科全书) entries and use calculators, and more recently, they’ve been able to use search engines. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.
Many ChatGPT answers already sound like student essays, though often with an unnatural tone. High school teacher Daniel Herman concluded ChatGPT already writes better than most students today. He’s uncertain between admiring ChatGPT’s potential usefulness and fearing its harm to human learning. Dustin York, an associate professor of communication at Maryville University, hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
8．Why does the author think ChatGPT is a big deal?
A．Because it’s artificial intelligence that offers conversational responses.
B．Because it’s knowledgeable in areas with good training data to learn from.
C．Because it has all kinds of potential disadvantages, easy to spot or more subtle.
D．Because it helped students with their homework essays and wrote even better.
9．What did Mike Krause mean when he said the underlined words in paragraph 5?
A．ChatGPT was not able to form indirect answers naturally.
B．ChatGPT was not able to answer indirect questions correctly.
C．ChatGPT was not able to reply to indirect questions quickly.
D．ChatGPT was not able to explain indirect answers properly.
10．Why did the author mention encyclopedia, calculators, and search engines?
A．To show that ChatGPT is a tool that can be as helpful.
B．To show that ChatGPT is an invention that will be accepted.
C．To show that students should be allowed to use ChatGPT to write essays.
D．To show that students should be banned to use ChatGPT to write essays.
11．What does the author think of ChatGPT?
A．potential and knowledgeable B．robust and truthful
C．imperfect yet promising D．authoritative yet misleading

【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章认为即使你不喜欢人工智能，也是时候关注ChatGPT了，因为这是一件大事。但是要警惕ChatGPT也存在各种潜在的缺点，教育工作者应学会将ChatGPT作为一种工具，帮助学生批判性地思考。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from.( ChatGPT似乎对有良好训练数据可供其学习的领域非常了解)”可知，作者认为ChatGPT是一件大事，因为它在有良好训练数据的领域知识渊博。故选B项。
9．词句猜测题。根据第五段“As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer(正如OpenAI所强调的那样，ChatGPT的答案可能看起来很权威，但却是错误的。“如果你问一个结构很好的问题，目的是给你正确的答案，你可能会得到正确的答案)”以及划线句子前面表示语气转折的转折连词but可知，ChatGPT能正确地回答直接提出的问题，而对于非直接提出的问题，可能会出错，故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知，ChatGPT能作为工具帮助人们，可推理出文中提到百科全书、计算器和搜索引擎的目的是要说明ChatGPT可以作为工具给人们帮助，故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle(但要小心，OpenAI警告说。ChatGPT有各种潜在的缺点，有些很容易发现，有些更微妙,难以发现)”可推理出ChatGPT有不完美之处；根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知ChatGPT能够作为工具给人们提供帮助，可推理出ChatGPT有光明的未来，故选C项。

第二节：（共5小题, 每小题2. 5分, 共12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
From bird nests on rooftops to forest channels pulling cool air into city centers, innovative ideas are bringing nature into urban areas, all around the world. Here is a city that has found ways to mix greenery into its cityscapes (城市景色). ____12____
The High Line on the West side of Manhattan is a 2-kilometer long wheelchair-accessible public park. ____13____ It closed in the early 1980s and faced destruction before residents worked together to form Friends of the High Line, wanting to put the site to good use.
A design competition in 2003 generated interest and ideas for what to do with the space. ____14____ But the idea of an above-street level garden was recognized. And so the High Line opened in stages from 2009 to 2019, and is now a city greenway featuring over 150,000 flowers, shrubs and trees.
Engagement with the public is a huge part of the project’s success. In name, the High Line is administered by the NYC Department of Parks Recreation. ____15____ It’s considered by many to be a model for other cities seeking innovative ways to introduce green space into their urban landscape-Washington D．C． is hoping to follow the project’s example with their 11th Street Bridge Park.
This project shows how possible it is to mix nature into every cityscape. ____16____ As an innovative and inspirational way, it gives the whole planet a helping hand, even in the most urban of environments.
A．To be more realistic, it has a far more regional impact.
B．They are of great benefit to the population and the environment.
C．It was built along the remains of a section of a disused railway line.
D．To this end, it has introduced a number of “parklets” around the city.
E．The park is maintained and operated by enthusiastic volunteers in reality.
F．Perhaps rather sadly, amid-city rollercoaster (过山车) was considered impractical.
G．By 2030, no household should be more than a ten-minute walk from an accessible park.

【答案】12．B 13．C 14．F 15．E 16．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是重建的曼哈顿西侧的The High Line公园的相关情况。
12．空前说“From bird nests on rooftops to forest channels pulling cool air into city centers, innovative ideas are bringing nature into urban areas, all around the world. Here is a city that has found ways to mix greenery into its cityscapes (城市景色).(从屋顶上的鸟巢到将冷空气引入城市中心的森林通道，创新的想法正在将自然带入世界各地的城市地区。这是一个将绿色植物融入城市景观的城市。)”，说明这个城市很重视在城市里融入自然的元素，空格处应该说这样做的好处，B选项“They are of great benefit to the population and the environment.(它们对人类和环境都有很大的好处。)”说明了在城市里融入自然的好处，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
13．空前说“The High Line on the West side of Manhattan is a 2-kilometer long wheelchair-accessible public park.(位于曼哈顿西侧的The High Line是一个2公里长的公共公园，可供轮椅通行。)”，说明这是在介绍The High Line，空后说“It closed in the early 1980s and faced destruction before residents worked together to form Friends of the High Line, wanting to put the site to good use.(它在20世纪80年代初关闭，在居民们一起成立Friends of the High Line之前面临着破坏，他们想要好好利用这片土地。)”，也是在介绍这个公园，空格处应该也是介绍这个公园的内容，C选项“It was built along the remains of a section of a disused railway line.(它是沿着一段废弃铁路线的遗迹修建的。)”是对这个公园的介绍，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
14．空前说“A design competition in 2003 generated interest and ideas for what to do with the space.(2003年的一场设计竞赛激发了人们对如何利用这个空间的兴趣和想法。)”，空后说“But the idea of an above-street level garden was recognized.(但是，街面花园的想法得到了认可。)”，因此空格处应该提到某个不被认可的想法，F选项“Perhaps rather sadly, amid-city rollercoaster (过山车) was considered impractical.(或许相当可悲的是，在市中心坐过山车被认为是不切实际的。)”是不被认可的想法，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
15．空前说“In name, the High Line is administered by the NYC Department of Parks Recreation.(名义上，the High Line是由纽约市公园娱乐部门管理的。)”，空格处应该说实际上它是由谁管理，E选项“The park is maintained and operated by enthusiastic volunteers in reality.(在现实中，公园是由热心的志愿者维护和运营的。)”说明了它实际上是志愿者维护和运营的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
16．空前说“This project shows how possible it is to mix nature into every cityscape.(这个项目展示了将自然融入每一个城市景观的可能性。)”，这是在说这个项目的意义，空后说“As an innovative and inspirational way, it gives the whole planet a helping hand, even in the most urban of environments.(作为一种创新和鼓舞人心的方式，它向整个地球伸出了援助之手，即使是在最城市化的环境中。)”，说明这个项目有更大的意义，A选项“To be more realistic, it has a far more regional impact.(更现实地说，它的地区影响要大得多。)”说明了它有更大的意义，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。

第二部分 语言运用（共三节, 满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____17____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a ____18____ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and ____19____ experiments. “The first ____20____ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of ____21____ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____22____ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) ____23____ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new ____24____ should produce high yields, have stable production, and ____25____ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ _____26_____ , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team _____27_____ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with _____28_____ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is _____29_____ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not _____30_____ . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find _____31_____ on the land,” she said.
17．A．advertising B．cultivating C．discussing D．observing
18．A．journalist B．teacher C．researcher D．manager
19．A．precise B．efficient C．simple D．expensive
20．A．way B．attempt C．step D．question
21．A．encouragement B．support C．management D．trial
22．A．begin B．continue C．follow D．repeat
23．A．practice B．application C．declaration D．invitation
24．A．environment B．machine C．farmland D．variety
25．A．produce B．enhance C．show D．develop
26．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
27．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted
28．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying
29．A．normal B．tough C．varied D．specific
30．A．end up B．run out C．break up D．pay off
31．A．answers B．comfort C．dreams D．courage


【答案】
17．B 18．C 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，他做到了这两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. journalist    记者；B. teacher教师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years 　　17　　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. way方法，道路；B. attempt企图；C. step步骤；D. question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. trial审讯，试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. begin开始；B. continue继续；C. follow跟随；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. application应用，申请；C. declaration宣布；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 　　17　　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. show表明，表现；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. normal正常的；B. tough棘手的，艰难的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. run out用完；C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　　29　　 and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报A的。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. answers答案；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。

第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
32．Hannah is a model and performance artist____________ (devote) to ocean conservation.
【答案】devoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汉娜是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：be devoted to意为“致力于”，又本句已有谓语动，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填devoted。
33．Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became_________ (entire) different.
【答案】entirely
【详解】考查副词。句意：然后，重工业工厂搬了进来，事情变得完全不同了。修饰形容词different应用所给词的副词形式。故填entirely。
34．Despite the difficult ________(real), you must keep striving against pains and tears.
【答案】reality
【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管现实很困难,你还是必须不断地与痛苦和泪水作斗争。由空前的形容词difficult可知，此处应填名词，结合句意“现实”是reality。故填reality。
35．Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break ____________ in disasters.
【答案】down
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当无线网络在灾难中发生故障时，老式手机就显得很重要了。根据空前“when wireless networks break”和空后“in disasters”可推知，此处用固定短语break down，意为“发生故障”，表示无线网络在灾难中发生故障、无法使用，空处应用down。故填down。
36．The boy is addicted to________(play) computer games.
【答案】playing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：这个男孩沉迷于玩电脑游戏。be addicted to是固定短语，意为“沉迷于”，其中to是介词，后面应跟名词或动名词形式。故填playing。
37．I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but I’ve never had any thoughts of ________ (commit) suicide.
【答案】committing
【详解】考非谓语动词。句意：我也有过自怨自艾的时候但我从没想过要自杀。介词of后面应用动名词，故填committing。
38．Subsequently, they found it no good ________(expose) to too much information on the Internet.
【答案】being exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们发现在互联网上接触太多信息是没有好处的。此处考查句型find it no good doing sth，found后接代词it，为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动名词，expose与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用被动结构，故填being exposed。
39．By simply turning on the light in the room you could also switch ________your Internet connection.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意：只要打开房间里的灯，你就可以连接上互联网了。switch on固定搭配，意为“打开”，符合语境，故填on。
40．She wants to have an ______(occupy) where her management skills can be put to good use.
【答案】occupation
【详解】考查名词。句意：她希望有一个可以很好地利用她的管理技能的职业。根据空格前的冠词 an可知，空格处应填名词的单数作宾语，根据句意“职业”是occupation，为可数名词。故填occupation。
41．It’s no use ________(cry) over spilt milk.
【答案】crying
【详解】考查动名词。句意：覆水难收。固定句型It is no use doing …意为“做……是没有用的”，it是形式主语，用动名词作真正的主语。故填crying。

第三节 根据提示翻译句子。（共5小题; 每小题3分, 满分15分）
42．这对我而言是一次很棒的经历，从中我学会了要尊重他人。（respect）
【答案】This is a really wonderful experience for me, from which I have learned that I should respect others.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、宾语从句和时态。“很棒的经历”可译为：a really wonderful experience，故“这对我而言是一次很棒的经历，”可译为：This is a really wonderful experience for me，用一般现在时，表示客观事实；“从中我学会了要尊重他人。”意为：从这次经历中我学会了要尊重他人，故可用以which引导的非限制性定语从句，来修饰先行词“experience”，表达“从中……”，“我学会了要尊重他人”可用learn后接以that引导的宾语从句的形式表达，且表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时，可译为：from which I have learned that I should respect others；故本句答案为：This is a really wonderful experience for me, from which I have learned that I should respect others.
43．受地震影响的灾民无法与外界取得接触，这增加了救援的难度。(access n.)
【答案】People (who were) affected by the earthquake had no access to/could not have access to the outside world, which added to the difficulty of the rescue.
【详解】考查动词短语和一般过去时。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“受……影响”应用be affected by，此处可用过去分词作后置定语，也可用定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为人，所以应用关系代词who引导。表示“地震”应用名词earthquake。表示“无法与……取得接触”应用动词短语have no access to，或can not have access to。表示“外界”应用the outside world。表示“增加”应用add to，表示“难度”应用名词difficulty，表示“救援”应用名词rescue。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且修饰主句，所以应用关系代词which。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为People (who were) affected by the earthquake had no access to/could not have access to the outside world, which added to the difficulty of the rescue.。
44．科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。(break)
【答案】Scientists believe that they are starting to break through in their research on combating cancer.
【详解】考查宾语从句、动词和名词。“科学家”的英文为scientists，“突破”的英文为break through，“抗癌症的研究”的英文为research on combating cancer，“开始做”的英文为start to do sth，表示某阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时，故填Scientists believe they are starting to break through in their research on combating cancer。
45．多亏你不断地鼓励，我在学习上取得了显著的进步。(thanks to)
【答案】Thanks to your constant encouragement, I have made/been making remarkable progress in my studies.
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据提示，表示“多亏你不断地鼓励”应为介词短语作状语，应为thanks to your constant encouragement，位于句首时，thanks的首字母需大写；表示“取得显著的进步”应为make remarkable progress，表示“在学习上”应为in my study作状语，根据句意，该句应使用现在完成时have done，表示对现在的影响或者是使用现在完成进行时have been doing，表示“一直在进步”，主语是I，与谓语之间为主动关系，所以该句谓语动词应为have made/been making remarkable progress。故翻译为Thanks to your constant encouragement, I have made/been making remarkable progress in my studies.。
46．法律忽视了实际情况。(ignore)
【答案】The law ignores the reality.
【详解】考查时态。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“法律”翻译为the law，作主语，“忽视”为动词ignore，作谓语，此处应用三单形式，“实际情况”翻译为the reality，作宾语。故翻译为The law ignores the reality.

第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（满分15分）
47．假定你是李华，近期你市将于会展中心举办中国文化节，届时会有外国友人参加， 主办单位现向大众招募志愿者。请写一封信申请做志愿者。内容包括：
1. 写信目的;
2. 个人优势及能做的事情。
注意：
1. 词数80左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：会展中心 Exhibition Center;
中国文化节Chinese Cultural Festival
Dear Sir,
My name is Li Hua, a student from a local high school.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Sir,
My name is Li Hua, a student from a local high school. Knowing that the city is going to host the Chinese Cultural Festival in the Exhibition Center and is recruiting volunteers, I am now writing to apply to be one.
Born and raised in a traditional Chinese family, I have a deeper understanding of the Chinese culture, which makes me qualified to introduce the Chinese culture to foreign guests. Moreover, I have a good command of the English language, thus making the process of communication easier. Last but not least, not only am I outgoing and confident, but also I’m smart enough to deal with unexpected situations.
I would appreciate it if you could take the time and consider my application. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于近期你市将于会展中心举办中国文化节，届时会有外国友人参加，主办单位现向大众招募志愿者这一情况，写一封信申请做志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
得知：Knowing→ Learning
此外：Moreover → Besides
处理：deal with→ solve
精通，熟练：have a good command of→ be skillful at
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knowing that the city is going to host the Chinese Cultural Festival in the Exhibition Center and is recruiting volunteers, I am now writing to apply to be one.
拓展句：Because I know that the city is going to host the Chinese Cultural Festival in the Exhibition Center and is recruiting volunteers, I am now writing to apply to be one.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Born and raised in a traditional Chinese family, I have a deeper understanding of the Chinese culture, which makes me qualified to introduce the Chinese culture to foreign guests.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Last but not least, not only am I outgoing and confident, but also I’m smart enough to deal with unexpected situations.（运用了not only…but also...的固定句型。）
第二节（满分20分）
48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last Saturday, David was taking a walk in the park near his home when he noticed a woman with a boy of about eight years old. When David passed them, he heard the woman yell. “How stupid you are! You’re good at nothing.” David stopped and looked at the little boy. The boy said nothing. He just stood there, looking upset.
David was reminded of his English teacher Mrs Brown in middle school. After he entered a middle school, David lacked self-confidence because he was often made fun of by others. He was often told that he was good at nothing, which David behaved. But one day it all changed.
One day, in an English writing class, Mrs Brown asked them to read a novel. They were asked to write a new chapter of the novel after they finished reading it. A few days later, David handed in his story. He didn’t give it much thought. But the next day, to his surprise, the comment “well done” from Mrs Brown came into view the moment he turned to the page where the story was written. When David read that, he almost burst into tears. He never expected to be praised one day. He suddenly gained some self-confidence.
That day after he returned home, he wrote a short story and gave it to Mrs Brown the next morning. And again he was praised. David became very interested in writing. He often wrote short stories and asked Mrs Brown to read them and correct them for him. Mrs Brown always corrected the mistakes he had made and gave him good advice to improve writing skills. One year later, David joined the school newspaper and became an editor of it. He was no longer that boy who lacked self-confidence. He gained his confidence, and was hopeful about his future.
He succeeded in entering a college and kept writing. Several years after graduating from college, he had his first book published. With some more books coming out, he became famous as a writer in his country. And he owed his success to Mrs Brown’s encouragement. Without her encouragement, his life might be very different now.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Inspired by his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The mother was ashamed when she heard that.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
    Inspired by his own life story, David decided to do something for that boy. He went to the woman who immediately recognized him, because she had read his books and seen his pictures. The woman greeted David warmly. David started to chat with her. He told her about the encouragement he once got from Mrs Brown. In the end, he said, “I couldn’t have become a writer if I had believed I was good at nothing.” Then he looked at the woman seriously.
The mother was ashamed when she heard that. She realized that she shouldn’t have called her son stupid, which would make him lose confidence. So she said, “Thank you for your advice. I’ll never say such things to him again. Instead, I’ll find out what he’s good at and encourage him.” The woman then left with the boy. Looking at the back of the boy, David felt happy, hoping his action could make some difference to the boy.
【导语】本文讲述了主人公大卫偶遇一个女人在训斥一名八岁左右的男孩，说男孩什么都不擅长，这让大卫回想起了自己的经历。他在中学时缺乏自信，经常被别人取笑，人们说他什么都不擅长，但他的英语老师布朗夫人却表扬他的文章写得好，这给了他自信。他对写作很感兴趣，凭借自己的努力，他加入了校报，成为校报的编辑，进入大学后，他继续写作，并成为了一名成功的作家，他的亲身经历让他决定帮助这个男孩。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“受到自己生活故事的启发，大卫决定为那个男孩做点什么。”可知，第一段可描写大卫是如何帮助那个男孩的。
②由第二段首句内容“母亲听到后感到羞愧。”可知，第二段可描写听了大卫的话后，母亲的感悟。
2.续写线索：与女人打招呼——告诉女人自己的经历——女人的感受——女人态度的转变——大卫的感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.开始做某事：start to do sth./begin to do sth.
②.相信：believe/trust
③.为……而感谢：thank you for…/thanks for…
情绪类
①.热情地：warmly/passionately
②.高兴的：happy/pleased
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She realized that she shouldn’t have called her son stupid, which would make him lose confidence.  （由that引导的宾语从句作realized的宾语和由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Instead, I’ll find out what he’s good at and encourage him.（由what引导的宾语从句作find out的宾语）