2022-2023学年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷（解析版

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷（解析版，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.
Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours Grades 9-12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and come up with theories based on their observations.
Students will have the chance to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.
Museum Makers Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11-12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives upper-level high school students the tools to experience，understand and interpret art.Participants will gain an insider's view of how an art museum works.Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 a.m.to 3：00 p.m.
Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing
Grades 7-12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while they are looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accepted at each session.
1. What can students do at Studio Workshops？ ______
A. Get basic training as an artist.
B. Put forward their own art theories.
C. Discuss with artists about their works.
D. Learn about artists，inspiration for their works.
2. What can students get from Museum Makers？ ______
A. Methods of how artworks are created.
B. Experience in running an art museum.
C. Knowledge about how an art museum works.
D. Academic credits for completing the program.
3. Which group can attend Creative Writing at a session？ ______
A. 15 college students. B. 10 Grade 9 students.
C. 25 Grade 10 students. D. 40 high school students.
B
I never imagined that someone telling me I looked skinny would anger me.And yet，I was made very angry when a colleague pinched my waist and screamed， "Rosa，you've lost weight.You look great." In The truth is that I was tired and not taking care of myself.I decided to start a proper weight-loss program.
The first to go would be road rage.I am in far less control of this weight than any other.Every time something gets in my path，I fly off the handle.I need to lose the road rage，and fast!No，no more speed.Instead，I now repeat the words： "I am not in a hurry." This year，I will drive safely，allowing "stupid" to happen all around me.From that，I hope to gain patience.
Next is guilt.When guilt drives my conscience to do better，it's functional.But when it presents itself as an internal dialogue that goes nowhere，it's useless.This year，I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house，for spending time away from my children to be with friends，for not attending every party because I'd rather be at home，or for watching TV when I should be reading.My image and performance are not at the front of anyone else's mind but my own.From this，I hope to gain freedom to be myself.
The last is fear.Fear has held me back.Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer.Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion.Fear of rejection has stopped me from aiming higher in my life.Fear of regret has led me into situations that made me uncomfortable.If I can lose any one of these fears，I stand to gain experience.
So，if I can lose the rage，shake off some guilt，and take fear off my plate，I stand to gain patience，freedom，and experience.Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter.Next time，I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.
4. What does the underlined part "fly off the handle" in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Pick up speed. B. Drive off.
C. Feel quite nervous. D. Become very angry.
5. What has made the author feel guilty before？ ______
A. Attending too many parties.
B. Reading much with her children.
C. Wasting her time in watching TV.
D. Spending little time with her friends.
6. How has fear affected the author？ ______
A. It has prevented her achieving her goals.
B. It has stopped her furthering her education.
C. It has made it difficult for her to make friends.
D. It has caused her to quit her dream of being a teacher.
7. What does the author expect to gain from her weight-loss program？ ______
A. Respect. B. Independence. C. Optimism. D. Tolerance.
C
Six months before she died，my grandmother moved into an old people's home and I visited her there.The room was clean and warm，and the care assistants were kind and cheerful.A general knowledge quiz show was on the television，and the only other sound was snoring.People moved only when they needed to be helped to the bathroom.It was disappointing.Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren，but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people's homes in France.The idea is simple，but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities.In the afternoons，the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children，and if a child is feeling sad or tired，there is always a kind lap to sit on.
The advantages are huge for everyone concerned.The children are happy，because they get a lot more individual attention.The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed.And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries.There are many reasons for this，including the breakdown of the extended family，working parents with no time to care for ageing relations，families that have moved away，and smaller flats with no room for grandparents.But the result is the same-increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children，and more old people who are lonely and feel useless，along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support.Ifs a major problem in many societies.
That's why intergenerational programs，designed to bring the old and the young together，are growing in popularity all over the world.
8. What does the underlined word "residents" in paragraph 2 probably refer to？ ______
A. Old people. B. School teachers.
C. Assistants. D. Staff.
9. How were the old people at the home the author's grandmother was in？ ______
A. They felt lonely and useless.
B. They weren't allowed to be visited.
C. They weren't looked after properly.
D. They lived in a dirty and uncomfortable room.
10. What does the author think is a major problem in many societies today？ ______
A. The extended family is broken down.
B. There isn't much room for grandparents.
C. Working parents have no time to care for their children.
D. There isn't much contact between the old and the young.
11. What will be probably talked about later in the passage？ ______
A. Advice on how to communicate with children.
B. Plans for setting up more homes for old people.
C. Examples of successful intergenerational programs.
D. Ways of teaching entertainment skills to old people.
D
Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe，according to a study of plastic particles （微粒）carried in the air.
People are already known to breathe，drink and eat microplastics，and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly.The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald，at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team，said， " But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem，if we manage our plastics better，before they accumulate in the environment and move around everywhere."
The research，published in the journal Proceedings of the National Acadenry of Sciences，examined airborne （空气传播的）microplastics，which have been far less studied than plastics in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources （来源），and it was the first such study to do so.
They found that roads were the main factor （因素）in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air.These are likely to include particles from tires and brake pads on vehicles，and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale （全球规模的）nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."
12. What can be known about microplastic pollution from this text？ ______
A. The particles can do great harm to our lungs.
B. Airborne microplastics have been widely studied.
C. It has become the most pressing environmental problem.
D. There is less plastic in the air than in oceans and rivers.
13. What did the researchers find out about microplastic pollution？ ______
A. Its results differ across many continents.
B. Africa and Asia are suffering most from it.
C. Roads and fields are largely to blame for it.
D. It spreads fast from one continent to another.
14. What should the researchers do next according to Professor Andreas Stohl？ ______
A. To predict the potential damage of microplastics.
B. To understand the nature of microplastic pollution.
C. To improve the method of collecting samples of microplastics.
D. To collect more data to understand the sources of microplastics.
15. What can be the best title for this text？ ______
A. Effects of microplastics on human health
B. Microplastic pollution on the global scale
C. Possible solutions to microplastic pollution
D. Microplastic pollution rising quickly in the air

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
"Looking up，I find the moon bright；Bowing，in homesickness I'm drowned." When Ifeoma Gladys from Nigeria，first read the line from Li Bai's Thoughts on a Tranquil Night，the girl felt the poet's experiences and emotions （情感）. "I can't help but feel homesick，" said Gladys，22，who is studying Chinese Language and Literature at Southwest University.
From then on，the Nigerian girl fell in love with ancient Chinese poetry. （1） ______ For example，in Li Bai's poem Hard Is the Way of the World，Gladys felt the ambition and faith of tile poet.While reading Cao Cao's A Short Song，she learned that life is short and thus we should let go of the difficulties we couldn't overcome and value the present. （2） ______ In her eyes，it is how it can travel over the mountains and spread from the ancient past to the present，but never change its original intention，keeping its truth and emotional weight.
"This is what many popular novels and online articles are unable to do，" said the Nigerian girl. （3） ______ For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again." About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（4） ______ "Behind the beautiful poems，I discovered the wisdom of the Chinese people，the charm of Chinese culture，and the worldwide basis of Chinese culture as well，" said Gladys.
Now，the girl hopes to become a professional translator.（5） ______

A.She learned Chinese culture and wisdom through it.
B.What is the most attractive part of ancient Chinese poetry？
C.She gradually found foreign poems are different to Chinese poems.
D.How can ancient Chinese poetry attract so many people around the world？
E.The person born with a talent is meant to use it and will find great happiness.
F.She wants to promote Chinese culture and connect China with the whole world.
G.But she's more surprised how the cultural quality of Chinese poetry can reach audiences worldwide.

16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
I was sitting in a chair having coffee when a text message from a former colleague woke me from my daydreams.
"Do you want to （1） ______ your rocking chair？"
I taught grades 1-2 for 17 years，and my dreams as a teacher were tied to that rocking chair.It was a （2） ______ idea to have it in my class.Every day after break time ，the class would （3） ______ around and listen to the story I was reading.When the students are close，they find the （4） ______ to share their stories，dreams and fears.The chair was part of my （5） ______ ，part of me.
（ 6） ______ ，I became unwell and couldn't keep teaching.I experienced （7） ______ anxiety and at last I was forced to （8） ______ the job.With my life as a teacher over，I needed a new path.And I didn't have to look far.
My husband and I （9） ______ one of my former students in 2017.The complexity of parenting a child who came to us at 9 years old changed our lives in （10） ______ ways.But it inspired the part of me that （11） ______ being a parent.We spent （12） ______ hours staying with books - healing，bonding and solidifying our family，which gave me a new purpose.
I joined a （13） ______ group of local moms.For about a year，I met with them weekly for walks or coffee.We came together to （14） ______ ，and then I started giving and receiving help，I gave driving practice to a single mom with her learner's license and received emotional support in （15） ______ I also took her son on hikes around the city.Another woman encouraged me to buy a stand-up paddleboard and gave me lessons.
My family，my books，（ 16） ______ a new purpose and belonging in a community -these are fulfilling the sense of self I used to （17） ______ as a teacher.I learned my （18） ______ doesn't need to change，I'm still honoring those core （核心的）values （19） ______ I'm working as a teacher.What about that rocking chair？I looked back at the text message，My answer was no，and I don't need the chair.I'll let it go to a new （20） ______ !
21.  A. give away B. put back C. send out D. pick up
22.  A. ridiculous B. magical C. strange D. simple
23.  A. gather B. turn C. look D. run
24.  A. excuse B. inspiration C. courage D. comfort
25.  A. goal B. job C. furniture D. entertainment
26.  A. Unfortunately B. Unusually C. Unbelievably D. Unfairly
27.  A. natural B. vague C. severe D. slight
28.  A. challenge B. change C. choose D. quit
29.  A. adopted B. taught C. rescued D. helped
30.  A. flexible B. unexpected C. upsetting D. separate
31.  A. imagines B. tries C. enjoys D. considers
32.  A. countless B. sleepless C. endless D. speechless
33.  A. wisdom B. support C. family D. service
34.  A. cooperate B. share C. improve D. learn
35.  A. relief B. reality C. response D. return
36.  A. finding B. confirming C. accepting D. understanding
37.  A. experience B. develop C. train D. prize
38.  A. character B. identity C. determination D. sense
39.  A. when B. how C. whether D. why
40.  A. purpose B. teacher C. position D. parent
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. From writing poetry to making music，ChatGPT （1） ______ （ amaze） the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI.It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota，US，according to CNNThe AI program can answer questions on a large number of topics，and write essays，stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information （2） ______ （ collect） from a large corpus（语料库） of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive？As Sam Altman，the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview，" It's not actually （3） ______ （ fundamental） new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment."
According to MIT Technology Review，ChatGPT is based on a large language model.Because texts are more complex （4） ______ the meaning of every word combined，language models require a type of neural（神经的）network that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today's models （5） ______ （ be）a network called Transformer，invented by Google researchers.The neural network can infer（6） ______ the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence.Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised earning，（ 7） ______ （ mean） that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.ChatGPT can now generate human- like responses instantly due （8） ______ the large scale of texts it learned from.
" One of the biggest（9） ______ （ problem） with ChatGPT is that it comes back，very confidently，with false contents，"Michael Woold ridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London，UK，told The Guardian.This means ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world- it learns information from （10） ______ （ variety） resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，毎句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
The other day my parents and I took trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As is known，it's a famous mountain with different kind of plants and animals.The weather was fine and we were on high spirits.It was about noon while we arrived at the foot of the mountain.We were very excited.As we climbed the mountain，we feed monkeys，visited temples and told stories.On the way up，I was busy took photos since the scenery was beautiful and attractively.Time passed quickly，and before we knew it，night has fallen.We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was good.I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment my head touched at the pillow.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假如你校正在开展主题为"The Power of Sports"的征文比赛，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇短文参赛。
（1）体育运动的益处；
（2）体育精神的力量。
注意：
（1）词数 100 左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Power of Sports______________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文High School Studio Workshops部分中的关键句During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and they will inspire students to develop theories based on their observations.（在研讨会期间，国家美术馆的教育工作者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的反应，他们将激励学生根据他们的观察提出理论。）可知，学生在High School Studio Workshops可以做的是提出他们自己的艺术理论，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Museum Makers：Exploring Art and Museums部分中的关键句Participants will gain an insider's view of how an art museum works.（参与者将获得一个艺术博物馆如何工作的内部观点。）可知，学生能从Museum Makers：Exploring Art and Museums这里学到关于博物馆是如何工作的相关知识，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。由本文Grades 7-12，90 minutes（7-12年级，90分钟）部分中的关键句A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accepted at each session.（每节最多接纳30名学生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年级学生可以参加创意写作课程。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、C
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中划线词前面句子Every time something gets in my path（每次有东西挡住我的路。）和后面句子I need to lose the road rage，and fast!（我得快点改掉路怒症！）推断出作者有路怒症，所以每次有东西挡了作者的路，作者就会变得非常生气。故划线词意思是"变得非常生气"。A．Pick up speed.加速；B．Drive off.开车离开；C．Feel quite nervous.感觉很紧张；D．Become very angry.变得非常愤怒。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句This year，I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house，for spending time away from my children to be with friends，for not attending every party because I'd rather be at home，or for watching TV when I should be reading.（今年，我想不再为没有保持一个干净的房子而感到内疚，为花时间远离孩子和朋友在一起而感到内疚，为因为宁愿呆在家里而没有参加每一个聚会而感到内疚，为在我应该读书的时候看电视而感到内疚。）推断出在此之前，在看电视上浪费时间让作者感到内疚。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句The last is fear.Fear has held me back.Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer.Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion.Fear of rejection has stopped me from aiming higher in my life.（最后是恐惧。恐惧阻碍了我。对失败的恐惧使我无法成为一名作家。由于害怕尴尬，我不敢发表意见。对拒绝的恐惧让我无法在生活中追求更高的目标。）推断出恐惧阻碍了作者实现自己的目标。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的关键句Next time，I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.（下次，我希望我的同事能看着我的眼睛，看到我容光焕发的样子，而不是掐我身上那些与我看起来有多棒无关的部分。）结合上文提到作者想要克服的三样东西推知，作者期望从她的减肥计划中获得乐观，不再内疚、容易生气和恐惧。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者为了减肥而克服了三样东西。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、C
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中的关键句The idea is simple，but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.The children and the  residents eat lunch together and share activities.（这个想法很简单，但具有革命性---将养老院和幼儿园合并在同一栋楼里。孩子们和_____一起吃午饭，分享活动。）推断出这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故划线词意思是"老人"。A．Old people.老人；B．School teachers.学校老师；C．Assistants.助手；D．Staff.员工。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的关键句Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren，but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.（祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她。）以及第三段中的关键句The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed.（老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有用的和被需要的。）推断出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries.（如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少。）推断出作者认为当今社会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段的内容That's why intergenerational programs，designed to bring the old and the young together，are growing in popularity all over the world.（这就是为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎。）推断出这篇文章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。由本文第二段中的关键句The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.（研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒会对肺组织有害，并导致严重的疾病。）推断出这些颗粒会对我们的肺部造成巨大的伤害。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第六段中的关键句They found that roads were the main factor （因素）in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air.（他们发现，道路是美国西部的主要因素，空气中约85%的微塑料都与道路有关。）以及第七段的内容The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.（研究人员将他们的建模工作扩展到全球水平，这表明在欧洲、南美和澳大利亚，道路也可能是空气中塑料的主要驱动因素，而在非洲和亚洲，来自田野的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。）推断出地区之间空气传播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。由本文最后一段Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale （全球规模的）nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources." （维也纳大学地球科学学院的安德烈亚斯•斯托尔教授说："这项研究证实了大气中微塑料运输的全球范围性质，并在强调高度相关和令人担忧的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的测量数据来更好地了解来源。"）推断出根据Andreas Stohl教授的介绍，研究的下一步是获得更多数据，以了解微塑料的来源。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。由本文第一段的内容Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe，according to a study of plastic particles （微粒）carried in the air.（根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。）以及下文的对研究的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了微塑料污染越来越严重，所以D．Microplastic pollution rising quickly in the air（塑料污染在空气中迅速上升）作为题目最合适。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】A、B、G、E、F
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文From then on，the Nigerian girl fell in love with ancient Chinese poetry. （从那时起，这个尼日利亚女孩爱上了中国古诗。）和下文For example，in Li Bai's poem Hard Is the Way of the World，Gladys felt the ambition and faith of tile poet.While reading Cao Cao's A Short Song，she learned that life is short and thus we should let go of the difficulties we couldn't overcome and value the present.（例如，在李白的诗《行路难》中，格拉迪斯感受到了诗人的雄心壮志和信念。在阅读曹禺的《短歌行》时，她了解到生命是短暂的，因此我们应该放下无法克服的困难，珍惜现在。）可知，尼日利亚女孩Ifeoma Gladys爱上了中国故事，并从一些诗中了解到了中国文化和人生哲理。A项"她从中学到了中国文化和智慧。"符合语境，承上启下，下文是对选项的举例说明。故选A。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文In her eyes，it is how it can travel over the mountains and spread from the ancient past to the present，but never change its original intention，keeping its truth and emotional weight.（在她眼中，就是它如何翻山越岭，从古代传播到现在，但始终不改变初衷，保持其真实性和情感分量。）推知，上文提问Ifeoma Gladys觉得中国古诗中最吸引她的是什么。B项"中国古代诗歌中最吸引人的部分是什么？"符合语境，引出下文，下文回答了选项的问题。故选B。
（3）联系下文题。根据下文For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're   not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（例如，李白写道："天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来"。大约1000年后，德国诗人歌德也说过类似的话。）可知，让Ifeoma Gladys感到意外的是中国诗歌所表现的东西在晚些时候的西方也出现过。G项"但更令她惊讶的是，中国诗歌的文化品质能够使世界各地的人都明白。"符合语境，下文是对选项内容的举例说明。故选G。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（例如，李白写道："天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来"。大约1000年后，德国诗人歌德也说过类似的话。）推知，下文应之处歌德说的那句和李白诗歌内容相似的话是什么。E项"天生有天赋的人注定要利用它，并会找到巨大的幸福。"符合语境，该句和李白诗歌所呈现的意义一致。故选E。
（5）联系上文题。空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文Now，the girl hopes to become a professional translator.（现在，这个女孩希望成为一名专业的翻译。）推知，下文应陈述她想成为翻译的目的。F项"她想推广中国文化，将中国与全世界联系起来。"符合语境。故选F。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了尼日利亚女孩Ifeoma Gladys喜欢中国的古诗，并从古诗了解到了中国的文化和古人的智慧。现在她打算成为一名专业的翻译，推广中国文化。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、B、A、C、D、A、B、C、A、B、B、D、A、D、B、C、B
【解析】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.give away赠送；B.put back放回去；C.send out发出；D.pick up捡起。句意：你想拿起你的摇椅吗？根据后文宾语"your rocking chair"和下文"have it in my class"可知，此处指拿起摇摇椅。故选D。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ridiculous可笑的；B.magical神奇的；C.strange奇怪的；D.simple简单的。句意：把它放在我的课上真是个神奇的主意。根据后文"around and listen to the story I was reading"可知，课后同学都来听故事，所以这是个神奇的主意。故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.gather聚集；B.turn转弯；C.look看；D.run奔跑。句意：每天课间休息后，全班同学都围在一起听我读的故事。根据后文"around and listen to the story I was reading"可知，课后同学都聚集过来听故事，故选A。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.excuse借口；B.inspiration鼓舞；C.courage勇气；D.comfort安慰。句意：当学生们走得很近时，他们会有勇气分享他们的故事、梦想和恐惧。根据后文"to share their stories，dreams and fears"指同学们有勇气分享故事、梦想和恐惧。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.goal目标；B.job工作；C.furniture家具；D.entertainment娱乐。句意：椅子是我工作的一部分，我的一部分。上文提到作者会在课后坐在椅子上给孩子们讲故事，所以椅子是工作的一部分。故选B。
（6）考查副词及语境理解。A.Unfortunately幸运地；B.Unusually特别地；C.Unbelievably难以置信地；D.Unfairly不公平地。句意：不幸的是，我身体不适，无法继续教学。根据后文"I became unwell and couldn't keep teaching"可知，作者没能继续教书是一件不幸的事情。故选A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.natural自然的；B.vague模糊的；C.severe严重的；D.slight轻微的。句意：我经历了严重的焦虑，最后我被迫辞掉了这份工作。根据后文"and at last I was forced to"可知，焦虑很严重，只能辞职。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.change改变；C.choose选择；D.quit停止。句意：我经历了严重的焦虑，最后我被迫辞掉了这份工作。根据后文"With my life as a teacher over"可知，作者辞职了。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.adopted收养；B.taught教；C.rescued营救；D.helped帮助。句意：我丈夫和我在2017年收养了我以前的一个学生。根据后文"The complexity of parenting a child"可知，作者和丈夫收养了一个孩子。故选A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.unexpected意外的；C.upsetting令人沮丧的；D.separate分开的。句意：养育一个9岁就来到我们身边的孩子的复杂性以意想不到的方式改变了我们的生活。根据后文"But it inspired the part of me"指领养孩子以意外的方式改变了他们的生活。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagines想象；B.tries尝试；C.enjoys欣赏；喜欢；D.considers考虑。句意：但它激发了我内心享受为人父母的感觉。根据后文"hours staying with books — healing，bonding and solidifying our family，which gave me a new purpose."可知，作者喜欢为人父母。故选C。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.countless无数的；B.sleepless失眠的；C.endless无尽的；D.speechless无话可说的。句意：我们花了无数的时间和书呆在一起——治愈、巩固和巩固我们的家庭，这给了我一个新的目标。根据后文"hours staying with books — healing，bonding and solidifying our family"可知，作者长时间和孩子一起阅读。故选A。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.wisdom智慧；B.support支持；C.family家人；D.service服务。句意：我加入了一个当地妈妈的互助小组。根据后文"group of local moms"可知，这里指当地妈妈互助小组。故选B。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate操作；B.share分享；C.improve改善；D.learn学习。句意：我们一起分享，然后我开始给予和接受帮助，我教一位有学习执照的单身母亲练习驾驶，作为回报，我还带她的儿子在城市里徒步旅行。根据上文"We came together to"可知，互助妈妈聚在一起，互相分享。故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.relief安慰；B.reality现实；C.response回答；D.return返回。句意：我们一起分享，然后我开始给予和接受帮助，我教一位有学习执照的单身母亲练习驾驶，作为回报，我还带她的儿子在城市里徒步旅行。根据后文"I also took her son on hikes around the city"可知，作者接受别人的帮助，作为回报也帮助他人。故选D。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.finding找到；B.confirming确认；C.accepting接受；D.understanding理解。句意：我的家庭，我的书，找到一个新的目标，在一个社区中找到归属感——这些都在实现我作为教师所珍视的自我意识。根据后文"a new purpose and belonging in a community"指找到新目标。故选A。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.experience经历；B.develop发展；C.train训练；D.prize珍视。句意：我的家庭，我的书，找到一个新的目标，在一个社区中找到归属感——这些都在实现我作为教师所珍视的自我意识。根据上文"these are fulfilling the sense of self I used to"可知，作者喜欢教书，所以是作为教师所珍视的自我意识。故选D。
（18）考查名词及语境理解。A.character人物；B.identity身份；C.determination决心；D.sense感觉。句意：我知道我的身份不需要改变，我仍然尊重这些核心价值观——无论我是否作为一名教师工作。作者如今不是老师了，所以是身份发生了变化。故选B。
（19）考查连词及语境理解。A.when何时；B.how如何；C.whether是否；D.why为什么。句意：我知道我的身份不需要改变，我仍然尊重这些核心价值观——无论我是否作为一名教师工作。根据后文"I'm working as a teacher"指无论是否作为一名教师工作，应用whether。故选C。
（20）考查名词及语境理解。A.purpose目的；B.teacher老师；C.position位置；D.parent父母。句意：我会把它交给一个新老师！呼应上文"I was sitting in a chair having coffee when a text message from a former colleague woke me from my daydreams.（当时我正坐在椅子上喝咖啡，一条前同事的短信把我从白日梦中唤醒）"指把摇摇椅交给一个新老师。故选B。
本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述作者尽管不当教师了，但现在在社区的互助小组中同样能实现教师的自我意识。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。

41.【答案】【小题1】has amazed
【小题2】collected
【小题3】fundamentally
【小题4】than
【小题5】is
【小题6】what
【小题7】meaning
【小题8】to
【小题9】problems
【小题10】various
【解析】（1）考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从写诗到做音乐，自2022年底美国Open Al公司推出ChatGPT以来，它已经震惊了世界。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，由时间"since its launch inlate 2022"可知，主句用现在完成时，主语GhatGPT是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has amazed。
（2）考查过去分词。句意：它通过利用从大量文本数据中收集的信息来做到这一点。分析句子可知，collect作定语，修饰information，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填collected。
（3）考查副词。句意：正如OpenAI的首席执行官Sam Altman在一次采访中所说的那样，"实际上，ChatGPT的兴起基本上并不是一项新技术。"修饰动词is用副词作状语，故填fundamentally。
（4）考查介词。句意：由于文本比每个单词的意义组合起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络。由more complex可知，前后文表示比较，故填than。
（5）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：今天的模型背后的一个突破是一个名为Transformer的网络，由谷歌的研究人员发明。文章主时态是一般现在时，主语One breakthrough 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
（6）考查宾语从句。句意：神经网络可以通过追踪单词在句子中的出现位置来推断单词的意思。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少means的宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句，故填what。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：OpenAI构建的GPT模型将Transformer与无监督学习结合在一起，意味着模型可以自己学习，而不需要被告知要看什么。分析句子可知，mean用非谓语动词形式作状语，mean与逻辑主语The GPT models是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
（8）考查固定短语。句意：由于从大量文本中学习，ChatGPT现在可以立即生成类似人类的响应。due to"由于"是固定短语，故填to。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：英国伦敦艾伦•图灵研究所的迈克尔•伍尔德里奇在接受《卫报》采访时表示："ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它会非常自信地返回虚假内容。"one of the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，故填problems。
（10）考查形容词。句意：这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相---它从各种资源中学习信息，但不能判断真假。修饰名词用形容词作定语，故填various。
本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国Open Al公司推出ChatGPT，令人震惊。这种智能机器人已经通过了四门法律课程。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

42.【答案】The other day my parents and I took∧ trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As is known，it's a famous mountain with different  kind of plants and animals.The weather was fine and we were  on high spirits.It was about noon  while we arrived at the foot of the mountain.We were very excited.As we climbed the mountain，we  feed monkeys，visited temples and told stories.On the way up，I was busy  took photos since the scenery was beautiful and  attractively.Time passed quickly，and before we knew it，night  has fallen.We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain.The food was expensive  and the service was good.I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment my head touched at the pillow.
详解：
1.考查冠词。句意：前几天我和父母去四川的峨眉山旅行。take a trip"旅行"是固定表达，故在trip前加a。
2.考查可数名词的复数。句意：众所周知，这是一座著名的山，有各种各样的动植物。kind"种类"是可数名词，被different修饰，应用其复数形式，different kinds of"各种各样的"。故kind改为kinds。
3.考查介词。句意：天气很好，我们情绪也很高。in high spirits"情绪高，心情好"是固定短语。故on改为in。
4.考查时间状语从句。句意：我们到达山脚下时，大约是中午时分。while引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词应是延续性动词；when引导让步状语从句，谓语动词既可是延续性动词也可是瞬间动词。句中arrived是瞬间动作，故应用when引导从句。故while改为when。
5.考查动词时态。句意：当我们爬山时，我们喂猴子，参观寺庙，讲故事。此处和visited，told为并列的谓语动词，使用一般过去时。故feed改为fed。
6.考查动名词。句意：在路上我忙着拍照，因为风景是如此美丽具有吸引力。be busy （in） doing sth."忙着做某事"是固定短语，应用动名词作宾语。故took改为taking。
7.考查形容词。句意：在路上我忙着拍照，因为风景是如此美丽具有吸引力。此处和上文beautiful并列作表语，应用形容词attractive"有吸引力的"。故attractively改为attractive。
8.考查形容词。句意：时间过得很快，不知不觉，夜幕降临。"夜幕降临"发生在"知道"之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故has改为had。
9.考查连词。句意：食物很贵，但是服务很好。"食物贵"与"服务好"是转折关系而非并列关系，应用but连接。故and改为but。
10.考查介词。句意：我太累了，头一碰到枕头就睡着了。touch"触及"是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，不需要介词。故将at去掉。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章叙述了作者一家在峨眉山旅游的经过。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

43.【答案】The Power of Sports
Sports benefit us in many aspects.When taking part in sports，we get the chance to train almost all parts of our bodies.There is no doubt that sports can keep our physical fitness，and thus enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.【高分句型一】Sports can also promote social changes by providing a platform for important issues to be addressed.（体育运动的益处）
Besides，sports have a unique power to bring people together and inspire greatness.Through participation，everyone can learn that on the playground they not only struggle for themselves but also fight for their dreams and teams.The spirit of sports connects people of different nations and colors for a shared future，making the world a better place.【高分句型二】（体育精神的力量）
【解析】高分句型一：There is no doubt that sports can keep our physical fitness，and thus enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.
翻译：毫无疑问，运动可以保持我们的身体健康，并且因此丰富我们的生活，保持我们的心理健康。
分析：本句运用了that引导的同位语从句。
高分句型二：The spirit of sports connects people of different nations and colors for a shared future，making the world a better place.
翻译：运动精神把不同国家、不同肤色的人联系在一起，为了共同的未来，让世界更美好。
分析：本句运用了现在分词作结果状语。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。