上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共52页。
阅读理解
“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds.
The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year.
“It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too.”
Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages.
Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades.
Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades.
From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year.
1．The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
A．achieve higher grades B．choose your friends
C．go to the library D．be lazy about studying
2．Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates?
A．To further test the theory. B．To figure out more study habits.
C．To put forward a new theory. D．To get more students to work hard.
3．To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College?
A．How many studious friends they have.
B．How they comment on their friends’ grades.
C．How much time they spent studying each day.
D．How they thought of their own college grades.
4．What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students?
A．If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend.
B．If you want to get on well with your roommates, you’d better work hard.
C．If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time.
D．If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects.

Years ago, I made friends with a couple who had recently fallen in love. It was glorious to be in their orbit, watching as their relationship blossomed into a serious commitment. I recall the night we celebrated their engagement, watching this golden couple swing each other on the dance floor, laughing while emitting a glow that could light a city grid.
As happy as I was for them, in that moment I couldn’t ignore a sudden heaviness of heart. That pang was back, whispering, “Why not me?”
It had been a long time between visits from the pang. In the past, it was a constant companion as I navigated life with naive notions of love, romance and fate. I had grown up believing a relationship should complete me. As a result, I often felt more lost than found as part of a couple.
Then as I matured, I took a closer look at those who I thought had it all, the ones who tick all the boxes, who look and act the romance-novel parts. And when I dared to explore under the shiny surfaces, I saw that no honest couple had what I’d assumed they had: the perfect relationship, the easy love, the lucky life.
No, what I saw was a lot of unhappiness. Yes, while some couples were both blissed and blessed, many admitted that their relationships were hardly the happily-ever-after.
What’s more, I grew to understand I avoided bad relationships and like my life too much to settle. I realized I am the cake and relationships just the icing. The pang only emerges when I make the mistake of comparing myself to others.
The reason why I’m sharing this is because in the past couple of weeks, I have watched that golden couple endure one of the ugliest break-ups. What I saw that night on the dance floor was a romantic illusion. When the bubble burst, the fall back to earth was terrible for them both.
Watching the break-up, I am aware that to protect perfection is to do reality an injustice. I accept the understanding that there is only one relationship that really counts in life and that is the one we have with ourselves. And mine is a healthy one, not golden, but rosy all the same, because as my friends’ split has proven once again, shine and sparkle can blind the rest of us.
5．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A．She was moved to tears by the engagement of her friends.
B．She didn’t really feel happy for the engagement of her friends.
C．She had mixed feelings while seeing the engagement of her friends.
D．She didn’t think her friends would live a happy life after their engagement.
6．Why did the author feel lost in her relationship in the past?
A．She was misguided to pursue the perfect love.
B．She was too naive to find a perfect partner.
C．She was keen on being a good partner.
D．She was immature to control her fate.
7．By “to project perfection is to do reality an injustice” in the last paragraph, the author implies that .
A．pursuing perfection does good to reality
B．we should never stop looking for perfection
C．what reality is all about is just perfection
D．a perfect relationship is hard to find in life
8．According to the author, what is the most important thing in life?
A．Accepting whatever you have in life.
B．Living in harmony with yourself.
C．Leading an admirable and happy life.
D．Having a golden relationship.


Face It
Debbie Harry
HARPER COLLINS
Picture this: it’s the late 1970s and the punk music scene is starting to take hold. Blondie releases the album Parallel Lines, which soars straight into the charts. Every teenage girl wants to be lead singer Debbie Harry, while every teenage boy wants to be her boyfriend. Now 75, Harry bares all in her memoir Face It, from her childhood to the hedonistic (享乐的) years of Blondie an then solo artist. Part entertaining, part shocking, this biography is as humorous, moving and as dynamic as its subject.

Scatterbrain
Henning Beck
NEWSOUTH BOOKS
The brain really dislikes being in a condition of uncertainty, says award-winning neuroscientist Henning Beck. If what we remember is fragmented, the brain will substitute in the rest of the information without you even noticing, he says in the chapter “Memory”. In this “user’s guide for your brain”, Beck argues that mistakes and faults are the keys to success. He combines science with brain-boosting advice and real-life stories to take the reader on a fascinating adventure through human memory.

The Right-Brain Work Out
Russel Howeroft with Alex Wadelton
PENGUIN
In 1968, 1600 five-year-olds were given a creativity test. They were retested at ages 10 and 15 and their scores were compared against adults. While 98 percent of five-year-olds were assessed in the “highly creative” range (genius level), only two per cent of adults could be considered “highly creative”. In The Right-brain Work Out, the authors promise to retrain your brain to be more creative, using 70 questions to probe and challenge you.
9．What can we learn from the introduction of Debbie Harry’s biography?
A．She was the lead singer in the Blondie during her whole art lift.
B．It was not true that The Parallel Lines was a hit in the 1970s.
C．Only teenager boys were greatly fascinated by her.
D．She reveals something seldom known to the public in her biography.
10．What can be inferred from the book Scatterbrain?
A．It mainly deals with memory science.
B．Readers will get enlightened on the power of mistakes.
C．Our brain can’t automatically make up for what’s missing.
D．Our brain likes the condition of finding fault.
11．From The Right-Brain Work Out, we can know .
A．two tests were given to the subjects in 1968
B．genius kids maintained their creativity into adulthood
C．a set of questions were designed to train creativity
D．the effect of the brain exercise remained to be proved

False medical news can lead to patients’ experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect (反安慰剂效果)”. Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention simply because they believe they will- -that’s the placebo effect. The nocebo effect is the opposite: Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo. Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs.
What else is on the fake news hit list? As always, vaccines. False concerns that the vaccine for the virus called human papilloma virus causes seizures (癫痫) and other side effects reduced coverage rates in Japan from 10 percent to less than 1 percent in recent years.
Cancer is another big target for pushers of medical misinformation — many of whom are making money off alternative therapies. “Though most people think cancer tumors are bad, they’re actually the way your body attempts to contain the harmful cells,” one fake news story reads. It suggests that surgery increases the risk of spreading harmful cells.
Silicon Valley needs to own this problem. When human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. The scientific community needs to do its part to educate the public about key concepts in research, such as the difference between observational studies and higher quality randomized trials.
Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials, perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results. Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia, a serious mental disorder.
12．What does the writer imply about the side effects of statins?
A．They are common in certain patients.
B．They aren’t like those of placebos.
C．They don’t really exist.
D．They disappear very soon.
13．Which statement is the writer most likely to agree with?
A．The public should put more trust in news coverage.
B．Silicon Valley ought to take the blame for the fake medicine.
C．The scientific community ought to involve the public in research.
D．Journalists should be objective while reporting medical news.
14．The word “unduly” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．on a small scale B．overly C．as likely as not D．universally
15．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To warn readers against fake medical news on the Internet.
B．To encourage journalists to report more positive news events.
C．To tell readers what role the “nocebo effect” plays in treating disease.
D．To teach readers how to distinguish truths from fake news.


The Shepherd’s Life by James Rebanks
Reviewed by Helena
No lyrical, romantic account, but a hard-bitten, dull and down-to-earth story of a family, a community and an environment. A story of cycles — of seasons, years, people, generations, stretches back centuries. A story of farming which only exists now in the remoter, wilder regions of the UK, where the land is too hard and the environment too harsh for farming to be an “agribusiness”. Where success, survival of farms, their sheep are dependent on knowledge passed down through generations and shared between farmers and shepherds in a small, close-knit and mutually-dependent community. A story of people hefted to their land every bit as much as their sheep are hefted to their fells.

A Month in the Country by J.L.Carr
Reviewed by L. R. Fisher
It is unbelievably simple and delightfully slow-paced, full of Lawrence-like description of a vanished (消失的) country landscape. The focal points are a casual and peculiar friendship between two war-scarred, shell-shocked men Tom Birkin and Moon. In a book barely 100 pages long, the author not only manages to give us a story that flows like a stream, but also achieves impressive characterization, bitter feelings of war and a corresponding celebration of peace, a little suspense, and even a twist in the tail.

A Walk in the Woods by Bill Bryson
Reviewed by T. Bently
Having read all of Bill Bryson’s travel books, this was the last one left. I hadn’t read this because I had been told it was one of his weakest one. But I decided, through no other reason that I needed a hit of Bryson, to read it. People couldn’t have been more wrong. From the very beginning of assessing the feasibility, arranging for Katz to accompany him to the purchasing of his equipment and the purchasing of “a large knife for killing bears and hillbillies”, Bryson is at his absolute best. His cute eye is a wise witness to this beautiful but fragile trail. His encounters along the trail and Katz anti-social, childish antics (滑稽动作) make the first 150 pages more than a laugh-out-loud hike. I couldn’t have been more surprised. An adventure, a comedy, and a celebration, A Walk in the Woods is destined to become a modern classic.
16．In The Shepherd’s Life, James Rebanks takes readers through a shepherds’ life ________.
A．featuring a hard struggle in the remote and beautiful area
B．alternated by the seasons and changed by the generations
C．little noticed, and deeply attached to the harsh land
D．spent in a profitable agricultural and friendly community
17．From the review of A Month in the Country we can learn that Tom and Moon ________.
A．have lived in a slow-paced country throughout their life
B．are war survivors with troubled memories
C．were deafened by the explosion of a shell in the war
D．will make the end of their story more fascinating to read
18．By saying “People couldn’t have been more wrong”, the reviewer wants to say that ________.
A．Bryson’s travel book is the best seller in travelling literature
B．Bryson’s travelling experience is laughable
C．it’s a pity that people turn a blind eye to Bryson’s travelling experience
D．A Walk in the Wood combines artistic quality well with natural beauty

Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless — a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory.
Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don’t use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to a Pew Research Center study released this week. The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China.
But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind - individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.
The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would exclude Internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push similar efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York, Philadelphia and the District.
While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say.
“Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit,” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.
According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of physical currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant gap in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, compared with people who make less than $30,000.
The Pew findings suggest that the benefits of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher earners to make all or almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study.
As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the traditional banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the criticisms of cashless payments.
*Note: CNBC美国消费者新闻与商业频道
19．What can be inferred about the global trend towards electronic payments?
A．Countries in the world are banning digital payments in their own ways.
B．Most countries are experiencing the increasing digitalization of payments.
C．Some countries are proposing measures to discourage cashless policies.
D．Most countries are actively promoting the circulation of physical currencies.
20．Why are some people left behind by no-cash policies?
A．Because they are opposed to electronic payments.
B．Because they lack the motive to open a bank account.
C．Because they don’t have access to financial institutions.
D．Because they are unable to use payment-related mobile apps.
21．Cashless policies may bring about the following benefits EXCEPT ________.
A．great convenience to consumers
B．greater protection against theft
C．excluding undocumented immigrants
D．improvement in customer service and efficiency
22．What is implied in the passage?
A．Americans with higher income are more likely to use cash.
B．Paper currencies will be replaced by digital payments soon.
C．Some people may pay a price for adopting electronic payments.
D．The gap in household income is irrelevant to the payment habits of people.

A Chinese coin found in a Hampshire field suggests that medieval (中世纪) trade between England and the Far East was more extensive than previously thought, a historian has said.
The coin of the Northern Song dynasty dates from 1008-1016, but is of a type that remained in wide use in China for several hundred years.
It is the second Chinese coin found in a medieval context in England and experts said that its discovery added weight to the idea that the two coins were genuine medieval losses and not dropped by modern collectors.
The coin was found by a detectorist near Petersfield and about 20 miles from the only other Chinese work of art from medieval England: a piece of blue and white porcelain (瓷器) from a small cup or bowl, which could be placed in Winchester in the 14th century.
Caitlin Green, a historian at the University of Cambridge, suggested in a blog that the coin might have been brought to England at about the same time as the porcelain.
She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century rather than a one-off. This was centuries before imports of Chinese goods became widespread in the 1600s, but about the same time as Chinese pottery is known to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
The history of Chinese goods in Britain goes back further, however, with rich Roman Britons known to have bought Chinese silk.
Dr Green said that goods from China would have reached England over several stages by way of the Middle East and Italy.
23．What can be learned about the two Chinese coins mentioned in the passage?
A．They were unearthed at the same site.
B．They were believed to have arrived at England in the 1300s.
C．They were found to have been owned by royals in France and Italy.
D．They were dropped by modem collectors.
24．The word “one-off” (paragraph 6) most probably means _______.
A．something that doesn’t happen regularly
B．something that doesn’t happen only once
C．something that happens on a small scale
D．something that happens unexpected
25．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage??
A．Chinese coin hints at vast medieval trade route
B．Coins and white porcelain trace back to ancient China
C．Chinese silk points at a lasting England-China relationship
D．History of Chinese goods in Britain has been redefined

The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).
Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.
The contest over the gently rolling hills of the Sauerland, a pretty district in western Germany, started as a joke.
Klaus-Peter Kappest, a photographer from Oberkirchen, had been frustrated for years by the slow pace of his uploads. At 15 megabits (比特,一种信息量单位) per second, it sometimes takes him several hours to send a batch of high-resolution images to his clients. One day Mr Kappest, 52, was chatting to his colleagues at Woll, a local magazine. He suggested that he would be better off delivering his photographs by horse. “That was the most reliable communications technology in the Middle Ages,” he said. “And the editor said, ‘Well let’s do it then, let’s see which is truly faster.”
Mr Kappest turned to Jakob Schutte, a rider who lives in the same village, and Favo, his horse. The photographer burnt 4.2GB of images on to a DVD, packed it into a bag and sent it off with Favo and Mr Schutte on the 10km ride to the printer’s office in Schmallenberg.
At the same time he uploaded the data through WeTransfer, a popular file-sharing service. The computer had a 20-minute head start while Mr Schutte started off down the road, past Wilzenberg mountain. Favo made the journey in 104 minutes. The file transfer, however, was not finished until the horse had returned to Oberkirchen more than two hours later. In total it took five hours.
There was a serious point behind the story. Germany has long been known for its poor broadband and mobile internet coverage, particularly in the countryside. Two years ago a report by a network regulator found that 29 per cent of internet users received less than half the speed to which they were contractually entitled. While things have improved, a global survey carried out this year found that it took on average 16 minutes and eight seconds to download a 5GB film through a German internet connection—a little better than the UK but worse than Puerto Rico and Barbados.
In the Sauerland, Mr Kappest’s area, millions of euros have been spent on a new network but the connections have yet to be switched on in dozens of towns and villages, including Oberkirchen. The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.
26．The story of a stagecoach is mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to _______.
A．lead in the topic B．introduce a new race
C．highlight a historical year D．correct people’s misunderstanding
27．Which of the following is true of Jakob Schutte and his horse?
A．They were hired by WeTransfer.
B．They used to live in Schmallenberg.
C．They completed the task in less than two hours.
D．They spent five hours on the way to Oberkirchen.
28．Which of the following is a consequence of the horse race?
A．Germany will realize its poor broadband service.
B．Mr Kappest will soon have a better internet connection.
C．More euros will be spent on the new network in the Sauerland.
D．Oberkirchen will be the first in Germany to stop any horse race,
29．Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A．Germany falls behind in wifi connection
B．History hardly repeats itself in normal ways
C．Uploading photographs in a modem world is all that easy
D．Horse power still has an advantage in race with village wifi

Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions—with smartphones, televisions, computers—that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.
According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge.
At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology trains faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. “One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.
Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker’s Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. “This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it’s in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you’re forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them? Drive them or have them driven? The flood of new technologies makes everything possible.
30．Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer’s responsibility?
A．He is devoted to designing innovative products.
B．He is devoted to making a product satisfy users’ needs.
C．He is devoted to improving a company’s internal language.
D．He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions.
31．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs.
B．High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing.
C．Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers’ feelings.
D．The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough,
32．Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that _______.
A．it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective
B．Hackett’s design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals
C．customers’ experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition
D．Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert
33．What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with?
A．For should pay less attention to new technologies.
B．Ford has long been ignoring customers’ experience.
C．Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills.
D．Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150.

Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle is an icon of British literature, world renowned for his crime fiction creation, “Sherlock Holmes”. His ability to create exciting stories filled with mystery still resonates with readers today, and modern reincarnations (再生) in both film and television mean Holmes is as popular as ever. The creation of such an extraordinary world would be an impossible task for most, so where did Doyle find the inspirations behind its conception?
The topics, characters and events that unfold within Doyle’s creations may seem far removed from you or I, but for Arthur, they were much closer to home. The main inspiration for Holmes was Arthur’s professor at Edinburgh Medical School, Dr. Joseph Bell. The doctor, armed with fantastic scientific knowledge and remarkable abilities in observation and deduction (演绎), would know someone’s occupation and habits from the tiniest details. On one occasion, he shocked his class by deducing the occupation of a patient simply from his accent, schedule, and hands. Additionally, working with murder investigations, illnesses and dead bodies through his studies, Doyle became very knowledgeable about this area.
Since school, Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories, so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness, right?
Well, not quite. Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character. While he ranked his work highly, he actually felt that his career had, “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying, “I must save my mind for better things.” Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem. Holmes and Moriarty plunge to their deaths at the Reichenbach Falls and Sherlock Holmes was finished.
But, as with any Holmes tale, there is a twist! Fans were extremly angry and canceled their subscriptions for The Strand Magazine in record numbers. The continuous pressure from fans and publishers finally led Doyle to publish a new story, The Hound of Baskervilles, in 1901. This, however, was set before the death of Sherlock so the complete resurrection (复活) happened in 1903, with The Adventure of the Empty House, in which it is revealed that only Moriarty fell and Holmes faked his death.
34．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The success of Sherlock Holmes made Doyle instant famous.
B．The invention of film and television has helped to promote Sherlock Holmes.
C．Doyle found inspiration mainly from Dr. Joseph Bell and his teacher in school.
D．Doyle’s writing capabilities was long recognized by his peers.
35．Why did Doyle feel frustrated with Sherlock Holmes?
A．The character was not as keen as Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．He couldn’t make much money from the book.
C．The book kept him from writing serious literature.
D．He was attacked by the fans of the book.
36．What can you infer from the passage?
A．Doyle didn’t show talent for writing until he met Dr. Joseph Bell.
B．The success of Sherlock Holmes was bitter-sweet to Doyle.
C．Many movies are adapted from the story of Sherlock Holmes.
D．Doyle was involved in murder investigations in order to write Sherlock Holmes.
37．This passage is most probably taken from ________.
A．a booklet of Doyle museum B．a website for fans of Holmes
C．a literary magazine D．an academic report

Eight steps to refocus your anxiety
Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope.
This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.
Take a break from the news. Doomscrolling can be addictive and increase the tragic nature of events. In one study, researchers found that those who were immersed in the Boston Marathon bombing news for multiple hours a day in the week after the event experienced higher stress than individuals who were on the scene. I advise those who are feeling depressed by the headlines to read the news just once a day, turn off alerts on their phone and, if possible, check social media less often.
Take care of yourself. You have to be in good fighting shape to cope with the current problems. That means boosting your resilience (韧性) by taking care of your nervous system (sleep well, eat well, exercise wisely) and engaging in positive activities.
Focus on the present. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the here and now. Worrying about the future is not helpful.
Try a breathing exercise. Taking a few deep breaths — for instance, breathing in into the count of five and breathing out to the count of five — will help calm your sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight response) and lower your anxiety. At the very least, breathing gives you something to do when your feel your heart rate pounding quickly.
Think about your victories. Remind yourself of what’s working well in your own life — whether it’s your job, friendships, or the array of houseplants you cultivated during the pandemic.
Be your own therapist. Ask yourself, what do I specifically feel hopeless about and why? Being able to put into words what’s getting you down can help you feel less flooded by emotions and better able to process the information rationally(理性地).
Take action. Worrying doesn’t help one’s mental health, but taking action does. Look around your community. Maybe your local playground would benefit from a basketball court, or your church could sponsor a refugee family. When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.
Join forces with a friend. Pick a cause. There are hundreds of nonprofits dedicated to addressing some of the most biggest challenges on the planet. Donate money to an inspiring organization or volunteer.
38．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To encourage people to help those in need.
B．To help those in need of help relieve anxiety.
C．To urge people to take action to help themselves.
D．To cheer readers up and boost a feeling of optimism.
39．What does the underlined part of the sentence mean?
A．“stopping moving and staying where you are”
B．“focusing on the present moment”
C．“placing yourself in a favorable environment”
D．“forgetting about the losses and gains”
40．Which of the following statements is in line with the author’s advice?
A．Only check social media once a day.
B．Involve oneself in activities that boost one’s nervous system.
C．Think of the past victories.
D．Engage in local issues and make contributions.

Surveillance is nothing new. The dark Satanic mill of 18th-century Britain had supevisros to crack the whip. Shops have long used CCTV to monitor customers and staff, and some factory workers have had to face the humiliation of timed toilet breaks. Still, if you enjoy the comfort of a white-collar job, you may be astonished to learn just how much you are being watched.
Calls and emails are monitored using ever more advanced software. Artificial intelligence is taking the monitoring to new levels, tracking everything from Zoom-call rictus and twitchy keyboard strokes to the consistent note of irritation in your voice, in an attempt to assess your productivity and judge your state of mind.
Surveillance is rising because work-from-home policies mean that employers are keen to keep tabs on their remote workforce. Before the pandemic, around one in ten of the large businesses had spying software. Within three years it expects the share to each 70 %.
Bosses also have ever-expanding amounts of data at their disposal, enlarging the digital footprint that can be monitored. Widely used software such as Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams or Slack can tell managers what time you clock in or how many calls you join on their platforms. Employee badges fitted with motion sensors and microphones can alert bosses if someone is loafing about. The blurring boundaries between work and home mean that video surveillance and other intrusive tools are barging into workers’ personal lives, social-media accounts and private devices at all times of the day.
The law is scrambling to adjust. In the state of New York, employees subject to electronic monitoring must be told in advance, under a new law introduced on May 7th. Connecticut and Delaware require similar disclosures. California is considering new laws to strengthen privacy protections for workers, including a ban on digital monitoring without prior notice. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation establishes some basic rights for staff. Yet it is still early days and the technology is advancing fast. As a result, most firms are only just getting their heads around how much remote work is likely to remain permanent. A clear boundary between embracing new technologies on the one hand, and protecting workers on the other, has still to be drawn.
There are perfectly legitimate reasons for surveillance at work. Many jobs require monitoring for safety, security and compliance. Investment banks’ traders are tracked to prevent insider dealing, and the decisions of social-media moderators (仲裁人) are traced and recorded to ensure consistency and accountability. In the same way that companies collect data on customers’ behaviour in order to improve their products, so professional employers are using monitoring tools to measure the productivity and engagement of their most important resource: their people. In the future such tools could help spot bad posture, root out bullying, and identify and share best practice among staff.
41．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the phenomenon of workplace monitoring
B．the history of surveillance in different industries
C．the new norm of employees after the pandemic
D．the benefits and drawbacks of remote work policies
42．According to paragraph 3, employers are more interested in keeping an eye on staff because ________.
A．spying software are much more popularized than ever before
B．more and more new employees are coming from remote areas
C．they share the way to manage employees during the epidemic
D．they want to ensure the productivity of employees working from home
43．The underlined sentence in paragraph 4 is used to ________.
A．point out how intense the competition is for Google
B．show the wide range of office software on the market
C．compare the performance of different spying software
D．list employers’ one possible access to staff’s working data
44．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
A．Monitoring at workplace is reasonable in some walks of life
B．Artificial Intelligence can forward employees’ email to their bosses.
C．Most workers in California are currently free from digital monitoring
D．Bosses can balance embracing new technology and protecting privacy.

Scrolling through Hudson Valley Craigslist one night, I come across a sprawling — but cozy — oak-floored Victorian house that’s perfectly isolated despite being two hundred years old. I buy it for a hundred and fifty thousand dollars, without having to borrow any money from my parents.
Moving is a breeze. Even at the end of the brisk drive upstate, I’m in a sea of B．L. M. signs and rainbow flags, and nobody wants to shoot me for my political beliefs. In fact, I receive several compliments on my electric pickup truck, and everyone calls me Chief.
Upon my arrival, the family of mice living in my house pack up and leave, but not before thoughtfully scrubbing the oven of their waste.
I chop so much wood for the natural-stone fireplace that my hands become calloused (长了老茧) (hotly) and I put on twenty pounds of muscle. Every day I wake up at 5 A．M. to volunteer at a nearby animal sanctuary, because the valley’s grand sunrises have transformed me, overnight, into a morning person.
A seemingly rude but bighearted neighbor, Meeks, shovels the snow from my driveway and tends to the yard, unprompted. When I offer to pay him for his work, Meeks says, “Please. I’m a huge fan of your writing—the art you put into the world is payment enough.”
At my favorite local dive, I play in a weekly poker game with a cast of colorful townies, like in “Nobody’s Fool.” We drink boilermakers all night but always make it home safely because the sparkling-clean Main Street trolley runs twenty-four hours a day.
Though I’m undoubtedly rich, and the value of my house has skyrocketed, my presence doesn’t interfere with the area’s cost of living, which remains low thanks to policies enacted by President Ocasio-Cortez.
My dad, a retired fighter pilot who’s always respected me, buys a small Cessna so he and my mom can fly up to visit once a month. Whenever he’s in town, my dad makes improvements to the house without being asked. When I offer to pay him, he says, “Please. Just seeing you this happy, successful, and physically powerful is payment enough.”
I don’t miss going to concerts, comedy shows. or the doctor. Most nights I’m content to sit by the fire with Meeks, sipping on applejack and playing cribbage, a simple game that I intuitively grasp.
I make frequent trips into Manhattan to see my friends, who’ve collectively decided not to have kids so we can hang more. They chuckle as I complain about the city prices, their envy subtle but detectable. Stirred by my glow, one by one they buy (slightly less impressive) houses down the road from mine.
A few years later, I adapt a novel into a critically acclaimed HBO mini-series, which I co-create with my pal and professional equal, John Oliver.
On my ninetieth birthday, I pass away in my sleep, calloused hands folded (hotly) on my barrel chest. The whole valley turns up for my Viking funeral, where the mayor puts the key to the city or township or whatever around my tree-trunk neck.
When my next of kin offers to pay for the funeral service, the mayor says, “Please. His time here, upstate, was payment enough.”
45．From the description of his early settlement into this part of the countryside, we can infer that the author ________.
A．likes to do things on his own B．is reluctant to make the changes
C．pursues his political beliefs strongly D．is critical of the environment where he lives
46．Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE according to the passage?
A．He enjoys watching comedies in the neighbourhood.
B．His depiction of the present life attracts his friends.
C．He gains some weight because he eats more than he did.
D．His parents are quite concerned what kind of life he is leading.
47．All the statements of others’ comment on the author contain the expression “payment enough” which is to illustrate ________.
A．he is tolerant of others’ payment B．he has paid enough for what he wants
C．he has done enough that deserves rewards D．he is willing to pay enough for what others do for him
48．What might be the best title of this passage?
A．My routine as a writer B．My fantasy in upstate
C．My pursuit of happiness D．My work in the countryside

Mona Lisa, also called Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo, Italian La Gioconda, or French La Joconde, oil painting on a wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, is probably the world’s most famous painting. It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence, and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum, Paris, attracting people throughout the world to see it in the 21st century. The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination.
But at least a dozen excellent copies of the Mona Lisa exist, many of them by Leonardo’s students. One such copy at the Prado Museum in Madrid was thought to have been painted years after the original. However, during the restoration of the painting in the early 2010s, which included using advanced reflexology to examine the work beneath the surface, conservators discovered that the painting had changes that mirrored those of the original. The findings suggested that the artist—likely one of the master’s assistants—painted the copy as Leonardo worked on the Mona Lisa in his studio. Thus, “the Prado version” became the only known copy completed during Leonardo’s lifetime. Conservators cleaned the entire painting and removed its black background, revealing a detailed landscape resembling Leonardo’s version and vibrant colors, possibly arousing those of the original before the paint applied by early restorers darkened over time.
Other copies of the Mona Lisa include so-called Isleworth Mona Lisa, which some critics claim is da Vinci’s first edition. The claim was a controversial one, with several leading Leonardo scholars flatly denying it. Numerous interpretations, often referred to as Monna Vanna, also exist and were likely completed by Leonardo’s students with occasional input from their master.
In June, a copy of the Mona Lisa is said to have been sold for a record 2.9 million euros (22 million yuan) at Christie’s in Paris. The copy is believed to have been made by a follower of Leonardo da Vinci in the early 17th century and later was purchased by Harkin in 1953 from an art dealer in Nice, France, hence it got the name Heggin’s Mona Lisa. High imitation is also worth money! As the art investment market heats up. various art reproductions continue to emerge. Collectors have not shut out these fine copies, some of which have not only made it into the house, but also sold for high prices. Is it really worth it to pay a high price for an art reproduction? This issue is getting more and more attention from collectors.
49．What can we learn about Mona Lisa in Para. 1?
A．This painting has been sold out.
B．Her smile and identity arouse people’s curiosity.
C．The painting is said to be hanging in Florence now.
D．The painting was created by Leonardo da Vinci in France.
50．What does “the Prado version”refer to in the passage?
A．All the restored copies. B．The works of early restorers.
C．A copy from the Prado Museum. D．An excellent copy of da Vinci.
51．Why don’t collectors turn away these wonderful reproductions?
A．Because of the entertainment. B．Because of the love for painters.
C．Because of the short supply. D．Because of the high returns.
52．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Mona Lisa B．Other Mona Lisas
C．Mona Lisa’s Smile D．Mona Lisa’s Value

The world is wasting the opportunity to “build back better” from the Covid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least 2.7°C if countries fail to strengthen their climate commitments, according to a report from the UN.
Tuesday’s publication warns that countries’ current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030,far less than the 45% cut, which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5°℃, the aim of the Cop26summit that opens in Glasgow this Sunday.
António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, described the findings as a “thundering wake-up call“ to world leaders. while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century, this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters, according to the UN emissions report, which examines the shortfall between countries’ intentions and actions needed on the climate. Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear, and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.
Guterres said: “The heat is on, and as the contents of the report show, the leadership we need is off. Far off. Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving, planet-saving ways. As world leaders prepare for Cop26, this report is another thundering wake-up call. How many do we need?”
Inger Andersen, the director of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) said: “Climate change is no longer a future problem. It is a now problem. To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5℃, we have 8 years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions: 8 years to make the plans, put in place the policies, carry them out and deliver the cuts.The clock is ticking loudly.”
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during Covid lockdowns, the report found, but only about one-fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions. This failure to ”build back better“ despite promises by governments around the world cast doubt on the world’s willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis, the UN said.
In the run-up to Cop26, countries were supposed to submit national plans to cut emissions - called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) - for the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs, and some governments had presented weak plans.
53．Why were the findings described as a “thundering wake-up call”in Para. 3?
A．Because the world has failed to deliver on its current promises.
B．Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.
C．Because a global temperature rise of at least 2.7°C would be a disaster.
D．Because the opportunities presented by covid-19 have been wasted.
54．According to the author, in what circumstances is global warming avoidable?
A．New plans will be made to protect the environment.
B．Measures will be taken to reduce emissions in the coming ten years.
C．Transitions will be made in response to the global climate crisis.
D．Global sustainable environmental resources will be greatly developed.
55．What is the author’s purpose in saying ”How many do we need?“ in Para. 5?
A．To show the number of alarm clocks required.
B．To inquire the number of the countries attending the meeting.
C．To explain the reason for the world’s wasting chances.
D．To stress the need to save energy and reduce emissions.
56．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.
B．Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.
C．Plans to cut emissions of many countries are far from satisfactory.
D．Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.

If you search the internet these days, you’ll likely run across some strange-looking, yet cheerful cartoon characters. These computer-created people have small heads and overdone bodies. They’re created in daring color with arms and legs that look like giant wet noodles. The happy figures are often moving or doing something creative.
In 2017 Facebook paid a design team to develop a positive illustration system. One of the designers took that message to heart. She worked to show human connection, motion, energy and joy in her drawings. She “wanted to picture that sense of joy people feel when they’re sharing things together....” The name which was given to the new art form when it was completed was very appropriate. They named it Alegria, which means joy in Spanish. Before long Alegria became the go-to style for many technology and media businesses. Corporations such as Google, Airbnb and YouTube began using Alegria or art with Alegria-type similarities. Today you can find Alegria art across the internet, in print, on magazine covers and more.
Why did Alegria art become popular so quickly? There are many reasons. As websites depended on illustrations to fill space, Alegria-type art became increasingly useful. The style is flat, simple and easy to create. By comparison, more detailed art designs require extra time, skill and money to produce. Businesses also love the fact that Alegria’s characters celebrate diversity by featuring international cultural events. The illustrations convey good feelings. Those feelings help people believe they can trust the companies that feature them on their pages.
For some consumers, though, that’s a problem. These people think some companies have simply papered over their problems with positive images. They’ve failed to address their wrongdoings or make lasting changes. For many, however, Alegria is a nice visual language that represents happiness. From children hugging to couples dancing, the images are all about positive energy. All in all, it seems that Alegria is the perfect name of this playful, fun art style.
57．Which of the following features makes Alegria art style so well received quickly?
A．Its cheerful room-filling images.
B．Its trustworthy figures.
C．Its role as cultural representatives.
D．Its eye-catching details.
58．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．Alegria images may help hide faults
B．positive images convey funny messages
C．illustrations can be audio in some way
D．small-sized cartoon characters enjoy popularity
59．Alegria is thought as the perfect name for the art style because of its ______.
A．system and creativity B．technology and impact
C．popularity and profit D．meaning and function

I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. I love animals and this fundraising event sounded right up my alley. However, none of my co-workers could squeeze time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about navigating the streets by myself at night alone.
But in my hotel room I felt restless and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I stray? Hence, I decided to brave it. I gathered my room key and set off.
I managed to find the street of the theatre but when I turned the corner I stopped in shock. The street in front of the theatre was full of bikers-lots of very big, tough-looking bikers.
Now I was a woman all alone at night. There were many large men, all wearing insignia suggesting they were in some sort of club or gang. Warning bells began to sound and my heart jumped in my throat. Was I at the right theatre? Had I misread the date of the event?
I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre where there was, presumably, a crowd of people. I scurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, waiting for the film to start, I muttered a prayer to contain my anxieties. A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band’s performance soon took away all my worries from my mind and I began to relax.
After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many disparate folks to the theatre. Singers, sportsmen, ordinary workers-had all been brought together by our shared love of animals. I made new friends. I discovered a new band and supported an important cause. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the boundary I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life.
60．The author didn’t go to the theatre at first because ________.
A．the theatre was far right up the alley
B．she couldn’t spare time from the training
C．she was afraid of getting lost on the way
D．she was concerned that she would catch cold at night
61．Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The group of bikers accompanied her into the theatre.
B．People inside the theatre rescued her from the harm of bikers.
C．She rang bells to warn people of possible dangers.
D．The opening act was successful in calming her down.
62．The underlined word disparate in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A．respectable B．diverse C．restless D．common
63．The woman returned back to the hotel very happy because ________.
A．she discovered a band she loved
B．she successfully went back to the hotel safe
C．she knew the reason for the presence of all the bikers
D．she stepped out of comfort zone and got good results

It’s tipping towards sunset on a November afternoon and St Michael’s Mount shines on the horizon reflected in the high tide that surrounds this Comish island. As I set out along the coastal path from Penzance to Marazion, it’s a surreal view. The mount, with its collar of gold-dotted water, looks like it’s floating. The podcast I’m listening to is telling me that the mount is also surrounded by a underwater forest. This blue space was once green.
I start from behind Penzance’s railway station and the first installation is revealed just after the signal box-a trident of posts that look like sticks made by Poseidon (三叉戟) himself. Rooted in the landscape but separate from it, like other good sculpture trails, this one offers a deeper link to the landscape, a perspective that a walk alone can’t offer.
The accompanying podcast encourages listeners to follow in the footsteps of local poets, scientists and folklore experts, while a downloadable booklet suggests ways of drawing, cooking, and food hunting inspired by the forest. Until they appear on additional signs along the trail in the spring, both can be found on Newlyn Art Gallery’s website.
As I follow the trail I listen my way around the landscape hearing about its marine biodiversity, rising sea levels (again), Cornish language and pirating history.
The sticks range from driftwood benches to short posts and tall crooks. Some have metal chairs and picnic benches. Newly upgraded, the path is accessible to all. In the dusk, I’m joined on my walk by a tide of pushchairs, e-bikes, wheelchair users, runners, iovers and dog walkers.
I keep going and bob along the path ahead, and the industrial estates on my left give way to the Scots pines and rushes of the Marazion Marsh RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) reserve. Eventually I dip down into Marazion along the beach, breathing the briny air swirling in over sea wrack (海藻).
As the tide is already in, it’s too late to visit St Michael’s Mount today, so I double back for a cuppa at the Hoxton Special, a cafe 10 minutes back along the path. Just beside it is the final cluster of posts. One of them is shaped like a chair, so I sink into it and watch the sun set over the bay.
64．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph One mean?
A．realistic B．false C．dreamlike D．imaginative
65．Which of the following statement is True about the trident post mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．It was the first thing the author encountered after he set out on his journey.
B．It once belonged to the mythical character Poseidon, dominator of the sea.
C．It can hardly be spotted by visitors if they choose to walk along the trail.
D．It adds to the local landscape though not necessarily a part of it.
66．What is the author’s journey like?
A．His journey progressed under the witness of the posts along the trail.
B．The author listened to podcast all the way on his journey and took the advice it offered.
C．Throughout his journey, the author was joined by various kinds of people and beautiful scenes.
D．The whole journey was naturally picturesque without traces of industry.
67．What can be the best title of this passage?
A．Journey of Wilderness B．Magnificent Trails C．Arty Walk D．Coastal Road Trips

Now that you know the answer to the question “What is artificial intelligence?” you might be wondering where it is. The fact of the matter is that AI is everywhere in our world. Here are just a few common ways you interact with it on a daily basis without even realizing it.
Gaming    
One of the most famous examples of early AI was the chess computer we noted earlier, Deep Blue. In 1997, the computer was able to think much like a human chess player and beat chess grand master Garry Kasparov. This artificial intelligence technology has since progressed to what we now see in Xboxes, PlayStations and computer games. When you’re playing against an opponent in a game, AI is running that character to anticipate your moves and react. If you’re a gamer, you’ll definitely be interested in the difference between AR and VR—and how AI relates to both.
Cars
Another example of artificial intelligence is collision correction in cars and self-driving vehicles. The AI anticipates what other drivers will do and reacts to avoid collisions using sensors and cameras as the computer’s eyes. While current self-driving cars still need humans at the ready in case of trouble, in the future you may be able to sleep while your vehicle gets you from point A to point B．Fully autonomous cars have already been created, but they are not currently available for purchase due to the need for further testing.
Health care
Currently, doctors are using artificial intelligence in health care to detect tumors at a better success rate than human radiologists, according to a paper published by the Royal College of Physicians in 2019. Robots are also being used to assist doctors in performing surgeries. For example, AI can warn a surgeon that they are about to puncture an artery accidentally, as well as perform minimally invasive surgery and subsequently prevent hand tremors by doctors.
Plus, robots come in handy when organizing clinical trials. AI can pick out possible candidates much more quickly than humans by scanning applications for the right ages, sex, symptoms and more. They can also input and organize data about the candidates, trial results and other information quickly.
68．What do we know about Deep Blue?
A．It is the first AI chess game computer ever created by human.
B．It defeated a grand chess master because it could think like a human.
C．If you play against Deep Blue, you will be interested in it.
D．Deep Blue is able to guess its opponents’ next moves and take actions against them.
69．What does the underlined words mean?
A．come into force B．are of help C．are readily available D．come into being
70．Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?
A．As long as the test is done, self-driving cars will be available for sale.
B．AI is highly accurate in tumor detection in health care industry.
C．AI can function as good assistants for doctors in multiple aspects.
D．AI can help correct the errors made by doctors when performing surgeries.

More and more, movies are either partly or entirely digital constructions that are created with computers. Right before our eyes, motion pictures are undergoing a revolution that may have more far-reaching, fundamental impact than the introduction of sound, color or television. Whether these changes are hardly visible or overwhelmingly obvious, digital technology is transforming how we look at movies and what movies look like, from modestly budgeted movies shot with digital cameras to blockbusters loaded with computer-generated imagery.
Predigital artifacts-typewriters and record players, maybe also books and newspaper — are often beautiful, but their charm will not save them from being eliminated. And the new techniques have their own appeal, to artists as well as consumers. Leading manufacturers are pushing out the production of 35-millimeter cameras. Within the next few years digital projection will not only be dominant at the major cinemas, but at art houses too
But film isn’t dead yet, despite the rush to bury it, particularly by the big studios. Film does not have to disappear. Film isn’t broken — it works wonderfully well and has done so for a century. There is nothing inevitable or natural about the end of film, no matter how seductive (诱人的) the digital technologies and. gadgets that are transforming cinema. A 16-millimeter film camera is plenty cool. A 35-millimeter film image can look amazing. On the other hand, we’re seeing too many movies that look thin, smeared (图像模糊), or too sharply outlined and don’t have the luxurious density of film and often the color.
The end of film isn’t technologically inevitable; it’s also about economics. In 2002 seven major studios formed the Digital Cinema Initiative, the purpose of which was “to establish and document voluntary specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality control.”
What these initiatives effectively did was outline the technological parameters (参数) that everyone who wants to do business with the studios — from software developers to hardware manufacturers — must follow. As the theorist David Bordwell writes, “Theaters’ shift from 35-millimeter film to digital presentation was designed by and for an industry that deals in mass output, saturation releases and quick turnover.”
71．The movie industry is now experiencing a bigger revolution than ________.
A．the transmission of sound signal through telephone
B．the birth of color film in the history of film-making
C．the broadcasting of news report on the television
D．the invention of computer and its application
72．Unlike record players, books, etc., film ________.
A．is more attractive to consumers and artists
B．is more readily accessible in public places
C．looks more amazing when it is created digitally
D．has not become eliminated owing to its unique appeal
73．Film has all the advantages over tech-support movies except ________.
A．greater image clarity B．rich color C．sharper outline D．higher density
74．The main objective of the Digital Cinema Initiatives is to ________.
A．set up technological standards for digitally made movies
B．help the movie industry survive the economic difficulties
C．save film from dying or being replaced by moving pictures
D．make it technologically possible to mass produce movies

















参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间学习，并且取得更高的成绩。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It’s no fun to study by yourself (独自学习毫无乐趣)”以及下文“and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too. (而你的朋友在图书馆，那么你也要去图书馆。当你在那里的时候，你可能也要完成一些学习)”可知，独自学习没有乐趣，如果你不想学习，而这时朋友恰好在图书馆的话，你也会去，这样多少可以学点。由此猜测，goof off意为“不想学习”，与D项“be lazy about studying”意思接近。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages. (当然，勤奋的人可能会被其他勤奋的人吸引。无论他们的朋友是谁，他们都可能会成功，并获得尽可能多的A。因此，研究人员检查了随机分配的室友是否也对学习习惯和成绩有积极影响。他们发现了几乎相同的结果：大一时被安排好室友的学生每天学习的次数也更多，平均成绩也更高)”推知，研究人员同时研究了随机分配的室友是为了进一步测试上文提到的理论——与勤奋的人交朋友会取得好成绩。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. (但是Berea College的学生被要求在每个学期结束时列出他们最好的四个朋友，他们每天都仔细记录他们的时间，包括花在学习上的时间)”可知，为了进行研究，研究人员在Berea College大学收集了学生每天用多长时间学习的信息。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. (根据这些信息，经济学家计算出了每个学生的大学朋友报告在高中学习的平均时间。他们发现，学生的朋友平均每周多花10个小时学习，学生自己在大学的学习时间可能每天增加近25分钟，而学生自己的平均绩点可能在大一期间增加近十分之一分)”可知，研究发现如果朋友勤奋好学，那么你也会在他们的影响下变得努力，进而取得较好的成绩。由此推知，研究者最有可能给大学生的建议是：如果想在学习上取得好成绩，你最好选择一个勤奋的朋友。故选A。
5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了人们不应该对于别人看起来完美的恋爱或关系产生过多干扰自己思维的负面情绪，因为存在于这些人们表面之下的事实，不仅很可能与表象相去甚远，而且也不是我们价值的唯一指标。文章通过亲身经历和心得体会，表达了对于恋爱关系的深刻思考和对于人生的洞察和感悟。最终得出的结论是，我们和自己之间的关系是唯一真正重要的关系，我们应该把焦点集中在自己的内心世界上，尽可能地从自己身上体验生命的真谛。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I recall the night we celebrated their engagement, watching this golden couple swing each other on the dance floor, laughing while emitting a glow that could light a city grid. (我记得我们庆祝他们订婚的那个晚上，看着这对黄金夫妇在舞池里互相摇摆，一边笑着，一边散发出可以照亮城市电网的光芒。)”及第二段“As happy as I was for them, in that moment I couldn’t ignore a sudden heaviness of heart. That pang was back, whispering, ‘Why not me?’(虽然我为他们感到高兴，但在那一刻，我无法忽视内心突然的沉重。那种痛苦又回来了，低声说：‘为什么不是我？’)”可知，作者在朋友的订婚仪式上为朋友高兴的同时也为自己感到难过，作者的感受是百感交集，故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the past, it was a constant companion as I navigated life with naive notions of love, romance and fate. (过去，当我带着对爱情、浪漫和命运的天真观念驾驭生活时，它是一个不变的伴侣。)”及第四段中“Then as I matured, I took a closer look at those who I thought had it all, the ones who tick all the boxes, who look and act the romance-novel parts.(然后，随着我的成熟，我仔细观察了那些我认为拥有一切的人，那些勾选所有盒子的人，那些看起来和表演浪漫小说部分的人。)”可知，过去的她被误导去追求完美的爱情，所以会感到失落。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“What I saw that night on the dance floor was a romantic illusion.(那天晚上我在舞池里看到的是一种浪漫的幻觉)”及最后一段中“Watching the break-up, I am aware that to protect perfection is to do reality an injustice.(看着分手，我知道保护完美就是对现实的不公正。)”可知作者是在暗示完美关系在现实中很难找到。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I accept the understanding that there is only one relationship that really counts in life and that is the one we have with ourselves.(我接受这样的理解，即生活中只有一种关系真正重要，那就是我们与自己的关系。)”可知，作者认为我们与自己的关系是唯一在生命中真正重要的关系。故选B项。
9．D 10．B 11．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三本书的情况，包括作者和大概内容。
9．细节理解题。根据第一部分介绍中“Now 75, Harry bares all in her memoir Face It, from her childhood to the hedonistic (享乐的) years of Blondie an then solo artist. Part entertaining, part shocking, this biography is as humorous, moving and as dynamic as its subject.(现年75岁的哈里在她的回忆录《面对它》中袒露了一切，从她的童年，到后来成为独唱艺术家的金发女郎的享乐岁月。部分有趣，部分令人震惊，这本传记和它的主题一样幽默，感人，充满活力)”可知，从黛比·哈里传记的介绍中我们可以了解到她在她的传记中透露了一些公众很少知道的事情。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第二部分介绍中“In this “user’s guide for your brain”, Beck argues that mistakes and faults are the keys to success.(在这本“大脑使用指南”中，贝克认为错误和过失是成功的关键)”可知，从Scatterbrain中，读者会明白错误的力量。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一部分介绍中“In The Right-brain Work Out, the authors promise to retrain your brain to be more creative, using 70 questions to probe and challenge you.(在《右脑锻炼》一书中，作者承诺重新训练你的大脑，让它更有创造力，用70个问题来探索和挑战你)”可知，从The Right-Brain Work Out中，我们可以知道一组问题被设计用来训练创造力。故选C。
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述虚假的医疗新闻会通过“nocebo效应”导致患者经历更大的副作用，同时希望网络媒体和记者能够对此关注，要更好地传播准确的信息。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs. (然而，根据一项研究，在临床实践中，近五分之一服用他汀类药物的患者报告了副作用，导致许多人停止服用该药物)”可推知，他汀类药物对特定患者的副作用是很常见的。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. (最后，记者可以更好地传播准确的信息)”可知，作者最可能同意“记者在报道医学新闻时应该客观”的说法。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials, perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results. Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia, a serious mental disorder. (新闻网站更有可能报道引人注目的观察性研究，而不是随机对照试验，也许是因为后者不太可能产生令人惊讶的结果。这样的报道夸大了益处，例如，声称他汀类药物可以治愈癌症；它可能会unduly强调潜在的风险，例如暗示与痴呆症（一种严重的精神障碍）有误导性的联系)”可知，这里强调新闻网站报道引人注目的观察性研究的时候，为了夸大了益处，可能会过度强调潜在的风险。由此可知，unduly的意思应该是“过分地”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“What else is on the fake news hit list? (假新闻热门名单上还有什么？)”和最后一段“Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. (最后，记者可以更好地传播准确的信息)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述虚假的医疗新闻会通过“nocebo效应”导致患者经历更大的副作用。由此推知，本文的主要目的是提醒读者警惕网上的虚假医学新闻。故选A。
16．C 17．B 18．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三本值得一读的好书。
16．推理判断题。根据The Shepherd’s Life部分中的“A story of farming which only exists now in the remoter, wilder regions of the UK, where the land is too hard and the environment too harsh for farming to be an “agribusiness”. Where success, survival of farms, their sheep are dependent on knowledge passed down through generations and shared between farmers and shepherds in a small, close-knit and mutually-dependent community.(一个只存在于英国偏远荒野地区的农业故事，那里的土地太硬，环境太恶劣，不适合农业成为“农业综合企业”。在这些地方，农场的成功、生存和羊群都依赖于代代相传的知识，以及农民和牧羊人在一个紧密联系、相互依赖的小社区中分享的知识。)”可知，牧羊人的生活发生在于英国偏远荒野地区，由此可知，这个地方鲜为人知；牧羊人和农民在一个小型、紧密和相互依赖的社区中共享知识，由此可知，他们深深地依恋着这片贫瘠的土地，所以说在《牧羊人的生活》中，詹姆斯·里班克斯带领读者走过一个鲜为人知的牧羊人的生活，他们深深地依恋着这片贫瘠的土地，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据A Month in the Country 部分中的“The focal points are a casual and peculiar friendship between two war-scarred, shell-shocked men Tom Birkin and Moon.(焦点是两个饱受战争创伤、患有震吓痴呆症的男人汤姆·伯金和穆恩之间一种随意而特殊的友谊。)”可知，汤姆和穆恩是震吓痴呆症的战争幸存者，由此可知，他们记性受影响，所以说回顾《乡村一个月》这本书，我们可以了解到汤姆和穆恩是记忆力不好的战争幸存者，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据画线句子下文“His cute eye is a wise witness to this beautiful but fragile trail. His encounters along the trail and Katz anti-social, childish antics (滑稽动作) make the first 150 pages more than a laugh-out-loud hike.(他可爱的眼睛是这条美丽而脆弱的小径的明智见证人。他沿着小路的遭遇和卡茨反社会，幼稚的滑稽动作使前150页不仅仅是在描述一个笑声百出的远足。我非常惊讶。一场冒险，一出喜剧，一场庆典，《林中漫步》注定要成为一部现代经典。)”和划线句子上文“I hadn’t read this because I had been told it was one of his weakest one.(我之所以没有读这本书，是因为有人告诉我这是他最差的一本。)”可知，刚开始别人告诉“我”不要读《林中漫步》这本书，因为这是Bill Bryson最差的一本书，但是在“我”读完后发现这本书不像别人说的那样，即别人的说法是错的，反而这本书很好，不仅描述了美丽的自然风景，而且还有冒险与喜剧色彩，由此可推知，此处说别人是错的，是为了表达这本书很好，即它将艺术品质与自然美很好地结合在一起，故选D。
19．B 20．D 21．C 22．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案，禁止企业使用无现金支付。此举将使该州与全球电子支付的趋势背道而驰，但会加强地方官员的抵制，他们认为无现金支付政策具有歧视性。文章介绍了人们对无现金政策的不同看法。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless — a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory.(新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案，禁止企业使用无现金支付。此举将使该州与全球电子支付的趋势背道而驰，但会加强地方官员的抵制，他们认为无现金支付政策具有歧视性。)”和第二段中“The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China.(调查结果显示，美国人对纸币的依赖程度正在降低，这与瑞典、印度和中国的情况相似。)”可知，电子支付是全球化趋势，由此可推知，大多数国家正在经历越来越多的支付数字化。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段“But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind - individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.(但州政府和地方官员表示，实行无现金政策的餐馆和商店让一些社区成员落在了后面——这些人没有办法开设银行账户，或者无法获得信用额度或支持数字支付的移动应用。)”可知，实行无现金政策让一些社区成员落在了后面，这是因为他们无法使用与支付相关的移动应用程序。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第五段中“While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say.(批评人士表示，虽然无现金政策为消费者提供了便利的承诺，为企业提供了更好的保护，使其免遭盗窃和伪造记录，但它们也可能将低收入消费者或无证移民排除在外。)”和最后一段中“As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics(正如CNBC指出的那样，商业领袖为无现金政策辩护时指出，尽管他们赞同批评者，但他们认为无现金政策安全性更高、客户服务和效率更高。)”可知，无现金政策带来的好处是为消费者提供极大方便，加强防盗措施，改善客户服务和提高效率，C项“排除非法入境者”不是其好处，故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第六段中““Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit,” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month(纽约市议会成员里奇·托雷斯（Ritchie Torres）上月在 Twitter 上表示: “无现金业务在设计上具有歧视性，对可能无法获得信贷/借记的低收入社区构成了挑战。”)”可推知，有些人可能会为采用电子支付付出代价。故选C。
23．B 24．A 25．A

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在英国Hampshire郡一块土地上发现了一枚中国硬币，这表明中世纪英格兰和远东之间的贸易比以前认为的要广泛。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“The coin was found by a detectorist near Petersfield and about 20 miles from the only other Chinese work of art from medieval England: a piece of blue and white porcelain (瓷器)from a small cup or bowl, which could be placed in Winchester in the 14th century.(这枚硬币是由一名侦探在彼得斯菲尔德附近发现的，距离另一件来自中世纪英格兰的中国艺术品大约20英里：那是一件来自一个小杯子或碗上的青花瓷，它可能是在14世纪的来到温彻斯特的)”及第六段“She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century(她说，这枚硬币和另一枚在柴郡出土的1066-77年北宋硬币的发现表明，温彻斯特瓷器可能是14世纪远东物品的一部分)”可知，文中提到的两枚硬币被认为都是在14世纪中国与远东贸易时到达英国的。故选B项。
24．词句猜测题。根据第六段“She said the finds of this coin and another Northern Song dynasty coin of 1066-77, unearthed in Cheshire, suggest the Winchester porcelain may have been part of the objects from the Far East in the 14th century rather than a one-off.(她说，这枚硬币和另一枚在柴郡出土的1066-77年北宋硬币的发现表明，温彻斯特瓷器可能是14世纪远东物品的一部分，而不是一次one-off)”中rather than表明one-off和上文“be part of”意思是相反的，即这些钱币是交易时常常用到的，而不是一次性的。因此划线词意为“不经常发生的事情”。故选A项。
25．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A Chinese coin found in a Hampshire field suggests that medieval (中世纪)trade between England and the Far East was more extensive than previously thought, a historian has said.(一位历史学家说，在汉普郡一块土地上发现的一枚中国硬币表明，中世纪英格兰和远东之间的贸易比以前认为的要广泛)”可知，本文主要讲述在英国发掘出土的一枚中国古币表明了中国在中世纪时期有着广大的贸易范围，直至远东地区。所以A. Chinese coin hints at vast medieval trade route (中国钱币暗示了中世纪广阔的贸易路线)概括了文章大意。故选A项。
26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段“The last time the horse seriously competed with man-made transport for speed was 1830, when a stagecoach won a race against America’s first domestically manufactured steam locomotive (蒸汽机车).(上一次马与人造交通工具在速度上的激烈竞争是在1830年，当时一辆公共马车赢得了与美国第一辆国产蒸汽机车的比赛)”以及第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”可推知，第一段提到公共马车的故事主要是为了引出话题。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第六段“Favo made the journey in 104 minutes.(Favo只用了104分钟就走完了全程)”可知，C选项“他们在不到两个小时内完成了任务”正确。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The horse race did its job: Mr Kappest has since been assured that his broadband will be up and running next month.(这场“赛马”起到了它的作用：从那以后，Kappest先生得到了保证，他的宽带将于下个月投入使用)”可知，比赛结果是Kappest先生很快就会有更好的网络连接。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now horsekind has emerged victorious over what is in theory a far more powerful opponent — the broadband internet connection.(现在，“马”战胜了理论上强大得多的对手——宽带互联网连接)”结合文章主要说明了一场通过赛马进行网速比拼的比赛，介绍了经过以及背后存在的网速问题。可知，D选项“在与乡村wifi的比赛中，马力仍然有优势”最符合文章标题。故选D。
30．B 31．C 32．C 33．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍UX设计师的职责，说明了企业竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer’s, marketer’s, or legal department’s perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone.(进入这个领域的是一类新的专业人士：用户体验设计师，他们的工作不是从工程师、营销人员或法律部门的角度来看待产品，而是从用户的角度来看待产品)”可知，UX设计师的职责是致力于使产品满足用户的需求。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company’s internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer’s.(并坚持认为，客户不应该学习说公司的内部语言。公司应该学会说客户的语言)”和第二段“According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end “hottest job” lists.(根据最近的一项调查，用户体验设计师的角色已经成为年终“最热门工作”名单上的固定角色)”可推知，公司更加重视顾客的感受。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation,” explained Bill Ford, the company’s executive chairman.(公司执行主席比尔·福特解释说：“吉姆吸引我的原因之一是他对设计思维的执着，他把人放在等式的中心。”)”可推知，福特雇佣吉姆·哈克特是因为公司相信在汽车制造竞争中，顾客的体验起着决定性的作用。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Hackett reflects Ford’s bet that the winner won’t be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine.(但哈克特反映出，福特的赌注是，赢家不会是最好的底盘制造商或软件制造商，而是能够把握人机交互的公司)”和最后一段的““This is what we call the design gap,” said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he’d drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up—this is a company’s skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company’s understanding of the customer’s experience. (哈克特在一次采访中指着他在白板上画的图上两条线之间的空间说。有一条线在上升——这是一家公司制造东西的技能，随着时间的推移而上升。下面是一条向下的线，代表一家公司对客户体验的理解)”推知，长期以来，福特一直忽视客户的体验。故选B项。
34．D 35．C 36．B 37．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作家柯南·道尔和他的《福尔摩斯》系列作品，道尔的创作灵感源于他的大学教授，他从学校开始便展露出众的写作天赋，《福尔摩斯》的成功带给道尔的并不都是幸福，还有因为无法创作严肃文学作品的沮丧，他因此结束了主角福尔摩斯的生命，但是因书迷们的反抗，后来又让主角复活了。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since school, Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories（从学校开始，道尔作为一个作家的天赋就很明显，因为同学们给他糖果，只是为了让他继续写他的故事）”可知，道尔的同学们都认可他出众的写作天赋，会给他糖果希望他保持创作。故选D项。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem.（道尔认为夏洛克会让他远离严肃的文学作品，这也是他在《最后一案》中杀死夏洛克的原因。）”可知，道尔之所以对夏洛克·福尔摩斯感到失望，是因为这个角色的受欢迎让他无法创作严肃的文学作品。故选C项。
36．推理判断题。根据第三段中“… so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness, right?（所以你会认为夏洛克在全国舞台上的成功给道尔带来了巨大的幸福，对吧?）”和第四段中“Well, not quite. Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character. While he ranked his work highly, he actually felt that his career had, “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying, “I must save my mind for better things.”（嗯，不完全是。很少有人知道道尔很快就对这个角色感到沮丧。虽然他对自己的工作评价很高，但他实际上觉得自己的事业已经“脱轨了”，他写信给母亲说：“我必须把心思放在更好的事情上。”）”可知，《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》的巨大成功带给道尔的并不完全都是幸福，虽然他对自己的工作评价很高，但他也意识到这让他无法创作严肃文学，因此感到沮丧。因此，夏洛克·福尔摩斯的成功对于道尔而言是悲喜交加的。故选B项。
37．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作家柯南·道尔和他的《福尔摩斯》系列作品，道尔的创作灵感源于他的大学教授，他从学校开始便展露出众的写作天赋，《福尔摩斯》的成功带给道尔的并不都是幸福，还有因为无法创作严肃文学作品的沮丧，他因此结束了主角福尔摩斯的生命，但是因书迷们的反抗，后来又让主角复活了。文章在介绍作家的同时，涉及了作品的相关趣事，相对来说比较客观，但并没有那么专业和艰深，所以应该出自一本文学杂志，而非道尔博物馆的小册子、福尔摩斯迷的网站、学术报告。故选C项。
38．B 39．B 40．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几种可以帮助人们缓解焦虑的方法。
38．推理判断题。文章第一、二段讲到“Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope. This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.  (想到看似无法解决的问题可能会导致焦虑的瘫痪，但还是有希望的。这是我给那些需要帮助的人的一些建议。)”可知写这篇文章的目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人缓解焦虑，故选B。
39．句意猜测题。文章本段主旨句“Focus on the present. (关注当下)”以及下文“Worrying about the future is not helpful.( 担心未来是没有帮助的。)”可推知下划线部分的意思是“关注当下”，故选B。
40．推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.(当人们参与当地问题时，他们会重新产生乐观情绪。)”可知符合作者的建议的是参与当地问题并做出贡献，故选D。
41．A 42．D 43．D 44．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工作场所存在的员工被监控的现象，电话和电子邮件被越来越先进的软件监控，老板们也有越来越多的数据可供他们使用，扩大了可以监控的数字足迹。为此相关的法律被制定出，加强对员工的隐私保护。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Surveillance is nothing new. The dark Satanic mill of 18th-century Britain had supevisros to crack the whip. Shops have long used CCTV to monitor customers and staff, and some factory workers have had to face the humiliation of timed toilet breaks. Still, if you enjoy the comfort of a white-collar job, you may be astonished to learn just how much you are being watched.(监视并不是什么新鲜事。18世纪英国黑暗的撒旦工厂有监督者来鞭策。商店长期以来一直使用闭路电视监控顾客和员工，一些工厂工人不得不面临定时上厕所的羞辱。不过，如果你享受白领工作的舒适，你可能会惊讶地发现自己被监视得如此之多)”结合文章主要说明了工作场所存在的员工被监控的现象，电话和电子邮件被越来越先进的软件监控，老板们也有越来越多的数据可供他们使用，扩大了可以监控的数字足迹。为此相关的法律被制定出，加强对员工的隐私保护。由此可知，这篇文章主要是关于工作场所监控现象。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“Surveillance is rising because work-from-home policies mean that employers are keen to keep tabs on their remote workforce. Before the pandemic, around one in ten of the large businesses had spying software. Within three years it expects the share to each 70 %.(监控正在增加，因为在家工作的政策意味着雇主们热衷于密切关注他们的远程员工。在流感大流行之前，大约十分之一的大型企业拥有间谍软件。预计在三年内，这一比例将分别达到70%)”可知，雇主对关注员工更感兴趣，因为他们想确保员工在家工作的效率。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Bosses also have ever-expanding amounts of data at their disposal, enlarging the digital footprint that can be monitored. Widely used software such as Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams or Slack can tell managers what time you clock in or how many calls you join on their platforms. Employee badges fitted with motion sensors and microphones can alert bosses if someone is loafing about. The blurring boundaries between work and home mean that video surveillance and other intrusive tools are barging into workers’ personal lives, social-media accounts and private devices at all times of the day.(老板们也有越来越多的数据可供他们使用，扩大了可以监控的数字足迹。谷歌Workspace、Microsoft Teams或Slack等广泛使用的软件可以告诉经理你的打卡时间，或者你在他们的平台上打了多少个电话。员工徽章上装有运动传感器和麦克风，如果有人在闲逛，可以提醒老板。工作和家庭之间模糊的界限意味着，视频监控和其他侵入性工具正在每时每刻闯入员工的个人生活、社交媒体账户和私人设备)”可知，第4段中划线的句子是为了列出雇主获取员工工作数据的可能途径。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are perfectly legitimate reasons for surveillance at work. Many jobs require monitoring for safety, security and compliance. Investment banks’ traders are tracked to prevent insider dealing, and the decisions of social-media moderators (仲裁人) are traced and recorded to ensure consistency and accountability.(在工作中进行监控是有完全合理的理由的。许多工作需要监控安全性、安全性和合规性。投资银行的交易员被跟踪以防止内幕交易，社交媒体主持人的决定被追踪和记录，以确保一致性和问责制)”可知，B选项“在某些行业，在工作场所进行监控是合理的”正确。故选A。
45．A 46．B 47．C 48．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中作者主要描述了自己在北州生活的幻想情形。
45．推理判断题。根据第四段“I chop so much wood for the natural-stone fireplace that my hands become calloused (长了老茧) (hotly) and I put on twenty pounds of muscle. Every day I wake up at 5 A. M. to volunteer at a nearby animal sanctuary, because the valley’s grand sunrises have transformed me, overnight, into a morning person.(我为天然石砌的壁炉砍了太多的木头，以至于我的手都长了老茧（热得），我的肌肉也长了二十磅。我每天早上5点起床。我去附近的动物保护区做志愿者，因为山谷里壮观的日出一夜之间把我变成了一个早起的人)”可推知，从他早期乡村定居的描述中，我们可以推断作者喜欢自己做事情，故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Stirred by my glow, one by one they buy (slightly less impressive) houses down the road from mine.(在我的光芒的鼓舞下，他们一个接一个地在我家附近买了房子（稍微没那么令人印象深刻）)”可知，B选项“他对当前生活的描述吸引了他的朋友”正确。故选B。
47．推理判断题。根据第四段“Every day I wake up at 5 A. M. to volunteer at a nearby animal sanctuary, because the valley’s grand sunrises have transformed me, overnight, into a morning person.(我去附近的动物保护区做志愿者，因为山谷里壮观的日出一夜之间把我变成了一个早起的人)”；倒数第六段“My dad, a retired fighter pilot who’s always respected me, buys a small Cessna so he and my mom can fly up to visit once a month. Whenever he’s in town, my dad makes improvements to the house without being asked. When I offer to pay him, he says, “Please. Just seeing you this happy, successful, and physically powerful is payment enough.”(我的父亲是一位退休的战斗机飞行员，他一直很尊重我，他买了一架小型塞斯纳飞机，这样他和我妈妈就可以每月飞过来看我一次。只要我爸爸在城里，他就会不请自来地把房子装修一下。当我提出付钱给他时，他说:“拜托。看到你这么快乐，这么成功，这么强壮，就足够了。”)”以及最后一段“When my next of kin offers to pay for the funeral service, the mayor says, “Please. His time here, upstate, was payment enough.”(当我的近亲提出支付葬礼费用时，市长说:“拜托了。他在纽约州北部待了一段时间，这是他应得的报酬。”)”可推知，所有其他人对作者的评论都包含了“支付足够”的表达，这是为了说明他做得够多了，应该得到奖励。故选C。
48．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“On my ninetieth birthday, I pass away in my sleep, calloused hands folded (hotly) on my barrel chest.(在我九十岁生日那天，我在睡梦中死去，长满老茧的双手交叠在我的肌肉发达的胸膛上)”以及最后一段“When my next of kin offers to pay for the funeral service, the mayor says, “Please. His time here, upstate, was payment enough.”(当我的近亲提出支付葬礼费用时，市长说:“拜托了。他在纽约州北部待了一段时间，这是他应得的报酬。”)”结合文中作者主要描述了自己在北州生活的幻想情形。可知，B选项“我在北州的幻想”最符合文章标题。故选B。
49．B 50．C 51．D 52．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍马德里普拉多博物馆(Prado Museum)收藏的一幅蒙娜丽莎这样的复制品。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination.（画中人神秘的微笑和她未经证实的身份使这幅画成为人们不断研究和迷恋的源泉。）”可知，从第1段我们可以了解到关于蒙娜丽莎她的微笑和身份引起人们的好奇。故选B。
50．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“One such copy at the Prado Museum in Madrid was thought to have been painted years after the original.（马德里普拉多博物馆(Prado Museum)收藏的一幅这样的复制品被认为是在原作之后多年绘制的。）”和“‘the Prado version’became the only known copy completed during Leonardo’s lifetime.（“the Prado version”成为莱昂纳多在世时唯一已知的复制品。）”可知，the Prado version是来自普拉多博物馆的复制品。故选C。
51．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Collectors have not shut out these fine copies, some of which have not only made it into the house, but also sold for high prices. Is it really worth it to pay a high price for an art reproduction? This issue is getting more and more attention from collectors.（收藏家们并没有把这些精美的复制品拒之门外，其中一些复制品不仅进了房子，而且还卖了高价。花高价买一件艺术品真的值得吗?这个问题越来越受到收藏者的关注。）”可知，收藏者不拒绝这些精美的复制品，是因为高回报。故选D。
52．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“‘the Prado version’ became the only known copy completed during Leonardo’s lifetime. Conservators cleaned the entire painting and removed its black background, revealing a detailed landscape resembling Leonardo’s version and vibrant colors, possibly arousing those of the original before the paint applied by early restorers darkened over time.（普拉多版本”成为了唯一已知的达芬奇在世时完成的复制品。修复人员清理了整幅画，去掉了黑色的背景，呈现出与达·芬奇版本相似的细节景观和鲜艳的色彩，可能唤起了早期修复者涂上的颜料随着时间的推移而变暗之前的原作。）”，可知，文章介绍了Mona Lisas的复制品，所以Other Mona Lisas为最佳标题。故选B。
53．C 54．B 55．D 56．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Covid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。文章介绍全球减排的重要性和所采取的措施。
53．推理判断题。根据第一段“The world is wasting the opportunity to ‘build back better’ from the Covid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least 2.7°C if countries fail to strengthen their climate commitments, according to a report from the UN.（根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Covid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。）”可知，在第3段中，之所以这些发现被描述为“雷鸣般的警钟”，是因为全球气温上升至少2.7摄氏度将是一场灾难。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据第四段“Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century, this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters, according to the UN emissions report, which examines the shortfall between countries’ intentions and actions needed on the climate. Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear, and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.（联合国排放报告指出，尽管100多个国家承诺在本世纪中叶左右实现净零排放，但这仍不足以避免气候灾难。该报告审视了各国在气候问题上的意图与所需行动之间的差距。人们发现，许多净零承诺并不明确，除非在这十年严格削减排放，否则全球变暖将达到潜在的灾难性程度。）”可知，根据作者的观点，在未来十年只有采取减少排放的措施，全球变暖才可以避免。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving, planet-saving ways. As world leaders prepare for Cop26, this report is another thundering wake-up call.（各国正在浪费以可持续、节约成本和保护地球的方式投入Covid-19融资和恢复资源的巨大机会。在世界各国领导人为Cop26做准备之际，这份报告再次敲响了警钟。）”和第六段中“Climate change is no longer a future problem. It is a now problem. To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5℃, we have 8 years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions: 8 years to make the plans, put in place the policies, carry them out and deliver the cuts.（气候变化不再是未来的问题。这是一个现在的问题。为了有机会将全球变暖控制在1.5℃以内，我们有8年的时间将温室气体排放量减少近一半:8年的时间来制定计划、实施政策、执行并实现减排。）”，可知，在第5段作者说“How many do we need?”的目的是强调节能减排的必要性。故选D。
56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the run-up to Cop26, countries were supposed to submit national plans to cut emissions - called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) - for the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs, and some governments had presented weak plans.（在Cop26的筹备阶段，各国应该提交未来十年的国家减排计划，即国家自主贡献(NDCs)，这是2015年巴黎气候协议的要求。但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的国家自主贡献，一些政府提出的计划也很薄弱。）”，可知，从最后一段可以推断出“许多国家的减排计划远不能令人满意。”故选C。
57．A 58．A 59．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了Alegria艺术风格作品。
57．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“If you search the internet these days, you’ll likely run across some strange-looking, yet cheerful cartoon characters. (如果你这些天在网上搜索，你很可能会遇到一些长相奇怪但又很快乐的卡通人物)”可知，该艺术风格的作品拥有快乐的卡通人物形象；根据第三段前三句“Why did Alegria art become popular so quickly? There are many reasons. As websites depended on illustrations to fill space, Alegria-type art became increasingly useful. (为什么Alegria艺术如此迅速地流行起来？原因有很多。随着网站依赖插图来填补空间，阿莱格里亚类型的艺术变得越来越有用)”可知，该艺术风格的作品在填补空间方面很起作用，这是它流行起来的原因。基于以上内容可推断出该艺术风格被迅速接受的原因是它的作品形象很快乐，又能有效填补空间。故选A项。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“These people think some companies have simply papered over their problems with positive images. (这些人认为一些公司只是用正面形象掩盖了他们的问题)”可知，该艺术风格的形象可能能帮助掩盖问题，即掩盖错误。故选A项。
59．细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“They named it Alegria, which means joy in Spanish. (他们将它命名为Alegria，在西班牙语中意思是开心)”和最后一段后三句“For many, however, Alegria is a nice visual language that represents happiness. From children hugging to couples dancing, the images are all about positive energy. All in all, it seems that Alegria is the perfect name of this playful, fun art style. (然而，对许多人来说，阿莱格里亚语是一种很好的视觉语言，代表着幸福。从孩子们拥抱到情侣们跳舞，这些画面都是关于正能量的。总而言之，Alegria似乎是这种有趣好玩的艺术风格的完美名字)”可知，这个名字所呈现的含义和这种艺术风格的形象具有的功能是一致的。故选D项。
60．C 61．D 62．B 63．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某次在芝加哥参加工作培训时，勇于走出酒店，去看了一部电影，并有了一次非常美好的体验。
60．细节理解题。根据第二段“But in my hotel room I felt restless and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I stray? (但在我的酒店房间里，我感到不安和无聊。剧院离旅馆只有五个街区。我怎么会迷路呢？)”可知，作者起初没有去剧院，因为她害怕在路上迷路。故选C。
61．细节理解题。根据第五段“A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band’s performance soon took away all my worries from my mind and I began to relax. (一个当地的布鲁斯摇滚乐队作为开场表演，他们的表演引起了我的注意。对乐队演出的热情很快驱散了我所有的忧虑，我开始放松下来)”可知，D选项“开场表演成功地使她平静下来”正确。故选D。
62．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Singers, sportsmen, ordinary workers-had all been brought together by our shared love of animals. I made new friends. (歌手、运动员、普通工人——都因我们对动物的共同热爱而走到了一起)”可知，来剧院的形形色色，有歌手、运动员、普通工人，即不同的人。故画线词意思是“不同的”。故选B。
63．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I made new friends. I discovered a new band and supported an important cause. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the boundary I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life.(我交了新朋友。我发现了一个新的乐队，并支持了一项重要的事业。我一直呆到最后，没有发生任何意外地到达我的旅馆，我很高兴我打破了我过去给自己设定的界限，冒险进入未知的领域。令我惊讶的是，这是我一生中最美好的夜晚之一)”可知，这位女士很高兴地回到了酒店，因为她走出了舒适区，得到了很好的结果。故选D。
64．C 65．A 66．A 67．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者沿着一条步道徒步的经历。
64．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The mount, with its collar of gold-dotted water, looks like it’s floating. (这座山的山顶点缀着金色的水，看起来就像在漂浮。)”可知，这里的景色很梦幻，surreal的意思是“如梦的”，和dreamlike意思相近，故选C。
65．细节理解题。根据“I start from behind Penzance’s railway station and the first installation is revealed just after the signal box-a trident of posts that look like sticks made by Poseidon (三叉戟) himself. (我从彭赞斯火车站后面开始，第一个装置就在信号箱后面——一个三叉戟的柱子，看起来像波塞冬自己做的棍子。)”可知，第2段提到的三叉戟哨所是作者踏上旅途后遇到的第一样东西。故选A。
66．细节理解题。根据第二段的“I start from behind Penzance’s railway station and the first installation is revealed just after the signal box-a trident of posts that look like sticks made by Poseidon (三叉戟) himself. (我从彭赞斯火车站后面开始，第一个装置就在信号箱后面——一个三叉戟的柱子，看起来像波塞冬自己做的棍子。)”，倒数第三段的“The sticks range from driftwood benches to short posts and tall crooks. (这些棍子从浮木长凳到短柱子和高曲柄杖都有。)”和最后一段的“Just beside it is the final cluster of posts. (就在它旁边是最后一组柱子。)”可知，他的旅程在沿途柱子的见证下进行着。故选A。
67．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“I start from behind Penzance’s railway station and the first installation is revealed just after the signal box-a trident of posts that look like sticks made by Poseidon (三叉戟) himself. Rooted in the landscape but separate from it, like other good sculpture trails, this one offers a deeper link to the landscape, a perspective that a walk alone can’t offer. (我从彭赞斯火车站后面开始，第一个装置就在信号箱后面——一个三叉戟的柱子，看起来像波塞冬自己做的棍子。像其他优秀的雕塑步道一样，这条步道根植于景观中，但又与景观分离，它提供了与景观更深层次的联系，这是步行无法提供的视角。)”可知，主要讲的是作者沿着一条步道徒步的经历，因此最好的题目是B选项“Magnificent Trails (壮丽的小路)”，故选B。
68．D 69．B 70．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了人工智能在日常生活中的几个应用场景。
68．细节理解题。根据“Gaming”部分的“When you’re playing against an opponent in a game, AI is running that character to anticipate your moves and react.( 当你在游戏中与对手比赛时，人工智能会运行该角色来预测你的动作并做出反应)”可知，深蓝能够猜测对手的下一步行动，并采取行动，故选D项。
69．词句猜测题。根据下文“AI can pick out possible candidates much more quickly than humans by scanning applications for the right ages, sex, symptoms and more.( 人工智能可以通过扫描合适的年龄、性别、症状等应用程序，比人类更快地筛选出可能的候选人)”可知，人工智能在组织临床试验时派上了用场，所以可以推理出划线词的含义应为“有帮助”，故选B项。
70．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“For example, AI can warn a surgeon that they are about to puncture an artery accidentally, as well as perform minimally invasive surgery (例如，人工智能可以警告外科医生，他们即将意外刺破动脉。人工智能也可以进行微创手术)”可知，人工智能可以帮助纠正医生在进行手术时犯下的错误，故选D项。
71．C 72．D 73．C 74．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字电影正在替代传统胶片电影。
71．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Right before our eyes, motion pictures are undergoing a revolution that may have more far-reaching, fundamental impact than the introduction of sound, color or television. (就在我们眼前，电影正在经历一场革命，它可能比声音、色彩或电视的引入产生更深远、更根本的影响)”可知，电影业正在经历一场比彩色电影在电影制作史上的诞生更大的革命。故选C项。
72．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Predigital artifacts-typewriters and record players, maybe also books and newspaper — are often beautiful, but their charm will not save them from being eliminated.(前数字时代的人工制品——打字机和电唱机，也许还有书和报纸——通常都很漂亮，但它们的魅力并不能使它们免于被淘汰)”以及第三段中“But film isn’t dead yet, despite the rush to bury it, particularly by the big studios.(但电影还没有死，尽管人们急于埋葬它，尤其是大制片厂)”可推知，与电唱机、书籍等不同，电影因为其独特的吸引力没有被淘汰。故选D项。
73．推理判断题。根据第三段中“On the other hand, we’re seeing too many movies that look thin, smeared, or too sharply outlined and don’t have the luxurious density of film and often the color.(另一方面，我们看到太多的电影看起来很薄，模糊不清，或者轮廓太明显，没有电影的奢华密度和色彩)”可推知，除了更清晰的轮廓之外，电影拥有技术支持电影的所有优势。故选C项。
74．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2002 seven major studios formed the Digital Cinema Initiative, the purpose of which was “to establish and document voluntary specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality control.”(2002年，七家主要电影公司成立了数字电影倡议组织，其目的是“建立和记录数字电影开放架构的自愿规范，以确保统一和高水平的技术性能、可靠性和质量控制。”)”可知，the Digital Cinema Initiatives的主要目标是建立数码电影的技术标准。故选A项。