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2023年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷含解析
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这是一份2023年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
To live better and be healthier，having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.
Lifesum
The app offers personalized dietary（饮食的）and fitness guidance for everyone.It not only allows users to track their weight，height，gender，and fitness goals but also provides micro tracking for those with specialized dietary requirements.The food and exercise tracking are accessible for free，as well as social features.Everything else requires subscriptions paid for three，six，or twelve months at a time in advance.
Home Workout
This health app provides workouts you can do at home with no equipment.Ranging from warm-ups，stretching，weight training and strength training，it provides video and animation guides，charts and tracking to help beginners.With this app，you won't need to spend a fortune on exercise equipment-just a download button and a few extra minutes for your daily fitness exercises.
Headspace
This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety，emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement.It even sends you the occasional message telling you to calm down and breathe a little bit.With a free 10-day trial and two fee-based subscription choices：12.99 per month and 69.99 per year.
TickTick
TickTick is a great to-do list app which helps users to remember occasions such as doctor's appointments，taking medicines or buying protein shakes.It is suitable for work and home tasks.It even allows users to share their categories and tasks with others.Though not a health app exactly，it's definitely helpful for health reasons.The free version offers all features and up to two reminders per task，while more than that costs extra ＄27.99 per year.
1. Which app offers dietary guidance？ ______
A. Lifesum. B. Home Workout. C. Headspace. D. TickTick.
2. What is the benefit of using Headspace？ ______
A. Boosting your passion to work out.
B. Developing a healthier eating habit.
C. Helping relieve your stress and anxiety.
D. Having access to diverse programs.
3. What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To compare the functions of health apps.
B. To introduce some helpful health apps.
C. To teach readers how to subscribe apps.
D. To guide readers to use apps for free.
B
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor，despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake（虚假的）TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants：The site was a "false reality"，despite millions of genuine reviews.He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so "The Shed at Dulwich" was born.Butler created a web page with a menu based off of emotions and attractive photographs of dishes.He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address，calling it an "appointment- only restaurant"，to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May，starting out as the 18，149th-ranked restaurant in the city：dead last.Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit，" one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We're fully booked，" Butler told the would-be diners.However，the restaurant's reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor's rankings.Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on Google to send free samples to Butler，expecting to work with him.In November，Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick.The story has been praised as an incredible feat（事迹）.However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
4. What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor？ ______
A. It is a reliable information source.
B. It creates a false sense of reality.
C. It has too many genuine reviews.
D. It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
5. How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant？ ______
A. By offering discounts and special deals.
B. By sending free samples to customers.
C. By getting a specific location on google.
D. By flooding the site with fake reviews.
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Butler earned people's trust.
B. False information can be disastrous.
C. Online information is threatening our safety.
D. Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
7. What message does the story convey？ ______
A. No investigation，no right to speak.
B. Well began is half done.
C. Honesty is the best policy.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
C
It's unlikely that we'll see a dodo，a flightless bird，walking this earth anytime again，according to Beth Shapiro，a evolutionary molecular biologist.
"When most people think about de-extinction，they're imagining cloning，" Shapiro said.Cloning，the approach that created Dolly，the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann，the black-footed ferret in 2020，creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus （细胞核） has been removed.Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal.Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells-skin，organs，blood and bones-the animal needs.
"But no living cells from dodos exist.Instead，" Shapiro said， "you'd have to start with a closely related animal's genome （基因组） and then change it into one similar to dodos." For example，mammoths （猛犸） are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants，so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell.However，there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.
As for the dodo，its closest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon.Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related，whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors.Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater，making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab，Shapiro said.
Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back，the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays，which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ ______
A. The special role of DNA. B. The process of cloning.
C. The development of cloning. D. The complexity of cloning.
9. What does Shapiro want to show by the example of mammoths？ ______
A. Dodos are harder to bring back to life.
B. Their living cells are hard to preserve.
C. Cloning can be used to recreate extinct animals.
D. They share a similar genome with Asian elephants.
10. What does the underlined word "formidable" mean in Paragraph 4？ ______
A. Urgent. B. Possible. C. Tough. D. Different.
11. What is Shapiro's attitude towards the rebirth of dodos？ ______
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Objective. D. Negative.
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture，the environment，during the organism's life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime，but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring （后代）.For the Geneticists，they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics，which is nature.An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes （基因） determines one's personality，rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings，it means how the person is raised，which includes nutrition，education，care，as well as the kind of surroundings，such as cultural influence，family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person's development against how easily humans are influenced by one's environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one's personality，nature dramatically outweighs nurture，for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However，nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.Even without nurture，the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction.More so，even when the nurture impact is successfully effected，it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person.It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？ ______
A. Nature's role is supported by additional evidence.
B. Personality development is determined by nurture.
C. Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D. Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
13. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______
A. What nurture means to human beings.
B. How living things develop after birth.
C. How nurture shapes human development.
D. How surroundings influence human beings.
14. How does the author stress the greater importance of nature？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By making contrast.
C. By conducting experiments. D. By citing research data.
15. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B. A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C. Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are？
D. Which Is More Important，Nature or Nurture？
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity for people of all ages，but it can be especially beneficial for children.
Gardening enhances children's senses and motor skills.In addition to being able to touch the soil，use various tools and seeds，children can also spot the differences between different plants，and hear sounds of different insects.（1） ______ .Gardening activities like digging，planting，watering，and weeding can stimulate movements of the body，particularly arms and hands，and help children learn about the natural world.
（ 2） ______ .Children's curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow.They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen.They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.
Plant care fosters （培养） patience and responsibility.（3） ______ ，and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health.Gardening also teaches children about caring for the environment，fostering a love and respect for nature.
Gardening promotes nutrition and healthy choices for kids.Planting and cultivating （培育） plants，picking vegetables and fruit，and involving kids in cooking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish to try and consume the food they prepared.They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.（4） ______ .
Gardening gives your family bonding time.Bonding with your family is so important，but it can be hard to realize with the digital age. （5） ______ ，which contributes to parent-child relationship.
A.Plants need regular and consistent care
B.Gardening gives you a chance to dial this back
C.Children get a head start on learning about science
D.Gardening involves scientific observations and creativity
E.It provides good，healthy outdoor activity for the whole family
F.This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits
G.Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
In my childhood，my family struggled to make ends meet.With three children to feed，my father worked as a janitor（看门人） and farmed our small field until dark.Despite our（1） ______ difficulties，my parents always did their best to（2） ______ for us.
One day，Mrs.Harper，my headteacher，brought a box of toys to school to give to （3） ______ children.Everyone was（4） ______ to contribute some of their own toys，but I hardly had any toys of my own.Glued to the toys in the box，my（5） ______ got wide with excitement.Mrs.Harper（6） ______ my expression and allowed me to choose two toys for myself.I was so（7） ______ feeling like the luckiest girl in the world.
Upon my arrival at home，I couldn't wait to（8） ______ them to my mother.But she gently explained that I couldn't（9） ______ the toys because there were many other children who were less（10） ______ than us.Although I was（11） ______ ，I was proud to（12） ______ them to the box because they were for those who needed them more.
Despite our financial struggles，my mother taught me to see myself （13） ______ and make me believe that we were rich in（14） ______ .My mother's（15） ______ has remained a constant source of inspiration，reminding me of the importance of empathy（同感能力），generosity，and sympathy.
21. A. various B. severe C. financial D. social
22. A. work B. look C. pay D. provide
23. A. poor B. lonely C. sick D. hungry
24. A. brought up B. called on C. cheered up D. sent out
25. A. mouth B. heart C. eyes D. hands
26. A. confirmed B. noticed C. imagined D. respected
27. A. grateful B. hopeful C. proud D. surprised
28. A. give B. describe C. explain D. show
29. A. keep B. receive C. hide D. fetch
30. A. capable B. fortunate C. positive D. successful
31. A. worried B. angry C. confused D. disappointed
32. A. donate B. return C. present D. bring
33. A. patiently B. completely C. differently D. honestly
34. A. faith B. imagination C. creativity D. love
35. A. expectation B. experience C. lesson D. gift
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Walking into the Palace Museum，visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture.But（1） ______ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it.The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology，thus（2） ______ （enhance） its capacity for cultural exhibition，communication，tourism services and heritage protection.
The Palace Museum，（ 3） ______ （ equip） with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety，has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices（4） ______ independent intellectual property rights （IPR）.The（5） ______ （history） risk data is used to study and compile （编译） safety risk assessment index system，risk judgment and early warning systems，and preventive measures.With the introduction of AI，big data and cloud computing，the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and （6） ______ emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
Additionally，digital technologies（7） ______ （ apply） by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics.It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information，850，000 pieces/sets of images，1，500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images （全景图） of all open areas，bringing cultural resources to life and offering（8） ______ （good） digital services for internet users.The Palace Museum is （9） ______ （true） an amazing example of applying the（10） ______ （combine） of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华。你校将举行废品手工制作爱心义卖活动。请给交流生James写邮件邀请其参加，内容包括：
（1）活动时间、地点；
（2）活动内容。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear James，
_________
Yours，
Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"Why are we bringing groceries for Mrs.Killinger？" Bobby asked his mother，Anna，as they walked back from the supermarket with a few extra bags for their elderly neighbor.He enjoyed helping his mother with these tasks，but they had never bought anything for any neighbor before.
"Honey，Mrs.Killinger is now having trouble walking around，so I offered to bring some things from the market，" Anna explained as they climbed up the wooden steps to Mrs.Killinger's house and rang the doorbell.
"OH，but she could get a wheelchair and move around，" the boy commented as if it was the most straightforward solution in the world.
"You know，Bobby.Mrs.Killinger doesn't have the money to buy one right now.
They can get expensive." Anna explained，and Bobby pursed his lips in thought.
Mrs.Killinger answered the door，smiled，and invited them for some coffee and cookies.Bobby noticed how slowly she moved，and an idea formed in his mind.He told the older woman and his mother all about it，and they grinned at him indulgently （宽容地笑）.Neither of them thought Bobby would do it.
That's why Anna was surprised the following day when Bobby had made several ads. "Mom，can you add your phone number here，so people can call me with work？"
"Oh，honey.This is very sweet.But I don't know if it'll be enough to raise the money she needs to buy a wheelchair，" Anna explained.She loved that her son had such a big heart，but he didn't want him to be heartbroken if no one called or he couldn't raise the money.
"Well，at least，I can say that I tried to help，" Bobby chirped （欢快地说）with his bright smile and eager eyes.Anna nodded and added her phone number to the ads.In his ad，Bobby offered his "services" which included helping with shopping，mowing lawns，keeping company，and walking dogs.He also left the price of his services，which made Anna smile.He honestly just wanted to help.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Anna helped him put up the ads around the neighborhood.________
Two weeks later，Bobby still hadn't raise the amount of money he wanted._________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文Lifesum部分中的关键句The app offers personalized dietary （饮食的）and fitness guidance for everyone.（该应用程序针对每一个人提供个性化饮食和健康指导。）可知，Lifesum能提供饮食指导。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Headspace部分中的关键句This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety，emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement.（这个冥想应用程序提供各种引导冥想，以缓解你的压力和焦虑，根据你的个人需求提供紧急SOS会议和各种项目。）可知，该应用程序可以缓解压力和焦虑。故选C项。
（3）写作意图题。由本文第一段的内容To live better and be healthier，having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.（为智能设备安装有用的应用程序有极大的好处，能够使生活更美好更健康。）并结合下文对四款应用程序的介绍可推知，本文的目的是介绍一些有用的健康应用程序。故选B项。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款有用的应用程序及其功能。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、D、B、A
【解析】（1）观点态度题。根据第二段中的The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake（虚假的）TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants：The site was a "false reality"，despite millions of genuine reviews.（故事开始时，人们认为欧巴•巴特勒（Oobah Butler）是在一个猫途鹰上为餐馆写假评论的兼职工作后发展起来的：该网站是一个"虚假的现实"，尽管有数百万条真实的评论。）可知，Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站提供了一个虚假的真实感。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit，" one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We're fully booked，" Butler told the would-be diners.（ Butler开始让家人和朋友在网站上发布虚假评论。"在伦敦度过了一个周末，听说这个地方是必去之地，"一个人写道。"在打了几个有点沮丧的电话后，我就进去了。"很快，顾客们开始打电话来。"我们已经订满了，"巴特勒告诉想要来用餐的人。）可知，Butler让他的家人和朋友开始在网上发布假的评论，进而引发了很多人都信以为真，很快这家餐厅的声誉在猫途鹰的排名中开始上升，由此可知，The Shed飙升至排名第一位是整个网上充斥着虚假评论的结果。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.（ 然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。）可知，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果，由此可推断，虚假信息可能是灾难性的。故选B项。
（4）主旨大意题。结合本文讲述的关于The Shed的案例以及最后一段中的However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.（然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。）可知，在一个受网络虚假信息影响的时代，被不诚实的人利用在线平台会产生不可想象的结果，由此可知，在这个信息时代了，不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论，也就是没有调查就没有发言权。A．No investigation，no right to speak.没有调查就没有发言权；B．Well began is half done.好的开始是成功的一半；C．Honesty is the best policy.诚实是最好的策略；D．God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。故选A项。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅，经过网上虚假的评论后，成为TripAdvisor网排名第一的餐厅。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段中"When most people think about de-extinction，they're imagining cloning，"Shapiro said.Cloning，the approach that created Dolly，the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann，the black-footed ferret in 2020，creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus （细胞核） has been removed.Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal.Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells-skin，organs，blood and bones-the animal needs.（夏皮罗说，当大多数人想到灭绝时，他们想象的是克隆。克隆技术在1996年创造了多利羊，在2020年创造了黑脚雪貂伊丽莎白•安，它通过将一个活的成年细胞的DNA放入一个细胞核被去除的卵细胞中，创造了一个完全相同的个体遗传副本。成年细胞含有发育成活的动物所需的所有DNA。然后，卵细胞利用这些DNA作为蓝图，将自己转变成动物所需的多种细胞---皮肤、器官、血液和骨骼）"可知，第二段主要介绍了克隆的步骤。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中"For example，mammoths （猛犸） are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants，so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell.However，there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.（例如，猛犸象也已经灭绝，但它们与现代亚洲象的亲缘关系非常密切，因此研究人员试图通过创造一种杂交猛犸象，用一些猛犸象的基因取代大象卵细胞中的部分大象基因组，使猛犸象从灭绝中复活。然而，根据夏皮罗的说法，亚洲象和猛犸象的基因组之间可能有数百万个基因差异）"可知，猛犸象和亚洲象虽然亲缘关系非常密切，但要利用亚洲象来复活猛犸象也是非常困难的，结合第三段中"Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related，whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors.Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater（猛犸象和亚洲象的亲缘关系非常近，而渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子在2000多万年后才有了共同的祖先。因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）"可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子的差异远比猛犸象和亚洲象的差异大得多，所以复活难度会更大。由此推知，夏皮罗想通过猛犸象的例子说明渡渡鸟很难复活。故选A项。
（3）词句猜测题。根据上文"Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater（因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）"可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子差异非常大，由此推知，复活渡渡鸟是艰巨的任务，划线词与tough意思相近，意为"艰难的"。A．Urgent.紧急的；B．Possible.可能的；C．Tough.艰难的；D．Different.不同的。故选C项。
（4）观点态度题。根据第四段中"Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater，making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab，Shapiro said.（夏皮罗说，因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多，这使得在实验室中创造一个成功的杂交物种成为一项艰巨的任务）"和第五段中"Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back，the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays，which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.（即使科学家们设法把渡渡鸟带回来，它们曾经生活的岛屿现在已经是一个非常不同的地方，这使得在没有重大干预的情况下不可能重新引入渡渡鸟）"可推知，夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。A．Favorable.支持的；B．Intolerant.无法忍受的；C．Objective.客观的；D．Negative.消极的。故选D项。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了进化分子生物学家贝丝•夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture，the environment，during the organism's life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime，but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring .（在有机体的一生中，先天为有机体提供了与滋养、环境相互作用的起点。先天不仅会影响一个生物体的一生，还会直接影响其后代的基因表达）可知，先天影响后代的基因表达。故选C。
（2）主旨大意题。根据第三段Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings，it means how the person is raised，which includes nutrition，education，care，as well as the kind of surroundings，such as cultural influence，family and friends.（后天指的是生物出生后生长发育的条件。当应用于人类时，它指的是一个人是如何成长的，包括营养、教育、照顾，以及环境的类型，如文化影响、家庭和朋友）可知，第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的...nature dramatically outweighs nurture，for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However，nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.（...但先天的作用远远超过后天培养，因为先天可以被比作基础。后天对人的发展的影响是不能完全否认的。然而，先天被认为是最重要的，因为它提供了一个机会，创造了一个基础，为后天问题的出现提供了基础）可推知，作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。故选B。
（4）标题判断题。根据第一段The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.（先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。争论的核心问题是，究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们）及下文论述可知，文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知，Which Is More Important，Nature or Nurture？（先天和后天，哪个更重要？）适合作文章最佳标题。故选D。
本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】G、C、A、F、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。下文Gardening activities like digging，planting，watering，and weeding can stimulate movements of the body，particularly arms and hands，and help children learn about the natural world.（像挖掘、种植、浇水和除草这样的园艺活动可以刺激身体的运动，特别是手臂和手，帮助孩子们了解自然世界。）列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动，并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然，是对G项"与周围的自然互动可以促进学习过程"的具体说明，句中"digging，planting，watering，and weeding"照应G项中"Interacting with the surrounding nature"，符合语境。故选G项。
（2）段落标题题。设空句是段首主题句，根据下文Children's curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow.They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen.They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.（孩子们对植物的好奇始于他们播下的第一颗种子。他们通过观察水果的生长和成熟来了解自然过程。他们也开始认识到昆虫和蠕虫对植物的重要作用，并认识到自然界的一切都是相互联系的。）可知，本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣，让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端，故C项"孩子们在学习科学方面有一个良好的开端"是本段内容的概括，适合作主题句。故选C项。
（3）推理判断题。根据段首主题句Plant care fosters （培养） patience and responsibility.（照顾植物培养耐心和责任感。）可知，本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感，A项"植物需要定期和持续的照料"承接主题句，和下文and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health.（孩子们学习什么是对某事负责，以帮助确保它的健康。）一起说明照顾植物如何培养耐心和责任感，符合语境。故选A项。
（4）联系上文题。上文They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.（他们会很乐意尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果。）提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果，F项"这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康的饮食习惯"承接上文，说明这样做的结果，句中"healthy diet habits"照应上文"vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves"，符合语境。故选F项。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文定语从句which contributes to parent-child relationship.（这有助于亲子关系。）可知，设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情，E项"它为整个家庭提供了良好、健康的户外活动"中"good，healthy outdoor activity for the whole family"有助于培养亲子关系，同时照应主题句中"bonding time"，符合语境。故选E项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、D、A、B、C、B、A、D、A、B、D、B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A．various各种各样的；B．severe严峻的；C．financial财政的；D．social 社会的。句意：尽管我们遇到了各种困难，但我的父母总是尽最大努力供养我们。根据上文"my family struggled to make ends meet"可知，作者的家庭状况方面是困难的。故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.work工作；B.look看；C.pay支付；D.provide提供。句意：尽管我们遇到了各种困难，但我的父母总是尽最大努力供养我们。根据上文did their best可知，此处用动词provide for指父母尽力"供养"我们。故选D。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.poor贫困的；B.lonely孤单的；C.sick生病的；D.hungry饥饿的。句意：一天，我的班主任哈珀女士带了一盒玩具到学校给贫困的孩子们。根据上文 a box of toys可知，这一盒子玩具应该是送给"贫困的"孩子们的。故选A。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.brought up抚养；B.called on号召；C.cheered up使振奋；D.sent out发送。句意：每个人都被号召贡献一些自己的玩具，但我几乎没有自己的玩具。根据下文"contribute some of their own toys"可知，此处是指"被号召"贡献自己的玩具。故选B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.mouth嘴；B.heart心脏；C.eyes眼睛；D.hands手。句意：盯着盒子里的玩具，我兴奋得睁大了眼睛。根据上文"Glued to the toys in the box"以及下文"got wide with excitement"可知，此处应该是指兴奋地睁大"眼睛"。故选C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.noticed注意到；C.imagined想象；D.respected尊重。句意：哈帕女士注意到我的表情，让我自己挑两个玩具。根据空格后的"allowed me to choose two toys for myself. "可知，此处是指"注意到"我的表情。故选B。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.grateful感激的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.proud自豪的；D.surprised感到惊讶的。句意：我很感激，觉得自己是世界上最幸运的女孩。根据下文"feeling like the luckiest girl in the world."可知，此处应该是指作者是很"感激的"故选A。
（8）考查动词词义辨析。A.give给；B.describe描述；C.explain解释；D.show展示。句意：一到家，我就迫不及待地把它们拿给妈妈看。根据下文"to my mother. "以及"But she gently explained that"可知，此处是指把玩具"展示"给母亲看。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.keep保持、保留；B.receive受到；C.hide隐藏；D.fetch去取。句意：但她温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运。根据下文"because they were for those who needed them more."可知，此处是指我不能"保留"这些玩具。故选A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.fortunate幸运的；C.positive积极的；D.successful成功的。句意：但她温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运。分析句意再根据空格前的less和下文"those who needed them more."可知，此处是指很多孩子还没有我们"幸运"故选B。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.worried担忧的；B.angry生气的；C.confused困惑的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：虽然我很失望，但我很自豪地把它们放回盒子里，因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。根据上文第9题可知，作者不能留下这些玩具，所以应该是"感到失望的"。故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.donate捐赠；B.return归还、放回；C.present呈现；D.bring带来。句意：虽然我很失望，但我很自豪地把它们放回盒子里，因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。根据下文"because they were for those who needed them more.（因为它们是为了那些更需要它们的人。）"可知，此处用return指把玩具"放回"盒子里。故选B。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.patiently耐心地；B.completely完全地；C.differently不同地；D.honestly诚实地。句意：尽管我们的经济状况很困难，但母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己，让我相信我们的爱是丰富的。根据上文可知，母亲温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运，可知，母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己。此处用副词differently表示"不同地"看待自己。故选C。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.faith信念；B.imagination想象力；C.creativity创造力；D.love爱。句意：尽管我们的经济状况很困难，但母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己，让我相信我们的爱是丰富的。根据上文"I was proud to （12）_____them to the box because they were for those who needed them more."和前面的rich可知，此处指我们的"爱"是丰富的。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.expectation期待；B.experience经历；C.lesson教诲；D.gift礼物。句意：母亲的教诲一直是我灵感的源泉，提醒着我同理心、慷慨和同情的重要性。根据上文第13题分析可知，此处指母亲的"教诲"对我产生了很大影响。根据故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在母亲的教导下作者虽然家境贫困但还是把玩具给了那些更需要帮助的人的故事，赞扬了母亲的教诲对作者产生的积极影响。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】what
【小题2】enhancing
【小题3】equipped
【小题4】with
【小题5】historical
【小题6】an
【小题7】have been applied
【小题8】better
【小题9】truly
【小题10】combination
【解析】（1）考查主语从句。句意：走进故宫，游客可以看到一座具有许多中国文化特色的建筑群。但看不到的是其背后的科学技术。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接词代词what。故填what。（2）考查现在分词。句意：故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填equipped。
（4）考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。根据句意可知，表示"有"，用介词with。故填with。
（5）考查形容词。句意：利用历史风险数据研究和编制安全风险评估指标体系、风险判断和预警系统，以及预防措施。表示"历史的"用形容词historical修饰名词。故填historical。
（6）考查冠词。句意：随着人工智能、大数据和云计算的引入，博物馆还建立了独特的不可移动文物监测与响应系统和应急平台。platform为可数名词，泛指"一个应急平台"，且emergency首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。
（7）考查动词时态语态。句意：此外，故宫博物院还应用了数字技术来保护文物。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been applied。
（8）考查形容词比较级。句意：它引入了186万条文物信息、85万条/套图像、1500个三维模型和所有开放区域的高精度全景图像，将文化资源带到了生活中，并为互联网用户提供了更好的数字服务。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。故填better。
（9）考查副词。句意：故宫博物院将现代和传统技术相结合，用于修复和保存更多文物，这确实是一个令人惊叹的例子。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填truly。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意：故宫博物院将现代和传统技术相结合，用于修复和保存更多文物，这确实是一个令人惊叹的例子。apply后接名词作宾语，combination"结合"为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear James，
I'm writing to invite you to a charity event.It is scheduled to be held in our school from 2 p.m.to 5 p.m.next Friday，aiming to raise funds and promote environmental awareness.（活动时间、地点）Students will create craft items from recyclable waste，which will be sold on the spot to raise money for a local charity.【高分句型一】It's a fantastic opportunity to contribute to a good cause while admiring the artistic skills and creativity of the students.（活动内容）
We would be delighted if you could join us.【高分句型二】（结束语）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Students will create craft items from recyclable waste，which will be sold on the spot to raise money for a local charity.
翻译：学生们将用可回收的垃圾制作工艺品，并在现场出售，为当地的慈善机构筹集资金。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：We would be delighted if you could join us.
翻译：如果你能加入我们，我们会很高兴的。
分析：本句运用了if引导的条件状语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】Anna helped him put up the ads around the neighborhood.Very quickly Bobby's ads spread around.Amazed to hear that a ten-year-old was offering his services to help an elderly woman，people from all over the city started calling and asking Bobby to do jobs for them.【高分句型一】Soon he was asked to walk dogs，buy groceries，and mow lawns for people.Meanwhile Mrs.Killinger was very pleased with the extra companionship Bobby provided and Bobby quickly gained a reputation as a reliable and kind helper.Seeing the funds increasing，Bobby felt more than delighted.（描写Anna帮Bobby张贴广告后，Bobby开始了自己的筹钱行动）
Two weeks later，Bobby still hadn't raised the amount of money he wanted.But Bobby didn't give up.He continued to offer his services to anyone who needed it.Bobby even started a GoFundMe page and shared it on his social media accounts，hoping to reach more people.【高分句型二】His efforts paid off when a local news station shared his story，and more people offered their support.Thanks to his hard work and kindness，Bobby was finally able to raise enough funds to purchase a new wheelchair for Mrs.Killinger.（描写Bobby虽然没有筹集到足够的钱却没有放弃，反而加倍努力）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小男孩Bobby在看到邻居Mrs.Killinger没有能力购买轮椅之后决定帮忙筹钱，于是他制作了广告，通过提供自己的服务而获得报酬从而为Mrs.Killinger买轮椅。
高分句型一：Amazed to hear that a ten-year-old was offering his services to help an elderly woman，people from all over the city started calling and asking Bobby to do jobs for them.
翻译：听到一个10岁的孩子愿意帮助一位老妇人的消息后，城里的人们开始打电话给鲍比，请他为他们做点什么。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：Bobby even started a GoFundMe page and shared it on his social media accounts，hoping to reach more people.
翻译：Bobby甚至在GoFundMe上建立了一个页面，并在他的社交媒体账户上分享，希望能吸引更多的人。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语hoping to reach more people作状语。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2023年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
To live better and be healthier，having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.
Lifesum
The app offers personalized dietary（饮食的）and fitness guidance for everyone.It not only allows users to track their weight，height，gender，and fitness goals but also provides micro tracking for those with specialized dietary requirements.The food and exercise tracking are accessible for free，as well as social features.Everything else requires subscriptions paid for three，six，or twelve months at a time in advance.
Home Workout
This health app provides workouts you can do at home with no equipment.Ranging from warm-ups，stretching，weight training and strength training，it provides video and animation guides，charts and tracking to help beginners.With this app，you won't need to spend a fortune on exercise equipment-just a download button and a few extra minutes for your daily fitness exercises.
Headspace
This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety，emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement.It even sends you the occasional message telling you to calm down and breathe a little bit.With a free 10-day trial and two fee-based subscription choices：12.99 per month and 69.99 per year.
TickTick
TickTick is a great to-do list app which helps users to remember occasions such as doctor's appointments，taking medicines or buying protein shakes.It is suitable for work and home tasks.It even allows users to share their categories and tasks with others.Though not a health app exactly，it's definitely helpful for health reasons.The free version offers all features and up to two reminders per task，while more than that costs extra ＄27.99 per year.
1. Which app offers dietary guidance？ ______
A. Lifesum. B. Home Workout. C. Headspace. D. TickTick.
2. What is the benefit of using Headspace？ ______
A. Boosting your passion to work out.
B. Developing a healthier eating habit.
C. Helping relieve your stress and anxiety.
D. Having access to diverse programs.
3. What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To compare the functions of health apps.
B. To introduce some helpful health apps.
C. To teach readers how to subscribe apps.
D. To guide readers to use apps for free.
B
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor，despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake（虚假的）TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants：The site was a "false reality"，despite millions of genuine reviews.He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so "The Shed at Dulwich" was born.Butler created a web page with a menu based off of emotions and attractive photographs of dishes.He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address，calling it an "appointment- only restaurant"，to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May，starting out as the 18，149th-ranked restaurant in the city：dead last.Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit，" one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We're fully booked，" Butler told the would-be diners.However，the restaurant's reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor's rankings.Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on Google to send free samples to Butler，expecting to work with him.In November，Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick.The story has been praised as an incredible feat（事迹）.However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
4. What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor？ ______
A. It is a reliable information source.
B. It creates a false sense of reality.
C. It has too many genuine reviews.
D. It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
5. How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant？ ______
A. By offering discounts and special deals.
B. By sending free samples to customers.
C. By getting a specific location on google.
D. By flooding the site with fake reviews.
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Butler earned people's trust.
B. False information can be disastrous.
C. Online information is threatening our safety.
D. Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
7. What message does the story convey？ ______
A. No investigation，no right to speak.
B. Well began is half done.
C. Honesty is the best policy.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
C
It's unlikely that we'll see a dodo，a flightless bird，walking this earth anytime again，according to Beth Shapiro，a evolutionary molecular biologist.
"When most people think about de-extinction，they're imagining cloning，" Shapiro said.Cloning，the approach that created Dolly，the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann，the black-footed ferret in 2020，creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus （细胞核） has been removed.Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal.Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells-skin，organs，blood and bones-the animal needs.
"But no living cells from dodos exist.Instead，" Shapiro said， "you'd have to start with a closely related animal's genome （基因组） and then change it into one similar to dodos." For example，mammoths （猛犸） are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants，so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell.However，there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.
As for the dodo，its closest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon.Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related，whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors.Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater，making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab，Shapiro said.
Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back，the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays，which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.
8. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ ______
A. The special role of DNA. B. The process of cloning.
C. The development of cloning. D. The complexity of cloning.
9. What does Shapiro want to show by the example of mammoths？ ______
A. Dodos are harder to bring back to life.
B. Their living cells are hard to preserve.
C. Cloning can be used to recreate extinct animals.
D. They share a similar genome with Asian elephants.
10. What does the underlined word "formidable" mean in Paragraph 4？ ______
A. Urgent. B. Possible. C. Tough. D. Different.
11. What is Shapiro's attitude towards the rebirth of dodos？ ______
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Objective. D. Negative.
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture，the environment，during the organism's life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime，but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring （后代）.For the Geneticists，they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics，which is nature.An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes （基因） determines one's personality，rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings，it means how the person is raised，which includes nutrition，education，care，as well as the kind of surroundings，such as cultural influence，family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person's development against how easily humans are influenced by one's environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one's personality，nature dramatically outweighs nurture，for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However，nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.Even without nurture，the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction.More so，even when the nurture impact is successfully effected，it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person.It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？ ______
A. Nature's role is supported by additional evidence.
B. Personality development is determined by nurture.
C. Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D. Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
13. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______
A. What nurture means to human beings.
B. How living things develop after birth.
C. How nurture shapes human development.
D. How surroundings influence human beings.
14. How does the author stress the greater importance of nature？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By making contrast.
C. By conducting experiments. D. By citing research data.
15. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B. A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C. Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are？
D. Which Is More Important，Nature or Nurture？
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity for people of all ages，but it can be especially beneficial for children.
Gardening enhances children's senses and motor skills.In addition to being able to touch the soil，use various tools and seeds，children can also spot the differences between different plants，and hear sounds of different insects.（1） ______ .Gardening activities like digging，planting，watering，and weeding can stimulate movements of the body，particularly arms and hands，and help children learn about the natural world.
（ 2） ______ .Children's curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow.They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen.They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.
Plant care fosters （培养） patience and responsibility.（3） ______ ，and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health.Gardening also teaches children about caring for the environment，fostering a love and respect for nature.
Gardening promotes nutrition and healthy choices for kids.Planting and cultivating （培育） plants，picking vegetables and fruit，and involving kids in cooking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish to try and consume the food they prepared.They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.（4） ______ .
Gardening gives your family bonding time.Bonding with your family is so important，but it can be hard to realize with the digital age. （5） ______ ，which contributes to parent-child relationship.
A.Plants need regular and consistent care
B.Gardening gives you a chance to dial this back
C.Children get a head start on learning about science
D.Gardening involves scientific observations and creativity
E.It provides good，healthy outdoor activity for the whole family
F.This helps children to nurture self-confidence and healthy diet habits
G.Interacting with the surrounding nature encourages the learning process
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
In my childhood，my family struggled to make ends meet.With three children to feed，my father worked as a janitor（看门人） and farmed our small field until dark.Despite our（1） ______ difficulties，my parents always did their best to（2） ______ for us.
One day，Mrs.Harper，my headteacher，brought a box of toys to school to give to （3） ______ children.Everyone was（4） ______ to contribute some of their own toys，but I hardly had any toys of my own.Glued to the toys in the box，my（5） ______ got wide with excitement.Mrs.Harper（6） ______ my expression and allowed me to choose two toys for myself.I was so（7） ______ feeling like the luckiest girl in the world.
Upon my arrival at home，I couldn't wait to（8） ______ them to my mother.But she gently explained that I couldn't（9） ______ the toys because there were many other children who were less（10） ______ than us.Although I was（11） ______ ，I was proud to（12） ______ them to the box because they were for those who needed them more.
Despite our financial struggles，my mother taught me to see myself （13） ______ and make me believe that we were rich in（14） ______ .My mother's（15） ______ has remained a constant source of inspiration，reminding me of the importance of empathy（同感能力），generosity，and sympathy.
21. A. various B. severe C. financial D. social
22. A. work B. look C. pay D. provide
23. A. poor B. lonely C. sick D. hungry
24. A. brought up B. called on C. cheered up D. sent out
25. A. mouth B. heart C. eyes D. hands
26. A. confirmed B. noticed C. imagined D. respected
27. A. grateful B. hopeful C. proud D. surprised
28. A. give B. describe C. explain D. show
29. A. keep B. receive C. hide D. fetch
30. A. capable B. fortunate C. positive D. successful
31. A. worried B. angry C. confused D. disappointed
32. A. donate B. return C. present D. bring
33. A. patiently B. completely C. differently D. honestly
34. A. faith B. imagination C. creativity D. love
35. A. expectation B. experience C. lesson D. gift
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Walking into the Palace Museum，visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture.But（1） ______ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it.The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology，thus（2） ______ （enhance） its capacity for cultural exhibition，communication，tourism services and heritage protection.
The Palace Museum，（ 3） ______ （ equip） with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety，has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices（4） ______ independent intellectual property rights （IPR）.The（5） ______ （history） risk data is used to study and compile （编译） safety risk assessment index system，risk judgment and early warning systems，and preventive measures.With the introduction of AI，big data and cloud computing，the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and （6） ______ emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
Additionally，digital technologies（7） ______ （ apply） by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics.It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information，850，000 pieces/sets of images，1，500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images （全景图） of all open areas，bringing cultural resources to life and offering（8） ______ （good） digital services for internet users.The Palace Museum is （9） ______ （true） an amazing example of applying the（10） ______ （combine） of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华。你校将举行废品手工制作爱心义卖活动。请给交流生James写邮件邀请其参加，内容包括：
（1）活动时间、地点；
（2）活动内容。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear James，
_________
Yours，
Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"Why are we bringing groceries for Mrs.Killinger？" Bobby asked his mother，Anna，as they walked back from the supermarket with a few extra bags for their elderly neighbor.He enjoyed helping his mother with these tasks，but they had never bought anything for any neighbor before.
"Honey，Mrs.Killinger is now having trouble walking around，so I offered to bring some things from the market，" Anna explained as they climbed up the wooden steps to Mrs.Killinger's house and rang the doorbell.
"OH，but she could get a wheelchair and move around，" the boy commented as if it was the most straightforward solution in the world.
"You know，Bobby.Mrs.Killinger doesn't have the money to buy one right now.
They can get expensive." Anna explained，and Bobby pursed his lips in thought.
Mrs.Killinger answered the door，smiled，and invited them for some coffee and cookies.Bobby noticed how slowly she moved，and an idea formed in his mind.He told the older woman and his mother all about it，and they grinned at him indulgently （宽容地笑）.Neither of them thought Bobby would do it.
That's why Anna was surprised the following day when Bobby had made several ads. "Mom，can you add your phone number here，so people can call me with work？"
"Oh，honey.This is very sweet.But I don't know if it'll be enough to raise the money she needs to buy a wheelchair，" Anna explained.She loved that her son had such a big heart，but he didn't want him to be heartbroken if no one called or he couldn't raise the money.
"Well，at least，I can say that I tried to help，" Bobby chirped （欢快地说）with his bright smile and eager eyes.Anna nodded and added her phone number to the ads.In his ad，Bobby offered his "services" which included helping with shopping，mowing lawns，keeping company，and walking dogs.He also left the price of his services，which made Anna smile.He honestly just wanted to help.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Anna helped him put up the ads around the neighborhood.________
Two weeks later，Bobby still hadn't raise the amount of money he wanted._________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文Lifesum部分中的关键句The app offers personalized dietary （饮食的）and fitness guidance for everyone.（该应用程序针对每一个人提供个性化饮食和健康指导。）可知，Lifesum能提供饮食指导。故选A项。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Headspace部分中的关键句This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety，emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement.（这个冥想应用程序提供各种引导冥想，以缓解你的压力和焦虑，根据你的个人需求提供紧急SOS会议和各种项目。）可知，该应用程序可以缓解压力和焦虑。故选C项。
（3）写作意图题。由本文第一段的内容To live better and be healthier，having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.（为智能设备安装有用的应用程序有极大的好处，能够使生活更美好更健康。）并结合下文对四款应用程序的介绍可推知，本文的目的是介绍一些有用的健康应用程序。故选B项。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款有用的应用程序及其功能。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、D、B、A
【解析】（1）观点态度题。根据第二段中的The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake（虚假的）TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants：The site was a "false reality"，despite millions of genuine reviews.（故事开始时，人们认为欧巴•巴特勒（Oobah Butler）是在一个猫途鹰上为餐馆写假评论的兼职工作后发展起来的：该网站是一个"虚假的现实"，尽管有数百万条真实的评论。）可知，Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站提供了一个虚假的真实感。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit，" one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We're fully booked，" Butler told the would-be diners.（ Butler开始让家人和朋友在网站上发布虚假评论。"在伦敦度过了一个周末，听说这个地方是必去之地，"一个人写道。"在打了几个有点沮丧的电话后，我就进去了。"很快，顾客们开始打电话来。"我们已经订满了，"巴特勒告诉想要来用餐的人。）可知，Butler让他的家人和朋友开始在网上发布假的评论，进而引发了很多人都信以为真，很快这家餐厅的声誉在猫途鹰的排名中开始上升，由此可知，The Shed飙升至排名第一位是整个网上充斥着虚假评论的结果。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.（ 然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。）可知，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果，由此可推断，虚假信息可能是灾难性的。故选B项。
（4）主旨大意题。结合本文讲述的关于The Shed的案例以及最后一段中的However，in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online，it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.（然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。）可知，在一个受网络虚假信息影响的时代，被不诚实的人利用在线平台会产生不可想象的结果，由此可知，在这个信息时代了，不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论，也就是没有调查就没有发言权。A．No investigation，no right to speak.没有调查就没有发言权；B．Well began is half done.好的开始是成功的一半；C．Honesty is the best policy.诚实是最好的策略；D．God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。故选A项。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅，经过网上虚假的评论后，成为TripAdvisor网排名第一的餐厅。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第二段中"When most people think about de-extinction，they're imagining cloning，"Shapiro said.Cloning，the approach that created Dolly，the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann，the black-footed ferret in 2020，creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus （细胞核） has been removed.Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal.Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells-skin，organs，blood and bones-the animal needs.（夏皮罗说，当大多数人想到灭绝时，他们想象的是克隆。克隆技术在1996年创造了多利羊，在2020年创造了黑脚雪貂伊丽莎白•安，它通过将一个活的成年细胞的DNA放入一个细胞核被去除的卵细胞中，创造了一个完全相同的个体遗传副本。成年细胞含有发育成活的动物所需的所有DNA。然后，卵细胞利用这些DNA作为蓝图，将自己转变成动物所需的多种细胞---皮肤、器官、血液和骨骼）"可知，第二段主要介绍了克隆的步骤。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中"For example，mammoths （猛犸） are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants，so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell.However，there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.（例如，猛犸象也已经灭绝，但它们与现代亚洲象的亲缘关系非常密切，因此研究人员试图通过创造一种杂交猛犸象，用一些猛犸象的基因取代大象卵细胞中的部分大象基因组，使猛犸象从灭绝中复活。然而，根据夏皮罗的说法，亚洲象和猛犸象的基因组之间可能有数百万个基因差异）"可知，猛犸象和亚洲象虽然亲缘关系非常密切，但要利用亚洲象来复活猛犸象也是非常困难的，结合第三段中"Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related，whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors.Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater（猛犸象和亚洲象的亲缘关系非常近，而渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子在2000多万年后才有了共同的祖先。因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）"可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子的差异远比猛犸象和亚洲象的差异大得多，所以复活难度会更大。由此推知，夏皮罗想通过猛犸象的例子说明渡渡鸟很难复活。故选A项。
（3）词句猜测题。根据上文"Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater（因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多）"可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子差异非常大，由此推知，复活渡渡鸟是艰巨的任务，划线词与tough意思相近，意为"艰难的"。A．Urgent.紧急的；B．Possible.可能的；C．Tough.艰难的；D．Different.不同的。故选C项。
（4）观点态度题。根据第四段中"Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater，making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab，Shapiro said.（夏皮罗说，因此，这两种鸟类之间的遗传差异要大得多，这使得在实验室中创造一个成功的杂交物种成为一项艰巨的任务）"和第五段中"Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back，the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays，which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.（即使科学家们设法把渡渡鸟带回来，它们曾经生活的岛屿现在已经是一个非常不同的地方，这使得在没有重大干预的情况下不可能重新引入渡渡鸟）"可推知，夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。A．Favorable.支持的；B．Intolerant.无法忍受的；C．Objective.客观的；D．Negative.消极的。故选D项。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了进化分子生物学家贝丝•夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
12~15.【答案】C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture，the environment，during the organism's life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime，but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring .（在有机体的一生中，先天为有机体提供了与滋养、环境相互作用的起点。先天不仅会影响一个生物体的一生，还会直接影响其后代的基因表达）可知，先天影响后代的基因表达。故选C。
（2）主旨大意题。根据第三段Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings，it means how the person is raised，which includes nutrition，education，care，as well as the kind of surroundings，such as cultural influence，family and friends.（后天指的是生物出生后生长发育的条件。当应用于人类时，它指的是一个人是如何成长的，包括营养、教育、照顾，以及环境的类型，如文化影响、家庭和朋友）可知，第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的...nature dramatically outweighs nurture，for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However，nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.（...但先天的作用远远超过后天培养，因为先天可以被比作基础。后天对人的发展的影响是不能完全否认的。然而，先天被认为是最重要的，因为它提供了一个机会，创造了一个基础，为后天问题的出现提供了基础）可推知，作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。故选B。
（4）标题判断题。根据第一段The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.（先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。争论的核心问题是，究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们）及下文论述可知，文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知，Which Is More Important，Nature or Nurture？（先天和后天，哪个更重要？）适合作文章最佳标题。故选D。
本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】G、C、A、F、E
【解析】（1）推理判断题。下文Gardening activities like digging，planting，watering，and weeding can stimulate movements of the body，particularly arms and hands，and help children learn about the natural world.（像挖掘、种植、浇水和除草这样的园艺活动可以刺激身体的运动，特别是手臂和手，帮助孩子们了解自然世界。）列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动，并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然，是对G项"与周围的自然互动可以促进学习过程"的具体说明，句中"digging，planting，watering，and weeding"照应G项中"Interacting with the surrounding nature"，符合语境。故选G项。
（2）段落标题题。设空句是段首主题句，根据下文Children's curiosity about plants starts with the first seed they sow.They learn about natural process by observing the growth and fruit ripen.They also come to appreciate the vital role of insects and worms for plants and recognize that everything in nature is connected.（孩子们对植物的好奇始于他们播下的第一颗种子。他们通过观察水果的生长和成熟来了解自然过程。他们也开始认识到昆虫和蠕虫对植物的重要作用，并认识到自然界的一切都是相互联系的。）可知，本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣，让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端，故C项"孩子们在学习科学方面有一个良好的开端"是本段内容的概括，适合作主题句。故选C项。
（3）推理判断题。根据段首主题句Plant care fosters （培养） patience and responsibility.（照顾植物培养耐心和责任感。）可知，本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感，A项"植物需要定期和持续的照料"承接主题句，和下文and children learn what it means to be responsible for something to help ensure its health.（孩子们学习什么是对某事负责，以帮助确保它的健康。）一起说明照顾植物如何培养耐心和责任感，符合语境。故选A项。
（4）联系上文题。上文They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.（他们会很乐意尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果。）提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果，F项"这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康的饮食习惯"承接上文，说明这样做的结果，句中"healthy diet habits"照应上文"vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves"，符合语境。故选F项。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文定语从句which contributes to parent-child relationship.（这有助于亲子关系。）可知，设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情，E项"它为整个家庭提供了良好、健康的户外活动"中"good，healthy outdoor activity for the whole family"有助于培养亲子关系，同时照应主题句中"bonding time"，符合语境。故选E项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、D、A、B、C、B、A、D、A、B、D、B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A．various各种各样的；B．severe严峻的；C．financial财政的；D．social 社会的。句意：尽管我们遇到了各种困难，但我的父母总是尽最大努力供养我们。根据上文"my family struggled to make ends meet"可知，作者的家庭状况方面是困难的。故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.work工作；B.look看；C.pay支付；D.provide提供。句意：尽管我们遇到了各种困难，但我的父母总是尽最大努力供养我们。根据上文did their best可知，此处用动词provide for指父母尽力"供养"我们。故选D。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.poor贫困的；B.lonely孤单的；C.sick生病的；D.hungry饥饿的。句意：一天，我的班主任哈珀女士带了一盒玩具到学校给贫困的孩子们。根据上文 a box of toys可知，这一盒子玩具应该是送给"贫困的"孩子们的。故选A。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.brought up抚养；B.called on号召；C.cheered up使振奋；D.sent out发送。句意：每个人都被号召贡献一些自己的玩具，但我几乎没有自己的玩具。根据下文"contribute some of their own toys"可知，此处是指"被号召"贡献自己的玩具。故选B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.mouth嘴；B.heart心脏；C.eyes眼睛；D.hands手。句意：盯着盒子里的玩具，我兴奋得睁大了眼睛。根据上文"Glued to the toys in the box"以及下文"got wide with excitement"可知，此处应该是指兴奋地睁大"眼睛"。故选C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.noticed注意到；C.imagined想象；D.respected尊重。句意：哈帕女士注意到我的表情，让我自己挑两个玩具。根据空格后的"allowed me to choose two toys for myself. "可知，此处是指"注意到"我的表情。故选B。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.grateful感激的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.proud自豪的；D.surprised感到惊讶的。句意：我很感激，觉得自己是世界上最幸运的女孩。根据下文"feeling like the luckiest girl in the world."可知，此处应该是指作者是很"感激的"故选A。
（8）考查动词词义辨析。A.give给；B.describe描述；C.explain解释；D.show展示。句意：一到家，我就迫不及待地把它们拿给妈妈看。根据下文"to my mother. "以及"But she gently explained that"可知，此处是指把玩具"展示"给母亲看。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.keep保持、保留；B.receive受到；C.hide隐藏；D.fetch去取。句意：但她温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运。根据下文"because they were for those who needed them more."可知，此处是指我不能"保留"这些玩具。故选A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.fortunate幸运的；C.positive积极的；D.successful成功的。句意：但她温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运。分析句意再根据空格前的less和下文"those who needed them more."可知，此处是指很多孩子还没有我们"幸运"故选B。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.worried担忧的；B.angry生气的；C.confused困惑的；D.disappointed失望的。句意：虽然我很失望，但我很自豪地把它们放回盒子里，因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。根据上文第9题可知，作者不能留下这些玩具，所以应该是"感到失望的"。故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.donate捐赠；B.return归还、放回；C.present呈现；D.bring带来。句意：虽然我很失望，但我很自豪地把它们放回盒子里，因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。根据下文"because they were for those who needed them more.（因为它们是为了那些更需要它们的人。）"可知，此处用return指把玩具"放回"盒子里。故选B。
（13）考查副词及语境理解。A.patiently耐心地；B.completely完全地；C.differently不同地；D.honestly诚实地。句意：尽管我们的经济状况很困难，但母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己，让我相信我们的爱是丰富的。根据上文可知，母亲温和地解释说，我不能留下这些玩具，因为还有很多孩子没有我们幸运，可知，母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己。此处用副词differently表示"不同地"看待自己。故选C。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.faith信念；B.imagination想象力；C.creativity创造力；D.love爱。句意：尽管我们的经济状况很困难，但母亲教我用不同的眼光看待自己，让我相信我们的爱是丰富的。根据上文"I was proud to （12）_____them to the box because they were for those who needed them more."和前面的rich可知，此处指我们的"爱"是丰富的。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.expectation期待；B.experience经历；C.lesson教诲；D.gift礼物。句意：母亲的教诲一直是我灵感的源泉，提醒着我同理心、慷慨和同情的重要性。根据上文第13题分析可知，此处指母亲的"教诲"对我产生了很大影响。根据故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在母亲的教导下作者虽然家境贫困但还是把玩具给了那些更需要帮助的人的故事，赞扬了母亲的教诲对作者产生的积极影响。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】what
【小题2】enhancing
【小题3】equipped
【小题4】with
【小题5】historical
【小题6】an
【小题7】have been applied
【小题8】better
【小题9】truly
【小题10】combination
【解析】（1）考查主语从句。句意：走进故宫，游客可以看到一座具有许多中国文化特色的建筑群。但看不到的是其背后的科学技术。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接词代词what。故填what。（2）考查现在分词。句意：故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填equipped。
（4）考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的特殊监测设备。根据句意可知，表示"有"，用介词with。故填with。
（5）考查形容词。句意：利用历史风险数据研究和编制安全风险评估指标体系、风险判断和预警系统，以及预防措施。表示"历史的"用形容词historical修饰名词。故填historical。
（6）考查冠词。句意：随着人工智能、大数据和云计算的引入，博物馆还建立了独特的不可移动文物监测与响应系统和应急平台。platform为可数名词，泛指"一个应急平台"，且emergency首字母的发音为元音音素。故填an。
（7）考查动词时态语态。句意：此外，故宫博物院还应用了数字技术来保护文物。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been applied。
（8）考查形容词比较级。句意：它引入了186万条文物信息、85万条/套图像、1500个三维模型和所有开放区域的高精度全景图像，将文化资源带到了生活中，并为互联网用户提供了更好的数字服务。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。故填better。
（9）考查副词。句意：故宫博物院将现代和传统技术相结合，用于修复和保存更多文物，这确实是一个令人惊叹的例子。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填truly。
（10）考查不可数名词。句意：故宫博物院将现代和传统技术相结合，用于修复和保存更多文物，这确实是一个令人惊叹的例子。apply后接名词作宾语，combination"结合"为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear James，
I'm writing to invite you to a charity event.It is scheduled to be held in our school from 2 p.m.to 5 p.m.next Friday，aiming to raise funds and promote environmental awareness.（活动时间、地点）Students will create craft items from recyclable waste，which will be sold on the spot to raise money for a local charity.【高分句型一】It's a fantastic opportunity to contribute to a good cause while admiring the artistic skills and creativity of the students.（活动内容）
We would be delighted if you could join us.【高分句型二】（结束语）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Students will create craft items from recyclable waste，which will be sold on the spot to raise money for a local charity.
翻译：学生们将用可回收的垃圾制作工艺品，并在现场出售，为当地的慈善机构筹集资金。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：We would be delighted if you could join us.
翻译：如果你能加入我们，我们会很高兴的。
分析：本句运用了if引导的条件状语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】Anna helped him put up the ads around the neighborhood.Very quickly Bobby's ads spread around.Amazed to hear that a ten-year-old was offering his services to help an elderly woman，people from all over the city started calling and asking Bobby to do jobs for them.【高分句型一】Soon he was asked to walk dogs，buy groceries，and mow lawns for people.Meanwhile Mrs.Killinger was very pleased with the extra companionship Bobby provided and Bobby quickly gained a reputation as a reliable and kind helper.Seeing the funds increasing，Bobby felt more than delighted.（描写Anna帮Bobby张贴广告后，Bobby开始了自己的筹钱行动）
Two weeks later，Bobby still hadn't raised the amount of money he wanted.But Bobby didn't give up.He continued to offer his services to anyone who needed it.Bobby even started a GoFundMe page and shared it on his social media accounts，hoping to reach more people.【高分句型二】His efforts paid off when a local news station shared his story，and more people offered their support.Thanks to his hard work and kindness，Bobby was finally able to raise enough funds to purchase a new wheelchair for Mrs.Killinger.（描写Bobby虽然没有筹集到足够的钱却没有放弃，反而加倍努力）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小男孩Bobby在看到邻居Mrs.Killinger没有能力购买轮椅之后决定帮忙筹钱，于是他制作了广告，通过提供自己的服务而获得报酬从而为Mrs.Killinger买轮椅。
高分句型一：Amazed to hear that a ten-year-old was offering his services to help an elderly woman，people from all over the city started calling and asking Bobby to do jobs for them.
翻译：听到一个10岁的孩子愿意帮助一位老妇人的消息后，城里的人们开始打电话给鲍比，请他为他们做点什么。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：Bobby even started a GoFundMe page and shared it on his social media accounts，hoping to reach more people.
翻译：Bobby甚至在GoFundMe上建立了一个页面，并在他的社交媒体账户上分享，希望能吸引更多的人。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语hoping to reach more people作状语。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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