2023届重庆市万州第二高中（教育集团）高三下学期5月第三次诊断测试英语试题+听力

这是一份2023届重庆市万州第二高中（教育集团）高三下学期5月第三次诊断测试英语试题+听力，共25页。试卷主要包含了15，AABD等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届重庆市万州第二高中（教育集团）高三下学期5月第三次诊断
英语试题
考生须知：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚；
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效；
3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
4.全卷共11页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1．What are the speakers going to do?
A．Work together. B．Wait for a taxi. C．Go to a restaurant.
2．What does the woman mean?
A．The performances weren’t good
B．She lost her watch last night
C．She was late for the performance
3．What is the people mainly talk about ?
A．American literature B．Elementary education. C．Children’s literature.
4．What went on at Cooper’s last night?
A．A movie show. B．A birthday party. C．A sales promotion.
5．How much money did the speakers make?
A．$500. B．Less than $500. C．More than $500.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．A．Ellen’s determination to fulfill a childhood dream.
B．Ellen’s ability to put her experience into words.
C．Ellen’s scientific and technic skills.
7．A．Those who want to become astronauts should have experience as aeroplane pilots.
B．Those who want to become astronauts should have more than one university degree.
C．Those who want to become astronauts should be a specific height.
8．A．Spacewalking.
B．Working in mission control.
C．Coping with unexpected problems.
9．A．Do a study of the first people in space.
B．Do a project on Ellen Ochoa as part of their science coursework.
C．Find out more about the current state of space research.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10．Who is the woman?
A．David’s classmate. B．David’s doctor. C．David’s teacher.
11．When does David usually go to bed recently?
A．Around nine thirty. B．Around ten o'clock. C．Around eleven o'clock.
12．What did the man promise?
A．He would take David to school.
B．He would change his bad habit.
C．He would help David with his studies.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
13．A．Try not to think of a polar bear.
B．Try to pose as a polar bear.
C．Stop thinking about their feet.
14．A．Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment.
B．Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose.
C．Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning.
15．A．There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts.
B．Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface.
C．We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
16．What do we know about the writer?
A．He can move fast.
B．He was born disabled.
C．He will travel around the world.
17．How does the man find the writer?
A．Encouraging. B．Strange. C．Stupid.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
18．What will Millie’s mother receive for her birthday?
A．A shirt. B．A skirt. C．A small cake.
19．Who will cook the special dinner?
A．Millie’s mother. B．Millie’s friend. C．Millie.
20．Where will the speakers go this afternoon?
A．To a bakery. B．To a grocery store. C．To a gift shop.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Senior English news editors and reporters
Job description: Responsible for writing news stories and comments in English and editing stories
The ideal candidates should:
1. Have master degrees in journalism, mass communications, international politics, economics, foreign languages and other related majors, and overseas study experience preferred;
2. Have a strong news sensitivity, excellent English skills in listening, oral communication, reading
comprehension, writing and translation, and be able to independently conduct interviews and write news stories in English;
3. Have good communication, news planning, teamwork skills, be able to adapt to business trips and work night shifts under high working pressure.
English video editors/reporters
Job description: Video program planning, video shooting and editing, and video platform operation
The ideal candidates should:
1. Have good skills in the use of various shooting equipment, editing software such as Premiere, Final Cut, After Effects, can independently conduct interviews, shoot and edit news videos;
2. Be familiar with domestic and foreign video platforms, browsing a large number of short video programs from home and abroad;
3. Have strong communication skills, be able to adapt to greater work pressure, have strong teamwork ability;
4. Candidates are able to work under high working pressure.
Art designers
Job description: Page design, chart design and poster design
The ideal candidates should:
1. Have bachelor degrees in art, visual communication, and other related fields.
2. Be able to independently complete design tasks under high working pressure, have good understanding and communication skills.
3. Have proficiency in using InDesign, Photoshop, Illustrator and other design software;
4. Candidates are able to adapt to high working pressure.
Please send your CV or resume to zhaopinbianji@globaltimes.com.cn, with the subject of the email indicating source of recruitment information + your name + position sought.
21．If you want to apply for English video editors, you are expected to be good at _______.
A．Photoshop B．Illustrator C．Premiere D．InDesign
22．What does the requirements of candidates have in common?
A．They should speak fluent English. B．They should browse foreign websites.
C．They could work night shifts. D．They could work under high working pressure.
23．Which news agency put up this advertisement?
A．Global Times B．China Daily C．The Times D．Washington Post
B
The American company Walmart is offering something new to its employees: help with earning a college degree. Walmart said the program is open to both full-time and part-time workers who have been with the company for at least 90 days.
Walmart is the largest private employer in the United States. In the past, the company has helped its workers finish high school or pass the General Educational Development, or GED exam, which is designed to show one’s knowledge of high school-level skills.
Walmart hopes the new chance to earn a college degree will help it find and keep higher quality entry-level (最底层的) employees in a competitive market. Walmart is partnering with a company called Guild Education to offer employees the chance to get a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in business or supply-chain management. The program will cost a dollar a day at one of the three schools: the University of Florida, Brandman University and Bellevue University. All three universities have had success in working with adult learners and offer programs through the Internet.
Walmart plans to develop its program further to other degrees in the future. It will also offer college-preparation classes for workers who need extra help. The company is paying for the cost of classes, books and other school-related costs so students will not need to borrow money.
This new partnership is an example of how large retail (零售) businesses are under stress and have to improve the skills of their entry-level workers. It comes at a time when the jobs of entry-level workers are getting more difficult to do partly because of the growing popularity of online sales. Two other reasons are competition from online retailer Amazon and more picky buyers.
The company also trains managers at its Walmart Training Academy, and has a program for entry-level workers.
24．What requirements you must meet to take part in Walmart’s program?
A．Passing the GED exam. B．Being able to use computers.
C．Paying a dollar a day for the program. D．Working for it for at least three months.
25．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．How the program runs. B．What employees will learn.
C．Why Walmart carries out the program. D．Where the entry-level employees are from.
26．How is the program?
A．Risky. B．Difficult. C．Necessary. D．Puzzling.
27．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Walmart works with three universities. B．Walmart pays for employees’ college degree.
C．You need a college degree to work for Walmart. D．You can receive college education while working.
C
Pigs may be more intelligent than people thought, as shown in a study where pigs used a joystick (操纵杆) and played a video game. Researchers used 2-year-old Panepinto micro pigs called Ebony and Ivory, as well as Hamlet and Omelet, 3-month-old Yorkshire pigs. Researchers first taught these pigs how to play with a joystick, teaching them the word, “joystick”. Next, on the words “watch the screen”, they learned how to watch targets (目标) on the screen. Of course, praise was given to the active pigs winning a game.
During the experiment, all pigs performed well. As they became more successful, the level of difficulty increased, just like in human video games! At first, the pigs had to hit a three-walled target which was then reduced to two walls and then one wall.
All pigs did well with the three-walled targets; however, the Panepinto pigs performed better on the more difficult levels. One disadvantage for the Yorkshire pigs was that they simply grew so large that they could no longer fit in their test. After a few months, Omelet and Hamlet were taken away from the experiment.
Dr. Candace Croney, a leading animal behavior scientist in Cambridge, said, “The findings of the study are important because what we do to pigs matters to them. It would be nice for people to realize how special pigs are, and how much more intelligent they may be than we recognized. The researchers said that the pigs’ actions were deliberate (故意的). This led them to believe that pigs were able to, successfully do new tasks.
“It may encourage other researchers to use touch screens and computer technology to study pigs intelligence in the future,” Croney said. The team hopes this type of research will make people pay more attention to this farm animal and show people how they can change the lives of animals.
28．What did the researchers do to the pigs at the beginning?
A．They studied their habits. B．They gave them enough food.
C．They trained them to play a game. D．They gave them special names.
29．What could we find about the pigs in the experiment?
A．They could keep focused for a long time. B．They tried hard to win the games for praise.
C．They did all the tasks without any difficulty. D．They got harder tasks as their performance improved.
30．What made Omelet and Hamlet unsuitable for the experiment later?
A．Their intelligence. B．Their body size. C．Their power. D．Their weight.
31．What is Croney’s attitude towards the results of the study?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncertain D．Surprised.
D
Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentives.
There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.
All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate (复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them — but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.
But there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.
It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why aren’t scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.
In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.
We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure (终身教授) grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?
An oft-used metric (标准，度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.
If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system (钻空子). And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud (欺诈). If malicious (恶意的) fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.
However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.
32．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Scientists are expected to persistently devoted to exploration of reality.
B．The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.
C．Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments’ results.
D．The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.
33．What does deaf ears in the fourth paragraph probably refer to?
A．The public. B．The incentive initiators.
C．The peer researchers. D．The high-impact journal editors.
34．Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A．Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.
B．Competition for resources pushes researchers to publish in a more productive way.
C．All the credentialed scholars and researchers will take up university professorships.
D．The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.
35．According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?
A．High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.
B．The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.
C．Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.
D．Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mental Health Crisis Among Teens Demands a New Approach
Since the CDC released its survey results last month showing alarmingly high rates of sadness and depressive thoughts among teens, fingers have been pointed from two sides at the causes of this crisis. ____36____. Others say that today’s more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue.
According to the CDC’s findings, more than one in five of the 17,000 high school students surveyed reported mental breakdown. Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society’s isolation(隔离)and stress. ____37____.
Parents as well as teachers and others who have direct contact with children must accept this preventive approach. It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts. ___38____. It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children.
____39____. For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden. We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. ____40___. Put the politics aside. There are lives in the balance.
A．And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before.
B．This means that we must put aside our disagreements and approach this issue as a matter of life and death.
C．Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety.
D．Hospitalization may also be appropriate when the person in question shows an immediate danger to themselves.
E．At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families.
F．It’s time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers.
G．It’s time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational. But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without ____41____. Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often ____42____.
Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brainscans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track where, ____43____, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: ____44____ the loss of life — a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal, as philosophers put it — is the thing to do.
But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a bystander whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five ____45____, and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. ___46____, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade-off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to ____47____ than does the lever-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____48____ than the hesitation of a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional concerns ____49____control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough _____50_____ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (闷死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other _____51_____. Greene explains that our intuitive dislike to the killing of an innocent gradually evolved to become especially sensitive to visions of direct physical attack.
Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should _____52_____ our moral intuitions (本能) and ask whether they deserve respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “_____53_____ gene” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could _____54_____ relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “_____55_____ of the passions”.
41．A．comprehension B．hesitation C．resolution D．permission
42．A．reliable B．invisible C．impressive D．decisive
43．A．unfortunately B．obviously C．surprisingly D．inevitably
44．A．regretting B．minimizing C．justifying D．estimating
45．A．struggle B．deal C．loss D．mistake
46．A．Likewise B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover
47．A．memory B．reason C．emotion D．sensory
48．A．enduring B．obvious C．acceptable D．intense
49．A．compete for B．come from C．take over D．engage in
50．A．self-reflecting B．decision-making C．problem-solving D．attention-calling
51．A．innocents B．hostages C．relatives D．soldiers
52．A．trust B．apply C．examine D．ignore
53．A．superior B．stubborn C．caring D．selfish
54．A．willingly B．collectively C．deliberately D．cheaply
55．A．master B．advocate C．slave D．protester
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Lying is even considered ____56____ developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, with sophisticated planning and attention ____57____ (require). But, for most people, lying gets increasingly limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
According to Ariely, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gains while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine. Some people told the truth instantly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的)control network, which is involved in complex thinking. It suggested that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty, and after thinking about it, ____58____ (choose) the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centers were ____59____ (active) when they won money were less likely to be among the group of liars, and the opposite was seen among those so-called habitual liars, suggesting that lying ____60____ have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we think others are watching. “We ____61____ a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability of ____62____ happening again, influencing all of us,” Ariely said.
In a 2016 study, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people told a lie, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala, a crucial part of the brain that produces fear and guilt. But when scientists had their subjects ____63____ (play) a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. “Not only that,” said Ariely in an interview with National Science Channel, “ ____64____ people tended to lie more when they faced no consequences for dishonesty. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies, ____65____ get bigger over time.”
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Ann在北京冬奥会期间提供志愿者服务，并被评为优秀志愿者。请你给他写封电子邮件，表示祝贺，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 告知庆祝派对安排的相关事宜；
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ann,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Will you do me a favor, Achenyo?” Mama called as she looked up from her weaving. Beside her was a pile of wild-grass stalks (秆). Mama took a stalk, laid it along the length of the half-finished bag, and began to weave (编织). In the corner were pots of dyes (染料) she’d use to paint the finished bags. “Will you get me some water for the dyes?” “Of course, Mama!” Achenyo picked up a pot as she ran outside. She didn’t like weaving, although it was a tradition for a mother to pass on the trade to her daughter. Outside, Achenyo called to her neighbor Ajuma. Both girls, with pots balanced on their heads, made their way to the river.
Achenyo and Ajuma soon arrived at the water’s edge, and they found a huge surprise. The river was gone! In its place was a blanket of dark green leaves and lavender-colored (淡紫色的) flowers. “Oh no!” Achenyo cried. “Mama won’t have water to mix the dyes for her bags.” When the adults arrived at the riverbank, they shook their heads, saying “They’ve struck again!”
Last year, the rainy season had brought an invasion (入侵) of water hyacinths. The plants had covered the river and left no room to dip a pot to get water. And now they were back. The adults walked into the water. They began pulling up water hyacinths and throwing them onto the riverbank. When they’d cleared enough plants, the girls filled their pots with water. A pile of water hyacinths lay on the riverbank. What a shame to waste such pretty flowers, Achenyo thought. She picked some for Mama, and then the girls headed home. Each day, they found the river covered by water hyacinths as if no one had cleared the waterfront (水边地) the day before. To fill their pots, they again had to pull up and throw water hyacinths onto the riverbank. The pile on the sand grew taller.
One day, as Achenyo moved an armful of dried water hyacinths out of her way, she had an idea. Carrying the plants under her arm, she ran home.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
3. 参考词汇：weave vt. & vi. (wove, woven) 编织
“Mama, will you teach me to weave?” asked Achenyo eagerly.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One afternoon, Achenyo held up her finished work made from water hyacinths.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2023届重庆市万州第二高中（教育集团）高三下学期5月第三次诊断
英语试题 参考答案
1．C【原文】M: Cathy, I’m hungry, let’s get something to eat.
W: Me too. Is there a place nearby that we can get something to eat?
2．A【原文】M: So how was yesterday’s performance? Did I miss out on anything good?
W: Hardly. I kept looking at my watch the whole night.
3．B【原文】M: Hi, Helen, what do you think of this class in children’s literature?
W: It is pretty good. I didn’t know that you also major in elementary education.
Q: What is the major field of the two speakers?
4．C【原文】W: Did you go to Cooper’s last night?
M: No, was there anything special?
W: Yes, the employees dressed up as movie characters, and every customer received a discount card.
M: That was interesting.
5．B【原文】W: Well, we didn’t do too badly.
M: No, but I’m a bit disappointed. I thought we’d make $500. Harry made lots more than we did.
6．C 7．B 8．C 9．B
【原文】M: That was a really interesting article the tutor recommended about Ellen Ochoa, wasn’t it, Bella?
W: It certainly was, Tom. I found it particularly interesting to read about a spacewoman. There aren’t too many of those around.M: You’re right there!W: Anyway, I’m sure they’d be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. What I liked best were the sections which quoted her — I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space.M: True. And she’s also obviously a very talented scientist.
W: Yes, she did amazing work and I think she sounds as if she must have been a wonderful colleague for the others in her team.
M: Absolutely, Bella! I also found the article interesting in what it said about the requirements for becoming an astronaut. I knew you’d have to have done loads of flight hours as an ordinary aircraft pilot of course. And I suppose it’s not that surprising they want people who are good at sports and who aren’t either too small or too tall.
W: Mm, well, I was surprised, Tom, that being shorter than the average person was not acceptable. I wouldn’t have expected that to be an issue. But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree. I don’t think I even realised you had to be a graduate.
M: Me neither. I never imagined that. Anyway, she does have an interesting life, doesn’t she?
W: Yes, Tom, I know. Imagine walking in space. And having to work inside and outside the capsule when you’re weightless!
M: Yes, that must be extraordinary. For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be amazing.
W: Well, we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you like, Tom. I wonder if Ellen Ochoa’s experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we’ve got to do next term. Or, you know, we could see what we could learn about everyone who’s gone into space.
M: Well, I’m not sure about that. I was quite keen to do something on the funding of space research. Anyway, I suppose we could bear it in mind. But what I do fancy doing is going to a series of lectures I’ve seen advertised on astronauts and how they’re portrayed in the cinema and in books.
W: Wow! That sounds brilliant! Do you mind if I come along too?
M: Of course not, Bella. It’d be good to do it together.
Questions:
17. What makes Bella admire the astronaut Ellen Ochoa?
18. Which of the following surprises Tom?
19. What does Tom think is the most interesting part of Ellen’s life?
20. What do Tom and Bella both now decide to do?
10．C 11．C 12．B
13．A 14．C 15．C
【原文】
Try not to think about your feet Now observe yourself over the next few minutes as you are unable to stop thinking about them. This phenomenon, known as the “white bear problem,” was first suggested back in 1863 by Russian novelist, Fyodor Dostoevsky. In his essay, he challenged readers, “Try to pose yourself this task not to think of a polar bear, and you will see that the annoying thing will come to mind every minute.”
Over a century and a half later, Harvard psychologist Daniel Wegner came across Dostoevsky’s passage, and was inspired to investigate the matter further. Wegner designed an experiment involving different groups of subjects who were asked to think of or not to think of a white bear. When the first group of people were asked not to think of a white bear, they ended up thinking of it more than once per minute on average. Next, the same group was asked to do the same exercise, but this time to think of white bears from the very beginning. It turned out that the participants in the first group thought of the bear far more often than the other groups who had been instructed to think of white bears on purpose. Wegner coined the term “ironic rebound” to describe the process whereby deliberate attempts to control thoughts make them more likely to come to the surface.
Questions
1. What did the Russian novelist ask the readers to do in his essay back in 1863?
2. Who thought of the white bear the most among different groups of subjects?
3. According to Wegner, what will happen if we attempt hard to control certain thoughts?
16．B 17．A
【原文】W: What are you reading? M: It is a book written by a guy who was born without arms or legs. W: What? So, how does he get around? M: He can actually walk pretty well, but he can’t move that fast. He also has an assistant who helps him. He is actually quite successful. W: He must have worked pretty hard. M: Yeah. He travels around the world and gives speeches to young people. He’s changed many people’s lives. Even when nothing seemed possible, he stayed positive and put in even more effort.
18．B 19．C 20．B
【原文】M: Millie, tomorrow is your mom’s 50th birthday. Do you know that? W: Of course. What should we do for it? M: First of all, a birthday present. What about buying her a beautiful skirt? W: That’s a good idea. It’ll make her look younger. And a big birthday cake, too. M: Right. Should we have a special dinner? W: How about a Chinese dinner? M: Fine. Where shall we have it? W: We can have it at home. I’ve learned to cook a few dishes from a Chinese friend. I’m sure mom will like them. M: All right. Are you going to the grocery store to buy some food as well? W: Yeah. Why don’t we go together, Dad? M: I’d love to. When? W: How about this afternoon? M: OK.

21-23.CDA
21．细节理解题。根据第四个黑体字段落的第1条“Have good skills in the use of various shooting equipment, editing software such as Premiere, Final Cut, After Effects, can independently conduct interviews, shoot and edit news videos;”（熟练使用Premiere、Final Cut、After Effects等各种拍摄设备和编辑软件，能够独立进行新闻视频的采访、拍摄和编辑。）如果你想申请英语视频编辑一职，需要擅长使用Premiere。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第二个黑体字段落的第3条“Have good communication, news planning, teamwork skills, be able to adapt to business trips and work night shifts under high working pressure.”（具有良好的沟通、新闻策划、团队合作能力，能适应出差和高压力下的夜班工作。）、第四个黑体字段落的第4条“Candidates are able to work under high working pressure.”（求职者能够在高压力下工作。）和第六个黑体字段落的第4条“Candidates are able to adapt to high working pressure.”（求职者能够适应高工作压力。）可知，这几个职位对求职者的共同要求就是能够在高压力下工作。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Please send your CV or resume to zhaopinbianji@globaltimes.com.cn, with the subject of the email indicating source of recruitment information + your name + position sought.”（请将您的简历发送至zhaopinbianji@globaltimes.com.cn，邮件主题注明招聘信息来源+您的姓名+所寻求的职位。）中的邮箱地址“zhaopinbianji@globaltimes.com.cn”可知，是Global Times发布的招聘广告。故选A。
24-27．DACB
24．细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Walmart said the program is open to both full-time and part-time workers who have been with the company for at least 90 days. (沃尔玛表示，该计划面向在公司工作至少90天的全职和兼职员工。)”可知，要参加沃尔玛的计划，你必须为它工作至少三个月。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据第三自然段“Walmart is partnering with a company called Guild Education to offer employees the chance to get a bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in business or supply-chain management. (沃尔玛正与一家名为“工会教育”的公司合作，为员工提供获得商业或供应链管理学士学位的机会。)”可知，本段主要介绍这个项目是怎么运行的。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This new partnership is an example of how large retail (零售) businesses are under stress and have to improve the skills of their entry-level workers. It comes at a time when the jobs of entry-level workers are getting more difficult to do partly because of the growing popularity of online sales. (这一新的合作关系是大型零售企业面临压力的一个例子，它们必须提高初级员工的技能。这是在入门级员工的工作变得越来越困难的时候发生的，部分原因是在线销售越来越流行。)”可知，这个项目是必要的。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据全文和第一自然段“The American company Walmart is offering something new to its employees: help with earning a college degree. (美国沃尔玛公司正在为其员工提供一些新东西：帮助他们获得大学学位。)”可知，本文的主旨是沃尔玛支付员工的大学学位的费用。故选B。

28-31.CDBA
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers first taught these pigs how to play with a joystick, teaching them the word, “joystick”. Next, on the words ‘watch the screen’, they learned how to watch targets (目标) on the screen. Of course, praise was given to the active pigs winning a game.(研究人员首先教这些猪如何玩操纵杆，教它们“操纵杆”这个词。接下来，在‘观看屏幕’这个单词上，他们学会了如何观看屏幕上的目标。当然，在比赛中获胜的积极的猪会得到表扬。)”可知，他们一开始训练猪玩一个游戏。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“As they became more successful, the level of difficulty increased, just like in human video games! (随着他们越来越成功，难度水平也随之提高，就像人类电子游戏一样！)”可知，随着成绩的提高，他们得到了更艰巨的任务。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“One disadvantage for the Yorkshire pigs was that they simply grew so large that they could no longer fit in their test. After a few months, Omelet and Hamlet were taken away from the experiment.  (约克郡猪的一个缺点是它们长得太大了，以至于无法再参加测试。几个月后，蛋卷和哈姆雷特被带离了实验。)”可知，Omelet和Hamlet的体型使得它们不适合后来的实验。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Candace Croney, a leading animal behavior scientist in Cambridge, said, ‘The findings of the study are important because what we do to pigs matters to them. It would be nice for people to realize how special pigs are, and how much more intelligent they may be than we recognized. ’ (坎迪斯·克罗尼（Candace Croney）博士是剑桥大学著名的动物行为科学家，他说:“这项研究的发现很重要，因为我们对猪做的事情对它们很重要。如果人们能意识到猪有多特别，它们比我们想象的要聪明得多，那就太好了”)”可知，Croney对研究结果的态度是积极的，故选A。

32-35.AABD
32．细节理解他。根据第二段的“And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.(科学家们应该用最严格和最怀疑的方法，无情地探索现实的结构)”以及最后一段的“However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest.(然而，我相信大多数科学家对了解世界是真正感兴趣的，也是诚实的)”可知，总体上来说，科学家们一直致力于对现实的探索。
33．词句猜测题。根据第五段“It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears.(并不是说我们不知道如何做得更好。研究科学方法的科学家已经知道可行的补救方法几十年了。不幸的是，他们的建议经常被置若罔闻)”可推知，deaf ears指的是大众，即大众经常对科学家的建议置若罔闻。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第七段的“Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. (由于对资源的这种竞争，必须对科学家进行评估和比较)”和第八段的“An oft-used metric (标准，度量) is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different.(一个常用的指标是一个人在同行评议期刊上发表的文章数量，以及这些期刊的地位。像这样的指标可以直接比较研究人员，否则他们的工作可能会有很大的不同)”推知，作者认为资源竞争促使研究人员以更有成效的方式发表文章。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.(激励的问题在于，它们可以在个人没有任何意图的情况下形成文化规范)”可知，作者认为科学家的职业激励应该考虑他们的个人意愿。

36-40.CFAEG
51．根据下文“Others say that today’s more secular(世俗的)culture has confused our most vulnerable young people. But neither side seems to grasp the true urgency of the issue. (还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。)”可知，下文指出了其他人的看法，所以空格处应说明一些人的看法。C项“Some have argued that the climate issue has created an existential threat and accompanying anxiety. (还有人说，今天更加世俗的文化让我们最脆弱的年轻人感到困惑。)”符合语境，Some…Others…是常见句式。故选C项。
52．根据上文“Their rates of sadness and hopelessness are the highest in a decade, reflecting an increasing trend exacerbated by society’s isolation(隔离)and stress. (他们的悲伤和绝望率是十年来最高的，反映出社会的孤立和压力加剧了这一趋势。)”可知，上文反映了青少年心理健康问题的严重程度。空格处位于段末，应指出需要解决该问题。F项“It’s time to stop blaming and turn our attention to this generation of struggling teenagers. (是时候停止指责，把注意力转向这一代苦苦挣扎的青少年了。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
53．根据上文“It is crucial that they not be afraid to ask direct questions about depressive thoughts. (至关重要的是，他们不要害怕直接询问有关抑郁想法的问题。)”以及下文“It is also especially important that parents understand what help is available to their children. (同样重要的是，父母要了解他们的孩子可以得到什么帮助。)”可知，本段围绕家长的做法展开。A项“And they should resist the false idea that raising a question creates a risk that was not there before. (他们应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法。)”说明父母应该抵制提出问题会带来前所未有的风险的错误想法，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。
54．根据下文“For example, we can demand equity equality, which means insurance coverage(保险范围)for behavioral illnesses health issues that is for physical , thus reducing the financial burden.  (例如，我们可以要求公平平等，这意味着为身体健康问题的行为疾病提供保险，从而减轻经济负担。)”可知，下文通过举例说明空格处内容。E项“At the macro(宏观的)level, our country can do so much more to help people struggling with mental health problems and their families. (在宏观层面上，我们国家可以做更多的事情来帮助有心理健康问题的人及其家人。)”说明在宏观层面，国家应该怎么做，符合语境。故选E项。
55．根据上文“We can also urge our congressmen to fund health programs and expand mental health professions. (我们也可以敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。)”可知，上文提到敦促我们的国会议员为健康项目提供资金，并扩大心理健康专业。G项“It’s time for those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change to focus on helping teenagers and families access the help they need. (是时候让那些有能力扩大自己的声音并推动变革的人专注于帮助青少年和家庭获得他们需要的帮助了。)”中的those who have the power to amplify(放大)their voices and drive change指代上文的congressmen，符合语境。故选G项。

41-45．CDABB 46-50．BCDAB 51-55．A CDDC
41.A. comprehension理解；B. hesitation犹豫；C. resolution解决；D. permission允许。根据下文“Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter.”可知，现在借助脑部扫描的科学家正在解决这一问题，所以之前哲学家们争论了很久但没有得出结论。
42A. reliable可靠的；B. invisible看不见的；C. impressive令人印象深刻的；D. decisive决定性的。根据上文“Though reason can shape moral judgment”可知，此处表达语义的转折，虽然理性可以影响道德判断，但是情感应该是更有决定性。
44.大多数人说，这是一个简单的号召：把生命的损失降到最低——正如哲学家们所说的，这是一个“功利主义”的目标。A. regretting后悔；B. minimizing最小化；C. justifying对……作出解释；D. estimating评估。根据上文一换五的抉择和下文“a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal”可知，此处表达在这样的困境下，去做实用主义的决定，即把生命的损失降低到最低，决定用一个人的死亡换五个人的生命。
45句意：这仍然是一换五的交易，你仍然发起了令另一个人死亡的行动。A. struggle斗争；B. deal交易；C. loss失去；D. mistake错误。根据下文“to do this trade-off”可知，此处表达把一个旁观者推向轨道，换来五个人的生命，还是一个一换五的交易。
48.句意：显然，给某人致命一推时，直觉上的犹豫比致命一拉杠杆时的犹豫更强烈。A. enduring持久的；B. obvious明显的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文“giving someone a deadly push”和下文“the hesitation of a deadly lever pull”，并结合常识可知，推一个人去死和不拉动杠杆让一个人死相比，更令人愧疚，所以引起的犹豫会更强烈。
53.为什么要服从那些为“自私基因”服务的道德冲动——比如对亲友的同情？A. superior更好的；B. stubborn固执的；C. caring体贴的；D. selfish自私的。根据下文“sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends”可知，这种道德冲动会让我们偏向与自己更亲近的亲友，所以应该是自私的基因。
55.在缺乏艰难决策过程的情况下，理性可能确实是“激情的奴隶”。A. master主人；B. advocate拥护者；C. slave奴隶；D. protester抗议者。根据上文“And when they lose, it is only after a tough ____10____ process.”可知，在有艰难决策过程的情况下，情感会输给理性，所以艰难决策缺席的时候，理性会输给情感，成为激情的奴隶。


56．a 57．required 58．chose 59．less active 60．may/might
61．as 62．it/that 63．play 64．but 65．which


66．Dear Ann，
Knowing that you have worked as a volunteer of the Beijing Winter Olympics and have been selected as an excellent volunteer, I'm really happy for you. And I'd like to offer my sincere congratulations to you.
To celebrate your achievement, I will hold a party for you this Saturday evening. I will invite some of our friends over, who have prepared surprise gifts for you and are eager to know about your experiences during the Winter Olympics. In addition, you will enjoy delicious Chinese food cooked by myself. I'm sure you will like the party. Please arrive at my home by 5: 00 pm.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua


67．Paragraph 1:
“Mama, will you teach me to weave?” asked Achenyo eagerly. Mama laughed. It was her wish to pass on the weaving trade to her daughter. But she was doubtful about the water hyacinth stalks. Achenyo showed Mama how difficult it was to break a stalk. “I’ll teach you. But if it doesn’t turn out right, I’ll say I told you so.” Achenyo was pleased. “Thank you, Mama!” They wove together every day after school. It was a tricky job. The stalks hurt Achenyo’s palms, but she was determined to make something beautiful.
Paragraph 2:
One afternoon, Achenyo held up her finished work made from water hyacinths. “Mama, I’ve made a school bag to carry my books!” Mama looked over Achenyo’s handiwork. It was neatly woven and well decorated. She clapped her hands in pleasure. Achenyo smiled, “I told you so, Mama!” And they also showed it to their neighbors. Inspired by the delicate school bag, they also began to use the stalks to make bags and baskets. By the end of the rainy season, the villagers were eager to go to the river every morning to harvest water hyacinths. They no longer thought of the plant as an invader, but a provider.