2022-2023学年北京市清华大学附属中学高三三模英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市清华大学附属中学高三三模英语试题含答案，共26页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

英语
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was in third grade, my family moved from a house in the countryside to a house in town. My parents sold the first house before they bought the second, so we were ___1___ for three months. During that time, a family friend ___2___ us their very small fishing cabin. The cabin had one bedroom, a small living room, a ___3___ kitchen, and a lounge where my brother and I slept in a bunk bed(双层床铺). It was a(n)___4___ time for my parents. All of our routines were disrupting. But I loved it.
I loved the bunk bed, where I knew my brother was right above me, close enough for me to ___5___ and grab if need be. I loved that there were no other ___6___ anywhere nearby, so my brother had to play with me. I loved that as I went to sleep at night, the light from the living room and the___7___ of my father watching TV were just a few feet away.
In that period of disruption, I loved the closeness that we relied upon our small cabin. In our normal lives, I wouldn’t have dared to ask my brother to play with me instead of his friends. I couldn’t have___8___ to share a bedroom with him.
___9___, my parents found a new house and we moved into it. It was bigger than our old house and much bigger than the cabin. But I mourned the loss of the cabin and, particularly, the loss of the ______10______.
1. A. houseless B. jobless C. helpless D. speechless
2. A. awarded B. showed C. returned D. offered
3. A. spacious B. narrow C. quality D. unique
4. A. emergent B. happy C. stressful D. relaxing
5. A. settle down B. reach up C. bend down D. show up
6. A. relatives B. players C. classmates D. neighbours
7. A. voice B. memory C. sound D. argument
8. A. requested B. decided C. refused D. troubled
9. A. Naturally B. Eventually C. Initially D. Urgently
10. A. closeness B. brotherhood C. friendship D. transformation
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父母在买第二套房子之前卖掉了第一套，所以他们在买新房子之前住在了一个小屋里，小屋虽小，但是作者很开心，因为小屋让他感到与家人的亲密感。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父母在买第二套房子之前卖掉了第一套，所以我们有大约三个月的时间无家可归。A. houseless无家的；B. jobless无工作的；C. helpless无助的；D. speechless说不出话的。根据上文“My parents sold the first house before they bought the second,”可知，作者的父母在买第二套房子之前卖掉了第一套，所以他们大约有三个月时间无家可归。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，家里的一个朋友把他们的小渔房让给了我们。A. awarded奖励；B. showed展示；C. returned返回；D. offered提供。根据下文“us their very small fishing cabin.”和下文讲到作者一家住在这个小屋里可知，一个朋友提供给作者一家一个小屋居住。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小木屋里有一间卧室，一间小客厅，一间狭窄的厨房，还有一间休息室，我和哥哥睡在那里的一张双层床上。A. spacious宽敞的；B. narrow狭窄的；C. quality高品质的；D. unique独一无二的。根据下文“During that time, a family friend ___2___ us their very small fishing cabin.”可知，因为屋子非常小，所以厨房很狭窄。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我父母来说，那是一段压力很大的时期。A. emergent紧急的；B. happy高兴的；C. stressful有压力的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据下文“All of our routines were disrupting.”可知，作者一家住在这个小屋里，所有的惯例都被颠覆了，由此可知，父母应该感到很有压力。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢双层床，在那里我知道我的哥哥就在我的正上方，离我足够近，如果需要的话，我可以伸手触摸。A. settle down定居；B. reach up伸手；C. bend down弯腰；D. show up出现。根据“and grab if need be.”可知，双层床离作者很近，作者可以伸手触摸。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢附近没有其他邻居，所以我哥哥不得不和我一起玩。A. relatives亲戚；B. players游戏的人；C. classmates同学；D. neighbors邻居。根据下文“so my brother had to play with me.”可知，住在小屋这，哥哥不得不只和作者玩，由此可知，小屋附近没有其他邻居。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢当我晚上睡觉的时候，客厅的灯光和父亲看电视的声音就在几英尺远的地方。A. voice嗓音；B. memory记忆；C. sound声音；D. argument争论。根据下文“of my father watching TV”可知，此处表示电视发出的声音。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能要求和他共用一间卧室。A. requested要求；B. decided决定；C. refused拒绝；D. troubled麻烦。根据下文“to share a bedroom with him.”可知，要不是住在小屋里，作者不可能要求和哥哥共用一间卧室。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后我的父母找到了一所新房子，我们搬了进去。A. Naturally自然地；B. Eventually最后；C. Initially最初；D. Urgently紧急地。根据下文“my parents found a new house and we moved into it.”和上文描述到作者一家在买新房子前搬进一个小屋里可知，文章是按照时间顺序来写的，所以此处指最后，作者一家搬到新家去了。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我为失去了小屋，尤其是失去了亲密的关系而感到悲伤。A. closeness亲密；B. brotherhood手足情谊；C. friendship友谊；D. transformation转型。根据上文“In that period of disruption, I loved the closeness that we relied upon our small cabin.”可知，小屋让作者一家更加亲密，所以从小屋搬出去，失去了亲密感。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes ____11____ (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work ____12____ (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked ____13____ (interesting) than ever.
【答案】11. were damaged
12. to collect
13. more interesting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。
【13题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and ____14____ (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists ____15____ (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further ____16____ (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay.
【答案】14. competition
15. have identified
16. prevents
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量下降的原因。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of ____17____ causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes ____18____ (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act ____19____ relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves ____20____ negativity.
【答案】17. what
18. leading
19. which##that
20. from
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Spend six nights working with rangers (护林员) while helping to preserve Yosemite National Park!
Yosemite is one of the world’s most beloved national parks. As volunteers in Yosemite Valley, we help rangers fix trails and repair fragile natural resources. No previous experience necessary, our leaders provide the training we need to complete the work at hand.
Activities
Volunteers should be comfortable hiking up to two miles each day. To assess your fitness, you are required to hike stairs for 2-3 miles with a daypack weighing 10-15 pounds at the fitness test.
What’s Included
All meals from dinner on Day 1 through breakfast on Day 7; campground reservations; group tools; transportation from campground to work sites; orientation and training; park entrance fees.
Accommodations
Camping, 6 nights (bring your own tent).
Your Adventure Itinerary(日程)
▶Day 1
Meet for orientation and enjoy a welcome dinner. An orientation meeting will be conducted to provide volunteers with an overview of the scheduled work projects as well as training in proper tool use and safety.
▶Days 2-5
Working with park rangers, assist in trail maintenance and restoration. During these three days, we plan to work from 9 a. m. - 4 p. m. with an hour scheduled for lunch. We return to Yellow Pines Campground each evening for dinner and relaxation.
▶Day 6
Explore Yosemite National Park on your much deserved rest day. Challenge yourself on a hike up the Mist Trail, relax by the Merced River, or read a book in a peaceful meadow — this day is all yours.
▶Day 7
Depart Yosemite for home. Volunteers wishing to stay longer may make reservations at other campgrounds or lodging in the park.
21. In the Yosemite Volunteer Project, volunteers are supposed to ______.
A. replace the rangers
B. help tourists carry daypacks
C. have relevant working experience
D. restore easily damaged natural resources
22. What is included in the volunteer program package?
A. Personal camping equipment.
B. Transportation from home to work sites.
C. All meals and accommodation in a hotel.
D. Campground bookings and park admission fees.
23. What is the recommended activity during the rest day of the project?
A. Relaxing by a river. B. Guiding a reading activity.
C. Participating in a guided hike. D. Assisting at an orientation meeting.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Yosemite山谷的志愿者的7日活动。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“As volunteers in Yosemite Valley, we help rangers fix trails and repair fragile natural resources. (作为Yosemite山谷的志愿者，我们帮助护林员修复小径，修复脆弱的自然资源。)”可知，在Yosemite志愿者项目中，志愿者的任务是修复容易受损的自然资源。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What’s Included中的“All meals from dinner on Day 1 through breakfast on Day 7; campground reservations; group tools; transportation from campground to work sites; orientation and training; park entrance fees. (从第1天的晚餐到第7天的早餐；营地预订；小组工具；从露营地到工作地点的交通工具；入职培训；公园门票。)”可知，志愿者项目包包括露营地预订和公园入场费。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据▶Day 6“Explore Yosemite National Park on your much deserved rest day. Challenge yourself on a hike up the Mist Trail, relax by the Merced River, or read a book in a peaceful meadow — this day is all yours. (在你应得的休息日探索约塞米蒂国家公园。在薄雾小道上徒步挑战自己，在默塞德河边放松，或者在宁静的草地上读一本书——这一天都是你的。)”可知，项目休息日的推荐活动是在河边放松。故选A。
B
The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. And he was always respectful of the other students’ perspectives, as if each of them were a teacher. Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile—and he left with one too.
“These students gave me the confidence that I didn’t need to feel bad about my age,” Valencia says.
One day, I spotted Valencia on campus. He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money and have his student-loan papers in order. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class.
Sure, I said. But he wouldn’t get any credit.
No problem, he said.
Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles—a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class.
A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,”says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go.
There is something splendidly unreasonable about Valencia’s determination to get a four-year degree and then a master’s. At his current pace, he’ll be 90 when he finally hangs all that paper on the wall. But that doesn’t seem especially relevant. He’s found all the youthful energy and academic opportunity stimulating. Valencia’s grade in my class this semester will not show up on his transcripts(成绩单). But I’m giving him an A—and in the most important ways, it counts.
24. What made Valencia different from his classmates?
A. He was respectful to the teacher.
B. He activated the class atmosphere.
C. He was eager to learn despite his age.
D. He often put forward different opinions.
25. According to the author, why did Valencia continue to attend classes?
A. He treasured the chance of learning.
B. He wished to show his determination.
C. He needed the credits to further his study.
D. He desired to have an A on his transcripts.
26. Which of the following best describes Valencia?
A. Modest and independent. B. Energetic and generous.
C. Enthusiastic and motivated. D. Considerate and intelligent.
27. What can we learn from the passage?
A. No pains, no gains. B. It is never too old to learn.
C. Strike the iron while it is hot. D. Where there is life, there is hope.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他并没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。
24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The student arrived early, sat front and center, and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one. I’d say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate communications class. (这个学生很早就到了，坐在前排和中间，在我的教室里，他在很多方面都很突出。我得说，他比我本科传播学班上的同学大40岁左右。)”、第三段“He said he would have to stop taking classes that semester and reapply for next year. By then, he hoped to have earned enough money and have his student-loan papers in order. He asked seriously whether he could still sit in on my communications class. (他说他那学期将不得不停止上课，并重新申请明年的课程。到那时，他希望能赚到足够的钱，并把学生贷款文件办妥。他严肃地问我是否还能旁听我的交际课。)”、第六段“Soon there he was again, back at his old desk, jumping into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles—a 63-year-old man with as much energy and curiosity as any of the youngsters in class. (很快，他又回来了，回到他的旧桌子旁，加入到我们关于如何在洛杉矶寻找和讲述故事的讨论中——一个63岁的男人，和班上任何一个年轻人一样充满活力和好奇心。)”、第七段“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. (瓦伦西亚的很多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍然在做作业。)”和“Afterward, I overheard Valencia wanted to stay in school until he earned a master’s degree, but it had taken him 12 years to finish community college, so he had a long way to go. (后来，我无意中听到瓦伦西亚想留在学校直到获得硕士学位，但他花了12年时间才完成社区大学学业，所以他还有很长的路要走。)”可知，瓦伦西亚与他的同学的不同之处在于：尽管他年纪大了，但他渴望学习。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，瓦伦西亚继续上课是因为他得到了学习的乐趣，珍惜学习的机会。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He eagerly jumped into class discussions, with his humor and wisdom of experience. (他以他的幽默和经验智慧，热情地参加了课堂讨论。)”可知，瓦伦西亚很热情；由倒数第二段中的“A lot of Valencia’s classmates apparently knew he couldn’t afford that semester’s tuition but was still doing the homework. “Here he is, willingly taking a class for the delight of it and benefit of learning,” says Jessica Espinosa, a 25-year-old junior. (瓦伦西亚的许多同学显然知道他付不起那学期的学费，但他仍在做作业。25岁的大三学生杰西卡·埃斯皮诺萨说：“他来了，为了学习的乐趣和益处，他很乐意去上课。”)”可知，63岁交不起学费的瓦伦西亚，为了学习的乐趣仍继续上课，说明他很上进；他是一个热情、上进的人。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，本文讲述了一个关于“活到老，学到老”的故事。杰里·瓦伦西亚是一个63岁的大三学生，尽管年龄很大，但他对学习仍然充满热情。在课堂上，他会积极参加讨论，尊重其他同学的观点，很多学生对他的精神充满了敬佩。他没有足够的钱去支付学费但他仍不放弃，通过工作赚钱，坚持继续完成学业，还要继续读研。可得出这篇文章主要告诉我们“It is never too old to learn. (活到老，学到老。)”的道理。故选B。
C
A heavy feeling on the chest. A throat that’s leaden. An overwhelming feeling of isolation. Loneliness hurts—and, over time, it can put the body into a state that increases our risk of everything from heart attack and stroke to diabetes and cancer. So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it?
Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, says that countless studies have helped researchers formulate a holistic(全面的)purpose for loneliness. “Our social structures evolved hand in hand with neural, hormonal and genetic mechanisms to support these social structures—like couples, tribes and communities—that help us survive and reproduce,” says Cacioppo. Because while loneliness may be painful to experience today, for our prehistoric ancestors that pain would have been a far better alternative to being caught alone with a predator on the prowl(潜行).
Being social had its downsides even back then—competition for food, for example, or contribution to the spread of pathogens(病原体). But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness because it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and to protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness prompted us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action, explains Cacioppo.
For years, researchers thought of loneliness as a disease. But now, they’re realizing that it’s more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when it’s time to reconnect with those around us to promote our short-term survival. If the outcomes of loneliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA. “Hunger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo.
Loneliness impacts us all differently. Some of us may find certain situations lonely even while others don’t. There’s also a genetic component: Some of us are born to feel lonelier than others. Other factors play a role, too. The way we were treated as children can also inform how lonely we feel as adults. Lonely people spend most of their time deep within their own imaginations; they may conceptualize social encounters so much, in fact, that this part of their brain is in overdrive. That means even though they may be desperate to form connections, when they’re around other people, they’re actually less likely to be present.
28. As for loneliness, which would the author agree with?
A. It can lead to serious mental problems in adulthood.
B. It holds potential risks and disadvantages to individuals.
C. It may reflect a person’s strong desire to have social bonds.
D. It is perceived in the same way as it is demonstrated by our DNA.
29. Scientists believe that loneliness is______.
A. beneficial but risky B. painful but necessary
C. natural and powerful D. personal and harmful
30. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Humans evolved to be lonely. B. Loneliness is a curable disease.
C. Loneliness is a personal feeling. D. Humans need to address loneliness.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了从进化的角度来说，我们为什么会有孤独这种感觉。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But now, they’re realizing that it’s more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when it’s time to reconnect with those around us to promote our short-term survival.(但现在，他们意识到这更像是一种生理饥饿信号，提醒我们何时该与周围的人重新联系，以促进我们的短期生存)”可知，作者可能会同意孤独反映了一个人对社会关系的强烈渴望。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Because while loneliness may be painful to experience today, for our prehistoric ancestors that pain would have been a far better alternative to being caught alone with a predator on the prowl(潜行).(因为虽然孤独在今天可能是一种痛苦的体验，但对于我们的史前祖先来说，这种痛苦要比独自面对徘徊的捕食者要好得多)”以及第三段中“But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness because it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and to protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness prompted us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action, explains Cacioppo.(但科学家们认为，我们之所以会感到孤独，是因为与他人合作完成任务和保护每个人更为重要。卡乔波解释说:“孤独的痛苦促使我们更新社会结构，这样我们才能生存，并促进信任、合作和集体行动等关键特征。”)”可知，科学家认为孤独是痛苦但必要的。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it?(那么，从进化的角度来说，我们为什么会有这种感觉呢?)”以及倒数第二段中“If the outcomes of loneliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA. “Hunger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo.(如果孤独的结果完全是负面的，它将不再是我们DNA的一部分。“饥饿和口渴保护我们的身体，而孤独保护我们的社会身体，”卡乔波说)”可知，本文主要从进化的角度来说，我们为什么会有孤独这种感觉，所以A项“Humans evolved to be lonely.(人类进化成孤独的)”是本段最好的标题。故选A项。
D
A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing lioness. The lioness shrugged him off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong.
Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or put down, irrespective of whether they were only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone.
“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more ‘likes’ they get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes an evaporation of common sense.
“There’s a worrying lack of awareness that animals several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,”says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thrill for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”
“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”
31. What can we learn about reckless behaviour around wildlife?
A. It harms tourists more than animals.
B It enables tourists to get intimate with animals.
C. It may bring more profits to a tourist destination.
D. It may get animals killed for defending themselves.
32. As for Mossbacher’s opinion on what drives people’s reckless behavior, the author is______.
A. sympathetic B. disapproving
C. doubtful D. indifferent
33. What does the underlined word “cocky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Selfish. B. Frightened.
C. Arrogant. D. Shocked.
34. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Parks are expected to take more responsibilities for educating tourists.
B. Raising tourists’ awareness means stressing the danger of animals to them.
C. More regulation of the tourist industry is the key to raising tourists’ awareness.
D. Penalties rather than education can stop people taking silly risks around wildlife.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了游客面对野生动物时变得越来越鲁莽这一现象的原因并提出解决这一问题的建议。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or put down, irrespective of whether they were only defending themselves. (人可能会被攻击、咬伤，甚至可能被杀死，而动物可能会被伤害、移走或杀死，不管它们是否只是在自卫)”可知，人类鲁莽的的行为可能会导致会让动物因为自卫而被杀死。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Mossbacher的话“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.(游客面对野生动物时越来越鲁莽，而问题的根源是社交媒体)”可知，Mossbacher认为社交媒体是游客面对野生动物时越来越鲁莽的根本原因，根据第四段中“Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience.(然而，社交媒体并不完全是罪魁祸首。人们总是为了体验而冒险)”可知，作者认为Mossbacher的表述并不完全准确，作者认为游客的鲁莽行为也可许是从于人类的本性。所以他对Mossbacher的观点持怀疑态度。故选C项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. (人们总是为了体验而冒险。自人类诞生以来，在危险动物面前愚蠢的行为和cocky倾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒险是人类的本性，结合并列词组“Foolish behavior”可知推知，“get cocky”也是一种鲁莽的、不理性的表现，结合选项，cocky与arrogant同义，意为“傲慢的”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife.(我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild(人们没有得到关于为什么他们需要远离野生动物的教育，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自然生长)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned.____35____
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.____36____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
____37____ When we learn to solve problems for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.____38____This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.____39____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, no one is expected to solve all problems by themselves. If you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.
A. You also learn what you’re good at.
B. Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C. They can be practical things like pens and paper.
D. Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
E. These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
F. Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
G. But being resourceful can help you stay calm and deal with tricky situations.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. D 38. A 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
【35题详解】
根据前文“How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned.(当你自己解决问题的时候是什么感觉?事情可能并不总是按计划进行。)”及下文“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”可知，遇到棘手的问题时要足智多谋，随机应变。所以选择项G“But being resourceful can help you stay calm and deal with tricky situations.(但是足智多谋可以帮助你保持冷静，处理棘手的情况。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据前句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的also可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项E“These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据后文“When we learn to solve problems for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. (当我们学会自己解决问题而不是立即向别人寻求帮助时，它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感觉更独立，在做决定时感觉更好。足智多谋可能不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理它们会让你感觉压力更小，下次更有准备。)”可知，本段主要介绍足智多谋所带来的好处。所以选择项D“Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.(足智多谋是一种在很多方面对你都有好处的技能。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
38题详解】
前文“ Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. (足智多谋可能不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理它们会让你感觉压力更小，下次更有准备。)”指出创造性地思考的好处之一是让自己更有准备，空处应也在介绍好处，选项A“You also learn what you’re good at. (你也会知道你擅长什么。)”符合，即好处是对自己更加了解。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据前句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. (接下来，为这个问题想出尽可能多的解决方案。)”和后句“Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. (最后，回顾一下哪些是有效的，哪些是无效的，这样你就能在下次处理这种情况时做好准备。)”可知，想出尽可能多的解决方案后要权衡和筛选，选出最佳的一个。所以选择项F“Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. (权衡一下每个方案的优点和缺点，选择最好的。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best? They put forward many theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group performance.
40. What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
▶Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence?(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
42. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
43. There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.

【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.(然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
第二节(20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周末你班到光明农场参加了公益劳动。你的英国朋友Jim想了解相关情况，请你给他写封邮件分享此活动，内容包括：
1. 活动目的和活动内容;
2. 活动反响和收获。
注意：词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：公益劳动voluntary labour
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you’re interested in students’ voluntary labour, I’m writing to share something about it.
Aimed to promote the all-round development of the students, a labor practice took place on Guangming Farm last month. Each student took an active part in the activities, teaming up to have all the tasks finished efficiently. Throughout the three days, we gained a lot.
The practice left a deep impression on us. Not only did it enrich our school life, but it further developed our love for work.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友Jim回复邮件，介绍上周末你班到光明农场参加的公益劳动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
感兴趣：take an interest in→be interested in
改善：improve→promote
参加：participate in→take an active part in
有效地：effectively→efficiently
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Aimed to promote the all-round development of the students, a labor practice took place on Guangming Farm last month.
拓展句：A labor practice took place on Guangming Farm last month, whose aim is to promote the all-round development of the students.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you’re interested in students’ voluntary labour, I’m writing to share something about it. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only did it enrich our school life, but it further developed our love for work. (运用了部分倒装)