2022-2023学年福建省高中毕业班4月适应性练习卷英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省高中毕业班4月适应性练习卷英语试卷含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 福建省2023届高中毕业班适应性练习卷
英语
注意事项：
1. 答题前，学生务必在练习卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的学校、准考证号、姓名。学生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与学生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本练习卷上无效。
3. 答题结束后，学生必须将练习卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. When will the sales meeting begin?
A. At 9:10. B. At 9:20. C. At 9:30.
2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A movie. B. A novel. C. A hero.
3. Where is the woman speaker?
A. At the airport. B. On the bus. C. At home.
4. What does the woman think the sweater is popular for?
A. Color. B. Material C. Style.
5. Why does David like to live in a dorm?
A. To protect his privacy.
B.T o live with his friends.
C. To attend classes on time.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where are the speakers?
A. In the city center. B. In the suburb. C. On the highway.
7. What will the speakers do?
A. Phone the police.
B. Go to ask for help.
C. Turn right at the next block.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is Carrie’s presentation about?
A. A biology project.
B. A new course.
C. Air pollution.
9. What is Carrie’s problem?
A. How to organize her talk.
B. How to get background data.
C. How to give a final conclusion.
10. How many items should be included in the presentation?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Agent and customer. B. Teacher and student. C. Manager and clerk.
12. What kind of accommodation does the man choose?
A. A one-bedroom flat.
B. A unit with three rooms.
C. A studio flat with a balcony.
13. What will the speakers do this Saturday?
A. Reserve the flat. B. Visit the university. C. See the apartment.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Who is Annabel?
A. A host. B. A guest. C. An audience.
15. What can the MeBot do?
A. Create a new teaching method.
B. Provide a help in class learning.
C. Make a better device for interviews.
16. What is the disadvantage of the MeBot?
A. It’s really expensive.
B. It’s difficult to operate.
C. It’s unable to communicate.
17. What does the conversation focus on?
A. A new show. B. A promising invention. C. A talented scientist.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Who is the man speaking to?
A. Students. B. Tourists. C. Volunteers.
19. What is the main purpose of the project?
A. To give a chance to find animals.
B. To introduce an exciting sight-seeing.
C. To offer an experience to protect wildlife.
20. What does the speaker think of the project?
A. Risky. B. Fantastic. C. Time-consuming.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many of L.A.’s top museums and cultural attractions are your best choices if you visit Los Angeles. From ancient artifacts to modem art, read on for our guide in Los Angeles.
Museum of Latin American Art: Founded in 1996, it is the only museum in the United States devoted to modern and contemporary Latin American art. Since its beginning, it has doubled its size, added a 15,000-square-foot sculpture garden and expanded its permanent collection, ranging from works by Tamayo and Matta to Cruz-Diez, Los Carpinteros and Tunga. Free admission every Sunday.
Autry Museum of the American West: Located in Griffith Park, the Autry features world-class galleries filled with Native American art and artifacts, film memorabilia, historic firearms and more. The Autry’s collection of more than 500,000 pieces of art and artifacts includes the Southwest Museum of the American Indian Collection, one of the largest and most significant collections of Native American materials in the country. Free admission on the second Tuesday of every month.
Descanso Gardens: Located in La Cañada Flintridge, the 160-acre Descanso Gardens was originally developed in 1936 by Elias Manchester Boddy, whose numerous interests included horticulture and politics. Descanso Gardens offers numerous areas for exploring, including a Japanese tea garden, water-wise garden, Oak Woodland, California Garden, and the world’s largest collection of camellia flowers. Free admission on the third Tuesday of every month.
Caltech Museum: Founded in 1979 by members of the Caltech community and the Pasadena Junior League, the museum develops the potential of all kids through kid-driven experiences, inspiring them to become joyful, active learners. Admission to the museum is free on First Fridays.
1. What is special about Museum of Latin American Art?
A. It has a very long history.
B. It has been continuously enlarged.
C. It owns Native American artifacts.
D. It offers a wide range of exploration.
2. Which of the following helps to promote initiatives?
A. Museum of Latin American Art. B. Autry Museum of the American West.
C. Descanso Gardens. D. Caltech Museum.
3. What do the museums and gardens have in common?
A. They take up large areas. B. They have diverse cultures.
C. They collect artworks permanently. D. They offer free admission regularly.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个洛杉矶的顶级博物馆和文化景点的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Museum of Latin American Art:部分的“Since its beginning, it has doubled its size, added a 15,000-square-foot sculpture garden and expanded its permanent collection, ranging from works by Tamayo and Matta to Cruz-Diez, Los Carpinteros and Tunga. Free admission every Sunday.(自开业以来，它的规模扩大了一倍，增加了一个1.5万平方英尺的雕塑花园，并扩大了永久收藏，从Tamayo和Matta的作品到Cruz-Diez、Los Carpinteros和Tunga的作品。)”可知，Museum of Latin American Art不断扩大。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Caltech Museum:部分的“Founded in 1979 by members of the Caltech community and the Pasadena Junior League, the museum develops the potential of all kids through kid-driven experiences, inspiring them to become joyful, active learners.(1979年由Caltech社区和Pasadena Junior League的成员创建，博物馆通过儿童驱动的体验开发所有孩子的潜力，激励他们成为快乐的、积极的学习者。)”可知，Caltech Museum有助于促进积极性，故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Museum of Latin American Art:部分的“Free admission every Sunday.(每周日免费入场。)”，Autry Museum of the American West:部分的“Free admission on the second Tuesday of every month.(每月第二个星期二免费入场。)”，Descanso Gardens:部分的“Free admission on the third Tuesday of every month.(每月第三个星期二免费入场。)”和Caltech Museum:部分的“Admission to the museum is free on First Fridays.(博物馆在首个星期五免费入场。)”可知，这些博物馆和花园的共同之处在于它们定期提供免费入场，故选D。
B
Gutiérrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the garbage 20 years ago. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighbourhoods at night and seeing abandoned books. It aroused his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. He used to take home between 50 and 60 books every morning. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library for children from low-income families.
Colombia’s capital city of Bogota has 19 public libraries. However, these libraries tend to be far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is non-existent for families struggling to make ends meet. Gutiérrez’s community library is a true representation of how one man’s garbage can be another’s treasure.
Gutiérrez grew up poor, and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school. Nevertheless, his mother was a passionate reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutiérrez.
Today, his makeshift community library, called “The Strength of Words”, occupies most of his home in southern Bogota, and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection of more than 20.000 books! As word began to spread about his amazing project, people began sending him thousands more books to grow his library.
Despite having done so much for his community, Gutiérrez is not yet content to call it a day. He continues to search through garbage cans for reading materials. Today, the Gutiérrez family does not merely want to start libraries in neighbourhoods. They want to create spaces for school children to spend their time reading.
Gutiérrez’s journey to give back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us. How might we take a leaf out of Gutiérrez’s books and impact the less fortunate around us?
4. What inspired Gutiérrez to rescue unwanted books?
A The abandoned Anna Karenina. B. Leo Tolstoy’s life.
C. Children’s living conditions. D. A community-library.
5. Why did Gutiérrez start “The Strength of Words”?
A. To create a harmonious neighborhood.
B. To give his mother sufficient books.
C. To facilitate children’s reading.
D. To improve the community life.
6. What can best describe Gutiérrez?
A. Devoted and talented. B. Intelligent and generous.
C. Passionate and well-educated. D. Creative and caring.
7. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Desire for reading B. From garbage to treasure
C. Gutiérrez’s kindness D. An amazing model of education
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事，从而引发读者关于如何改善身边人的生活的思考。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Gutiérrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the garbage 20 years ago. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighbourhoods at night and seeing abandoned books. It aroused his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. (20年前，古铁雷斯在垃圾堆里发现了列夫·托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，从此他的生活再也不一样了。这件事发生在他晚上开着垃圾车穿过富裕社区时，看到了被遗弃的书籍。这激起了他开始从垃圾堆里抢救书籍的欲望。)”可知，被遗弃的《安娜·卡列尼娜》激发了古铁雷斯拯救不需要的书籍。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library for children from low-income families. (最终，他把自己的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆，供低收入家庭的孩子们使用。)”以及第四自然段“Today, his makeshift community library, called “The Strength of Words”, occupies most of his home in southern Bogota, and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection of more than 20.000 books! (如今，他的临时社区图书馆“文字的力量”占据了他位于波哥大南部的大部分家，从地板到天花板都堆满了小说和非小说类的书籍。从学校课本到故事书，所有的东西都可以在他收藏的20000多本书中找到！)”可知，古铁雷斯的The Strength of Words旨在方便孩子们阅读。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要讲述古铁雷斯通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事。由此可知，他既有创意又有爱心。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述古铁雷斯通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事。B项“From garbage to treasure (变废为宝)”最能概括本文主旨。故选B。
C
You’ve heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However, we can have a different understanding about it.
When a person is starving, that’s not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish-eradicating their hunger-and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. “Let me tell you what I’d do in your position,” a well-meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don’t have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person’s situation?
Rushing to offer a struggling person long-term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you’ll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson? Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the other person is open and receptive, or looking at the world through narrowed eyes? You can’t just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don’t say. The other is empathy (共情).The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
8. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To illustrate a concept. B. To bring in a new viewpoint.
C. To introduce the background. D. To put up an example.
9. What does the underlined word “eradicating” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Getting rid of. B. Paying attention to.
C. Making up for. D. Putting up with.
10. What should we do first for those in disasters?
A. Get them to think straight. B. Enhance their confidence.
C. Satisfy their primary needs. D. Teach them a new skill.
11. Which does the author probably agree with according to the last paragraph?
A. Live and learn. B. Never teach a fish to swim.
C. Put yourself in others’ shoes. D. Don’t teach old dogs new tricks.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”的不同理解，即在别人挨饿时，不是给他灌输知识，而是先给他一条鱼，让他消除饥饿。文章解释了这么做的原因以及建议。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“You’ve heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However, we can have a different understanding about it. (你以前听过一句中国古话：授之以鱼不如授之以渔。你现在甚至可能在点头表示同意。然而，我们可以有一个不同的理解。)”可推知，第一段是为了引入新的观点——对“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”的不同理解，故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“When a person is starving, that’s not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish (当一个人在挨饿的时候，那不是给他灌输知识的时候，而是先给他一条鱼)”可知，当一个人挨饿时，先给他一条鱼，这样能消除他的饥饿，由此可知，划线单词“eradicating”意为“消除”，与A项“Getting rid of. (摆脱)”意思相近，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据三段中“People meeting with personal disasters don’t have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person’s situation? (遇到个人灾难的人没有直接思考的能力。他们的神经可能会受到刺激。他们的信心可能根本不存在。你能想象处在那种情况下会是什么样子吗？)”和第四段中“Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you’ll have an opportunity to teach a new skill. (相反，帮助他们恢复情绪平衡更有意义。一旦他们的耳朵，心灵和头脑打开，你将有机会教一个新的技能。)”可知，那些处在灾难中的人们没有信心，所以为了帮助他们，我们首先要做的是帮助他们恢复情绪，即增强他们的信心，故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The other is empathy (共情).The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson. (另一个是共情。你越成功，就越难想象成为失败人是什么样子。试着在授之以渔课之前为情感接受创造一个安全的环境。)”可推知，作者建议我们要产生共情，即要换位思考，站在别人的角度考虑。故选C。
D
Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dedeou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇迹果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
12. What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum?
A. It contains high calories.
B. It is related to weight gain.
C. It tastes unusually sweet.
D. It serves as a sugar replacement
13. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B. Genome published to help do the research
C. Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D. Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes
14. What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries?
A. They are sour. B. They are inexpensive
C. They are accessible D. They are productive.
15. What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative?
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Defensive. D. Conservative.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，原产于西非的奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. (这些所谓的奇迹浆果本身尝起来并不含糖，但如果你事后尝试一些酸的东西，它的味道会异常甜。)”以及第三段“Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. (尽管奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品，但它的生产规模有限，而且不在全球范围内销售。)”可知，奇迹果可以替代糖。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary…Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (为了创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源，日本Tsukuba大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因工程改造，以生产这种蛋白质，但这不是必要的……今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”可知，第4段的主要介绍了为获得更多奇迹蛋白所做的努力。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. (你可以在网上订购冷冻干燥的奇迹果片，但价格昂贵，每包10片售价约18英镑。)”可知，干的奇迹果片是可以买到的。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”以及最后一段“Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. (西班牙初创企业Baia Food计划在加纳促进该工厂的可持续发展，并销售干浆果。)”可知，作者对获得替代糖持乐观态度。故选B。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future, from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire, on demand. ____16____ However, while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old, the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world, more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat. ____17____
With the global population expected to grow to more than nine billion by 2050, demand for food will only increase. No pills or machines have solved our food problems yet.
However, agricultural science has been responsible for saving huge numbers of lives. Science and technology helped us out of starvation during the 1960s and 70s when the world’s population exploded. ____18____ The result of this panic was the “green revolution”, which saw the introduction to farming of high production grains, improved irrigation systems and hybrid seeds, saving over one billion people from starvation
____19____ Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters, conflict, poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk ____20____ Many people are concerned about “playing around with nature”, adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells, and other human interferences(干预), all of which are widespread.
Anyhow the world has not been completely saved from starvation, but we are on the way to get there.
A. Agricultural science was quite a success.
B. There are many complexities when dealing with food.
C. Modern science and technology of food contributes a lot.
D. Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain.
E. And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does.
F. Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation.
G. At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。虽然科幻电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作，但是世界还没有完全从饥饿中拯救出来。
16题详解】
根据下文“However, while these ideas for food creation are more than fifty years old, the way we produce and consume food has not changed very much. (然而，尽管这些创造食物的想法已经有50多年的历史了，但我们生产和消费食物的方式并没有太大变化。)”可知，上下文是转折关系，故空格处在语意上应承接上文。根据上文“Science fiction television has done a lot to shape how we view the meals of the future, from an evening dinner in pill form to machines giving us any meal we desire, on demand. (科幻电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作，从药丸形式的晚餐到按需为我们提供任何膳食的机器。)”可知，上文讲到科幻电视中对未来膳食的构想，下文说到这种构想可能产生的结果。D项“Nobody would ever starve if food were this easy to obtain. (如果食物这么容易获得，没有人会挨饿。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Even though there is enough food available today to feed the world, more than 870 million people do not have enough to eat. (尽管今天有足够的食物养活全世界，但仍有超过8.7亿人没有足够的食物。)”可知，上文讲到世界上粮食短缺的问题。E项“And it is unbelievable that hunger kills more people than disease does. (令人难以置信的是，饥饿导致的死亡人数超过了疾病造成的死亡人数。)”进一步补充粮食短缺的现状，复合语境。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“The result of this panic was the “green revolution”, (这场恐慌的结果是“绿色革命”，)”可知，空格处应说明“这场恐慌”是什么。G项“At that time scientists were genuinely worried that we would run out of food. (当时，科学家们真的很担心我们会耗尽食物。)”说明科学家的担忧，即恐慌，符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Having enough food is only the first step. There are complications with natural disasters, conflict, poverty and environmental problems. All these can mean that the food supply is put at risk. (有足够的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫困和环境问题也很复杂。)”可知，设空处在段首，应为本段主旨句。B项“There are many complexities when dealing with food. (在处理食物时有很多复杂性。)”能概括本段主旨，complexities与complications相呼应。故选B项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Many people are concerned about “playing around with nature”, adjusting how food looks and tastes and smells, and other human interferences(干预), all of which are widespread. (许多人担心“玩弄自然”，调整食物的外观、味道和气味，以及其他人为干扰，这些都是普遍存在的。)”可知此处在讲在食品实验方面面临的问题。F项“Then there are the issues we face when it comes to food experimentation. (然后是我们在食品实验方面面临的问题。)”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节((共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joao Carlos Martins is a famous pianist and conductor. However, his career has been ____21____ and his life has taken him in many different ____22____.
As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts. But in his late twenties, he had to ____23____ after badly breaking his arm. It was really a terrible time. He couldn’t look at a piano or ____24____ listen to music. ____25____, he decided to become the manager of a boxer, who won the world championship later. This ____26____ Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder. Six years later, he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall, which was the most ____27____ moment of his life. He performed in concerts for years before he had to quit because of the unbearable ____28____ in his hands caused by too much ____29____.
Martins, in his forties, became a politician. However, he couldn’t stand this ____30____, so once again, he went back to the piano. All was going well until something unexpected ____31____ while leaving a concert. He ____32____ a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand. Again, with great ____33____ he played just with his left hand. Years later he lost the use of the left hand and ____34____ himself a conductor. Now, in his late seventies, Martins is still taking ____35____ to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts.
21. A. smooth B. tough C. flexible D. interesting
22. A. cultures B. forms C. directions D. levels
23. A. give up B. set out C. turn up D. hold out
24. A. still B. just C. ever D. even
25. A. Generally B. Ultimately C. Occasionally D. Naturally
26. A. forced B. promised C. motivated D. forbade
27. A. realistic B. emotiona1 C. struggling D. striking
28. A. pain B. cuts C. tension D. sensitivities
29. A. conducting B. playing C. instruction D. competition
30. A. career B. popularity C. condition D. behavior
31. A. existed B. remained C. occurred D. continued
32. A. found B. suffered C. cured D. nursed
33. A. patience B. care C. pleasure D. determination
34. A. fancied B. considered C. made D. chose
35. A. measures B. chances C. courage D. trouble
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是著名的钢琴家和指挥家Joao Carlos Martins在职业生涯中艰苦奋斗的经历。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的事业一直很艰难，他的生活把他带向了许多不同的方向。A. smooth光滑的；B. tough艰难的；C. flexible灵活的；D. interesting有趣的。根据however表转折以及下一段“after badly breaking his arm”可知，他的事业一直很艰难。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的事业一直很艰难，他的生活把他带向了许多不同的方向。A. cultures文化；B. forms形式；C. directions方向；D. levels水平。根据下一段“As a teenager Martins began to perform in concerts”，“he decided to become the manager of a boxer”和“Martins to take up the piano and practise much harder”可知，他的生活把他带向了许多不同的方向。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但在他快30岁的时候，他的手臂严重骨折，不得不放弃。A. give up放弃；B. set out出发；C. turn up出现；D. hold out伸出。根据下文“badly breaking his arm”可知，他的手臂严重骨折，不得不放弃。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。A. still仍然；B. just只是；C. ever曾经；D. even甚至。根据下文“listen to music”可知，此处是程度上递进关系，即他不能看钢琴，甚至不能听音乐。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，他决定成为一名拳击手经理，并后来获得世界冠军。A. Generally通常，普遍地；B. Ultimately最终；C. Occasionally偶尔；D. Naturally自然而然地。根据下文“he decided to become the manager of a boxer”可知，最终，他决定成为一名拳击手经理。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激发Martins拿起钢琴，更加努力地练习。A. forced强迫；B. promised答应；C. motivated激发；D. forbade禁止。根据上文“he decided to become the manager of a boxer, who won the world championship later”和下文“to take up the piano and practise much harder”可知，Martins后来获得世界冠军，这激发他拿起钢琴，更加努力地练习。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：六年后，他在Carnegie Hall举办了自己的第一场音乐会，这是他一生中最引人注目的时刻。A. realistic现实的；B. emotional情绪的；C. struggling艰难奋斗的；D. striking引人注目的。根据上文“he gave his first concert at the Carnegie Hall”可知，他在Carnegie Hall举办了自己的第一场音乐会，这是他一生中最引人注目的时刻。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在音乐会上表演了多年，后来因为演奏太多而导致双手难以忍受的疼痛而不得不退出。A. pain疼痛；B. cuts伤口；C. tension紧张；D. sensitivities敏感性。根据上文“he had to quit”和下文“in his hands”可知，他双手疼痛，所以不得不退出。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在音乐会上表演了多年，后来因为演奏太多而导致双手难以忍受的疼痛而不得不退出。A. conducting指挥；B. playing演奏；C. instruction指示；D. competition竞争。根据上文“He performed in concerts for years”可知，他因为演奏太多而导致双手难以忍受的疼痛而不得不退出。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他无法忍受这个职业，所以，他又一次回到了钢琴。A. career职业生涯；B. popularity欢迎；C. condition条件；D. behavior行为。根据上文“became a politician”可知，他无法忍受政治家这个职业。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都很顺利，直到离开音乐会时发生了意想不到的事情。A. existed存在；B. remained保持；C. occurred发生；D. continued继续。根据下文“a serious brain injury and lost all the movement in his right hand”可知，一切都很顺利，直到离开音乐会时发生了意想不到的事情。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他遭受了严重的脑损伤，右手完全失去了活动能力。A. found发现；B. suffered遭受；C. cured治愈；D. nursed看护，照料。根据下文“a serious brain injury”可知，他遭受了严重的脑损伤。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他再一次坚决地只用左手演奏。A. patience耐心；B. care关心；C. pleasure快乐；D. determination决心。根据下文“he played just with his left hand”可知，他再一次坚定地只用左手演奏，with determination意为“坚决地”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年后，他不能使用左手，成为了一名指挥。A. fancied想象；B. considered考虑；C. made使成为；D. chose选择。根据下文“a conductor”可知，多年后，他不能使用左手，成为了一名指挥，空格处意为“使成为”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，年近七旬的Martins仍在努力工作，并指挥了一千多场音乐会。A. measures措施；B. chances机会；C. courage勇气；D. trouble费事，不便。根据上文“in his late seventies”可知，年近七旬的Martins仍在努力工作，take trouble to do意为“不辞辛苦地做……”。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education, advocating students to do activities such as cooking, making handicrafts ____36____ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used ____37____ urban life. Xue joined her family to work at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts. Xue, ____38____ (wear) a pair of gloves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field.
For Yang Liqiao, a Grade 6 student, the past winter holiday gave her ____39____ new identity-garbage sorting guide. Yang wore a volunteer’s vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. ____40____ (additional), Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground. Yang’s father observed labor activities offered students a chance ____41____ (acquire) knowledge, which was not taught at class.
At the same time, some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play-based learning. Some students ____42____(ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year ____43____(painting). The task aimed to develop students’ ____44____(innovation) thinking. And some were required to collect physics-related Chinese poems, make an _____45_____(analyse) and draw a conclusion.
【答案】36. and
37. to 38. wearing
39. a 40. Additionally
41. to acquire
42. were asked
43. paintings
44. innovative
45. analysis
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、制作工艺品、装饰房屋等活动。本文主要分享了几位小学生们寒假期间的丰富劳动活动。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：小学现在非常重视劳动教育，提倡学生进行烹饪、制作手工艺品和装饰房屋等活动。分析句子可知，空格处应填入并列连词。根据句意，此处指“和；以及”，故用and。故填and。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：对于习惯了城市生活的薛来说，关于乡村生活的一切都很新奇。be used to sth./doing sth.是固定短语，意为“习惯……”。故填to。
【38题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：薛同学戴着一副手套，帮助父亲在田里捡水栗子。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。主语Xue与动词wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填wearing。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对于六年级学生杨丽巧来说，刚刚过去的寒假给了她一个新的身份——垃圾分类向导。根据句意，此处指“一个”，表泛指，故用不定冠词。new读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外，杨还邀请她的同学在附近的公园里散步，捡地上的垃圾。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，应用副词。additional的副词形式为additionally，意为“此外”，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
【41题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：杨的父亲观察到，劳动活动为学生提供了一个学习知识的机会，而这些知识是课堂上没有教授的。修饰名词chance应用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……的机会”。故填to acquire。
【42题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一些学生被要求与家长合作，用新年绘画装饰他们的家。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文 assigned可知，此处应用一般过去时态。主语Some students与动词ask是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填were asked。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：同上。根据句中their homes可知，空格处应填入名词复数形式。故填paintings。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该任务旨在培养学生的创新思维。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语。innovation的名词形式为innovative。故填innovative。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些人被要求收集与物理相关的中国诗歌，进行分析并得出结论。根据句中make an可知，此处应填名词作宾语，analyse的名词形式为analysis。故填analysis。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 近日，你校英语报拟介绍学生参与社团的情况。请你结合图表信息，以 “Our School Clubs” 为题写一篇英语短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 参与社团的情况;
2. 你的看法。

注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Our School Clubs
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Our School Clubs
As can be seen from the chart, the choices of school clubs in our school vary from person to person. The majority of the students would like to choose Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Club, while 25% students choose the Pingpong Club. The least students, accounting for 10%, are willing to choose Erhu Club, with other clubs making up 17%.
  Various reasons are responsible for their different choices. To begin with, those who choose Chinese Calligraphy and Painting Club believe that learning Chinese calligraphy and painting will enable them to have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture. What’s more, outdoor-activity lovers hold the opinion that taking exercise is a wonderful way to refresh themselves. 
 I hold the view that whatever clubs we choose, we should learn to relax ourselves besides concentrating on our studies. Only in this way can we improve our efficiency and make our school life meaningful.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语短文向校英语报投稿，介绍学生参与社团的情况。内容包括：
1. 参与社团的情况;
2. 你的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
变化：vary→range
各种各样的：various → a variety of
无论什么：whatever→no matter what
专注于： concentrate on → focus on
2.句式拓展
倒装句变强调句
原句：Only in this way can we improve our efficiency and make our school life meaningful.
拓展句：It is only in this way that we can improve our efficiency and make our school life meaningful.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As can be seen from the chart, the choices of school clubs in our school vary from person to person. （运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】The least students, accounting for 10%, are willing to choose Erhu Club, with other clubs making up 17%.（运用了现在分词作定语以及with的复合结构）
【高分句型3】Only in this way can we improve our efficiency and make our school life meaningful.（运用了only置于句首的部分倒装）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At age 10, I stood in front of my new class, my new classmates looking at me with mild interest as my teacher introduced me. I joined in the middle of the school year. There were 41 students in my new class. I was the 42nd.
All my classmates sat in pairs except for this one girl, Kate. I went and sat down next to her and gave her a small, uncertain smile. She smiled in return. The class started and we didn’t talk until lunch time. At lunch time, I pulled out my lunch box, packed by my mother. It had fried rice with home-made cakes and a small box of fruits. Clearly my mom had spent time packing this yummy lunch. This girl took out a small box with bread butter inside. In India, it’s pretty rare for kids to just get bread butter for lunch. The only time I had bread butter for lunch was if my mom was unwell. So I thought that was what the problem here was. I offered her a small part of my lunch and forgot all about it. The next day, she again had bread butter. Well, I thought, her mother might have fallen ill, so she was taking time to recover. I again offered her a part of my lunch. This went on for a week. Then one day, I asked the one question that I shouldn’t have. “Is your mom not well?”
In fact, I wasn’t prepared for the answer. Later, I knew that her mother, who worked in a supermarket, was in poor health. She constantly stayed at home with no income. I didn’t know what to do. So I did the most obvious thing. I went home and told my mom that my lunch wasn’t enough and I still felt hungry after eating it. My mom started packing a bigger lunch. And in school, I’d tell Kate that my mom had packed me a lunch too big, so could she please help me finish it? Then I asked her what her favorite dish was. “Naan,” she whispered.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I told my mom that I wanted very much to have Naan, she felt puzzled.
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I moved out of that school soon after and didn’t stay in touch with Kate.
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【答案】When I told my mom that I wanted very much to have Naan, she felt puzzled. Naan was not a common dish in our household, and my mom wasn’t sure if she could prepare it, but she promised she would try. The next day, I was thrilled to find that my lunch box now contained a piece of Naan, and I eagerly shared it with Kate. Seeing her smiling face made me feel really happy inside. From that day on, my mom would occasionally pack some Indian delicacies for me to share with Kate, and I would be more than happy to do so.
I moved out of that school soon after and didn't stay in touch with Kate. However, this experience taught me an important lesson about kindness and understanding. Often we judge people too quickly, without realizing their underlying struggles. While it may seem small, sharing my lunch with Kate helped me to connect with her on a deeper level and to understand her better. As I grew older, I would try to apply this lesson in my daily life – to be a little kinder, a little more empathetic, and a little more understanding of people's struggles.
【解析】
【导语】本文以回忆为线索，叙述了作者和同桌Kate相遇后，了解到她家庭情况后，决定与母亲一起帮助Kate的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当我告诉我妈妈我非常想要馕饼时，她感到困惑”可知，第一段可描写作者发现母亲给他准他了馕饼，并与Kate分享。
②由第二段首句内容“不久之后，我就搬出了那所学校，没有和凯特保持联系”可知，第二段可描写作者对自己的经历的感悟。
2.续写线索：告诉母亲——看到馕饼——分享——搬出学校——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①分享：share/divide/split
②准备：prepare/intend/draw up
③判断：judge/estimate/assess
情绪类
①开心：happy/content/joyous
②激动：thrill/excit/amaze
【点睛】[高分句型1]Seeing her smiling face made me feel really happy inside. (动名词做主语)
[高分句型2]As I grew older, I would try to apply this lesson in my daily life – to be a little kinder, a little more empathetic, and a little more understanding of people's struggles. （由As引导的时间状语从句）