高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共22页。试卷主要包含了Directins，概要写作，Directin等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As a guest in a beautiful country-China, I have been treated with great love and respect. I consider myself as a grandfather to my class, and that is a great honor for me.
Two years ago, I was in my Chinese classroom waiting for my students, when a lovely young girl entered the room. Suddenly the room was warm and cheerful. I was surprised at the change from a dull somewhat classroom to a bright and happy classroom so quickly. To seek the answer, I looked more closely at the Chinese girl who stood before me. By all accounts, she could be described as ordinary except for her smile.
She had the most beautiful smile I think I have ever seen. I was so impressed by her smile that I told my wife about the experience when I arrived home after the class. Since then when I saw this young lady, she had the same beautiful smile. She and I have become very good friends. I know there are at times when she has reasons not to smile. Nevertheless, her smile is always there and never fails to warm my soul.
Many times I have wondered the effect a smile had on others. I have decided that a smile is one of the greatest powers we possess. Nothing can better melt an angry heart more quickly or make people all around feel instantly better than a warming smile.
I have decided that as I walk along the lovely pathways of our beautiful campus, I will smile and say hello to those I meet. The smile makes all of us instant friends. A smile makes instant friends and is the magic ingredient that makes us all brothers, sisters and friends.
I would like to invite all to look up and smile at everyone they meet on our campus and streets. I decided to do so and know I will feel great pleasure being there in a strange land far away from my family because of you and the power of your smiles. Thank you for being my beloved grandchildren.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programmes but also starting up phys ed programmes because school boards often “put P. E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered”, says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programmes is partly due to the lack of a national standard. “Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum,” she added. The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The link between personality and success
The modern manager has to play the role of coach in charge of their team. And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.
Karl Moore, an associate professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common divides is between introverts and extroverts. Mr. Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are “ambiverts” who can display both characteristics.
An academic study also found that the children of professionals were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that undermine self-confidence. People with higher self-confidence may apply for more prestigious jobs and may be more likely to believe that their efforts will be rewarded; those with a negative self-image may feel it is not worth trying too hard.
Introverts should not give up hope of climbing the greasy pole. A study in 2017 found that introverts were slightly more likely than extroverts to surpass the expectations of boards and investors when appointed as chief executive.
Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts at times in order to succeed. Introverts must try to show enthusiasm, or make a stirring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams—not least because when the boss speaks first, subordinates will be reluctant to disagree.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another study, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his face; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to receive aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In understanding these and other research findings, two themes are important: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. For example, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be mailed, but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very good-looking person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to send in the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a plain T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone money to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for health than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be sick rather than drunk.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Ethical Dilemma of Driverless Cars
In 2014, the first self-driven car was sold by the company Induct Technology. This change has given rise to the concern of the ethical dilemma of driverless cars. Imagine the following scenario: you’re cruising down the highway in a driverless car. Your car is surrounded by a truck in the front, a motorcycle on your right and a SUV on your left. Suddenly the heavy load from the truck falls down. Crash into the fallen load, the motorcycle or the SUV? In this scenario, the decision taken would solely be based on the pre-written computer program so any damage can be looked on as a decision made with predetermination.
To no one’s surprise, the public has consequently spoken out against this controversial engineering marvel. To combat this, companies have integrated systems into their vehicles that can give more control to human drivers in extreme situations. For example, in 2016, Tesla made a decision that the car’s automatic system will not stop the driver in turning the car in a direction that the driver desires in an emergency situation, even if it is the one that would cause greater damage. However, this decision was also highly criticized as it endangered the passengers and any surrounding civilians. The official statement given by Tesla stated that they didn’t want to second-guess drivers in emergency situations and by doing so they could effectively tackle any situation that presents the dilemma.
Tesla’s decision, in fact, directly conflicts with the whole idea behind driverless cars that robots make better drivers than humans. While situations in the dilemma may cause fatalities, it is nothing compared to the accidents that human drivers cause.
Therefore, the decision made by Tesla is a huge setback for the advancement of society as a whole. Even though a group of people see this dilemma as morally wrong, they should also consider the mass amounts of lives that automatic cars can and have saved. It is reasonable to believe that if manufacturers stick to their “safety-first” motto and keep on improving their models with better technologies and more realistic simulations, there might be a day where the threat to human life is essentially zero.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Wearing Helmet
Some kids ride through city bicycle lanes like a professional, and others set out alone down quiet country lanes. However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found. And although children tend to wear helmets more consistently than adults, many still ride without one.
Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash. When you’re choosing a helmet, focus primarily on ensuring the correct fit. “A poor fit will impact the protection a helmet can provide,” says Angela Lumba-Brown, an emergency medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.
The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle. If you choose to buy online, Bowman suggests measuring your child’s head with flexible measuring tape about an inch above the eyebrows before choosing a size.
Helmet sizes are measured by head circumference (圆周), and helmets usually come with adjustable dials to accommodate a range of circumferences. For example, a 3-to-5-year-old child might wear a helmet with a 50-to-52-centimeter circumference. Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth. Once a sales associate helps you identify the right-sized helmet, adjust the dial until the helmet feels tight but isn’t causing the child discomfort. “After you dial in the fit, if you pull up lightly on top of the helmet, it shouldn’t come off their head,” he says.
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7．概要写作
Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.
“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.
“It’s huge,” said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, “if they are all battery-powered, we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium (锂) in the world,” he added. “So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”
Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.
In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.
Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips (芯片) that create electricity from ultrasound (超声波) to power implantable (可植入的) devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.
A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person’s heartbeat or other vital signs.
Research firm ID Tech Ex has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while Winter Green Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.
Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.
It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.
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8．Direction：Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve,and the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have,  their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge?Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Movement on a regular basis keeps kids healthy and fit for school. The benefits of sports have been demonstrated in numerous studies. Now a research team at the TU Munich has found proof of the correlation between physical fitness, concentration and health-related quality of life for primary school pupils.
The study involved 3,285 girls and 3,248 boys from Bavaria’s Berchtesgadener Land district. The key criteria were physical strength and endurance, the ability to concentrate and health-related quality of life, as determined by the scientists according to internationally standardized test procedures.
The results of the study show: The higher the level of children’s physical fitness, the better they can concentrate and the higher their health-related quality of life. While the boys did better on the fitness tests, the girls performed better in terms of concentration and quality of life values.
At the same time, in all tests for physical fitness overweight and obese children had significantly poorer results than underweight children and children with normal body weight. Obese children also had significantly poorer values for health-related quality of life on the whole, physical well-being, self-esteem as well as well-being in friendships and at school.
Another important result of the study: “Primary school pupils with good physical fitness and a good ability to concentrate are more likely to make it to secondary grammar schools,” says Prof. Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, holder of the TUM Chair of Preventive Pediatrics and Dean of the TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
“This means it’s all the more important to encourage motor development in children at an early stage, since this can also have a positive impact on the development of mental fitness,” adds Prof. Oberhoffer-Fritz. “Collaboration among parents, schools, communities and athletic clubs is very important when it comes to creating a comprehensive and appropriate range of possibilities.”
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How your unique story can get you hired?
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work? Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia (诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have? For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
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参考答案：
1．One possible version
The writer, a teacher working in China, was impressed by a girl’s sweet smile in his Chinese class two years ago, making him see the great power of smile.(要点1)Smile, one of our greatest possessions can warm people’s soul and melt people’s anger.(要点2)Besides, it can promote and deepen the relationships among people. (要点3)Therefore, as a stranger, the writer feels delighted to encourage people to smile more to others.(要点4)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，作者是一名在中国工作的教师，两年前，在他的语文课上，一个女孩甜美的微笑给他留下了深刻的印象，让他看到了微笑的巨大力量。微笑，我们最伟大的财富之一，可以温暖人们的灵魂，融化人们的愤怒。此外，它可以促进和加深人与人之间的关系。因此，作为一个陌生人，作者很高兴鼓励人们对别人多微笑。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Two years ago, I was in my Chinese classroom waiting for my students, when a lovely young girl entered the room. I was so impressed by her smile that I told my wife about the experience when I arrived home after the class.
②I have decided that a smile is one of the greatest powers we possess. Nothing can better melt an angry heart more quickly or make people all around feel instantly better than a warming smile.
③A smile makes instant friends and is the magic ingredient that makes us all brothers, sisters and friends.
④I would like to invite all to look up and smile at everyone they meet on our campus and streets. I decided to do so and know I will feel great pleasure being there in a strange land far away from my family because of you and the power of your smiles.
2.缜密构思
将第3个要点进行重组，将第1、2、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Smile is one of our greatest possessions, which has the power to warm people’s soul and melt people’s anger.
Smile can make distance no distance, bringing strangers closer.
Therefore, as a stranger, encouraging people to smile more to others makes the writer feel delighted.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The writer, a teacher working in China, was impressed by a girl’s sweet smile in his Chinese class two years ago, making him see the great power of smile.（运用了非谓语动词，其中现在分词短语working in China作后置定语，making him see the great power of smile作状语。）
[高分句型2] Therefore, as a stranger, the writer feels delighted to encourage people to smile more to others.（运用“feel/be+形容词+动词不定式”的固定表达。）
2．One possible version:
Physical education, as part of the core curriculum at school, is different now. When students learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance, they learn skills and experiences, which may play an important role in their future life. The new way of teaching still requires more consideration despite scientific support and many other supporters.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作为学校核心课程的一部分，体育教育正以与以往有所不同的方式回归，通过教授学生体育课以外有用的技能，为他们未来的生活中做准备，尽管有科学的支持和许多其他的支持者，要把新的体育教育方式纳入学校，仍然需要多方面的考虑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference.
②Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance.
③In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
④Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum.
⑤The difference in phys ed programmes is partly due to the lack of a national standard.
⑥The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support.
⑦Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5、6、7四个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Physical education, as part of the core curriculum at school, is different now.
When students learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance, they learn skills and experiences, which may play an important role in their future life.
The new way of teaching still requires more consideration despite scientific support and many other supporters.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When students learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance, they learn skills and experiences, which may play an important role in their future life. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句，动词不定式作宾语，which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]：The new way of teaching still requires more consideration despite scientific support and many other supporters. （运用了动名词作介词宾语）
3．Reference
Modern managing requires managers’ comprehensive personality understanding, with introverts, extroverts in equal percentage and ambiverts less. Children with professional parents are always extroverts for better family background and extroverts usually take decent jobs, believing in efforts will pay off. Introverts are optimistically encouraged to struggle for higher status. Ambiverts are potential excellent executives for their adaptability in different situations.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了个性与成功之间的联系。专业人士的孩子总是外向的，因为他们有更好的家庭背景，而外向的人通常会找一份体面的工作，他们相信努力会有回报。内向的人被乐观地鼓励去争取更高的地位。中间性格者是潜在的优秀管理者，因为他们在不同情况下的适应能力很强。
【详解】1 要点摘录
And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.
One of the most common divides is between introverts and extroverts.
An academic study also found that the children of professionals were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that undermine self-confidence.
Introverts should not give up hope of climbing the greasy pole.
Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts at times in order to succeed.
2.缜密构思将第1、4、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Modern managing requires managers’ comprehensive personality understanding, with introverts, extroverts in equal percentage and ambiverts less.
Children with professional parents are always extroverts for better family background and extroverts usually take decent jobs.
Introverts are optimistically encouraged to struggle for higher status.
Ambiverts are potential excellent executives for their adaptability in different situations.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Children with professional parents are always extroverts for better family background and extroverts usually take decent jobs, believing in efforts will pay off.（运用了现在分词作状语，省略了that的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Introverts are optimistically encouraged to struggle for higher status.（运用了不定式作补足语）
4．Research findings demonstrate the vital conclusion that those we like and we consider are worth assisting have a higher possibility of being helped. First, physically attractive people can get help more easily. Second, whether the potential helper and the person in need are similar makes the difference. Third, the “worth” of the case affects whether a person can get help.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了我们更愿意帮助我们出于某种原因喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①In understanding these and other research findings, two themes are important: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think deserve assistance.
②In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.
③The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.
④Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case.
2. 缜密构思
①是结论，②，③，④作论点支撑。
3. 遣词造句
Research findings demonstrate the vital conclusion that those we like and we consider are worth assisting have a higher possibility of being helped.
First, physically attractive people can get help more easily.
Second, whether the potential helper and the person in need are similar makes the difference.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Research findings demonstrate the vital conclusion that those we like and we consider are worth assisting have a higher possibility of being helped.(that引导的同位语从句)
[高分句型2]Second, whether the potential helper and the person in need are similar makes the difference.(whether引导的主语从句)
5．Driverless cars face the ethical dilemma. To handle it, Tesla gives control to human drivers in an emergency, but that causes criticism as it also threatens safety. Actually, Tesla’s decision is bad for social advancement as lives saved by automatic cars can’t be ignored. If companies stick to the “safety-first” principle and keep improving models, driverless cars can be safe.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说无人驾驶汽车面临道德困境。为了解决这个问题，特斯拉在紧急情况下将控制权交给人类驾驶员，但这也引发了批评，因为它也威胁到安全。实际上，特斯拉的决定不利于社会进步，因为自动驾驶汽车拯救的生命是不可忽视的。如果公司坚持“安全第一”的原则，并不断改进车型，无人驾驶汽车是可以安全的。
【详解】1 要点摘录①In 2014, the first self-driven car was sold by the company Induct Technology. This change has given rise to the concern of the ethical dilemma of driverless cars.
②To no one’s surprise, the public has consequently spoken out against this controversial engineering marvel.
③Tesla’s decision, in fact, directly conflicts with the whole idea behind driverless cars that robots make better drivers than humans.
④Therefore, the decision made by Tesla is a huge setback for the advancement of society as a whole.
2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句Driverless cars face the ethical dilemma.
To handle it, Tesla gives control to human drivers in an emergency, but that causes criticism as it also threatens safety.
Actually, Tesla’s decision is bad for social advancement as lives saved by automatic cars can’t be ignored.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：To handle it, Tesla gives control to human drivers in an emergency, but that causes criticism as it also threatens safety.（运用了非谓语动词中的动词不定式作目的状语。）
[高分句型2]：If companies stick to the “safety-first” principle and keep improving models, driverless cars can be safe.（运用了连词If引导的条件状语从句。）
6．As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical. Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍戴上头盔骑车在保护孩子安全方面也是至关重要的，并介绍了一些选择适合的头盔的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found.
②Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash.
③The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle.
④Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth.
2. 缜密构思
将1，2两个要点进行整合，将3，4两个要点进行精简分说
3. 遣词造句
As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.
Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet.
He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.用一个原因状语从句和分词作状语结构对一二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. 用动名词作宾语和一个省略的时间状语从句对第三段的内容进行总结，表达高级。
7．    Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced in the passage as a promising way to charge batteries in face of the upsurge of E-devices. Three forms of retrieving electricity mentioned involve body power, sound and radio waves. However, the complexity of obtaining stable energy and consumers’ preference for conventional battery-powered devices are the two obstacles facing EH.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了能量收集技术应运而生，并介绍了常见的三种能量来源媒介，尽管该技术前景巨大，但保持能量稳定的复杂性和消费者对该种产品偏好的不确定性是两个不容忽视的障碍。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat.
②Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power.
③Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation.
④A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves.
⑤Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however.
⑥It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced as a promising way to charge batteries.
Three forms of retrieving electricity involve body power, sound and radio waves.
The complexity of obtaining stable energy and consumers’ preference for conventional battery-powered devices are two obstacles.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Energy Harvesting (EH) is introduced in the passage as a promising way to charge batteries in face of the upsurge of E-devices.(运用了被动语态，动词不定式作后置定语等，对前三段内容进行了简明扼要地概括)
[高分句型2]Three forms of retrieving electricity mentioned involve body power, sound and radio waves.(运用了过去分词作后置定语，动名词作宾语等，对第四段——第七段的内容进行了整合概括)
8．How do we see someone’s growth? We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process. Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it. In the process, it is a long road that never really ends, and we need to overcome those feelings of insecurity and self-doubt along the way. There are always new things to experience, new ideas to try and new challenges to face. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了看待增长有两种基本方式：一种是产品，另一种是过程。然而，个人成长的过程是不容易判断的，因为它是一个进步，没有一个具体的反映，在这个过程中，这是一条永远不会结束的漫长道路，我们需要克服沿途的不安全感和自我怀疑感。如果我们不面对或克服这些内心的恐惧和怀疑，或者过多地保护自己，那么我们就会停止成长。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.
②By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.
③In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.
④If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt,if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
How do we see someone’s growth? We have two basic ways to see: the product and the process.
However, the process of personal growth is not easy to judge, since it is a progress and there is not a specific reflection on it.
If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Generally, people viewed personal growth as an external result or a product that can easily be identified and measured.(that引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt or protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.(if引导条件状语从句)
9．A research involving thousands of children focused on 3 key criteria and confirmed the relationship between physical fitness, concentration and health-related quality of life among primary school pupils. The physically healthier pupils concentrate and perform better, thus having more chances to continue secondary education than overweight peers. So promoting children’s motor skills at an early stage is important.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项科学研究：小学生身体健康、注意力集中和健康相关的生活质量之间的关系。身体健康的学生注意力集中，表现更好，因此比超重的同龄人有更多的机会继续接受中等教育。因此，在早期阶段促进儿童的运动技能是很重要的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Now a research team at the TU Munich has found proof of the correlation between physical fitness, concentration and health-related quality of life for primary school pupils.
②The key criteria were physical strength and endurance, the ability to concentrate and health-related quality of life, as determined by the scientists according to internationally standardized test procedures.
③The results of the study show: The higher the level of children’s physical fitness, the better they can concentrate and the higher their health-related quality of life.
④Another important result of the study: “Primary school pupils with good physical fitness and a good ability to concentrate are more likely to make it to secondary grammar schools,” says Prof. Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, holder of the TUM Chair of Preventive Pediatrics and Dean of the TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
⑤ “This means it’s all the more important to encourage motor development in children at an early stage, since this can also have a positive impact on the development of mental fitness,” adds Prof. Oberhoffer-Fritz.
2.缜密构思
将第①②两个要点进行整合，将第③④两个要点进行整合，将第⑤要点重组。
3.遣词造句
①A research involving thousands of children focused on 3 key criteria and confirmed the relationship between physical fitness, concentration and health-related quality of life among primary school pupils.
②The physically healthier pupils concentrate and perform better, thus having more chances to continue secondary education than overweight peers.
③So promoting children’s motor skills at an early stage is important.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A research involving thousands of children focused on 3 key criteria and confirmed the relationship between physical fitness, concentration and health-related quality of life among primary school pupils.（运用一个较为简单的句子对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中“involving thousands of children”为现在分词作后置定语，表达较高级）
[高分句型2]：The physically healthier pupils concentrate and perform better, thus having more chances to continue secondary education than overweight peers. （用一个句子对原文第三段，第四段和第五段进行了概括，“thus having more chances to continue secondary education than overweight peers”为现在分词作结果状语，表达高级）
10．(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
②The first one: why do you want to do this work? Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues.
③The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have?
④When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
When you experience self-doubt in job-hunting, perceiving your own story from a different perspective is helpful.
First, look for some possible reasons from your personal experiences.
Second, dig your unique qualities and exhibit them to the employers.
If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely to stand out among all the candidates.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）
【高分句型2】If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）